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The Great Green Wall Initiative: 2011-2017 Achievements and Challenges to the 2030 Path Special Edition

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The Great Green Wall Initiative: 2011-2017 Achievements and Challenges to the 2030 Path Special Edition AGENCE PANAFRICAINE DE LA GRANDE MURAILLE VERTE PAN-AFRICAN AGENCY OF CHOS THE GREAT GREEN WALL de la MAGAZINe d’iNFORGMVMATION - NEWS MAGAZINE -JUIN/JUNE 2018 N° 001 THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH SPECIAL EDITION GESTION DURABLE DES TERRES ET ECONOMIE VERTE • CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, DEVELOPPEMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE & GOUVERNANCE DANS LES TERROIRS • SYSTÈME D’INFORMATION, OBSERVATOIRE , ALERTE PRECOCE & REPONSE • RECHERCHE D’ACCOMPAGNEMENT & DEVELOPPEMENT COMMUNICATION, MARKETING & PLAIDOYER ———————————————————————————————— LAND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & GREEN ECONOMY • CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & GOUVERNANCE IN TERRORS • INFORMATION SYSTEM, MONITORING, EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE • RESEARCH OF SUPPORT & DEVELOPMENT• COMMUNICATION, MARKETING & ADVOCACY 2016-2020 Strategy Programs and projects portfolio BP: 5059 Nouakchott – Mauritanie Tel: +222 45 25 56 88 Site Web: www.grandemurailleverte.org BP: 5059 Nouakchott – Mauritanie Tel: +222 45 25 56 88 Site Web: www.grandemurailleverte.org Published by : Pan-African Agency of the Great Green Wall Member States National Focal Points Adama DOULKOM, Houssein RIRACH, Editor-in-chief MOGOS.G Abebe SEIFU, Kouloutan Prof. Abdoulaye DIA COULIBALY, Sidi Mohamed LEHLOU, Abdou MAISHAROU, Ahmad GONI, Executive Secretary Pape Waly GUEYE, Abdellazim IBRAHIM, Ahmat Mahamat HAGGAR Chief Editor Abakar Mahamat ZOUGOULOU Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ethiopie, Erythrée, Mali, Scientific & Technical Director Mauritanie, Niger, Nigéria, Sénégal, Soudan, Tchad Directeur Scientifique et Technique Scientific & Technical Director Graphic design and layout Editorial board Financial & Administrative Director Amadou Mamane BAKO Communication, Marketing & Advocacy Officer Mahamadou COULIBALY Assitant of Executive Secretary Aïssata WAGUÉ Planning, Monitoring/Evaluation, Information Management & Documentation Web page: Marcelin SANOU IT Assistant Hawa DIAGANA Research-Accompanying & Development Aminata CORRERA Dépôt légal 021/2018 - Tiré en 500 exemplaires/Printed in 500 copies THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 9 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 12 FIRST PART: GGW INITIATIVE: CONTEXT, CONCEPTUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ANOPERATIONAL STRATEGY 14 KEY MESSAGES 15 INTRODUCTION 16 CHAPTER I: OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL, CLIMATE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE SAHELO-SAHELIAN BAND (SSB) 18 1.1.SAHELO-SAHELIAN BAND (SSB) CONCEPT 19 1.2.ENVIRONMENTAL, CLIMATE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF SSB 20 CHAPTER II: GGWI CONTEXT, CONCEPTUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 24 2.1.INTRODUCTION 25 2.2.PROBLEMATIC AND CONTEXT OF GGWI 26 2.3. SHARED VISION AND OBJECTIVES 31 2.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 32 2.5 INITIATIVE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND GOVERNANCE 38 CHAPTER III: OPERATIONAL STRATEGY OF GGWI 43 INTRODUCTION 44 3.1. OPERATIONAL APPROACH 45 3.2. GLOBAL HARMONIZED STRATEGY (GHS) 45 3.3. Logical framework approach 50 CHAPITRE IV. FUNDING AND STRATEGY FOR RESOURCE MOBILIZATION 66 4.1. STRATEGIES FOR RESOURCE MOBILIZATION 67 4.2. DOMESTIC RESOURCES 67 4.3. EXTERNAL RESOURCES 69 CHAPTER V: RISKS IN IMPLEMENTING THE GGW INITIATIVE 73 PART II: IMPLEMENTATION OF GGWI: STATUS OF 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES ON THE 2030 PATH 76 INTRODUCTION 77 CHAPITRE I :PAN AFRICAN AGENCY OF THE GREAT GREEN WALL ACHIEVEMENTS 78 4 THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH 1.1. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 79 1.2. CAPACITY BUILDING 80 1.3. MOBILIZATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES 80 CHAPTER II. ACHIEVEMENTS IN MEMBER STATES 82 INTRODUCTION 83 I. BURKINA FASO 85 1.CONTEXT 86 2.OVERVIEW OF KEY ACHIEVEMENTS FROM 2011 TO 2017 91 3.ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 98 4. DEVELOPED FUNDING AND PARTNERSHIPS 99 5. CONSTRAINTS 105 6. POST 2017 PERIOD 105 CONCLUSION 106 II. DJIBOUTI 107 Executive summary 100 1.CONTEXT 108 2-OVERVIEW OF KEY ACHIEVEMENTS FROM 2011 TO 2017. 110 3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE GGW 113 4.FUNDING AND DEVELOPED PARTNERSHIPS 113 5. CONSTRAINTS 113 6. PERSPECTIVE 113 III. ERITREA 115 1.CONTEXT 116 IV. ETHIOPIA 118 1.CONTEXT 119 2. ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN THE GGW ROUTE 122 3.SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 124 4.FUNDING AND PARTNERSHIP FUNDING 124 5.Constraints and challenges 125 6.POST PERSPECTIVES FOR PERIOD 2017 125 V. MALI 127 Executive Summary 128 5 THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH 1.CONTEXT 128 2. OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES ACHIEVED 131 3.SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS 134 4.OTHER ACTIVITIES 135 5.FUNDING AND DEVELOPED PARTNERSHIPS 135 6.Constraints 136 7.2020 PERSPECTIVE 137 VI. MAURITANIA 139 Executive Summary 140 1.CONTEXT 140 2. OVERVIEW OF ACHIEVEMENTS 142 3.SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 145 4. FUNDING AND DEVELOPED PARTNERSHIPS 145 5.CONSTRAINTS 146 6.POST 2015 PERIOD (2016-20) 147 VII. NIGER 149 Executive Summary 150 1.CONTEXT 150 2.OVERVIEW OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF 2011-2017 155 3.SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS 157 4.MOBILIZED FUNDING AND DEVELOPED PARTNERSHIPS 159 5.CONSTRAINTS 164 6.PERSPECTIVES 165 VIII. NIGERIA 166 Executive Summary 167 1.CONTEXT 167 2. OVERVIEW OF MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE GGW ROUTE 169 3.SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 176 4.MOBILIZED FUNDING AND DEVELOPED PARTNERSHIPS 176 5.PLANNED TARGETED ACTIVITIES (2016 - 2020) 177 CONCLUSION 178 IX. SENEGAL 179 Executive Summary 180 1.CONTEXT 180 6 THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH 2.OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES ACHIEVED 183 3.SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 187 4.OTHERS 188 5. FUNDING AND DEVELOPED PARTNERSHIPS 188 6.CONSTRAINTS 189 7.POST 2015 period (2016-2020) 189 X. SUDAN 191 Executive summary 192 1.CONTEXT 192 2. OVERVIEW OF MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE GGW ROUTE 196 3.SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 198 4.CAPACITY BUILDING: TRAINING, CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS 198 5.DEVELOPED FUNDING AND PARTNERSHIP (DFP) 198 6.CONSTRAINTS 199 7.PERSPECTIVES 199 CONCLUSION 201 XI. CHAD 202 Executive Summary 203 1.CONTEXT 203 2.OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES ACHIEVED 207 3.SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS 213 4.PARTNERSHIP AND FUNDING OF SHARES 214 5.CONSTRAINTS 216 6.POST PERSPECTIVES 2015 (2016-2017) 216 CONCLUSION 217 PART III: CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS OF THE MEMBER STATES 219 7 THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH INTRODUCTION 220 CHAPTER I GGWI CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE MANAGEMENT 222 CHAPTER II GGWI CONTRIBUTION TO FIGHT AGAINST DESERTIFICATION 227 CHAPTER III GGWI CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 230 CHAPTER IV CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES 234 CHAPTER V GGWI CONTRIBUTION TO SOIL SECURITY AND MIGRATION FLOW MANAGEMENT CHAPTER VI RESOURCES MOBILZATION ON IMPLEMENTING THE RIO CONVENTIONS AND SDGS 241 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES 245 REFERENCES 247 APPENDICES 251 APPENDIX I :Dates of signature, ratification and establishment of national GGW structure by country. 251 Appendix II : Basic indicators of GGW member countries 252 APPENDIX III : Indicative lists of plant species adapted to the climatic conditions of the Great Green Wall route in 11 countries 253 8 THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE: 2011-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TO THE 2030 PATH FOREWORD The current context in the Sahel-Saharan Band is clearly dominated by recurrent issues of desertification, land degradation and climate change. The acuteness and the importance of these challenges and their impacts on ecosystems, communities, and local populations in terms of sustainable management of natural resources, adaptation and resilience to climate change, socio-economic development of soils, as well as management of migratory flows and securing Sahelian lands remain at the heart of the concerns of Sahel-Saharan states and particularly those south of the Sahara. This difficult and persistent situation in the Sahel amply justifies the priority that African leaders and the entire international community attach to the effective and efficient management of these challenges in the Sahel-Saharan band (SSB). By creating the Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI), the Heads of State and Government of the South Sahara countries, who are among the hardest hit by this situation, have echoed the distress call of the Sahelian band population and their local communities’ soils and the international community call. It is a matter of creating and implementing a strong and united African alliance through the Great Green Wall Initiative to tackle climate and environmental challenges together. The GGWI is the demonstration of leadership, change in basic assumptions and strategies of approach of the Sahel-Saharan band states to face the environmental and climatic and socio-economic development issues. It is also the result of a new concept and an innovative instrument for the sustainable management of natural capital, adaptation, and resilience to climate change of communities and local populations through regional cooperation built on the principles of solidarity and cooperation of actions. It is also a model for integrated development and local governance of Sahel soils. To seal and strengthen this alliance and to demonstrate their commitment to the proper implementation of the GGW Initiative, the Heads of State and
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