Univerzita Pardubice Fakulta Filozofická Cesta Na Jih. Bohuslava

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Univerzita Pardubice Fakulta Filozofická Cesta Na Jih. Bohuslava Univerzita Pardubice Fakulta filozofická Cesta na jih. Bohuslava Kecková a její lékařská praxe v Mostaru 1893–1911 Filip Starý Diplomová práce Prohlášení Tuto práci jsem vypracoval samostatně. Veškeré literární prameny a informace, které jsem v práci využil, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. Byl jsem seznámen s tím, že se na moji práci vztahují práva a povinnosti vyplývající ze zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, zejména se skutečností, že Univerzita Pardubice má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy o užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona, a s tím, že pokud dojde k užití této práce mnou nebo bude poskytnuta licence o užití jinému subjektu, je Univerzita Pardubice oprávněna ode mne požadovat přiměřený příspěvek na úhradu nákladů, které na vytvoření díla vynaložila, a to podle okolností až do jejich skutečné výše. Souhlasím s prezenčním zpřístupněním své práce v Univerzitní knihovně. V Pardubicích 6.4.2019 Filip Starý Poděkování Rád bych poděkoval všem, kteří se na této práci podíleli. V první řade děkuji Mgr. Zuzaně Pavelkové Čevelové, Ph.D. za její ustavičnou pomoc a podporu při vedení, díky které práce dostala jasný směr a cíl. Dále bych rád poděkoval Mgr. Šárce Caitlín Rábové, prof. PhDr. Mi- leně Lenderové, CSc., doc. PhDr. Marii Mackové a Ph.D., Mgr. Vladanu Hanulíkovi, Ph.D. za cenné konzultace a dlouhodobou inspiraci. Děkuji všem institucím, které poskytly přístup do svých archivů a ochotně vyhověly všem požadavků, především děkuji Národnímu a Zdravot- nickému muzeu. Taktéž děkuji doc. PhDr Ladislavu Hladkému, CSc. a Ing. Janu Lutrýnovi, kteří ochotně a obsáhle pomohli při řešení konkrétních problémů. Poděkování patří i samotné Univerzitě Pardubice a možnostem veškerých zahraničních vý- jezdů, jež nepochybně ovlivnily směřování této práce. Velké poděkovaní patří rodině a přátelům, kteří poradili a poskytli podporu kdykoliv to bylo v jejich silách. Anotace Práce se zaměřuje na osud české úřední lékařky Bohuslavy Keckové a její působení v Bosně a Hercegovině v letech 1893–1911, kdy vykonávala lékařskou praxi zejména v prostředí turec- kých rodin. Díky tomu je možné pozorovat její konfrontaci se zcela jiným kulturním prostředím a pochopit důvody, které Dr. Keckovou vedly k působení na neznámém území po téměř dvě desetiletí. Cílem práce by také mělo být zkompletovat pozůstalost Bohuslavy Keckové, která zůstává stále nezmapována a také zachytit každodenní život a zkušenosti jedné z prvních čes- kých vysoce vzdělaných žen. Klíčová slova Ženy a medicína, Bohuslava Kecková, ženské vzdělání, lékařství, Bosna a Hercegovina Annotation This thesis aims to the life of Czech state doctor Bohuslava Kecková in the reflection of her medical practice in Bosnia and Hercegovina in the years 1892–1911. She worked inside the closed community of Muslim families. Due to her experience, we can observe her confrontation with a completely different cultural environment. We can try to understand the reason which drove her to operate in distant and unknown territory for almost two decades. The main ob- jective of this work is to gather all the possible resources and organize it, also capure daily life of Bohuslava Kecková and reflect her experience as one of the first Czech women which suc- cessfully achieved a university degree. Keywords Women and medicine, Bohuslava Keckova, female educaion, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 ÚVOD .............................................................................................................................. 10 2 PRAMENY ..................................................................................................................... 14 3 BOSNA A HERCEGOVINA ........................................................................................ 17 3.1 STALETÍ TURECKÉ NADVLÁDY .................................................................................. 17 3.2 POD KŘÍDLY RAKOUSKA-UHERSKA .......................................................................... 22 3.3 VELKÉ ZMĚNY ........................................................................................................... 23 3.4 VNÍMÁNÍ TURECKÉHO OBYVATELSTVA ..................................................................... 25 4 RAKOUSKO-UHERSKO ............................................................................................. 29 4.1 ÚŘEDNÍ LÉKAŘKY, ÚŘEDNÍCI A DALŠÍ PROFESE ......................................................... 29 4.2 ČESKÉ ŽENY A POČÁTKY JEJICH PŮSOBENÍ VE VEŘEJNÉM PROSTORU ........................ 34 5 BOHUSLAVA KECKOVÁ ........................................................................................... 37 5.1 CESTA ZA VZDĚLÁNÍM .............................................................................................. 37 5.2 PŘÍČINY CESTY .......................................................................................................... 41 5.3 AMERICKÝ KLUB DAM .............................................................................................. 44 5.4 PRVNÍ ČESKÁ LÉKAŘKA ............................................................................................ 45 5.5 JAZYK ....................................................................................................................... 46 5.6 BOSENSKOHERCEGOVINSKÁ SPOLEČNOST ................................................................. 47 6 KORESPONDENCE BOHUSLAVY KECKOVÉ A ELIŠKY KRÁSNOHORSKÉ 51 6.1 1890 ANEB ROK MINERVY ........................................................................................ 52 6.2 NÁSTUP DO SLUŽBY V ROCE 1893 ............................................................................. 53 6.3 1898 A PUBLIKAČNÍ ČINNOST DR. KECKOVÉ ............................................................. 56 6.4 OCENĚNÍ V ROCE 1899 .............................................................................................. 57 6.5 ROK 1902 A VZDĚLÁVACÍ ČINNOST ........................................................................... 58 6.6 1903 ANEB 10 LET OD NÁSTUPU DO PRAXE ............................................................... 59 7 DĚJINY ŽENSKÉHO LÉKAŘSTVÍ ........................................................................... 62 7.1 VNÍMÁNÍ ŽENSKÉHO TĚLA ........................................................................................ 64 8 LÉKAŘSKÁ PRAXE DR. KECKOVÉ ....................................................................... 68 8.1 DRUHY ZDRAVOTNÍCH OBTÍŽÍ ................................................................................... 71 8.2 OSTEOMALACIE ........................................................................................................ 72 9 VÝSLEDKY ................................................................................................................... 75 9.1 OBLASTI PŮSOBENÍ ................................................................................................... 79 9.2 PORODNICTVÍ ............................................................................................................ 81 10 LÉKAŘKY PŮSOBÍCÍ NA ÚZEMÍ BOSNY A HERCEGOVINY VE SLUŽBÁCH RAKOUSKA-UHERSKA ..................................................................................................... 87 10.1 ANNA BAYEROVÁ ..................................................................................................... 88 10.2 TEODORA KRAJEWSKA ............................................................................................. 89 10.3 JADWIGA OLSZEWSKA .............................................................................................. 91 11 PUBLIKAČNÍ ČINNOST ............................................................................................. 93 12 ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................................ 97 13 SEZNAM PRAMENŮ A LITERATURY ................................................................. 100 14 SEZNAM TABULEK .................................................................................................. 105 15 SEZNAM OBRAZOVÝCH PŘÍLOH ........................................................................ 106 16 OBRAZOVÉ PŘÍLOHY ............................................................................................. 107 17 SEZNAM ZKRATEK ................................................................................................. 114 18 RESUME ...................................................................................................................... 115 1 Úvod Tato práce sice pojednává o životě první české lékařky Bohuslavy Keckové, která působila ve službách Rakouska-Uherska na území Bosny a Hercegoviny v letech 1893–1911, ale ihned v úvodu je nutné nastínit směr samotného bádání. Jak podotýká již Denisa Nečasová ve svém příspěvku Dějiny žen či gender history? Možnosti, limity, východiska1, tak stav českého badání na poli genderu vykazuje specifické problémy, které by měly být řešeny postupně. Absence základního heuristického výzkumu v oblasti dějin žen zapříčinila snahy přeskočit rovnou ke genderovým trendům a otázkám západní historiografie. Zmiňme zde především druhou vlnu feminismu v čele s Betty Friedan2 a snahami navrátit ženu zpátky do historie. Vezmeme-li v po- taz, že se jednalo především o 70. a 80. léta 20. století, tak je patrné, že v socialistickém Čes- koslovensko nebylo jednoduché v akademických kruzích o tomto tématu volně diskutovat.3 Dějiny žen a gender history tak byly v českém prostředí nejasně promíchány a nepochopeny a
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