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N. 1 Janeiro / Abril 2020 25 ISSN 0103-2178 (impressa) ISSN 2238-3824 (eletrônica) Faculdade de Letras Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais V.25 n . 1 Janeiro / Abril 2020 CALIGRAMA REVISTA DE ESTUDOS ROMÂNICOS V. 25 - N. 1 Jan.-Abr. 2020 Editores convidados: Rômulo Monte Alto (Fale/UFMG) Gonzalo Espino Reluce (Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas/ UNMSM/Peru) ISSN 0103-2178 CALIGRAMA Belo Horizonte v. 25 n. 1 p. 1-164 jan-abr. 2020 COMISSÃO EDITORIAL Aléxia Teles Duchowny Anna Palma Larissa Santos Ciríaco Laureny Aparecida Lourenço da Silva Maria Juliana Gambogi Teixeira CONSELHO EDITORIAL Ana Maria Chiarini (UFMG) Maria Célia Lima-Hernandes (USP/CNPq) Célia Marques Telles (UFBa/CNPq) Maria del Carmen Daher (UFF/CNPq) César Nardelli Cambraia (UFMG/CNPq) Maria Eugênia Olímpio de Oliveira (UFBA) Elisa Maria Amorim Vieira (UFMG) Maria Juliana Gambogi Teixeira (UFMG) Graciela Ravetti (UFMG/CNPq) Maria Maura Cezario (UFF/CNPq) Haydée Ribeiro Coelho (UFMG/CNPq) Mariangela Rios de Oliveira (UFF/CNPq) Ida Lucia Machado (UFMG/CNPq) Martine Kunz (UFC) João Bosco Cabral dos Santos (UFU) Mirta Groppi (USP) Leda Maria Martins (UFMG/CNPq) Pedro Ramos Dolabela Chagas (UESB) Leila de Aguiar Costa (UNIFESP) Leonardo Francisco Soares (UFU) Raquel Meister Ko. Freitag (UFS/CNPq) Lilián Guerrero (UNAM) Rita de Cássia Ribeiro de Queiroz (UEFS) Lineide do Lago S. Mosca (USP) Roberto Mulinacci (U. degli Studi di Bologna) Lúcia Castello Branco (UFMG/CNPq) Roberto Vecchi (Univ. degli Studi di Bologna) Lúcia Fulgêncio (UFMG) Sara Rojo (UFMG/CNPq) Magnólia Brasil (UFF) Saulo Neiva (Université Clermon Ferrand II) Manoel Mourivaldo Santiago-Almeida (USP/CNPq) Sebastião C. Leite Gonçalves (UNESP-SJRP/CNPq) Márcia Arbex (UFMG/CNPq) Sérgio Romanelli (UFSC) Márcia Paraquett (UFBA) Silvia Inés Cárcamo de Arcuri (UFRJ) Marcos Antônio Alexandre (UFMG) Vera Lúcia de C. Casa Nova (UFMG/CNPq) Maria Antonieta A. de M.Cohen (UFMG/CNPq) Walter Carlos Costa (UFSC/CNPq) Secretaria: Stéphanie Paes Projeto de capa: Philippe Enrico Diagramação: Alda Lopes Revisão: Marcos Alexandre dos Santos, Marina Lilian Pacheco, Denise Campos, Ytalo Andrade, Ana Cláudia Dias Rufino. Revisão de inglês: João Victor Pessoa Rocha, Isabela Lee e Raquel Rossini. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelas bibliotecárias da FALE/UFMG Caligrama: revista de estudos românicos, v. 1, dez. 1988 - . Belo Horizonte, MG : Faculdade de Letras da UFMG il. ; 22cm Título anterior: Estudos Românicos, 1981-1985, n. 1-3. Periodicidade semestral, a partir do v. 15, n. 1, jan/jun. 2010 Periodicidade quadrimestral, a partir do v. 23, n. 1, jan./abr. 2018 ISSN: 0103-2178 1. Línguas românicas – Estudo e ensino – Periódicos. 2. Literatura românica – História e crítica – Periódicos. I. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Letras. CDD: 440.05 Faculdade de Letras da UFMG Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais / Brasil Sala 4003 - Fone: (31) 3409-6009 e-mail: [email protected] Número temático: Estudos andinos e amazônicos A região andina difere de sua matriz latino-americana em razão de duas marcas bem definidas, a persistência de uma matriz econômica subdesenvolvida de base extrativa voltada para a exportação de matérias primas, assentada sobre uma sociedade que se estratificou em classes mediante um processo perverso que juntou o critério econômico com o racial, gerando um imaginário que naturalizava a exploração humana e ambiental. Desse modo, um histórico de violências atravessou a história dessa região, produzindo um conjunto de iniquidades que se pode rastrear desde sua formação colonial e foram objetos de estudo de vários estudiosos em distintas disciplinas. Assim, partindo da consciência da colonialidade do poder (Aníbal Quijano) que revela a natureza das condições de base que sustentam as estruturas de poder, assim como da heterogeneidade em conflito (Antonio Cornejo Polar), porque constitutiva dos sujeitos em permanente mutação, como princípios fundantes da necessidade de descolonizar práticas e imaginários concretos, é que nos acercamos à região andina como projeto de estudo e campo de articulação específico, convidando os estudiosos e pesquisadores dessa região, em especial, e outras cujas narrativas geram ressonâncias nas leituras que procuram descolonizar os olhares e práticas seculares, a apresentar artigos acadêmicos. Os editores S U M Á R I O DOSSIÊ: ESTUDOS ANDINOS E AMAZÔNICOS The Aesthetics of Hunger: A Postcolonial Reading of Violence in Latin America A estética da fome: uma leitura pós-colonial de violência na América Latina Willyam Vinícius Thums . 7 Entre túnicas de seda e nativos, “O bálsamo”: corpos amazônicos “quase” seduzidos Between Silk Tunics and Indigenous People, “O bálsamo”: “Almost” Seduced Amazon Bodies Linda Maria de Jesus Bertolino Rogério da Silva Lima . 29 “Yo no sabía si amaba más al puente o al río”: torções ontoepistemológicas em José María Arguedas “I Didn’t Know If I Loved More the Bridge or the River”: Ontoepistemological Twists on José María Arguedas Chryslen Mayra Barbosa Gonçalves ..................... 45 Inscrever o acontecimento, transmitir a recordação: espaços recordantes de Ayacucho Inscribe the Event, Transmit the Memory: Ayacucho’s Remembering Spaces Carla Dameane Pereira de Souza . 67 “Vanguardismo andino” más allá de Perú “Andean avant-garde” Beyond Peru María Lucila Fleming Irene Noemí López ................................... 95 O narrador de Los ríos profundos e suas relações com a heterogeneidade e a melancolia The Narrator of Los ríos profundos and Its Relations with Heterogeneity and the Melancholy Elayne Castro Correia ................................ 111 A Río Fugitivo de Edmundo Paz Soldán: uma cidade distópica? The Río Fugitivo of Edmundo Paz Soldán: A Dystopian City? Graciela Ravetti Eulálio Marques Borges ............................... 135 Lo “fantástico andinizado”: de la mitología andina a lo fantástico en El Ekeko de Jorge Eduardo Benavides The “fantástico andinizado”: From the Andean Mythology to the Fantastic Genre in El Ekeko by Jorge Eduardo Benavides Erwin Snauwaert .................................... 151 Caligrama, Belo Horizonte, v. 25, n. 1, p. 7-28, 2020 The Aesthetics of Hunger: A Postcolonial Reading of Violence in Latin America A estética da fome: uma leitura pós-colonial de violência na América Latina Willyam Vinícius Thums Georgetown University, Georgetown, Washington DC / United States [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-2790 Abstract: This study addresses Lope de Aguirre’s Letter to the King as one of the innumerous materials that relates to the aesthetics of hunger in Glauber Rocha’s work. The writing of the letter itself is a document of resistance through Andean as well as Amazonian territories: against institutional power, religious values, justice, and corruption. In doing so, the letter shares the main characteristics present in the works of art produced by Glauber Rocha during Cinema Novo. This means that the aesthetics of hunger should be understood as an atemporal response to historical and structural violence, instead of an aesthetical phenomenon limited to the context of Cinema Novo in Brazil. In more practical terms, this investigation identifies the mechanisms of the aesthetics of hunger in Lope de Aguirre’s Letter to the King. It demonstrates that such aesthetics is a collective recurrent phenomenon in Latin America’s history since its colonization. The aesthetics of hunger, thus, contests not only the work of art in the 20th century through Cinema Novo, or the tradition of foundational documents (travel chronicles) in the late 1400s and early 1500s, but most importantly, it allows literary criticism to approach the matter of hunger as a counterpoint to – not a form of subjugation by – (post)colonial practices. Keywords: hunger; Andean; Amazonian; violence; Latin America. eISSN: 2358-9787 DOI: 10.17851/2358-9787.25.1.7-28 8 Caligrama, Belo Horizonte, v. 25, n. 1, p. 7-28, 2020 Resumo: Este estudo aborda a Carta de Lope de Aguirre ao Rei como um dos inúmeros materiais que dialogam com a estética da fome na obra de Glauber Rocha. A redação da carta em si mesma é um documento de resistência nos territórios andinos e amazônicos: contra o poder institucional, valores religiosos, justiça e corrupção. Portanto, a carta compartilha as principais características presentes nas obras de arte produzidas por Glauber Rocha durante o Cinema Novo. O que isto significa é que a estética da fome deve ser entendida como uma resposta atemporal à violência histórica e estrutural, em vez de um fenômeno estético limitado ao contexto do Cinema Novo no Brasil. Em termos mais práticos, esta investigação identificará os mecanismos da estética da fome na Carta de Lope de Aguirre ao Rei. A análise em questão demonstra que tal estética é um fenômeno recorrente e coletivo na história da América Latina desde sua colonização. A estética da fome, portanto, contesta não apenas a obra de arte do século XX através do Cinema Novo, ou a tradição de documentos fundacionais (crônicas de viagem) no final de 1400 e início de 1500, mas permite, para além disso, que a crítica literária aborde a questão da fome como um contraponto a – não uma forma de subjugação por – práticas (pós)coloniais. Palavras-chave: fome; andinos; amazônicos; violência; América Latina. The initial writing of travel diaries in the New World was decisive for the increase of European power, and its global dominance expansion. The crafting of such documents not only communicated the Eurocentric morals, and colonial visions, but also helped
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