DOCSLIB.ORG

Management Guide for Lonicera Maackii (Amur Honeysuckle)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Management Guide for Lonicera Maackii (Amur Honeysuckle) Management Guide for Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) Species Lonicera maackii (LOMA6)1,2 Common Name Amur honeysuckle Name Common name2, 3, 4 - Amur bush honeysuckle, bush Family: Caprifoliaceae Synonyms: honeysuckle, late honeysuckle. Form: Woody vine/shrub Former species name4- Xylosteum maackii Ruprecht Habitat:3, 4 Roadsides, railroads, woodland borders, some forests, fields, abandoned or disturbed lands and yard edges Occurrence:1, 2, 4 Native range:2, 3, 4, Ranges from NE United States and Ontario, to Eastern Asia (Japan, Korea and Manchuria, and China) North Dakota and east Texas, as well as Oregon Flowering time2, 3 - May – early June Weed class: OR- N/A, WA- N/A, BC- N/A Weed ID: 2, 3, 4 Can grow up to 16’ (5 m) in height, opposite ovate to lance-ovate leaves 3.5-8.5 cm long with acuminate tips, dark green above and lighter underside with pubescent veins. White (aging to yellow) bilabiate tubular flowers in erect pairs of 1.5-2 cm long and 3-4 cm wide at throat, on peduncles shorter than the petioles, fragrant. Fruit are bright to dark red spherical and 6 mm in diameter, ripening in late fall. Bark is gray to tan and exfoliates partly in vertical strips. Look-a-likes: see photos below Other Lonicera:4 - L. morrowii, L. quinuelocularis & L. tatarica (non-natives) Weed distinction4, 9, 14 Amur honeysuckle blooms later than other honeysuckles and has short pedicils with nearly sessile flowers and berries. Distinguishable from most native Lonicera by its bright red fruit and hairy styles, as well as leafing out and keeping leaves later than native Lonicera. L. morrowii has hairier leaves & white flowers. 14 *Twigs being hollow is reported by many to be a trait of native and non-native honeysuckles alike with no consensus, but possibly Lonicera non-native to North America are hollow, as is L. maackii. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 Ecological Impact:2, 3, 4, 18 Can form large stands preventing native shrubs and understory, and one of first plants to leaf out in spring, shading out natives. Persistent berries area spread by birds but birds nesting in the honeysuckle suffer higher predation. It is considered to have a high probability of spreading wherever it has established and is allelopathic where non-native.17 It has been shown to reduce water in ephemeral wetland, harming amphibians and other ephemeral wetland obligate species. Most severe impact is on forest edges & ephemeral wetlands Management Guide for Lonicera maackii Control Methods Large Scale: Chemical Glyphosate is very effective for non-sensitive habitats with Amur honeysuckle at 1% concentration for foliar spray or as 50% for cut-stump & basal bark application.8, 9 Timing9 o Spray in late fall after natives have senesced or any time except spring. o Cut stump & basal bark treatments should be from fall to early winter before active growth. Triclopyr has been effective for controlling Amur honeysuckle at TNC preserves in Hawaii but should be used where surface and sub-surface runoff will be minimum8. The cut-stump, drill & fill (drill 3/8” bit holes at downward slant into the crown, 1 per 1” of trunk diameter) or basal bark9) methods of application may be more effective than foliar spray for taller honeysuckles and where desirable plants are near the honeysuckle.6 Basal treatment may protect native recovery from herbivores.6 Timing9 o Spray from summer to fall. o Treat via cut-stump, drill & fill, and basal bark in fall when sap will move from the stem to the root. Pentra-Bark- apply to bark to open up the lenticels then apply Glyphosate to bark.5 Prescribed burning4, 8, 9, 19 - burns can remove the above-ground growth and kills seedlings, but resprouting may occur from the buds on the crown below soil surface, so follow treatment may be needed. Mowing/ cutting20– large patches can be mowed/cut and the resprouts are either foliar sprayed with herbicide or recut. 4 Repeated cutting in the same year is necessary to prevent increased fruiting as a response to cutting. Can also try bagging crowns cut 3’ high to solarize-kill resprouts if you cannot return to plants soon enough after cutting.5 Timing19 o Cut honeysuckle plants in the spring and summer, or cut in spring and spray resprout in the late spring/early summer (tested using glyphosate on similar invasive L. morrowii).7 o Cutting Amur honeysuckle in fall may lead to resprouts freezing back in winter, but regrow in spring. Small Scale: Cut and burn on the stump5 - will kill the stumps and remove the debris from cutting. Digging out5, 18, 20 – smaller plants can be dug out by hand, taking care to remove the crown of the plant. Pulling with weed wrench5, 8- bush honeysuckles are reportedly removable via weed wrench if not too big for the wrench clamp/”jaws”. Last Updated By: Lauren Clark Date/Time: 9/24/2019 2 Management Guide for Lonicera maackii References: 1. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=LOMA6 2. https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3040 3. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=d617 4. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/31192 5. https://docplayer.net/41193751-Twenty-five-ways-to-remove-amur-honeysuckle-lonicera-maackii.html 6. Cipollini, Kendra., Ames, Elizabeth, & Cipollini, Don. Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) Management Method Impacts Restoration of Understory Plants in the Presence of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginiana). Invasive Plant Science and Management. 2(1):45-54. (2009). http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1614/ipsm-08-108. 1.short 7. Love, J. P., and Anderson, J. T. “Seasonal effects of four control methods on the invasive Morrow’s honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii) and initial responses of understory plants in a Southwestern Pennsylvania old field.” Restoration Ecology. 17-4 549-559. (2009). https://www.cabi.org/isc/abstract/20093231008 8. https://www.invasive.org/gist/products/handbook/methods-handbook.pdf 9. Evans, Chris. “Bush Honeysuckle: Identification, Control, & Potential Spread.” Illinois Wildlife Action Plan. Invasive Species Campaign Cooridinator. (2014). https://www.se-eppc.org/alabama/2014/830_BushHoneysuckleALIPC.pdf 10. https://www.habitatmatters.org/honeysuckle.html 11. https://calscape.org/Lonicera-ciliosa-(Orange-Honeysuckle) 12. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ct/technical/ecoscience/invasive/?cid=nrcs142p2_011130 13. https://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/weedguide/single_weed.php?id=54 14. https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/morrow_hs.htm 15. http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=911 16. http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=683 17. Romanek, Daniel M., Competition and Allelopathic Effects of Native and Invasive Populations of Lonicera Maackii: A Comparative Analysis. (2009). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 806. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/806 18. https://theoec.org/blog/amur-honeysuckle-lonicera-maackii/ 19. http://stophoneysuckle.org/location/ 20. https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/lonspp/all.html 3 Management Guide for Lonicera maackii Photos: 4 Management Guide for Lonicera maackii Look-a-like Photos: 5 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lonicera Maackii Amur Honeysuckle
    Lonicera maackii (F.J. Ruprecht) C.J. Maximowicz Amur Honeysuckle (Caprifolium maackii, Xylosteon maackii) • Lonicera maackii is also known as Bush Honeysuckle; Amur Honeysuckle, which is a native of temperate Asia, forms a large deciduous irregular twiggy mound 12 to 15 tall with a similar or greater spread; growth rates can be rapid and plants can crowd out native vegetation; this is facilitated by the ability of Amur Honeysuckle to tolerate heavy shade until released; the gray pubescent buds of L. maackii can be distinguished from those of L. tatarica which are flattened and glabrous; the bluish green to medium green leaves of L. maackii are longer, 2 to 3 long, have mostly broadly cuneate to occasionally rounded bases, and acute to long acuminate tips while the medium to dark green leaves of L. tatarica are on average shorter, 1½ to 2½ long, with rounded to slightly cordate bases, and acute to short acuminate tips; new twigs have a whitish pubescence and may be flushed purple-red, later maturing to a gray-brown; excavated brown pith is present between the solid nodes; fall colors vary from almost nonexistent to a poor yellow; the tan-brown to gray- brown bark of old trunks develops vertical thin exfoliations. • A profusion of ¾ to 1 long white flowers are borne in spring, fading to a creamy yellow as they mature; flowers are generally reminiscent of those of L. japonica, flowers are produced in spring, occurring during or shortly after the foliage emerges; the flowers are followed by shiny, bright red, ¼to ½ diameter berries, produced mostly in one to two pairs per node, which hold into late winter if not eaten by birds or other wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Lonicera Spp
    Species: Lonicera spp. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/lonspp/all.html SPECIES: Lonicera spp. Choose from the following categories of information. Introductory Distribution and occurrence Botanical and ecological characteristics Fire ecology Fire effects Fire case studies Management considerations References INTRODUCTORY SPECIES: Lonicera spp. AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION FEIS ABBREVIATION SYNONYMS NRCS PLANT CODE COMMON NAMES TAXONOMY LIFE FORM FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS OTHER STATUS AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION: Munger, Gregory T. 2005. Lonicera spp. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2007, September 24]. FEIS ABBREVIATIONS: LONSPP LONFRA LONMAA LONMOR LONTAT LONXYL LONBEL SYNONYMS: None NRCS PLANT CODES [172]: LOFR LOMA6 LOMO2 LOTA LOXY 1 of 67 9/24/2007 4:44 PM Species: Lonicera spp. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/lonspp/all.html LOBE COMMON NAMES: winter honeysuckle Amur honeysuckle Morrow's honeysuckle Tatarian honeysuckle European fly honeysuckle Bell's honeysuckle TAXONOMY: The currently accepted genus name for honeysuckle is Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) [18,36,54,59,82,83,93,133,161,189,190,191,197]. This report summarizes information on 5 species and 1 hybrid of Lonicera: Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxt. [36,82,83,133,191] winter honeysuckle Lonicera maackii Maxim. [18,27,36,54,59,82,83,131,137,186] Amur honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii A. Gray [18,39,54,60,83,161,186,189,190,197] Morrow's honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica L. [18,38,39,54,59,60,82,83,92,93,157,161,186,190,191] Tatarian honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum L.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plants of the Southeast Flyer
    13 15 5 1 19 10 6 18 8 7 T o p 2 0 I n v a s i v e S p e c i e s 1. Chinese Privet, Ligustrum sinense 2. Nepalese Browntop, Microstegium vimineum 3. Autumn Olive, Elaeagnus umbellata 4. Chinese Wisteria, Wisteria sinensis & Japanese Wisteria, W. floribunda 5. Mimosa, Albizia julibrissin 6. Japanese Honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica 7. Amur Honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii 8. Multiflora Rose, Rosa multiflora 9. Hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata 10. Kudzu, Pueraria montana 11. Golden Bamboo, Phyllostachys aurea 12. Oriental Bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus 13. English Ivy, Hedera helix 14. Tree-of-Heaven, Ailanthus altissima 15. Chinese Tallow, Sapium sebiferum 16. Chinese Princess Tree, Paulownia tomentosa 17. Japanese Knotweed, Polygonum cuspidatum 18. Silvergrass, Miscanthus sinensis 19. Thorny Olive, Elaeagnus pungens 20. Nandina, Nandina domestica The State Botanical Garden of Georgia and The Georgia Plant Conservation A l l i a n c e d e f i n i t i o n s you can help n a t i ve Avoid disturbing natural areas, including clearing of native vegetation. A native species is one that occurs in a particular region, ecosystem or habitat Know your plants. Find out if plants you without direct or indirect human action. grow have invasive tendencies. Do not use invasive species in landscaping, n o n - n a t i ve restoration, or for erosion control; use (alien, exotic, foreign, introduced, plants known not to be invasive in your area. non-indigenous) A species that occurs artificially in locations Control invasive plants on your land by beyond its known historical removing or managing them to prevent natural range.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Delaware Invasive Plants Booklet
    Planting for a livable Delaware Widespread and Invasive Growth Habit 1. Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora S 2. Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculata V 3. Japanese stilt grass Microstegium vimineum H 4. Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum H 5. Russian olive Elaeagnus umbellata S 6. Norway maple Acer platanoides T 7. Common reed Phragmites australis H 8. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata A 9. Mile-a-minute Polygonum perfoliatum V 10. Clematis Clematis terniflora S 11. Privet Several species S 12. European sweetflag Acorus calamus H 13. Wineberry Rubus phoenicolasius S 14. Bamboo Several species H Restricted and Invasive 15. Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii S 16. Periwinkle Vinca minor V 17. Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata H 18. Winged euonymus Euonymus alata S 19. Porcelainberry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata V 20. Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana T 21. Marsh dewflower Murdannia keisak H 22. Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria H 23. Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria H 24. Reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea H 25. Honeysuckle Lonicera species S 26. Tree of heaven Alianthus altissima T 27. Spotted knapweed Centaruea biebersteinii H Restricted and Potentially-Invasive 28. Butterfly bush Buddleia davidii S Growth Habit: S=shrub, V=vine, H=herbaceous, T=tree, A=aquatic THE LIST • Plants on The List are non-native to Delaware, have the potential for widespread dispersal and establishment, can out-compete other species in the same area, and have the potential for rapid growth, high seed or propagule production, and establishment in natural areas. • Plants on Delaware’s Invasive Plant List were chosen by a committee of experts in environmental science and botany, as well as representatives of State agencies and the Nursery and Landscape Industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales)
    Syst. Biol. 59(3):322–341, 2010 c The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syq011 Advance Access publication on March 22, 2010 Combining Historical Biogeography with Niche Modeling in the Caprifolium Clade of Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales) STEPHEN A.SMITH1,2,* AND MICHAEL J.DONOGHUE1 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; and 2National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 West Main Street, Suite A200, Durham, NC 27705, USA; *Correspondence to be sent to: National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 West Main Street, Suite A200, Durham, NC 27705, USA; E-mail:[email protected]. Received 15 September 2008; reviews returned 17 February 2009; accepted 9 December 2009 Associate Editor: Roberta J. Mason-Gamer Abstract.—The Lonicera clade Caprifolium contains 25 species distributed around the Northern Hemisphere, including in the Mediterranean climates of California and Europe.∼ We sequenced the second intron of LFY to help resolve relationships within the clade where the internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast markers had previously failed to do so. Divergence Downloaded from time estimation and biogeographic analyses over the posterior distribution of dated trees suggest that a widespread an- cestor was distributed across the Northern Hemisphere some 7–17 million years ago. Asian species form a sister group to a clade in which the European species are sister to the North American species. We use climatic niche modeling and divergence time estimates to explore the evolution of climate variables in the group.
    [Show full text]
  • Honeysuckle, Amur, Tartarian, Morrow's and Bell's, Lonicera
    DEDHAM’S LEAST WANTED! Asian Bush Honeysuckles, Amur, Tartarian, Morrow’s and Bell’s, Lonicera, maackii, tatarica, morrowii, bella Zabel Origin: These exotic Honeysuckles occur throughout Asia. The Amur is from Japan and China, the Tartarian is from Russia and Central Asia, and the Morrow’s is also from Japan. Bell’s Honeysuckle is the only one from Europe. Identification / Habitat: This shrub may grow up to 17 feet tall. All non-native shrubs have hollow stems and twigs. The opposite leaves are long, to ovate in shape. The Amur Honeysuckle has acuminate leaves that taper to a small point; the flower can be white to pale pink. The Tartarian honeysuckle leaves are smooth on the underside. The flowers of Morrows are generally white, while Bella’s flowers are usually pink. All honeysuckle bushes flower in late May-June and this is followed by round red fruit in pairs that ripen mid to late summer on the stem. The easiest identification feature for these plants are their bright red berries, they stand out! Bush honeysuckles can grow in full sun to fairly shaded habitats. The soils it can grow in are also in a large spectrum. Some of the common habitats are woods, woodland edges, floodplain forest, swamps, roadside, and open fields. Dispersal: Birds eat the fruit of the honeysuckle plant then by passing through their digestive tract, drop the seed in other locations, furthering the spread of the plant. Problems: This plants form large dense stands that outcompete native plant species. They alter habitats by decreasing light availability, by depleting soil moisture and nutrients, and possibly by releasing toxic chemicals that prevent other plant species from growing in the vicinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Community Responses to the Removal of Lonicera Maackii from an Urban Woodland Park
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2016 Plant community responses to the removal of Lonicera maackii from an urban woodland park. Elihu H. Levine University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Forest Biology Commons Recommended Citation Levine, Elihu H., "Plant community responses to the removal of Lonicera maackii from an urban woodland park." (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2613. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2613 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO THE REMOVAL OF LONICERA MAACKII FROM AN URBAN WOODLAND PARK By Elihu H. Levine B. A., Earlham College, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky December 2016 PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO THE REMOVAL OF LONICERA MAACKII FROM AN URBAN WOODLAND PARK By Elihu H. Levine B.A., Earlham College, 2005 A Thesis Approved on November 16, 2016 By the following Thesis Committee: __________________________ Dr. Margaret Carreiro, Director __________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL Phyton-Lonicera Maackii
    Thompson, R.L. and D.B. Poindexter. 2011. Species richness after Lonicera maackii removal from an old cemetery macroplot on Dead Horse Knob, Madison County, Kentucky. Phytoneuron 2011-50: 1–16. Published 10 Oct 2011. ISSN 2153 733X SPECIES RICHNESS AFTER LONICERA MAACKII REMOVAL FROM AN OLD CEMETERY MACROPLOT ON DEAD HORSE KNOB, MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY RALPH L. THOMPSON 1, 2 1 Hancock Biological Station Murray State University Murray, Kentucky 42071 2 Berea College Herbarium, Biology Department Berea, Kentucky 40404 [email protected] DERICK B. POINDEXTER I.W. Carpenter, Jr. Herbarium Appalachian State University, Biology Department Boone, North Carolina 28608 [email protected] ABSTRACT The predominance of Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Amur Honeysuckle) in central Kentucky has made it a significant invasive for continued community interaction studies. To better understand the dynamics of vegetation succession with respect to this species and overall species richness, quantitative floristics of two macroplots were made at the summit (312 m) of Dead Horse Knob (Rucker’s Knob) near Berea, in Madison County, east-central Kentucky. An old abandoned cemetery was cleared of L. maackii and a macroplot (20 x 12 m) served as a test plot, while a second macroplot was placed within a dense thicket of L. maackii to serve as a reference plot. Thirty quadrats (1 x 1 m) were randomly placed within each macroplot as a means to determine species frequency. A full floristic survey was then conducted of each macroplot. Results from frequency data suggest that native annual and perennial species will quickly recolonize an area after removal of Amur Honeysuckle and become the most important components of the site.
    [Show full text]
  • Sierran Steppe – Mixed Forest 6
    Selecting Plants for Pollinators A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the Sierran Steppe Mixed Forest Coniferous Forest Alpine Meadow Province Including Parts of California and NAPPC and Oregon Table of CONTENTS Why Support Pollinators? 4 Getting Started 5 Sierran Steppe – Mixed Forest 6 Meet the Pollinators 8 Plant Traits 10 Developing Plantings 12 Farms 13 Public Lands 14 Home Landscapes 15 Bloom Periods 16 Plants That Attract Pollinators 18 Habitat Hints 20 Checklist 22 This is one of several guides for different regions in the United Resources and Feedback 23 States. We welcome your feedback to assist us in making the future guides useful. Please contact us at [email protected] Cover: Trinity County, California mountains and meadow courtesy Marguerite Meyer 2 Selecting Plants for Pollinators Selecting Plants for Pollinators A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the Ecological Region of the Sierran Steppe Mixed Forest Coniferous Forest Alpine Meadow Province Including Parts of California and Oregon a nappc and Pollinator Partnership™ Publication This guide was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the C.S. Fund, the Plant Conservation Alliance, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management with oversight by the Pollinator Partnership™ (www.pollinator.org), in support of the North American Pollinator Protection Campaign (NAPPC–www.nappc.org). Sierran Steppe – Mixed Forest – Coniferous Forest – Alpine Meadow Province 3 Why support pollinators? IN THE I R 1996 BOOK , THE FORGOTTEN POLL I NATORS , Buchmann and Nabhan estimated that animal pollinators are needed for the reproduction “ Farming feeds of 90% of flowering plants and one third of human food crops.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lonicera L.) Genties Atstovų Genetinės Įvairovės Ir Filogenetiniai Tyrimai Dnr Ţymenų Metodais
    VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS Donatas Naugţemys SAUSMEDŢIO (LONICERA L.) GENTIES ATSTOVŲ GENETINĖS ĮVAIROVĖS IR FILOGENETINIAI TYRIMAI DNR ŢYMENŲ METODAIS Daktaro disertacija Biomedicinos mokslai, biologija (01 B) Vilnius, 2011 Disertacija rengta 2006 – 2010 metais Vilniaus universitete. Mokslinis vadovas: prof. dr. Donatas Ţvingila (Vilniaus universitetas, biomedicinos mokslai, biologija – 01 B) Konsultantas: dr. Silva Ţilinskaitė (Vilniaus universitetas, biomedicinos mokslai, biologija – 01 B) 2 TURINYS SANTRUMPOS ..................................................................................................... 5 ĮVADAS ................................................................................................................. 7 I. LITERATŪROS APŢVALGA ......................................................................... 13 1. Sausmedţio genties apţvalga ....................................................................... 13 1.1. Lonicera L. genties sistematikos istorija ir problemos .......................... 15 1.2. Lonicera L. genties kilmė ...................................................................... 21 2. Molekuliniai ţymenys ir augalų filogenetiniai tyrimai ................................ 24 2.1. RAPD metodo taikymas augalų sistematikoje ...................................... 26 2.2. Chloroplastų DNR nekoduojančių specifinių regionų tyrimas sekoskaitos metodu .............................................................................................. 31 2.3. Lonicera L. genties filogenetikos molekuliniai tyrimai
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Lonicera Maackii on Leaf Litter Decomposition and Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Urban Stream
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2013 Influence of Lonicera maackii on leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities in an urban stream. Catherine A. Fargen University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Fargen, Catherine A., "Influence of Lonicera maackii on leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities in an urban stream." (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 427. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/427 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFLUENCE OF LONICERA MAACKII ON LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN AN URBAN STREAM By Catherine A. Fargen B.S., University of Louisville, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky August 2013 INFLUENCE OF LONICERA MAACKII ON LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN AN URBAN STREAM By Catherine A. Fargen B.S., University of Louisville, 2010 A Thesis Approved on July 12, 2013 by the following Thesis Committee: _____________________________________ Dr. Sarah Emery _____________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • We Hope You Find This Field Guide a Useful Tool in Identifying Native Shrubs in Southwestern Oregon
    We hope you find this field guide a useful tool in identifying native shrubs in southwestern Oregon. 2 This guide was conceived by the “Shrub Club:” Jan Walker, Jack Walker, Kathie Miller, Howard Wagner and Don Billings, Josephine County Small Woodlands Association, Max Bennett, OSU Extension Service, and Brad Carlson, Middle Rogue Watershed Council. Photos: Text: Jan Walker Max Bennett Max Bennett Jan Walker Financial support for this guide was contributed by: • Josephine County Small • Silver Springs Nursery Woodlands Association • Illinois Valley Soil & Water • Middle Rogue Watershed Council Conservation District • Althouse Nursery • OSU Extension Service • Plant Oregon • Forest Farm Nursery Acknowledgements Helpful technical reviews were provided by Chris Pearce and Molly Sullivan, The Nature Conservancy; Bev Moore, Middle Rogue Watershed Council; Kristi Mergenthaler and Rachel Showalter, Bureau of Land Management. The format of the guide was inspired by the OSU Extension Service publication Trees to Know in Oregon by E.C. Jensen and C.R. Ross. Illustrations of plant parts on pages 6-7 are from Trees to Know in Oregon (used by permission). All errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Book formatted & designed by: Flying Toad Graphics, Grants Pass, Oregon, 2007 3 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................ 4 Plant parts ................................................................................... 6 How to use the dichotomous keys ...........................................
    [Show full text]