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How Forests and Forest Management Messaging Was Disseminated in Governmental Promotional Material in Ontario, 1800–1959

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How Forests and Forest Management Messaging Was Disseminated in Governmental Promotional Material in Ontario, 1800–1959 Lakehead University Knowledge Commons,http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca Electronic Theses and Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations from 2009 2020 How forests and forest management messaging was disseminated in governmental promotional material in Ontario, 1800–1959 Lino, Amanda A. http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/4671 Downloaded from Lakehead University, KnowledgeCommons HOW FORESTS AND FOREST MANAGEMENT MESSAGING WAS DISSEMINATED IN GOVERNMENTAL PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL IN ONTARIO, 1800–1959 by Amanda A. Lino A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forest Sciences Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada 15 June 2020 Copyright © Amanda Ann Lino, 2020 LIBRARY RIGHTS STATEMENT In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, I agree that the University will make it freely available for inspection. This dissertation is made available by my authority solely for the purpose of private study and research. In addition to this statement, Lakehead University, Faculty of Graduate Studies has forms bearing my signature: Licence to the University, and Non-Exclusive Licence to Reproduce Theses. Signature: Date: 29 April 2020 A CAUTION TO THE READER This PhD dissertation has been through a semi-formal process of review and comment by at least two faculty members. It is made available for loan by the Faculty of Natural Resources Management for the purpose of advancing practice and scholarship. The reader should be aware that opinions and conclusions expressed in this document are those of the student and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the dissertation supervisor, the faculty or Lakehead University. ii Abstract This dissertation studies governmental forestry promotional publications issued in Ontario, to examine how messaging of forests and forest management was disseminated in promotional publications released by government departments. The study adds to the literature that examines the shifting purpose of forested lands in Ontario. It complements recent studies on representations of sustainable forestry by drawing attention to various mediums that have been utilized in bolstering government sustainable mandates, which has been overlooked by many scholars. Based on an examination of numerous films, trade publications, children’s literature, and archival records on promotional publications, this dissertation argues both streams of government depicted a carefully constructed narrative that lacked transparency as to the actual state of forestry in the province. This portrayal of forests reflected the Dominion Forestry Branch’s and the Department of Lands and Forests’ own ideas regarding the purpose and use of the areas. This narrative, created for the public, was transformed over time. Illustrated is the contentious relationship that the public shared with forests due largely to the propaganda issued by governmental and industrial agencies, further demonstrating how government agencies continually re-envisioned forests to respond to its own evolving views of forests and society’s aspirations for the land. The changing perception of forests altered the government’s stance and guiding themes in forestry promotion shifted between utilization and conservation. Lino, A.A. 2020. How forest and forest management messaging was disseminated in governmental promotional material in Ontario, 1800–1959. Ph.D. Diss., Thunder Bay, ON: Lakehead University. iii Acknowledgements The path to this dissertation has been a long and evolving one. Its completion is thanks in large part to the people who challenged and supported me through this process. I was fortunate to have an insightful and experienced committee who provided thoughtful feedback and encouragement. Thank you to Dr. Michel S. Beaulieu, my supervisor, along with my committee members Dr. Ron Harpelle and Dr. Chris Southcott, and external examiner Bruce Muirhead. I am grateful for your support in my research and sharing your depth of knowledge with me. I would like to thank Kara Babcock, who spent countless hours listening and reading my chapters over, I am extremely grateful for all your help and support over the years. Sam Markham, thank you for your years of support and encouragement—I finally finished! Thank you to my husband Andre Lafreniere and my family who have been understanding, patient and supportive. I would not have been able to start or complete this without you. I would also like to thank the administrative staff at Lakehead University in History and Natural Resource Management in addition to all the individuals at the various research institutions who made my research efforts possible. To all the people I have met along the way, who in some way or another have helped and shaped me and my research, thank you. Finally, a dedication. To my grandfather who passed before I was able to complete my dissertation. Thank you for your years of support and encouragement. iv Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Chronological Listing of Canadian Forest Legislation from 1867 to 1960 .................................. vii Chronological Listing of Ontario Forest Legislation from 1867 to 1960 .................................... viii Chronology of Federal Jurisdiction of Forestry in Canada 1873-1960 ......................................... ix Chronology of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests 1867-1960 .................................... xi Introduction Our Roots: The Path to Promoting Sustainable Forest Management in Ontario ..... 12 Chapter 1 Under New Management: Ontario Forest Management in the Nineteenth Century .... 36 Chapter 2 Early Perspectives: Establishing a Relationship with Nature, 1860–1900 .................. 79 Chapter 3 Back to Nature: The Creation of Artificial Boundaries and the Architects behind Them, 1890s–1920s .................................................................................................................... 111 Chapter 4 The Golden Era of the Staple State, 1910s-1950s ...................................................... 151 Chapter 5 Creating Resource Stewards by Investing in Youth Programming and Education, 1950s ........................................................................................................................................... 197 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 247 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 258 Appendix A Timber Limit Sales, 1867–1892 ............................................................................. 282 Appendix B Large Fires in Ontario ............................................................................................ 283 Appendix C Ontario Forest Protection Division and Department of Lands and Forests, Samples of Forest Fire Prevention Posters (1958) .................................................................................... 284 Appendix D Films Shown on the Conservation Car and at Public Lectures .............................. 287 Appendix E CNR Conservation Car Summary of Activities (1958) .......................................... 292 v List of Figures Figure 0.1 Goffman’s frame ......................................................................................................... 25 Figure 0.2 Breakdown of framing: The relationship between the message and how it is received and perceived by the consumer ..................................................................................................... 25 Figure 0.3 Conditions for potential successful persuasion ........................................................... 30 Figure 0.4 Conditions for potential failed persuasion ................................................................... 30 Figure 3.1 Rod and Gun in Canada (August, 1913). “In Algonquin National Park of Ontario.” ..................................................................................................................................................... 133 Figure 3.2 CPR Brochure, 1916 .................................................................................................. 135 Figure 3.3 T.F. Poster for Canada Pacific. c. 1926 ..................................................................... 135 Figure 3.4 Ford Advertisement. The Canadian Magazine, May 1925 ....................................... 147 Figure 3.5 Ford Advertisement. The Literary Digest, 23 August 1930 ...................................... 147 Figure 4.1 Dominion Forest Service poster ................................................................................ 183 Figure 4.2 Dominion Forest Service poster ...............................................................................
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