Dalam Konvensi Keanekaragaman Hayati (Convention on Biological Diversity (Cbd)) 1992 Dan Implementasinya Di Indonesia

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Dalam Konvensi Keanekaragaman Hayati (Convention on Biological Diversity (Cbd)) 1992 Dan Implementasinya Di Indonesia STATUS HUKUM INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY PRINCIPLE (IGE) DALAM KONVENSI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI (CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (CBD)) 1992 DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA SKRIPSI Oleh: DALILA ADIBA YANUAR DOMAN No. mahasiswa: 14410142 PROGRAM STUDI S1 ILMU HUKUM F A K U L T A S H U K U M UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2018 STATUS HUKUM INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY PRINCIPLE (IGE) DALAM KONVENSI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI (CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (CBD)) 1992 DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi sebagai persyaratan Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana (Strata-1) pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Oleh: DALILA ADIBA YANUAR DOMAN No. mahasiswa: 14410142 PROGRAM STUDI S1 ILMU HUKUM F A K U L T A S H U K U M UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2018 i ii iii iv v Motto “ Do it with your passion or not at all and automatically, along with caring the environment, we caring the human living too. “ [Anonim] vi PERSEMBAHAN Tugas Akhir ini saya persembahkan kepada: Kedua orang tua saya (Ir. Yanuar Abdusa Doman dan Ir. Shita Annisa Doman) yang selalu mendukung saya, Kakak-kakak saya (Nadia Amira Yanuar Doman, S.H., M.H. dan Bhredipta Cresti Socarana, S.H.) yang memberikan saya inspirasi, Dosen Pembimbing saya yang juga salah seorang yang membuka wawasan saya atas Hukum Lingkungan Internasional (Sri Wartini, Dra. S.H., M.H., Ph.D.) dan dosen-dosen saya di Fakultas Hukum UII khususnya Dosen Hukum Internasional dan Hukum Acara yang menjadikan saya semakin mencintai ilmu hukum, serta teman-teman saya (yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu-satu) yang selalu memberi saya semangat. Tugas Akhir ini adalah wujud syukur saya kepada Allah SWT karena tugas muslim di dunia semata-mata menujukan segala hal duniawi untuk Allah SWT dan sebagai bukti kepedulian saya sebagai akademisi hukum kepada lingkungan yang semakin terabaikan oleh manusia di penjuru dunia. vii KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb., Syukur Alhamdulillah yang tak terhingga penulis haturkan kepada Allah SWT yang atas rahmat, ridho dan hidayah-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan tugas akhir (skripsi) ini dengan baik dan lancar tanpa kendala yang berarti. Shalawat serta salam penulis curahkan kepada junjungan Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW karena beliau kita hidup tidak di zaman kegelapan melainkan zaman yang nyaman, damai dan penuh dengan ilmu pengetahuan islamiah. Penulis skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat perolehan gelar Sarjana Hukum (Strata 1) pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta. Judul yang penulis angkat dalam skripsi ini adalah “Status Hukum Intergenerational Equity Principle (IGE) dalam Konvensi Keanekaragaman Hayati (Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)) 1992 dan Implementasinya di Indonesia”. Alasan penulis mengangkat judul tersebut dikarenakan keanekaragaman hayati adalah suatu komponen yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia dari generasi ke generasi. CBD 1992 sebagai instrumen hukum internasional menggunakan prinsip IGE untuk diimplementasikan oleh negara peserta CBD 1992 di wilayah hukum masing-masing demikian berstatus hukum sekadar perjanjian internasional. Kewajiban mengimplementasikan IGE terhadap keanekaragaman hayati hanya wajib dilaksanakan oleh negara peserta CBD 1992. Keberadaan keanekaragaman hayati untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia dari generasi ke generasi (makna IGE dalam CBD 1992) tidak dapat terwujud jika hanya viii diimplementasikan oleh negara peserta CBD 1992. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara peserta CBD 1992 dengan keragaman hayati salah satu yang terkaya di dunia. IGE terhadap keanekaragaman hayati atau IGE dalam CBD 1992 dapat terwujud jika diimplementasikan oleh seluruh negara demikian berstatus hukum kebiasaan internasional. Analisis status hukum IGE dalam CBD 1992 dalam skripsi ini membawa hasil bahwa IGE dalam CBD 1992 memiliki dual status hukum yakni sebagai perjanjian internasional dan hukum kebiasaan internasional. Konsekuensi hukum dari status hukum demikian menjadikan negara peserta CBD 1992 jika tidak mengimplementasikan IGE dalam CBD 1992 atau IGE terhadap keanekaragaman hayati maka akan diberi sanksi hukum. Negara selain negara peserta CBD 1992 jika tidak mengimplementasikan IGE terhadap keanekaragaman hayati maka akan diberi sanksi moral. Indonesia mengimplementasikan IGE terhadap keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia dengan cukup baik walaupun masih terdapat beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaannya. Skripsi ini murni ditulis oleh penulis sendiri dengan menggunakan berbagai referensi mulai dari instrumen hukum nasional dan internasional, dokumen resmi negara-negara, jurnal ilmiah nasional dan internasional, kepustakaan dan berita. Penggunaan referensi demikian menjadikan keaslian skripsi ini dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Penulis berupaya semaksimal mungkin dalam penyusunan skripsi ini agar dapat memenuhi harapan dan standar ilmiah hukum. Penulis di sisi lain menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna dikarenakan terbatas pada kemampuan dan pengetahuan penulis. Penulis ix mengucapkan terimakasih sebesar-besarnya tanpa mengurangi rasa hormat dan dengan kerendahan hati, ketulusan serta keikhlasan kepada: 1. Dekan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, Bapak Aunur Rahim Faqih, S.H., M.Hum yang telah memberikan dukungan kepada penulis dalam berbagai kegiatan penulis selama berkuliah di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2. Ibu Sri Wartini, Dra., S.H., M.H, Ph.D., selaku Dosen Pembimbing daya dalam penyusunan skripsi ini yang telah dengan sabar memberikan arahan, bimbingan dan masukan serta inspirasi sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan lancar, optimal dan tanpa kendala yang berarti. 3. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia yang telah memberi ilmu sehingga menjadi dasar dan bekal penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini, 4. Kedua orang tua penulis yang saya cintai (Ir., Yanuar Abdusa Doman dan Ir., Shita Annisa Doman) yang telah memberikan seluruh kasih sayang, do’a dan dukungan lahiriah dan bathiniah. Kedua orang tua penulis yang telah memberikan kesabaran dan semangat serta motivasi kepada penulis menjadikan penulis ingin membanggakan keduanya melalui skripsi ini, 5. Kakak-kakak penulis (Nadia Amira Yanuar Doman S.H., M.H. dan Bhredipta Cresti Socarana, S.H.) sebagai inspirasi penulis dan selalu sabar menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan penulis terkait Hukum Internasional Publik hingga Hukum Lingkungan Internasional. Tak lupa keduanya terus x menerus memberikan ide serta gagasan sehingga penulis terus semangat melakukan penelitian untuk skripsi ini, 6. Teman-teman penulis yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Teman-teman di Fakultas Hukum dan fakultas-fakultas UII lainnya, khususnya teman-teman Hamburg Model United Nations 2016 dan keluarga Model United Nations UII yang selalu memberi kepercayaan dan semangat kepada penulis, 7. Serta seluruh pihak yang telah membatu penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini dengan demikian sangat penulis harapkan. Kritik dan saran tersebut menjadikan skripsi ini dapat membawa manfaat bagi penulis dan pembaca pada khususnya, bagi masyarakat internasional, lingkungan dan perkembangan ilmu hukum pada umumnya. Semoga Allah SWT meridhoi dan senantiasa memberikan hidayah-Nya kepada kita semua Wassalammu’alaikum Wr. Wb. xi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR PRA- PENDADARAN......................................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR...................................... iii HALAMAN ORISINALITAS.................................................................. iv CURRICULUM VITAE........................................................................... v HALAMAN MOTTO................................................................................ vi HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN................................................................ vii KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................. xii ABSTRAK.................................................................................................. xx BAB I PENDAHULUAN...................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah.................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah........................................................... 11 C. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................. 11 D. Orisinalitas Penelitian...................................................... 12 E. Kegunaan Penelitian........................................................ 12 F. Tinjauan Pustaka / Kerangka Teori................................. 13 1. Perjanjian Internasional (Treaty / Convention)........................................................... 13 2. Hukum Kebiasaan Internasional (International Customary Law).................................................... 16 3. Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Umum yang Diakui oleh Bangsa yang Beradab (General Principles of the Law Recognized by Civilized Nations)................................................................. 18 4. Yurisprudensi / Putusan Pengadilan.....................
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