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Pest and Diseases in Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) J
PEST AND DISEASES IN MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) J. González-Fernández, J.I. Hormaza IHSM la Mayora CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo, Malaga, Spain EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this work, we review the most important pests and diseases that affect mango production worldwide as well as the main measures implemented to control them. Pests and diseases are the main factors that can impact sustainable mango fruit production in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Commercial cultivation of mango, characterized by expansion to new areas, changing crop management, replacement of varieties and increased chemical interventions, has altered significantly the pest and disease community structure in this crop in the different mango producing regions. In addition, climate change is inducing the emergence of new pests and, whereas globalization and trade liberalization have created wide opportunities for mango commercialization growth, at the same time, this can result in faster dispersion of pests and diseases among different mango growing areas if proper sanitary measures are not implemented. This review covers different topics related to pests and diseases in mango. First, a thorough description of the main pests and diseases that affect mango is provided. Second, the different approaches used in different mango producing countries for chemical and biological control are described. Third, recommendations for appropriate mango management techiques that include integrated pest and disease management, reduction in the use of chemicals and the implementation of a good monitoring and surveillance system to help control the main pests and diseases, are also discussed. Finally, the current knowledge on agrohomeopathy and Korean Natural Farming is analyzed and recommendations on future lines of research to optimize mango pest and disease control are discussed. -
Identification of Insects, Spiders and Mites in Vegetable Crops: Workshop Manual Loopers Chrysodeixis Spp
Important pests in vegetable crops This section gives descriptions of common pests found in Australian vegetable crops. They are listed according to the insect order they belong to. Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) Heliothis (corn earworm, tomato budworm, native budworm) Helicoverpa spp. Heliothis larvae feed as leaf eaters and bud and fruit borers on a wide range of plants, including many weeds. Adults lay round, domed, ribbed eggs that are cream when newly laid, turning brownish (‘brown ring’ stage) as they mature. Larvae grow up to 40 mm long and vary in colour from green through yellow and brown to almost black, with a pale stripe down each side. The moths have a wing span of 35–45 mm. Heliothis moth at rest These are some examples of heliothis damage to vegetable crops: • On lettuce and brassicas, larvae feed on the outer leaves or tunnel into the heart of the plant. • In tomato crops, eggs are laid on the leaves, flowers and fruit. Young larvae burrow into flowers causing them to fall and they cause pinhole damage to very young tomato fruit. Older larvae burrow into the fruit, creating holes and encouraging rots to develop. • In capsicum, larvae feed on the fruit and the seed inside the fruit. Eggs are laid mainly on leaves, but also on flowers and buds. Heliothis eggs on tomato shoot • In sweet corn, eggs are laid on the silks and leaves. Larvae feed on the developing grains on the cob, sometimes on the leaves and often inside the tip of the corn cob. • In green beans and peas, the larvae feed on the flowers, pods and developing seed inside the pods. -
Field Instructions for The
FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE URBAN INVENTORY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 2017 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS RESOURCE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION USDA FOREST SERVICE Note to User: URBAN FIA Field Guide 7.1 is based on the National CORE Field Guide, Version 7.1. Data elements are national CORE unless indicated as follows: • National CORE data elements that end in “+U” (e.g., x.x+U) have had values,codes, or text added, changed, or adjusted from the CORE program. Any additional URBAN FIA text for a national CORE data element is hi-lighted or shown as an "Urban Note". • All URBAN FIA data elements end in “U” (e.g., x.xU). The text for an URBAN FIA data element is not hi- lighted and does not have a corresponding variable in CORE. • URBAN FIA electronic file notes: • national CORE data elements that are not applicable in URBAN FIA are formatted as light gray or light gray hidden text. • hyperlink cross-references are included for various sections, figures, and tables. *National CORE data elements retain their national CORE field guide data element/variable number but may not retain their national CORE field guide location or sequence within the guide. pg.3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 11 SECTION 1.1 URBAN OVERVIEW. .11 SECTION 1.2 FIELD GUIDE LAYOUT . 12 SECTION 1.3 UNITS OF MEASURE . 12 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . 13 SECTION 2.1 PLOT SETUP . 15 SECTION 2.2 PLOT INTEGRITY . 15 SECTION 2.3 PLOT MONUMENTATION . 15 ITEM 2.3.0.1 MONUMENT TYPE (CORE 0.3.1U) . -
Preliminary Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids Associated with Mango Leafminer Acrocercops Syngremma (Meyrick) [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] from India
Asian Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences Vol. 2(2), April 2017: 43-44 Website: www.crsdindia.com/ajals.html e-ISSN: 2455-6149 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Preliminary survey of Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with Mango Leafminer Acrocercops syngremma (Meyrick) [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] from India Zubair Ahmad1, Hamed A. Ghramh2 and Arshad Ali3 1Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, K.S.A. 2Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, K.S.A. 3Department of Zoology, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, India Email: [email protected] Received: 5th Jan. 2017, Revised: 14th March 2017, Accepted: 16th March 2017 ABSTRACT A preliminary survey of parasitoids of the mango leafminer Acrocercops syngremma (M.) of India is carried out. Seven species of hymenopteran parasitoids were recognized in this study. Microgastrinae sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is recorded for the first time from A. syngremma from India. Key words: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Microgastrinae, Leafminer INTRODUCTION Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is national fruit of India and known as ‘King of fruits’ due to its wide adaptability, excellent taste, exotic flavor, exemplary nutritive value, richness in variety, attractive colour, appearance and popularity among the masses (Ananth, 2016). It occupies relatively the same position in the tropical region as is enjoyed by apple in temperate region. The fruit is utilized both in its immature and mature stages. Raw fruits are used for making chutney, pickles and juices. The ripe fruits also utilized for preparing several products like squashes, syrups, nectars, jams and jellies. Nearly 250 insect and mite pests attack the tree in different stages. -
FUNCTIONING of a COMMUNITY of LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEMBORERS and ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING the FALL ARMYWORM INVASION in KENYA Bonoukpé Mawuko
FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OF LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEMBORERS AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING THE FALL ARMYWORM INVASION IN KENYA Bonoukpé Mawuko To cite this version: Bonoukpé Mawuko. FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OF LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEM- BORERS AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING THE FALL ARMYWORM INVA- SION IN KENYA. Life Sciences [q-bio]. Nairobi University, 2020. English. tel-03093686 HAL Id: tel-03093686 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03093686 Submitted on 6 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OF LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEMBORERS AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING THE FALL ARMYWORM INVASION IN KENYA BONOUKPOÈ MAWUKO SOKAME A80/52426/2017 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CROP PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AND CROP PROTECTION FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Soutenance le 26/11/2020 2020 DECLARATION I, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, duly declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree or any award in any other University. Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame Signature: … Date: …26/11/2020………………………… This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. -
Field Guide to Pests, Beneficials, Diseases and Disorders of Mangoes
E D I U G D L E I F Pests, Beneficials, Diseases and Disorders of Mangoes PDF View, search and navigate This PDF has been created specifically for on-screen display, e-mail, and internet use. SCREEN VIEW The page view of this electronic document has been automatically set to ‘Fit Screen Page’ and viewed as facing pages. To view as single pages go to: VIEW tab > Select PAGE LAYOUT > Choose Single page. Viewing options can be modified using the shortcut keys below. SHORTCUT KEYS ACTION Ctrl+0 (Zero) FIT PAGE Ctrl+M Zooms to selected sizes Ctrl+L FULL SCREEN MODE SEARCH OPTIONS Ctrl+F Search for keywords or terms Shortcuts provided may vary depending on software installed on your computer. NAVIGATION BOOKMARKS - The Bookmark panel located on the left hand side can be used to jump to topic destinations in the PDF (just click on bookmark listing). QUICK LINKS - Topics listed on the contents page have quick links and when clicked on will take you directly to the topic page. PRINT OPTIONS For optimal print it is recommended that this document is printed double sided on A4 paper (select portrait and flip on long edge settings), set your print page scaling to ‘Fit to Printer Margins'. Ctrl+P To Print Choose File > Print Setup (Windows) or File > Page Setup (Mac OS) choose A4 paper size, page orientation (portrait), and other general printing options including instructions mentioned above. Print options will vary on diffferent printers and drivers being used. FIELD GUIDE to Pests, Beneficials, Diseases and Disorders of Mangoes December 2010 Northern Territory Government Department of Resources GPO Box 3000, Darwin NT 0801, AUSTRALIA © Copyright, Northern Territory Government 2010 Disclaimer While all care has been taken to ensure that information contained in this booklet is true and correct at the time of publication, the Northern Territory of Australia gives no warranty or assurance, and makes no representation as to the accuracy of any information or advice contained in this publication, or that it is suitable for your intended use. -
Diseases of Mango in Myanmar
Diseases of Mango In Myanmar Sr. Pathogen Common name Order Family Source 1 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Anthracnose Melanconiales Melanconiaceae Current List (Asexual) 2 Glomerella cingulata Current List (Sexual) Anthracnose Sphaeriales Glomerellaceae 3 Powdery Oidium mangiferae Moniliales Moniliaceae Current List Mildew 4 Denticularia mangiferae Scab Melanconiales Melanconiaceae Current List 5 Capnodium mangiferae Sooty Mould Capnodiales Capnodiaceae Current List 6 Lasiodiplodia Stem End Rot Sphaeropsidales Sphaeropsidaceae Current List theobromae 7 Botryosphaerea parva Stem End Rot Sphaeropsidales Sphaeropsidales Current List 8 Phomopsis mangiferae Stem End Rot Sphaeropsidales Sphaeropsidaceae Current List 9 Pestalotiopsis Grey leaf spot Moniliales Dematiaceae Current List mangiferae 10 Leaf spot, Fruit Alternaria alternata Moniliales Dematiaceae Current List rot 11 Cladosporium sp. Leaf spot Anamorphic Fungi - Current List 12 Current List, Aspergillus niger Black mold Moniliales Dematiaceae CPC 2007 13 Gonatofragmium Zonate leaf spot Moniliales Dematiaceae Current List mangiferae 14 Curvularia sp. Leaf sopt Moniliales Dematiaceae Current List 15 Sphaeropsidaceae Cytosphaera mangiferae Leaf spot Sphaeropsidales Current List 16 Fusarium moniliforme Malformation Hypocreales Nectriaceae Current List 17 Scolecostigmina Stigmina leaf Moniliales Dematiaceae Current List mangiferae spot 18 Cephaleuros virescens Algal leaf spot Trentepohliales Trentepohliaceae Current List 19 Diaporthe sp Leaf spot Diaporthales - Current List 20 Helicotylenchus -
Spinosad Controls a Range of Lepidopteran Pests in Crucifers in Australia
The management of diamondback moth and other crucifer pests Spinosad controls a range of lepidopteran pests in crucifers in Australia Paul Downard Dow AgroSciences (Australia) Ltd, Locked Bag 502 Frenchs Forest NSW 1640, Australia [email protected] Abstract Spinosad is one of the most widely used products for control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in Australia. Since the launch of Success* Naturalyte* in 1999, it has rapidly gained wide acceptance in all crucifer growing areas of the country. This has occurred, not only because spinosad is highly effective against diamondback moth, but because it also controls several other important lepidopteran pests such as heliothis (Helicoverpa spp.), cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae), cabbage centre grub (Hellula hydralis) and cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana) at rates which provide growers with excellent value for money. Spinosad is highly active against loopers (Chrysodeixis spp.) and affords some control of cluster caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). There is no diamondback moth resistance to spinosad in Australia, the product has a favourable toxicological profile and it is selective to a range of beneficial predators and parasitoids. The value of insect control is best gauged by assessing the quality of produce at harvest of the crop. In a small scale trial, a crop of broccoli infested with P. rapae, P. xylostella, S. litura and C. pavonana received a programme of six applications of spinosad at 7-10 day intervals. Spinosad at 48 g ai/ha resulted in 97.2% marketable heads, not significantly different (P>0.05) from the standard, prothiophos, at 750 g/ha which gave 100% marketable heads. -
Potential of Parasitoids for the Control of Cabbage Moth in Augmentative Releases
OF t5- ll-ö POTENTIAL OF PARASITOIDS FOR THE CONTROL OF CABBAGE MOTH IN AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES Herminanto M.S. (The University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in the Department of Applied and Molecular Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, Adelaide University November 1995 Revised September 2001 ll TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DECLARATION v ABSTRACT vi ACKNOWLEDMENTS vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERÄTTJRE .... 8 2.L Introduction 8 2.2 The cabbage moth (Plutelln xylostelaL.) 10 2.2.I Introduction 10 2.2.2 Biology t2 2.2.3 Control measures 2t 2.3 Role of parasitoids in insect pest management 4I 2.3.I Introduction ....... 4L 2.3.2 Utilisation of parasitoids ..... 42 2.3.3 Classical biological control 43 2.3.4 Augmentation 47 2.3.5 Conservation 55 2.4 The parasitoid Cotesìn plutellae Kurdjumov 60 2.4.I Introduction 60 2.4.2 Morphology and life history 6I 2.4.3 Host range 6t 2.4.4 Hyperparasitoids ...... 63 2.5 The parasitoid Díadegma semiclausun Helen 63 2.5.1 Introduction 63 2.5.2 Morphology and life history 63 2.5.3 Host range 65 i 2.5.4 Hyperparasitoids 65 I lll 3.0 EFFBCTIVEI{ESS OF PARASITOIDS AT VARIOUS PARASITOID DENSITIES AGAINST DIFFERENT HOST INSTARS 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Materials and Methods 68 3.2.1 Insect source 68 3.2.2 Parasitoid effectiveness 68 3.3 Results and Discussion 72 3.3.1 Rate of parasitism 72 3.3.2 Killing capacity 75 3.3.3 Searching efficiency 79 3.3.4 Number of encounters 80 4.0 EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATLTRES PARASITISATION, DEVELOPMENT, SLZE AND FECITNDITY OF PARASITOIDS 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Materials and Methods ...... -
Field Instructions for the Urban Inventory of San
FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE URBAN INVENTORY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA & PORTLAND, OREGON 2018 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS RESOURCE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION USDA FOREST SERVICE Note to User: URBAN FIA Field Guide 7.2 is based on the National CORE Field Guide, Version 7.2. Data elements are national CORE unless indicated as follows: • National CORE data elements that end in “+U” (e.g., x.x+U) have had values,codes, or text added, changed, or adjusted from the CORE program. Any additional URBAN FIA text for a national CORE data element is hi-lighted or shown as an "Urban Note". • All URBAN FIA data elements end in “U” (e.g., x.xU). The text for an URBAN FIA data element is not hi- lighted and does not have a corresponding variable in CORE. • URBAN FIA electronic file notes: • national CORE data elements that are not applicable in URBAN FIA are formatted as light gray or light gray hidden text. • hyperlink cross-references are included for various sections, figures, and tables. *National CORE data elements retain their national CORE field guide data element/variable number but may not retain their national CORE field guide location or sequence within the guide. pg.3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 11 SECTION 1.1 URBAN OVERVIEW. .11 SECTION 1.2 FIELD GUIDE LAYOUT . 12 SECTION 1.3 UNITS OF MEASURE . 12 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . 13 SECTION 2.1 PLOT SETUP . 15 SECTION 2.2 PLOT INTEGRITY . 15 SECTION 2.3 PLOT MONUMENTATION . 15 ITEM 2.3.0.1 MONUMENT TYPE (CORE 0.3.1U) . -
[email protected]
Import Health Standard Commodity Sub-class: Fresh Fruit/Vegetables Mango, Mangifera indica from Thailand ISSUED Issued pursuant to Section 22 of the Biosecurity Act 1993 Date Issued: 7 October 1999 1 NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION ORGANISATION The New Zealand national plant protection organisation is the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and as such, all communication should be addressed to: Director, Plants Biosecurity Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry PO Box 2526 Wellington NEW ZEALAND Fax: 64-4-474 4240 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.maf.govt.nz 2 GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR ALL PLANT PRODUCTS All plants and plant products are PROHIBITED entry into New Zealand, unless an import health standard has been issued in accordance with Section 22 of the Biosecurity Act 1993. Should prohibited plants or plant products be intercepted by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the importer will be offered the option of reshipment or destruction of the consignment. The national plant protection organisation of the exporting country is requested to inform the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of any change in its address. The national plant protection organisation of the exporting country is required to inform the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of any newly recorded organisms which may infest/infect any commodity approved for export to New Zealand. Pursuant to the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, proposals for the deliberate introduction of new organisms (including genetically modified organisms) as defined by the Act IHS Fresh Fruit/Vegetables. Mango, Mangifera indica from Thailand (Biosecurity Act 1993) ISSUED: 7 October 1999 Page 1 of 14 should be referred to: Manager, Operations Environment Risk Management Authority PO Box 131 Wellington NEW ZEALAND Also note: In order to meet the Environmental Risk Management Authority's requirements the scientific name (i.e. -
The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia
The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia: Distribution, Importance and Origin D.F. Waterhouse (ACIAR Consultant in Plant Protection) ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Canberra AUSTRALIA The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MO'lOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or deemed relevant to ACIAR's research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for 1I1lernational Agricultural Resl GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Waterhouse, D.F. 1993. The Major Arthropod Pests an Importance and Origin. Monograph No. 21, vi + 141pI- ISBN 1 86320077 0 Typeset by: Ms A. Ankers Publication Services Unit CSIRO Division of Entomology Canberra ACT Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, 5 Evans Street, Burwood, Victoria 3125 ii Contents Foreword v 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3 3. Contributors 5 4. Results 9 Tables 1. Major arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 10 2. The distribution and importance of major arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 27 3. The distribution and importance of the most important arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 40 4. Aggregated ratings for the most important arthropod pests 45 5. Origin of the arthropod pests scoring 5 + (or more) or, at least +++ in one country or ++ in two countries 49 6.