Chapter 1: Regional Setting
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The Religious Development of the Early German Settlers in "Greater Pennsylvania": the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia*
The Religious Development of the Early German Settlers In "Greater Pennsylvania": The Shenandoah Valley of Virginia* John B. Frantz The Pennsylvania State University Introduction Throughout much of the eighteenth century, the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia was the frontier. The first Europeans to settle there came from colonies to the north. They had the opportunity to create new culture in this sparsely inhabited area. Most of the Indians had aban- doned it, and Europeans from the Tidewater had not yet spread their plantations that far west. The Valley was an ideal location for innova- tion. Nevertheless, the early settlers brought with them their religious heritage and developed patterns and institutions for their spiritual nur- ture that were remarkably similar to those that they had known in their previous homes. Historiography Study of the religious development of the early German settlers has been underway for more than a century and a half One of the first accounts appeared in Samuel Kercheval's 1833 History of the Valley of Virginia.' A more detailed description is contained in John W Way- 1. Samuel Kercheval, The History of the Valley of Virginia 4th ed. (Strasburg Shenandoah Publish- ing House, 1925), originally published in 1833. The Religious Development of the Early German Settlers 67 land's History ofThe German Element of the Shenandoah Valley, published in 1907,2 some of which he included in his History of Shenandoah County that appeared twenty years later.3 Dedicated to Wayland and drawing on his work but going further is The Pennsylvania Germans of the Shenandoah Valley, the 1962 volume of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, by Elmer Lewis Smith, John G. -
Existing Land Use Characteristics
CHAPTER FIVE EXISTING LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS Rappahannock County is a scenic, rural County dominated by forestal land uses, which occupied over 50% of the County's land area in 1997 according to the Census of Agriculture. This is due in part to the 31,700 acres of the Shenandoah National Park located in the County. However, it may also be attributed to the rugged character of the area that makes much of the land unsuitable for plowing. Agriculture and pasture is the second most dominant land use in the County with almost 34% of the land in this category. Vacant land, which consisted of unusable land due to location, slope, or soil conditions accounts for 7.6% of the County's land. The remaining 1.92% may be considered developed (see Table 5.1). Table 5.1 Existing Land Uses (Estimated) Acres % Residential 1,450 0.80 Commercial 75 0.04 Industrial 45 0.03 Public/Semi-Public 100 0.05 Highways, Roads, R-O-W 2,050 1.20 SUB-TOTAL 3,720 2.00 (DEVELOPED) Agriculture Crops & 57,337 33.55 Pasture Forests Farms 31,349 18.34 Commercial 36,774 21.52 Federal 31,700 18.55 Vacant 10,000 5.85 SUB-TOTAL 167,160 98 (UNDEVELOPED) GRAND TOTAL 170,880 100.00 47 *Note that as of 1994, there were approximately 20,600 acres in Agricultural and Forestal Districts and 3,500 acres in conservation easement in Rappahannock County. Map No. 10: Agricultural/Forestal Districts shows the approximate location of the current Agricultural and Forestal Districts in the County. -
Scenic Landforms of Virginia
Vol. 34 August 1988 No. 3 SCENIC LANDFORMS OF VIRGINIA Harry Webb . Virginia has a wide variety of scenic landforms, such State Highway, SR - State Road, GWNF.R(T) - George as mountains, waterfalls, gorges, islands, water and Washington National Forest Road (Trail), JNFR(T) - wind gaps, caves, valleys, hills, and cliffs. These land- Jefferson National Forest Road (Trail), BRPMP - Blue forms, some with interesting names such as Hanging Ridge Parkway mile post, and SNPMP - Shenandoah Rock, Devils Backbone, Striped Rock, and Lovers Leap, National Park mile post. range in elevation from Mt. Rogers at 5729 feet to As- This listing is primarily of those landforms named on sateague and Tangier islands near sea level. Two nat- topographic maps. It is hoped that the reader will advise ural lakes occur in Virginia, Mountain Lake in Giles the Division of other noteworthy landforms in the st& County and Lake Drummond in the City of Chesapeake. that are not mentioned. For those features on private Gaps through the mountains were important routes for land always obtain the owner's permission before vis- early settlers and positions for military movements dur- iting. Some particularly interesting features are de- ing the Civil War. Today, many gaps are still important scribed in more detail below. locations of roads and highways. For this report, landforms are listed alphabetically Dismal Swamp (see Chesapeake, City of) by county or city. Features along county lines are de- The Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia, scribed in only one county with references in other ap- is about 10 to 11 miles wide and 15 miles long, and propriate counties. -
Virginia Department of Historic Resources
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM ................................................................................................................................................ 1. Name of Property ...................................................................-------------------------------------------------------------------===== historic name: Skyline Drive Historic District other namelsite number: N/A ........................................................................ 2. Location ........................................................................ street & number: Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) not for publication: - cityltown: Luray vicinity: x state: VA county: Albemarle code: VA003 zip code: 22835 Augusta VA015 Greene VA079 Madison VA113 Page VA139 Rappahannock VA157 Rockingham VA165 Warren VA187 -----------------------------------------------------=================== 3. Classification ........................................................................ Ownership of Property: publlcc'-~ederal Category of Property: district Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributing 8 buildings 3 sites 67 structures 1 objects 79 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: none Name of related multiple property listing: Historic Park Landscapes in National and State Parks ....................................................................... -
Shenandoah National Park Project Virginia
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT VIRGINIA White Oak Canyon UNITED STATES SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary In the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Arno B. Cammerer, Director national park in the Virginia section of the Blue Ridge Mountains was authorized by an act of Congress approv A ed May 22, 1926. The act specified that when title to 250,000 acres of a tract of land approved by the Secretary of the Interior should be vested in the United States, it would constitute a national park dedicated and set apart for the benefit and enjoyment of the people, and the Government would VIRGINIA STATE COMMISSION proceed with the installation of accommodations for visitors, ON the development of an adequate road and trail system, the CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT stocking of fishing streams, and the inauguration of an educa William E. Carson, Chairman tional service to acquaint the public with the historical back ground and natural beauty of this famous region. Upon the passage of the act, the State of Virginia, through its Commission on Conservation and Development, im mediately began the work of acquiring the money to purchase SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT the necessary land. This was a tremendous undertaking as the approved area was made up of thousands of parcels of privately VIRGINIA owned land. Funds were raised through State appropriations, contributions from citizens of Virginia, and from outside sources. The work moved forward with all possible expediency until the period of general depression set in, and it became increasingly difficult to obtain funds. -
The Battle of Front Royal Driving Tour
The “Wise Troop” quickly rode forward capturing the the protective stone wall that ran from Happy Creek on STOP 10: FAIRVIEW the east towards Rose Hill on the west. Union picket line without a shot being fired. The Federal Col. Kenly and the remainder of his command, in full Company of Marylanders stationed around the courthouse Directly ahead stands Rose Hill, the home of the delicate was completely unaware of the Southern advance. widow Richardson and her three young daughters. Her retreat toward Winchester and safety, was overtaken in We will proceed back on Browntown Road by making a only son, William, had been mortally wounded at the fields just south of here shortly after 6:00 P.M. by Lt. “Brother Against Brother” left. Follow it until it intersects with Route 340. Turn Williamsburg but a few weeks before the Battle of Front Col. Thomas Flournoy’s 6th Virginia Cavalry. The Battle right, heading towards town, and go through two Royal. of Front Royal would end here at Fairview. With Kenly stoplights. Make your first left onto Prospect Street. After the battle, Sue Richardson records in her diary,” defeated, Banks in Strasburg would finally realize that The Battle of Front Royal Follow this street into the cemetery. 1.5 miles to Stop 3 We all worked hard and fed hundreds of soldiers that ★ night…there was scarcely a spot in our house where there Jackson was threatening his left flank. Gen. Banks states STOP 3: PROSPECT HILL CEMETERY was not a bed or soldiers lying on the floor. Several in his official report, “Later in the evening dispatches from Driving Tour Here is a good vantagepoint. -
Welcome to Warren County, Virginia
Rivers of Opportunity– Mountains of Success Welcome to Where is Warren County? Warren County is centrally located in the Northern Warren County, Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. It is bordered by Frederick and Clarke Counties on the north, Fauquier and Virginia Rappahannock Counties on the east, Page County to the south, and Shenandoah County to the west. Warren Population: 38,829 County has a total land area of nearly 217.86 square miles. The rural part of the County contains 207.36 square miles and the Town of Front Royal covers 10.5 square miles. The Nestled in the Shenandoah Valley on the eastern edge of the Blue County is bounded by the Blue Ridge Mountains, which Ridge Mountains, Warren County's impressive mix of natural encompasses part of the Shenandoah National Park and beauty, history, small town allure and modern convenience make Skyline Drive on the east and the Massanutten Mountains, it an excellent place to raise a family or operate a business. which encompasses part of the George Washington Located at the confluence of the North and South Forks of the National Forest on the south and west. These two mountain renowned Shenandoah River, the County offers opportunities for ridges visually dominate the County’s landscape, looming boating, kayaking and canoeing from its many boat launches and is 1,000 to 2,900 feet over the central lowland. a premier freshwater fishing destination. Warren County is also the gateway to the Shenandoah National Park and Skyline Drive which provides spectacular views of the countryside, South Fork of the Shenandoah River, and George Washington National Forest. -
Luray & Page County
DESTINATION GUIDE Visit LURAY & PAGE COUNTY VIRGINIA Virginia’s Home to the Shenandoah National Park WELCOME Luray-Page County Chamber of Commerce & Visitor Center Page County is nestled between the Blue Ridge and Massanutten Mountains in a portion of the Shenandoah Valley known as the Page Valley. The County is comprised of the three towns of Luray, Stanley, and Shenandoah, each with its own downtown, boutique shops, mom-and-pop restaurants, and outdoor recreation. Home to picturesque farms, historic inns, and country roads, winding their ways to the base of the mountain ranges, there are breathtaking views around every turn. Outdoor recreation lovers will find everything they need for true peace and relaxation in the valley. Escape from the city to the Shenandoah River for canoeing, kayaking, or leisurely tubing. Discover the Shenandoah National Park for a hike along the Appalachian Trail or any number of other trails. Sit horseback or astride an ATV and as a guide points out tracks and views not attainable by foot or car. Head underground in the Luray Caverns to explore the limestone caves the Shenandoah Valley is known for or hop on your bike and cruise through the countryside; whatever your preference, Luray-Page has the paths that will take you to one-of-a-kind experiences and memories. Visit us online at visitluraypage.com 18 Campbell Street, Luray, VA 22835 Tel: (540) 743-3915 • Fax: (540) 743-3944 • Email: [email protected] • Open Daily 9 AM to 5 PM Marketing and editorial by Gina Hilliard, President, and Clancey Arnold, Membership Development & Investment Administrator; design by Page Marketing Solutions; printing by Progress Printing Plus; sunrise photo by Neal Lewis, SNP 2 540.743.3915 WELCOME 2 ATTRACTIONS 4 DINING 11 LODGING 14 SHOPPING 25 SUPPORT SERVICES 28 SPECIAL OCCASIONS 30 EVENTS 33 VisitLurayPage.com 3 ATTRACTIONS, RECREATIONS & ARTS Appalachian Adventures Caverns Country Club 3095 US Highway 211 East, Luray, VA 22835; (540) 743-7311 910 T.C. -
Railroad Building in Virginia (1827 to 1860)
Railroad Building in Virginia (1827 to 1860) Virginia History Series #10-08 © 2008 Major Railroads in Virginia (from 1827-1860) • Baltimore and Ohio (1827) – Winchester & Potomac (at Harpers Ferry) – Winchester & Strasburg • South Side or “Petersburg & -- North Western to Lynchburg RR” (1849-54) Parkersburg, WV • Richmond & Danville (1847-1856) • Manassas Gap (1850-54) • Petersburg & Roanoke (river in NC) • Orange & Alexandria (1848) (1833) -- Richmond & Petersburg (1838) • Virginia Central (1836) -- Blue Ridge (1858) • Norfolk and Petersburg (1853) • Virginia & Tennessee (1850s) • Seaboard & Roanoke (river in NC) or “Portsmouth and Weldon RR” (1835) • Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac to Alexandria (1834) & Fredericksburg & Charlottesville RR Major RR Routes in Virginia by 1860 Wheeling●, Ohio River Parkersburg ● ● Grafton Maryland & York RR+ + ++++++/ + Norfolk Stn + Petersburg & + Norfolk RR + + + + Suffolk Stn + + Bristol ● + + + + Norfolk & + Roanoke RR Weldon ■ On March 8, 1827, the Commonwealth of Virginia joined Maryland in giving the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road (B&O RR) the task of building a railroad from the port of Baltimore, MD West to a suitable point on the Ohio River. The railroad was intended to provide a faster route for Midwestern goods to reach the East Coast than the successful Erie Canal across upstate NY. Construction began on July 4th, 1828. It was decided to follow the Patapsco River to a point near where the railroad would cross the “fall line” and descend into the valley of the Monocacy and Potomac Rivers. Thomas Viaduct (on the B&O RR) spans the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley between Relay and Elkridge, MD (1833-35) It was the largest bridge in the nation and today its still the world's oldest multiple arched stone railroad bridge Further extensions of the B&O RR soon opened to Frederick and Point of Rocks on the Potomac river. -
Route 11(Valley Pike/Valley Avenue) Corridor Study
DRAFT ROUTE 11 (VALLEY PIKE/VALLEY AVENUE) CORRIDOR STUDY FINAL DRAFT REPORT From Battle Park Drive to Renaissance Drive Date Prepared by Prepared for Logo Logo Route 11 (Valley Pike / Valley Avenue) Corridor Study From Battle Park Drive to Renaissance Drive Existing Conditions and Future Volumes Report August 6, 2018 | Final Draft Prepared for Prepared by WSP USA 277 Bendix Road, Suite 300 Virginia Beach, VA 23452 ROUTE 11 (VALLEY PIKE/VALLEY AVE) CORRIDOR STUDY | From Battle Park Drive to Renaissance Drive DRAFT Table of Contents 3.6 Future Traffic Volumes ................................................................................................................................... 18 3.7 Future No Build Background Improvements .................................................................................................. 18 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 3.8 Intersection Operations: Future 2030 No-Build Conditions ........................................................................... 18 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 4 Safety Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 25 1.2 Purpose of Study .............................................................................................................................................. -
Nomination Form
NPS Form 10- 900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. Aug. 2002) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "xu in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "NIA"for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. I.Name of Property ........................................................................................................................................................................................... historic name Forestville Historic District other nameslsite number VDHR File No: 085-0405 2. Location .............................................................................................. street & number Intersection of Routes 42, 614, and 767 not for publication NIA city or town Forestville vicinity NIA state Virainia code VA county Shenandoah code 171 zip code 22847 3. StatelFederal Agency Certification ............................................................................................. -
Gettysburg 8X11.Pub
Fauquier County in the Civil War From 1861-1865, Fauquier County’s “hallowed grounds” were the site of twelve battles and count- less troop movements, raids, skirmishes, and en- Gettysburg campments. With its proximity to Wash- ington, DC, the county was key terri- Campaign tory in Union and Confederate strategy. In 1862 and 1863, General Robert E. Lee used Fauquier County to his advan- tage. The engage- Warrenton Courthouse,1862. ments at Rappahan- Photo by Timothy O’Sullivan. New nock Station I and York Historical Society collection. Thoroughfare Gap were indispensable to his victory at Second Manas- sas in August 1862, while the cavalry battles at Brandy Station, Aldie, Middleburg, and Upperville shielded Lee’s infantry as he commenced his sec- ond invasion of the North during the spring of 1863. After a fateful engagement in Gettysburg, Pennsyl- vania, Fauquier County’s role in the war changed. No longer the cradle of Confederate invasion, the battle lands of Manassas Gap, Auburn, Buckland Mills, and Rappahannock Station II were Lee’s path of retreat. Yet, much as Gettysburg did not end the war, Lee’s retreat was not the last that Fauquier County saw of Civil War soldiers. Throughout the Civil War, the “hallowed grounds” of Fauquier County were con- tested fields of battle. ■ June-July 1863 Goose Creek Bridge in 2008. Photograph by Garry Adelman. Gettysburg Campaign June-July 1863 Following a brilliant yet costly victory at Chancellorsville in May 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee set his sights, and his army, on a second invasion of the North. In June 1863, Lee moved his army north toward Pennsylvania.