between Tatarian and Morrow’s honeysuckle, has has honeysuckle, Morrow’s and Tatarian between entire margins and short petioles. short and margins entire seeds remain viable in soil for two or more years. more or two for soil in viable remain seeds green leaves. Bell’s honeysuckle, a hybrid hybrid a honeysuckle, Bell’s leaves. green simple, opposite, oval to oblong, with with oblong, to oval opposite, simple, understory development is sparse. Honeysuckle Honeysuckle sparse. is development understory Leaves of invasive honeysuckles are are honeysuckles invasive of Leaves honeysuckle has smooth, hairless, dull, bluish- dull, hairless, smooth, has honeysuckle germination is highest on open ground or where where or ground open on highest is germination suckle has hairy, gray-green leaves, while Tatarian Tatarian while leaves, gray-green hairy, has suckle range of environmental conditions. However, However, conditions. environmental of range - honey Morrow’s hairy. slightly are and tip the rate of honeysuckle seeds is high under a wide wide a under high is seeds honeysuckle of rate that taper to a distinct, long, slender point at at point slender long, distinct, a to taper that occurs in the soil during winter. The germination germination The winter. during soil the in occurs larger, somewhat glossy leaves (2-3 inches long) long) inches (2-3 leaves glossy somewhat larger, cold, moist period to break dormancy, which which dormancy, break to period moist cold, inches wide. Amur honeysuckle has darker, darker, has honeysuckle Amur wide. inches ⁄ 1-1 2 1 readily dispersed by birds. The seeds require a a require seeds The birds. by dispersed readily They typically measure 1-2 measure typically They inches long and and long inches ⁄ 2 1 produce large quantities of viable seed that are are that seed viable of quantities large produce oblong, with entire margins and short petioles. petioles. short and margins entire with oblong, year, invasive exotic shrub honeysuckles honeysuckles shrub exotic invasive year, honeysuckles are simple, opposite, oval to to oval opposite, simple, are honeysuckles -inch long, oval, flattened, and yellow. Every Every yellow. and flattened, oval, long, -inch ⁄ 8 1 Leaves: Leaves of invasive exotic shrub shrub exotic invasive of Leaves berries contain many seeds. Seeds are less than than less are Seeds seeds. many contain berries they invade woodlands. invade they honeysuckle). The fleshy, fleshy, The honeysuckle). -inch diameter diameter -inch ⁄ 4 1 shallow rooted, forming dense colonies when when colonies dense forming rooted, shallow honeysuckles) or early to mid autumn (Amur (Amur autumn mid to early or honeysuckles) L. tatarica L. ). Honeysuckles are fast growing and and growing fast are Honeysuckles ). ( Tatarian, Bell’s, Freedom, and Honeyrose Honeyrose and Freedom, Bell’s, Tatarian, white, pink or crimson-red (especially on cultivars) cultivars) on (especially crimson-red or pink white, L. morrowii L. ) and Tatarian honeysuckle honeysuckle Tatarian and ) ( suckle cultivar, and ripen in mid-summer (Morrow’s, (Morrow’s, mid-summer in ripen and cultivar, honeysuckle produces smooth flowers that are are that flowers smooth produces honeysuckle - honey Morrow’s than taller slightly grow usually red to orange-yellow, depending on species and and species on depending orange-yellow, to red hairy peduncles (i.e., flower stems). Tatarian Tatarian stems). flower (i.e., peduncles hairy L. x bella x L. maackii ), ), ( honeysuckle Bell’s and ) Fruit and Seed and Fruit : Honeysuckle fruit ranges from from ranges fruit Honeysuckle : honeysuckle flowers are hairy and are borne on on borne are and hairy are flowers honeysuckle Lonicera Lonicera rounded forms. Amur honeysuckle ( honeysuckle Amur forms. rounded flowers, respectively. flowers, flowers that fade to yellow with age but Morrow’s Morrow’s but age with yellow to fade that flowers wide. They have dense, upright, vase-shaped to to vase-shaped upright, dense, have They wide. produce pink-tinged white flowers and rosy-red rosy-red and flowers white pink-tinged produce Amur and Morrow’s honeysuckles produce white white produce honeysuckles Morrow’s and Amur shrubs growing 6-15 feet tall and 6-12 feet feet 6-12 and tall feet 6-15 growing shrubs a complex hybrid of several honeysuckle species, species, honeysuckle several of hybrid complex a medium to large-sized, deciduous, multi-stemmed multi-stemmed deciduous, large-sized, to medium hummingbird pollinators. hummingbird ‘Honeyrose’, two cultivars that are the result of of result the are that cultivars two ‘Honeyrose’, Growth: Invasive exotic shrub honeysuckles are are honeysuckles shrub exotic Invasive and is attractive to both insect and and insect both to attractive is and L. Lonicera and ‘Freedom’ stems. hairy slightly Nectar collects at the base of the flower tube tube flower the of base the at collects Nectar has white to pink flowers, fading to yellow, on on yellow, to fading flowers, pink to white has IDENTIFICATION with five stamens (i.e., male floral parts). parts). floral male (i.e., stamens five with and do not yellow with age. Bell’s honeysuckle honeysuckle Bell’s age. with yellow not do and long, fragrant, tubular, two-lipped and five-lobed, five-lobed, and two-lipped tubular, fragrant, long, axils). Flowers are generally less than 1 inch inch 1 than less generally are Flowers axils). nutrient-rich fruit for migrating birds. migrating for fruit nutrient-rich at the nodes along the stem (i.e., in the leaf leaf the in (i.e., stem the along nodes the at lipped, five-lobbed, and contain five stamens. five contain and five-lobbed, lipped, D may not serve as a source of high-fat, high-fat, of source a as serve not may depending on location. Flowers are borne in pairs pairs in borne are Flowers location. on depending flowers that are less than 1 in. long, tubular, two- tubular, long, in. 1 than less are that flowers flower from early to late May until early June, June, early until May late to early from flower Invasive honeysuckles produce white, pink or red red or pink white, produce honeysuckles Invasive plants; plants; Flowers: Invasive exotic shrub honeysuckles honeysuckles shrub exotic Invasive pollinators, reducing seed set of native native of set seed reducing pollinators, D may compete with native plants for for plants native with compete may white piths (i.e., stem centers). stem (i.e., piths white native shrub honeysuckle stems have solid, solid, have stems honeysuckle shrub native plants; plants; almost right angles to the stem. In comparison, comparison, In stem. the to angles right almost shading out other woody and herbaceous herbaceous and woody other out shading along the stem are opposite and project at at project and opposite are stem the along D can cause long-term decline of forests by by forests of decline long-term cause can grayish-brown, shaggy bark in long strips. Buds Buds strips. long in bark shaggy grayish-brown, D honeysuckles are often hollow, with light, light, with hollow, often are honeysuckles may degrade wildlife habitat; habitat; wildlife degrade may Stems: Stems of older, invasive exotic shrub shrub exotic invasive older, of Stems D form an impenetrable understory layer; layer; understory impenetrable an form honeysuckles do not have distinctive fall color. fall distinctive have not do honeysuckles D can displace native understory vegetation; vegetation; understory native displace can leaves late into the fall. Invasive exotic shrub shrub exotic Invasive fall. the into late leaves as they tend to leaf out early and retain their their retain and early out leaf to tend they as Invasive exotic shrub honeysuckles honeysuckles shrub exotic Invasive are easy to find in early spring and late autumn, autumn, late and spring early in find to easy are undersides. Invasive exotic shrub honeysuckles honeysuckles shrub exotic Invasive undersides. THREATS dull leaves that are slightly hairy on the the on hairy slightly are that leaves dull PRINTED REFERENCES UW-EXTENSION COUNTY OFFICES Batcher, M.S. and S.A. Stiles. 2000. Element stewardship Adams: 608-339-4237 Marathon: 715-261-1230 abstract for Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle), Lonicera Invasive morrowii (Morrow’s honeysuckle), Lonicera tatarica (Tatarian Ashland: 715-682-7017 Marinette: 715-732-7510 honeysuckle), and Lonicera x bella (Bell’s honeysuckle): The bush Barron: 715-537-6250 Marquette: 608-297-3141 honeysuckles. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. Bayfield: 715-373-6104 Menominee: 715-799-4654 Exotic Brock, T.D. 2004. Use of herbicide in the eradication of honeysuckle (Wisconsin). Ecological Restoration 22(2):145-146. Brown: 920-391-4610 Milwaukee: 414-256-4644 Cochrane, T.S. 1995. Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) naturalized in Buffalo: 608-685-6256 Monroe: 608-269-8722 Wisconsin. The Michigan Botanist 34:79-83. Burnett: 715-349-2151 Oconto: 920-834-6845 Shrub Czarapata, E.J. 2005. Exotic Honeysuckles. p. 32-35. In: Invasive Calumet: 920-849-1450 Oneida: 715-365-2750 Plants of the Upper Midwest: An Illustrated Guide to Their Chippewa: 715-726-7950 Outagamie: 920-832-5121 Identification and Control. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. Clark: 715-743-5121 Ozaukee: 262-238-8288 HONEYSUCKLES Glass, S. 1994. Experiment finds less herbicide needed to control Columbia: 608-742-9680 Pepin: 715-672-5214 buckthorn. Restoration and Management Notes. 12(1):93. Crawford: 608-326-0223 Pierce: 715-273-6781 Gould, A.M.A. and D.L. Gorchov. 2000. Effects of the exotic invasive Dane: 608-224-3700 Polk: 715-485-8600 shrub Lonicera maackii on the survival and fecundity of three Dodge: 920-386-3790 Portage: 715-346-1316 species of native annuals. American Midland Naturalist. 144:36-50. Door: 920-746-2260 Price: 715-339-2555 Hoffman, R. and K. Kearns (eds.). 1998. Exotic bush honeysuckles. Douglas: 715-395-1363 Racine: 262-886-8460 p. 19-21. In: Wisconsin manual of control recommendations for Dunn: 715-232-1636 Richland: 608-647-6148 ecologically invasive plants.