Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: East Africa Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda
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Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: East Africa Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda November 2011 About the Adaptation Partnership The Adaptation Partnership was formed in May 2010 Review of Current in response to a recognized need for development practitioners to share information and lessons on and Planned adaptation efforts. Chaired by Costa Rica, Spain and the United States, the goal of the partnership is to encourage effective adaptation by serving as an Adaptation Action: interim platform to catalyze action and foster communication among the various institutions and East Africa actors engaged in the effort to scale up adaptation and resilience around the world, particularly in the context of fast start finance. The Partnership is synthesizes lessons learned and good practices, highlighting needs and priorities, and identifying opportunities for cooperation and alignment of support to build resilience to the adverse effects of Contributing Authors: climate change. It is also enhancing communities of Hilary Hove, Daniella Echeverría, practice engaged in the adaptation effort. Jo-Ellen Parry Adaptation Partnership International Institute for Sustainable Development Website: http://www.adaptationpartnership.org/ Foreword In response to a growing awareness of the potential adverse effects of climate change and the particular vulnerability of developing countries to this process, a significant increase in adaptation action has been witnessed in recent years in Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean. These actions are providing opportunities to: increase understanding of the implications of climate change for the achievement of development objectives in the near and long terms; identify strategies and measures that can be taken to reduce climate vulnerability; communicate and build awareness of climate risks, opportunities and potential solutions; and begin implementing actions on the ground that build capacity to adapt to a changing climate. Although the recent global upsurge in adaptation action is a welcome development, the emergence of a diverse array of efforts initiated by multiple actors within numerous jurisdictions has the potential to create confusion, lead to duplication of effort and limit the potential for sharing good practice guidance based on past efforts. Enhanced coordination among expanding networks of adaptation actors is needed to ensure resources are deployed quickly and effectively. To this end, the Adaptation Partnership was formed in 2010. Chaired by Costa Rica, Spain and the United States, the goal of the Adaptation Partnership is to encourage effective adaptation by serving as an interim platform to catalyze action and foster communication among the various institutions and actors engaged in the effort to scale up adaptation and resilience around the world. Toward this goal, the Adaptation Partnership initiated a Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action in the fall of 2010. Its purpose is to provide a baseline understanding of who is doing what on adaptation in three developing regions—Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean—and in priority adaptation sectors. Based on available resources, it seeks to provide a rapid assessment of: priority interests and adaptation needs; efforts by governments to support adaptation though policy and planning; the scope of international support for adaptation efforts in different countries and sectors; and potential gaps in adaptation efforts at the country and regional levels. This document is one of 12 regional profiles completed as a contribution to the Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action in Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean. It presents a review of current and planned adaptation action in East Africa, covering the following nine countries: Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. The review first provides an overview of adaptation action at a regional level, highlighting commonalities and differences between these countries. The appendices that follow discuss adaptation action taking place in each country. ii Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: East Africa Table of Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... ii Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 Climate Projections ................................................................................................................................... 8 4.0 Needs and Priorities within East Africa ............................................................................................... 11 5.0 Assessment of Adaptation Action within East Africa ....................................................................... 14 5.1 Regional Level Action......................................................................................................................................................... 14 5.2 National Level Action ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.3 Communities of Practice .................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.0 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................. 26 References .................................................................................................................................................... 42 Appendices: Country Profiles ........................................................................................................................ 48 1.0 Burundi .................................................................................................................................................... 55 2.0 Djibouti .................................................................................................................................................... 64 3.0 Eritrea .................................................................................................................................................... 73 4.0 Ethiopia .................................................................................................................................................... 83 5.0 Kenya .................................................................................................................................................. 104 6.0 Rwanda .................................................................................................................................................. 128 7.0 Somalia .................................................................................................................................................. 142 8.0 United Republic of Tanzania ............................................................................................................... 148 9.0 Uganda .................................................................................................................................................. 170 iii Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: East Africa Abbreviations and Acronyms ACCCA Advancing Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation program AAP Africa Adaptation Program AGRA Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa APCCC Africa Partnership on Climate Change Coalition ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa BMLMTE Burundi Ministry of Land, Mines, Tourism and the Environment BMWELMUP Burundi Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning BMZ German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development BMU German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany CAN-U Climate Action Network Uganda CCAA Climate Change Adaptation in Africa project CCCI Cities and Climate Change Initiative CC-DARE Climate Change Adaptation and Development Initiative CCMAP Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation into Development Planning CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical CLACC Capacity Strengthening of Least Developed Countries for Adaptation to Climate Change COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COMIFAC Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale DEFRA U.K. Department of Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs DFID U.K. Department for International Development DMHUEAT Djibouti Ministry of Housing, Urban Planning, the Environment and Land Management DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo EAC East African Community EMWR&NMA Ethiopia Ministry