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(Betula Papyrifera) / Diervilla Lonicera Trembling Aspen (Paper Birch) / Northern Bush-Honeysuckle Peuplier Faux-Tremble (Bouleau À Papier) / Dièreville Chèvrefeuille

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(Betula Papyrifera) / Diervilla Lonicera Trembling Aspen (Paper Birch) / Northern Bush-Honeysuckle Peuplier Faux-Tremble (Bouleau À Papier) / Dièreville Chèvrefeuille Forest / Forêt Association CNVC 00238 Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Diervilla lonicera Trembling Aspen (Paper Birch) / Northern Bush-honeysuckle Peuplier faux-tremble (Bouleau à papier) / Dièreville chèvrefeuille Subassociations: 238a typic, 238b Alnus viridis, 238c Kalmia angustifolia CNVC Alliance: CA00014 Betula papyrifera – Populus tremuloides – Abies balsamea / Clintonia borealis CNVC Group: CG0007 Ontario-Quebec Boreal Mesic Paper Birch – Balsam Fir – Trembling Aspen Forest Type Description Concept: CNVC00238 is a boreal hardwood forest Association that ranges from Manitoba to Quebec. It has a closed canopy dominated by trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ), usually with paper birch ( Betula papyrifera ), overtopping a well-developed to dense shrub layer. The shrub layer includes a mix of regenerating tree species, primarily trembling aspen, balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ), paper birch and black spruce ( Picea mariana ), as well as low shrub species, such as velvet-leaved blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtilloides ), northern bush-honeysuckle ( Diervilla lonicera ) and early lowbush blueberry ( V. angustifolium ). The herb layer is well developed and typically includes bunchberry (Cornus canadensis ), wild lily-of-the-valley ( Maianthemum canadense ), wild sarsaparilla ( Aralia nudicaulis ), yellow clintonia ( Clintonia borealis ), twinflower ( Linnaea borealis ) and northern starflower Source: Natural Resources Canada - (Lysimachia borealis ). The forest floor cover is mainly broad-leaf litter so the moss layer is Canadian Forest Service sparse, with only minor cover of red-stemmed feathermoss ( Pleurozium schreberi) . CNVC00238 is an early seral condition that typically establishes after fire or harvesting. It occurs in a region with a continental boreal climate that grades from subhumid in the west to humid in the east and is usually found on mesic, nutrient-medium sites. Three subassociations are distinguished: typic, Alnus viridis and Kalmia angustifolia . Vegetation: CNVC00238 is a hardwood forest Association with a closed canopy dominated by Populus tremuloides , usually with Betula papyrifera as an associate. The shrub layer is well developed to dense, generally with roughly equal amounts of regenerating trees (P. tremuloides , Abies balsamea , B. papyrifera and Picea mariana ) and low shrubs, especially Vaccinium myrtilloides , Diervilla lonicera and V. angustifolium . The herb layer is well developed and usually includes Cornus canadensis , Maianthemum canadense , Aralia nudicaulis , Clintonia borealis, Linnaea borealis and Lysimachia borealis. Forest floor cover is predominantly broad-leaf litter, so the moss layer is poorly developed, with only Pleurozium schreberi common, mainly on fallen logs and at the base of trees. The typic subassociation has less shrub cover than the other two subassociations. The Alnus viridis subassociation has abundant A. viridis in the shrub layer and abundant Lycopodium annotinum in the herb layer. In the Kalmia angustifolia subassociation, the shrub layer is dominated by the ericaceous species K. angustifolia, V. myrtilloides and V. angustifolium and the herb layer by the fern Pteridium aquilinum. This subassociation also has higher constancy of the shrubs Viburnum nudum (see Comments), Ilex mucronata and Prunus pensylvanica. Environment: CNVC00238 occurs in a continental boreal climate that is subhumid in the western part of its range, becoming increasingly humid farther east. Regional fire cycles within the range are intermediate (100-270 years), long (270-500 years) or even very long (>500 years). It is found most frequently on mesic, nutrient-medium sites. Stands are often on level sites or gentle to moderate slopes on water-shedding, middle to upper-slope topopositions. Soils are frequently moderately deep to deep, well drained and coarse- textured, often coarse loams or sands derived from morainal, or less commonly, glaciofluvial parent materials. Mor humus forms are prevalent. The Alnus viridis subassociation occurs more frequently on moist soils than do the typic and Kalmia angustifolia subassociations and is less common on drier, upper-slope topopositions. Mar. 23, 2016 ISSN 1916-3266 http://cnvc-cnvc.ca Page 1 of 14 © 2016 Canadian National Vegetation Classification Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Diervilla lonicera CNVC00238 Type Description (cont'd) Dynamics: CNVC00238 is an early seral condition that typically establishes after stand-replacing fire or harvesting. Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera are pioneer species adapted to disturbance. Following any disturbance that does not kill their roots, they can reproduce vegetatively, P. tremuloides from root suckers and B. papyrifera from stump sprouts. These species also produce abundant, light, wind-dispersed seeds that can readily colonize mineral soil seedbeds exposed by disturbance. Both species grow rapidly in full-light conditions but are intolerant of shade so do not replace themselves in a stand without further disturbance. If seed sources are available, shade tolerant conifers (especially Abies balsamea ) can become established in these stands and may grow into the canopy as the pioneer species decline. After about 100 years, a mid-seral mixedwood Association could develop (e.g., CNVC00231 [Abies balsamea – Betula papyrifera – Populus tremuloides / Clintonia borealis ]). Occasionally, CNVC00238 can result when harvesting or a severe outbreak of spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana ) eliminates the mature conifers in a mixedwood Association (e.g., CNVC00231). The resulting stand of CNVC00238 is short lived, however, since the surviving A. balsamea in the understory quickly grows into the canopy, re-establishing the mixedwood condition. Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria ) and Armillaria root disease ( Armillaria spp.) can have significant impacts on P. tremuloides. Defoliation by the caterpillar can reduce growth, cause dieback and sometimes lead to mortality. Armillaria spp. can weaken or kill individual or small groups of trees. Canopy openings that result from insect or pathogen disturbance can promote forest succession by enhancing the growth of understory trees, such as A. balsamea and P. mariana . Range: CNVC00238 occurs in the boreal region of Quebec and Ontario and likely extends into southeastern Manitoba as far west as Lake Winnipeg. In Quebec it ranges east to the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence near the Natashquan River and to the Gaspé region but is more frequent in western Quebec, especially on the Clay Belt. CNVC00238 occurs sporadically in the northern temperate region, usually on sites with poor soils or that are cooler than normal for that region. The typic subassociation is recognized in Ontario and Quebec. The Alnus viridis and Kalmia angustifolia subassociations are described only from Quebec. Conservation Status (NatureServe) Global Conservation Rank: no applicable rank National Conservation Rank: not yet determined Subnational Conservation Rank: not yet determined Mar. 23, 2016 ISSN 1916-3266 http://cnvc-cnvc.ca Page 2 of 14 © 2016 Canadian National Vegetation Classification Forest / Forêt Association CNVC 00238 Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Diervilla lonicera Trembling Aspen (Paper Birch) / Northern Bush-honeysuckle Peuplier faux-tremble (Bouleau à papier) / Dièreville chèvrefeuille Distribution Countries: Canada Provinces / Territories / States: Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec Terrestrial Ecozones and Ecoregions of Canada: Atlantic Highlands: Appalachians; Boreal Shield: Abitibi Plains, Algonquin-Lake Nipissing, Central Laurentians, Lac Seul Upland, Lake Nipigon, Lake of the Woods, Lake Timiskaming Lowland, Mecatina Plateau, Rivière Rupert Plateau, Southern Laurentians, Thunder Bay-Quetico Rowe’s Forest Regions and Sections of Canada: Boreal: Central Plateau, Chibougamau- Natashquan, Gaspé, Gouin, Laurentide-Onatchiway, Lower English River, Missinaibi- Cabonga, Northern Clay, Superior, Upper English River; Great Lakes-St. Lawrence: Algoma, Eastern Townships, Haileybury Clay, Laurentian, Middle Ottawa, Quetico, Saguenay, Sudbury-North Bay, Temiscouata-Restigouche, Timagami NAAEC CEC Ecoregions of North America (Levels I & II): Northern Forests: Atlantic Highlands, Mixed Wood Shield, Softwood Shield Nature Conservancy of Canada Ecoregions: Boreal Shield, Great Lakes, Northern Appalachians-Acadia, Superior-Lake of the Woods Ecozones and Ecoregions of Manitoba: Boreal Shield Manitoba Protected Areas Initiative Natural Regions: Manitoba Lowlands: Lake of the Woods Ecological Land Classification of Ontario (ecoregions and ecodistricts): 3E-1, 3E-2, 3E- 4, 3E-5, 3E-6, 3W-1, 3W-2, 3W-3, 3W-4, 3W-5, 4E-4, 4S-2, 4S-3, 4S-4, 4S-5, 4S-6, 4W-1, 4W-2, 5E-1, 5E-4 Bioclimatic Domains and Subdomains of Québec: 3 Est, 3 Ouest, 4 Est, 4 Ouest, 5 Est, 5 Ouest, 6 Est, 6 Ouest Corresponding Types and Associations 238a typic Ontario BTr10-2 Populus tremuloides - Betula papyrifera / Vaccinium angustifolium / Clintonia borealis BTr4-8 Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Diervilla lonicera / Clintonia borealis Quebec QC108A Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Cornus canadensis [Typique] 238b Alnus viridis Quebec QC108B Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Cornus canadensis [Alnus viridis] 238c Kalmia angustifolia Quebec QC110A Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Kalmia angustifolia - Vaccinium spp. [Typique] QC110B Populus tremuloides (Betula papyrifera) / Kalmia angustifolia - Vaccinium spp. [Pteridium aquilinum] Feb. 12,
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