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Subject Index Index (unless species name stated otherwise, all index words apply to diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella) Symbols B 3-V strategy 230 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 3, 6, 17, 21, 29, 104, 109, 206, 14-deoxyandrographolide 134 294, 298, 302, 314 effects on eggs 109 A in Hawaii 295 Abamectin 18, 28, 75 in Victoria, Australia 294 AC303,630 19, 190 effect on Diadegma sp. 314 Acephate 104, 107 genetic traits of resistance 303 safety to Cotesia plutellae 107 resistance mechanisms 206 Acetylcholinesterase 201 stability of resistance 302 Action threshold 158 susceptibility due to stress factors 298 Agree® 67, 69 (see Bacillus thuringiensis) studies of inheritance 302 Agrotis ipsilon 3, 86, 173, 281 transgenic crops 23 Agrotis sp. 38 in IPM program 257 Agrotis ypsilon 3 (see Agrotis ipsilon) field resistance monitoring system 332 Allozymic polymorphism 322 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bta) 17, 107, 158, Alternative agriculture 10 295 Amaranthus 313 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 17, 288 Amaranthus viridis L. 233 Bacillus thuringiensis var. entomocidus HD-110 207 Aminocarb 28 Bacilex® 303 (see Bacillus thuringiensis) Amitus sp. 80 Barbarea vulgaris R. Br 90 Anaphaeis java 279 Basaris itea ex Australia 86 Andrographis paniculata 134 Bassaris itea F. 86, 279 antifeedant activity 136 Bean aphid (see Aphis fabae) Anopheles gambiae 221 Beauveria bassiana 17 Anti-resistance strategy 185 Beet armyworm (see Spodoptera exigua) Ants, Tapinoma melanocephalum 236 Bemisia argentifolii Apanteles eriophyes (Nixon) 56 biological control 78 Apanteles halfordi Ullyett 56 Benzoylureas Aphanogmus fijiensis (Ferrière) 58 in resistance management 227 Aphanogmus reticulatus 312 Berteroa incana (L.) D.C. 90 Aphid development Biobit® 104, 314, 332 (see Bacillus thuringiensis) on brassica species/cultivars 288 Biodynamic farming 7 Aphidoletes aphidimyza 284 Biological control 8, 21, 26, 71 Aphids in Benin 312 population score 37 in Central Kenya 37 Aphis fabae 19, 173 in Indonesia 262 Apis mellifera 174 in Kenya 47 Argyropylax sp. 263 in Malaysia 71 Argyrotaenia velutinana 173 in New Zealand 85, 279 Arrhenotokous in Philippines 67, 267 in Diadromus collaris 58 in Vietnam 44 Artificial diet 343 Biologically-based technologies 249 Artogeia rapae 258 (see Pieris rapae) Biorational insecticides 178 Asexuality Bioresmethrin 28 in parasitoids 58 Black rot 326 (see Xanthomonas campetris pv. Autographa californica 114 campestris) Autosomal 303 Bleparipa (=Sturmia) 263 Avermectin (see abamectin) Botanical insecticides 26, 69 Azadirachta indica 137, 262, 298 Brachymeria apantelesi 47 Azadirachtin 50, 298 Brachymeria excarinata Gahan 63 Brachymeria sp. 57 Brassica campestris var. toria 233 Brassica campestris var. sarson 233 Brassica juncea 251 Brassica kaber (D.C.) Wheeler 90 Brassica napus L. 90 Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra 158 Brassica oleracea var. capitata 37 Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 298 Subject Index 351 Brassicaceae Cotesia plutellae 56, 62, 85, 123, 244 cultivated and wild plants 58 adult emergence 343 origin 58 adult longevity 343 Brevicoryne brassicae 3, 37, 69, 284 development 85 Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) developmental time 343 binding assays 207 eggs per female 343 Busseola fusca (Fuller) 56 host specificity 85 mass rearing 343 C oviposition 85 Cabbage (see Brassica oleracea var. capitata) sex ratio 343 Cabbage cluster caterpillar (see Crocidolomia pavonana) Cotesia rubecula 279 Cabbage white butterfly (see Pieris rapae) establishment and dispersal 281 calco red dye 343 host specificity 279 Callosobruchus chinensis 137 impact 281 Camponotus sericeus 236 release and recovery 279 Capparis mitchelli 279 Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) 58 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. 90 Crocidolomia binotalis 3, 69, 87, 158, 262 Carbofuran 317 Crocidolomia pavonana 139, 165, 168, 228 Carbosulfan 104 Crop health 326 Carducia plutella 47 Crop hygiene 230 Cartap 28 Crop monitoring 230 Cartap hydrochloride 104 Crop residues 326 Center grub (see Hellula hydralis) Crop rotation 22, 326 Ceraphron manilae 62 Crop-free period 19 Chelonus curvimaculatus (Cameron) 56 Cross resistance 21, 23, 317 Chelonus sp. 56 Crotolaria striata 251 Chemical control Crucifer pests in Kenya 47 issues 3 Chenoppodium album L. 90 management strategies 3 Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) 56 trends 3 Chinese kale (see Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) Crucifer-free period 22 Chlorfenapyr 21, 189 Cultural Control 19 Chlorfluazuron 28, 211 Cultural practices 26 carboxyamidase activity 212 Cyanide 29 In vivo metabolism 211 Cydia pomonella 173 resistance 211 Cypermethrin 6, 28, 298 response to sex pheromone 212 Cyromazine Chlorpyriphos 104 effect of Oomyzus sokolowski 101 Cholinesterase (ChE) genotypes 318 D Cholinesterase (ChE) insensitivity 318 Chromatomyia horticola 4 Damage rating Chromosomal translocations 339 on head cabbage 295 Chromosome aberrations 339 Danaus plexippus L. 281 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. 90 Daucus carota L. 90 Chrysocharis parksi 5 DDT 28 Chrysodeixis eriosoma Doubleday 87 Degenerate primers 221 Chrysonotomyia punctiventris 5 Derris root extracts 26 Chrysoperla rufilabris 260 Developmental velocity 148 Clarias batrachus 323 Diacrisia urticae Esp. 87 Clean cultivation 19 Diadegma (=Inareolata) sp. Cleome rutidosperma (D and C) 336 in West Java , Indonesia 262 Cloned genes Diadegma insulare role in insecticide resistance 221 fecundity 91 Clubroot 326 longevity 91 Cluster caterpillar (see Spodoptera litura) nectar-collecting behaviour 91 Cocktail spray 326 no-choice tests 91 Cocktails of insecticides 29 ovipositional behaviour 91 Commercial insectary 259 relationship between flower structure 91 Corcyra cephalonica Stainton 87 Diadegma molliplum (=Stellenboschensis Cameron) 47 Cotesia orobenae 174 Diadegma semiclausum 4, 25, 30, 67, 123, 244 Cotesia glomerata 279 Diadegma sp. 38, 47, 56 Cotesia kazak (Telenga) 58 Diadromus (=Thyraella) collaris 57, 62, 236 Diadromus spp. 18 Diafenthiuron 21, 268 Diaretiella rapae 38 Diarsia intermixta 86, 87 Diarsia intermixta ex Australia 86 352 Proceedings: The Management of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests Diazinon 28 Forecasting 145, 152 DICARER WG37.5 185 Fungicides 6 Dichlorvos 28, 104 Fusarium sp. 18 Dieldrin 21, 28 Diflubenzuron 28 G Diglyphus begini 5 Gall midge (see Aphidoletes aphidimyza) Diglyphus intermedius 5 Galleria mellonella 114, 328 Dimethoate 28 Gamma HCH 28 R Dipel 299, 300 (see Bacillus thuringiensis) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 195 Diplazon sp. 47 Ganaspidium hunteri 5 Downy mildew (see Peronospora parasitica) Genetic distance 322 Drosophila melanogaster 221 Genetic markers 79 Drosophila simulans 221 Genetic similarity (I) 322 E Genetic variations 322 GIFAP 224 Ecological farming 7 Gliricidia sepium 69 Economic threshold levels 26, 29, 73 Glutathione S-transferases 219 Effective microorganisms (EM) 7 Granulosis virus 113 Emamectin 21 Graphania mutans 86, 281 Emamectin benzoate 171, 178 Graphania ustistriga 86 cross resistance 174 field efficacy 174 H mode of action 171 Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael) 56 photostability 174 Habrobracon hebetor (Say) 56 potency 172 Halticus tibialis 139 resistance management 174 Hand-picking 263 spectrum of activity 172 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium distribution 322 translaminar movement 174 Helicoverpa armigera 28, 58, 86, 262, 281 Encarsia sp. nr. pergandiella 79, 80 Helicoverpa spp. 228 Endosulfan 21 Helicoverpa virescens 306 Entomopathogenic nematodes 328 Helicoverpa zea 173 desiccation 328 Heliothis virescens 109, 171, 173, 190, 300, 319 solar radiation 328 Hellula hydralis 228 temperature 328 Hellula sp. 262 Entomophthora sphaerosperma Fres 47, 54 Hellula undalis 3, 69, 87, 139, 158, 178, 251, Enzyme assay 296, 335 Cholinesterase activity 318 adult activity 335 Epilachna varivestis 172, 173 attractancy to sticky trap 336 Epiphyas postvittana 86, 281 daily activity pattern 336 Eretmocerus sp. 79 daily trap catches 336 Eretmocerus sp. nr. mundus 80 light trap 337 Eriborus sinicus 263 sex pheromone E11, E13-11,13-hexadecadienal 335 Erigonidium spp. 196 (see spiders) with age 336 Erynia radicans 251 (see Zoophthora radicans) Hemiteles sp. 47 Erysimum cheiranthoides L. 90 Heterorhabditis indicus 328 Euplectrus laphygmae 312 Heterorhabditis sp. 328 Eurytoma sp. 58 Hidden costs of pesticides 9 Eurytoma verticillata 62 Hockeria sp. 57, 58 Extension model 230 Host plant resistance 284 F Hoverfly (Syrphidae) on aphids 38 Farmer empowerment 32 Hymenia recurvalis 87 Farmer Field Schools (FFS) 4, 255 Hypera postica 58 Farmer participatory action research (PAR) 8 Hyperparasitoids 57, 62 Farmer participatory research 230 Hyphantria cunea 87 Farmers' attitudes 270 Feeding preference 295 I Fenoxycarb 21 (see INSEGAR®) Icerya purchasi 26 Fenvalerate 28, 104 Imported cabbage (see Pieris rapae) Fipronil 21, 195 Inareolata (=Diadegma) argenteopilosa 262 biological efficacy 196 Incomplete dominance 318, 319 impact on beneficials 195 Indian mustard (see Brassica juncea) Fipronil+tebufenozide 189 Indigenous brassicas 58 Flea beetle (see Phyllotreta spp) Infective juveniles (ijs) 328 Flight tunnel tests 88 Inherited sterility 130, 251, 339 Florbac® 158 (see Bacillus thuringiensis) Inhibition test 318 Food sources 90 Insect growth regulators (IGRs) 29 Subject Index 353 Insect zoo 32 Mass releases Insecticide - mixtures 104 Cotesia plutellae 68 Insecticide resistance 17, 28, 31, 219, 233, 260, Mating competitiveness 130, 251 290, 302 Mating disruption 19 in southern Australia 290 Mating success 339 in Western Australia 293 Meligethes aeneus 139 to permethrin 290 Mendelian inheritance
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