DOCSLIB.ORG

Desk Study & Ground Investigation Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Desk Study & Ground Investigation Report DESK STUDY & GROUND INVESTIGATION REPORT Ford Used Vehicles 245 Finchampstead Road Wokingham RG40 3JS Client: Think Ford Wokingham Engineer: Mason Navarro Pledge J18007 April 2018 Ford Used Vehicles, 245 Finchampstead Road, Wokingham, RG40 3JS Desk Study and Think Ford Wokingham Ground Investigation Report Document Control Ford Used Vehicles, 245 Finchampstead Road, Project title Project ref J18007 Wokingham, RG40 3JS Report prepared by Susie Marley BSc FGS Geotechnical Engineer Report checked by Juliet Fuller Associate Director Approved for issue by Steve Branch BSc MSc CGeol FGS FRGS Managing Director Issue No Status Amendment Details Date Approved for Issue 1 Final 19 April 2018 This report has been issued by the GEA office indicated below. Any enquiries regarding the report should be directed to the office indicated or to Steve Branch in our Herts office. ✓ Hertfordshire tel 01727 824666 [email protected] Nottinghamshire tel 01509 674888 [email protected] Geotechnical & Environmental Associates Limited (GEA) disclaims any responsibility to the Client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of this work. This report has been prepared with reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the Client and taking account of the manpower, resources, investigation and testing devoted to it in agreement with the Client. This report is confidential to the Client and GEA accepts no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report or any part thereof is made known, unless formally agreed beforehand. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. This report may provide advice based on an interpretation of legislation, guidance notes and codes of practice. GEA does not however provide legal advice and if specific legal advice is required a lawyer should be consulted. This report is intended as a Ground Investigation Report (GIR) as defined in BS EN1997-2, unless specifically noted otherwise. The report is not a Geotechnical Design Report (GDR) as defined in EN1997-2 and recommendations made within this report are for guidance only. © Geotechnical & Environmental Associates Limited 2018 Ref J18007 i Issue No 1 19 April 2018 Ford Used Vehicles, 245 Finchampstead Road, Wokingham, RG40 3JS Desk Study and Think Ford Wokingham Ground Investigation Report CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Part 1: INVESTIGATION REPORT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Proposed Development 1 1.2 Purpose of Work 2 1.3 Scope of Work 2 1.4 Limitations 3 2.0 THE SITE 3 2.1 Site Description 3 2.2 Site History 4 2.3 Other Information 5 2.4 Geology 6 2.5 Hydrology and Hydrogeology 7 2.6 Preliminary Risk Assessment 7 3.0 EXPLORATORY WORK 8 3.1 Sampling Strategy 9 4.0 GROUND CONDITIONS 10 4.1 Made Ground 10 4.2 Bagshot Formation 10 4.3 Groundwater 11 4.4 Gas Monitoring 11 4.5 Soil Contamination 12 4.6 Groundwater Analysis 14 Part 2: DESIGN BASIS REPORT 5.0 INTRODUCTION 16 6.0 GROUND MODEL 16 7.0 ADVICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17 7.1 Spread Foundations 17 7.2 Shallow Excavations 17 7.3 Ground Floor Slab 18 7.4 Effect of Sulphates 18 7.5 Contamination Risk Assessment 18 8.0 OUTLINE REMEDIATION PROPOSALS 21 9.0 WASTE DISPOSAL 22 10.0 OUTSTANDING RISKS AND ISSUES 23 APPENDIX Ref J18007 ii Issue No 1 19 April 2018 Ford Used Vehicles, 245 Finchampstead Road, Wokingham, RG40 3JS Desk Study and Think Ford Wokingham Ground Investigation Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This executive summary contains an overview of the key findings and conclusions. No reliance should be placed on any part of the executive summary until the whole of the report has been read. Other sections of the report may contain information that puts into context the findings that are summarised in the executive summary. BRIEF This report describes the findings of a desk study and ground investigation carried out by Geotechnical and Environmental Associates Limited (GEA) on the instructions of Mason Navarro Pledge, on behalf of Think Ford Wokingham, with respect to the redevelopment of an existing filling station to form a new car sales showroom. The proposals include the demolition of the existing pumps and canopy, the portakabins in the north and the small garage in the west, and the construction of a single storey double height showroom adjacent to the existing shop. The purpose of the investigation has been to research the history of the site with respect to possible contaminative uses, to determine the ground conditions and hydrogeology, to provide an indication of the extent of contamination and to provide information to assist with the design of suitable foundations. SITE HISTORY The earliest map studied, dated 1872, shows the site to be undeveloped. By 1933 a rectangular structure appears to have been constructed in the west of the site, although was no longer present by 1964. The site was labelled as a garage by 1977 and a rectangular building had been constructed in the centre of the site, with a smaller outbuilding located to the southwest and two possible fuel pumps in the east of the site. By 1990, these buildings had been demolished and the existing shop and canopy had been constructed. The existing Ford car sales building to the south of the site had also been constructed and the site surroundings have since remained essentially unchanged. An aerial photograph dated 1999 shows the existing filling station shop and canopy to be present. The existing temporary structures to the north of the shop are assumed to have been established at some time after 1999. GROUND CONDITIONS The investigation has generally confirmed the expected ground conditions in that, beneath a moderate thickness of made ground, the Bagshot Formation was encountered and extended to the maximum depth investigated at 5.45 m. The made ground generally comprised brown silty sandy gravel and sandy gravelly clay including fragments of brick, concrete, tarmac and ceramic and extended to depths of between 0.60 m (61.34 m OD) and 0.90 m (60.90 m OD). The Bagshot Formation initially consisted of soft becoming firm orange-brown mottled grey sandy clay to depths of between 1.75 m (59.68 m OD) to 2.00 m (59.57 m OD), generally becoming medium dense orange-brown slightly clayey sand to depths of between 3.30 m (58.13 m OD) and 3.90 m (58.04 m OD), beneath which grey clayey sand extended to the full depth of investigation. In Borehole No 2 the soil was notably grey and malodourous between 1.00 m (60.57 m OD) and 2.80 m (58.77 m OD). Elevated concentrations of volatile organic compounds were recorded in the soil with a vapour detector between depths of 2.00 m (59.57 m OD) and 3.00 m (58.77 m OD) in Borehole No 2, advanced adjacent to a buried fuel tank. Groundwater was encountered at depths of between 1.40 m (60.17 m OD) and 3.10 m (58.95 m OD) during drilling and has subsequently been measured at depths of between 0.55 m (60.88 m OD) and 0.75 m (60.82 m OD) during monitoring of the standpipes. Elevated concentrations of contaminants have not been measured in the soil, although asbestos in the form of chrysotile has been detected in a single sample of the made ground. Elevated concentrations of total phenols, total PAH, in particular naphthalene, and TPH have been detected in the groundwater from Borehole No 2 and an elevated concentration of nickel has been detected in the sample of groundwater from Borehole No 1. RECOMMENDATIONS For the anticipated light to moderate loads from the new structure, spread foundations bearing in the firm sandy clay or medium dense clayey sand of the Bagshot Formation are likely to be suitable and may be designed to apply a net allowable bearing pressure of 120 kN/m2 at a minimum depth of 1.00 m. Groundwater is likely to be encountered at a relatively shallow depth and will need to be controlled. Contamination testing has indicated hydrocarbon contamination to be present in the groundwater in proximity to the buried tanks. Nickel has also been detected in the groundwater in the south of the site although the exact source is unknown. Groundwater remediation is likely to be required and the buried tanks will need to be decommissioned and probably removed. In view of the hydrocarbon odours detected it will be prudent to install a vapour-proof membrane. Ref J18007 iii Issue No 1 19 April 2018 Ford Used Vehicles, 245 Finchampstead Road, Wokingham, RG40 3JS Desk Study and Group One Automotive Ground Investigation Report Part 1: INVESTIGATION REPORT This section of the report details the objectives of the investigation, the work that has been carried out to meet these objectives and the results of the investigation. Interpretation of the findings is presented in Part 2. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Geotechnical and Environmental Associates Limited (GEA) has been commissioned by Mason Navarro Pledge, on behalf of Think Ford Wokingham, to carry out a desk study and ground investigation at the site of Ford Used Vehicles, 245 Finchampstead Road, Wokingham, RG40 3JS. 1.1 Proposed Development It is understood that it is proposed to redevelop the existing filling station site for use as a used car pavilion, to supplement the existing adjacent Ford car sales showroom to the south. Planning permission is understood to have been granted for the scheme by Wokingham Borough Council in December 2017 (planning application reference number 172812) and is subject to planning conditions. This report has been prepared in order to provide information for the full or partial discharge of Condition No 5, which addressed contamination.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A CRITICAL EVALUATION of the LOWER-MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD of the CHALK UPLANDS of NORTHWEST EUROPE Lesley
    A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE LOWER-MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE CHALK UPLANDS OF NORTHWEST EUROPE The Chilterns, Pegsdon, Bedfordshire (photograph L. Blundell) Lesley Blundell UCL Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD September 2019 2 I, Lesley Blundell, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 3 4 Abstract Our understanding of early human behaviour has always been and continues to be predicated on an archaeological record unevenly distributed in space and time. More than 80% of British Lower-Middle Palaeolithic findspots were discovered during the late 19th/early 20th centuries, the majority from lowland fluvial contexts. Within the British planning process and some academic research, the resultant findspot distributions are taken at face value, with insufficient consideration of possible bias resulting from variables operating on their creation. This leads to areas of landscape outside the river valleys being considered to have only limited archaeological potential. This thesis was conceived as an attempt to analyse the findspot data of the Lower-Middle Palaeolithic record of the Chalk uplands of southeast Britain and northern France within a framework complex enough to allow bias in the formation of findspot distribution patterns and artefact preservation/discovery opportunities to be identified and scrutinised more closely. Taking a dynamic, landscape = record approach, this research explores the potential influence of geomorphology, 19th/early 20th century industrialisation and antiquarian collecting on the creation of the Lower- Middle Palaeolithic record through the opportunities created for artefact preservation and release.
    [Show full text]
  • 227 10 SD01 Licence Strategy Template
    Mole Abstraction licensing strategy February 2013 A licensing strategy to manage water resources sustainably Reference number/code LIT 3097 We are the Environment Agency. It's our job to look after your environment and make it a better place - for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are making your environment cleaner and healthier. The Environment Agency. Out there, making your environment a better place. Published by: Environment Agency Horizon House Deanery Road Bristol BS1 5AH Tel: 0370 8506506 Email: [email protected] www.environment-agency.gov.uk © Environment Agency All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Environment Agency Mole CAMS 1 Map 1 Mole CAMS (Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy) area Back 2 Environment Agency Mole CAMS Foreword Kent and South London (KSL) is home to six million people and covers an area of 6,000km² with a diverse range of environments and related pressures. Proposed growth will continue to stretch the resources available to support this increasing population. Water is our most essential natural resource, and it is our job to ensure that we manage and use it effectively and sustainably. KSL is one of the driest parts of England and Wales and there are many catchments where there is little or no water available for abstraction during dry periods. Demand from agriculture and industry, and above average household consumption all add to this pressure and affect both the water environment and fresh supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stratigraphical Framework for the Palaeogene Successions of the London Basin, UK
    The stratigraphical framework for the Palaeogene successions of the London Basin, UK Open Report OR/12/004 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN REPORT OR/12/004 The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used The stratigraphical framework for with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. the Palaeogene successions of the Licence No: 100017897/2012. London Basin, UK Key words Stratigraphy; Palaeogene; southern England; London Basin; Montrose Group; Lambeth Group; Thames Group; D T Aldiss Bracklesham Group. Front cover Borehole core from Borehole 404T, Jubilee Line Extension, showing pedogenically altered clays of the Lower Mottled Clay of the Reading Formation and glauconitic sands of the Upnor Formation. The white bands are calcrete, which form hard bands in this part of the Lambeth Group (Section 3.2.2.2 of this report) BGS image P581688 Bibliographical reference ALDISS, D T. 2012. The stratigraphical framework for the Palaeogene successions of the London Basin, UK. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/12/004. 94pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of London, UK
    Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 123 (2012) 22–45 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pgeola Review paper Geology of London, UK a, b,c d e c Katherine R. Royse *, Mike de Freitas , William G. Burgess , John Cosgrove , Richard C. Ghail , f g h i j k Phil Gibbard , Chris King , Ursula Lawrence , Rory N. Mortimore , Hugh Owen , Jackie Skipper a British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK b First Steps Ltd, Unit 17 Hurlingham Studios, London SW6 3PA, UK c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK d Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK e Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK f Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK g 16A Park Road, Bridport, Dorset, UK h Crossrail Ltd. 25 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LQ, UK i University of Brighton & ChalkRock Ltd, 32 Prince Edwards Road, Lewes BN7 1BE, UK j Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK k Geotechnical Consulting Group (GCG), 52A Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BE, UK A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: The population of London is around 7 million. The infrastructure to support this makes London one of the Received 25 February 2011 most intensively investigated areas of upper crust. However construction work in London continues to Received in revised form 5 July 2011 reveal the presence of unexpected ground conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Mapping in Urban Areas
    3 8 3 勿 R A E llison, S J B ooth and P J Strange G eological m apping in urban areas The B G S exp erience in London B ased on a p ap er p resented at the International C onference on G eoscience in U rban D evelop m ent (L andp lan IV) 11- 15 A ugust 1993, B eijing, C hina The B ritish G eological Survey has established the tively leading to better interpretation of ground conditions and pre- L O C U S (L O ndon C om p uterised U nderground and Sur- diction of potential geological hazards. H ow ever, the potential value of sound geological know ledge in underpinning planning and urban face) geological p roject, w hose aim is to p rovide geo- regeneration issues has been largely underplayed, and the benefits of logical m ap s and interp reted datafor London. The resul- detailed understanding of the relevant geological factors, for the tant high-quality m odel has alrea办 p roved valuable in m ost part, have not been fully realised. C ostly rem edial w ork during con s tr u ction caused by unfore- p rojects rangingf rom the site-specif c to strategic over- seen geological factors is not uncom m on in the L ondon region, and v ie i认 the variability of strata below London has been a source ofe ngineer- T h e p erceived requirem entfor geological inform a- Ing difficulty dating back to the first tunnel under the Tham es, built tion in urban areas is to supp ort land-use p lanning, by B runel in 1825.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorset AONB Management Plan 2014-2019
    DOrseT AreA Of OuTstandiNg NaturAL BeAuTy A frAMework fOr The fuTure AONB MANAgeMeNT Plan 2014 - 2019 Contents OUR VISION 2 4. POLICY FRAMEWORK 26 1. INTRODUCTION 5 4A. NATURAL BEAUTY & HERITAGE 30 What is an area of outstanding natural Beauty? 6 4a.1 LANDSCAPe QUALITY 31 this ManageMent Plan 9 4a.2 BIODIVERSITY 38 Key challenges for the dorset AONB 10 4a.3 GEODIVERSITY 50 Key concePts Within this Plan 13 4a.4 COAST & SEA 56 2. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 16 4a.5 HISTORIC & BUILT ENVIRONMent 62 contrast and diversity – a MicrocosM of 4a.6 CULTURAL landscaPe 72 england’s finest landscaPes 17 4B. LIVING, WORKING & ENJOYING 78 Wildlife of national and international significance… 18 4B.1 LAND MANAGEMent & LOCAL PRODUCTS 80 a living textBooK and historical record of rural england… 19 4B.2 EXPLORING, enJOYING & LEARNING 90 a rich legacy of cultural associations… 19 4B.3 PLANNING, highWAYS & INFRASTRUCTURE 100 3. LANDSCAPE & SEASCAPE CHARACTER 20 4B.4 COMMUNITY ACTION 110 landscaPe character tyPes 22 5. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING & REVIEW 116 transition to the sea: coastal seascaPe character hoW Will the Plan Be delivered? 117 tyPes Within the AONB 24 hoW does the AONB teaM oPerate? 117 landscaPe condition 25 delivery PrinciPles 117 landscaPe scale delivery 118 Monitoring 119 revieW 119 1 our Vision 2 The Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Partnership is working towards a future in which: • Local people and visitors are inspired by • A diverse farming and forestry sector the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty thrives in the AONB, underpinning the (AONB) landscape and are actively sustainable management of landscape, involved in enjoying and caring for it.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Management Plan 2012 Appendix A3
    South Essex Surface Water Management Plan Intermediate Assessment of Groundwater Flooding Susceptibility Phase 2 May 2011 Prepared for South Essex Surface Water Management Plan Revision Schedule Surface Water Management Plan – Intermediate Assessment of Groundwater Flooding Susceptibility May 2011 Rev Date Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by 01 March 2011 Draft Report Trevor Muten Stephen Cox Principal Hydrogeologist Senior Hydrogeologist 02 May 2011 Final Report Trevor Muten Ryan Cox Jane Sladen Principal Hydrogeologist Hydrogeologist Technical Director Scott Wilson Scott House Alencon Link Basingstoke This document has been prepared in accordance with the scope of Scott Wilson's appointment with its client and is subject to the terms of that appointment. It is addressed RG21 7PP to and for the sole and confidential use and reliance of Scott Wilson's client. Scott Wilson Tel 01256 310 200 accepts no liability for any use of this document other than by its client and only for the purposes for which it was prepared and provided. No person other than the client may copy (in whole or in part) use or rely on the contents of this document, without the prior written permission of the Company Secretary of Scott Wilson Ltd. Any advice, opinions, or recommendations within this document should be read and relied upon only in the www.scottwilson.com context of the document as a whole. The contents of this document do not provide legal or tax advice or opinion. © Scott Wilson Ltd 2009 South Essex Surface Water Management Plan Table of Contents Abbreviations................................................................................................ 2 Glossary ........................................................................................................ 3 1 Introduction........................................................................................ 4 1.1 Groundwater Flooding ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay Flora Based on X-Ray Micro- 2 CT 3 4 5 6 Gregory W
    Botany Page 74 of 165 1 Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro- 2 CT 3 4 5 6 Gregory W. Stull, Neil F. Adams, Steven R. Manchester, Dan Sykes, and Margaret E. Collinson 7 8 9 10 G.W. Stull. Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of 11 Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA (email: [email protected]). 12 13 N.F. Adams. Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography, Royal Holloway University of 14 London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK (email: [email protected]). 15 16 S.R. Manchester. Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of 17 Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA (email: [email protected]). 18 19 D. Sykes. Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK. 20 Current affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, 21 M13 9PL, UK (email: [email protected]) 22 23 M.E. Collinson. Department of Earth Sciences,Draft Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, 24 Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell 25 Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK (email: [email protected]). 26 27 28 29 CorrespondinG author: G.W. Stull (email: [email protected]; telephone: 1-614-406-2119; 30 fax: N/A; address: Dickinson Hall (FLMNH), 1659 Museum Road, PO Box 117800, University 31 of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800). 32 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 75 of 165 Botany 33 Abstract 34 The Early Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation contains one of the most important fruit 35 and seed assemblages from the Paleogene, including a large diversity of taxa (>350 spp.) 36 preserved as pyrite permineralizations retaining 3D structure as well as anatomical detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Ichnofabrics Containing Ophiomorpha: Significance in Shallow-Water Facies Interpretation
    Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 150, 1993, pp. 149-164, 9 figs. Printed in Northern Ireland Ichnofabrics containing Ophiomorpha: significance in shallow-water facies interpretation J.E. POLLARD ~,R.GOLDRING 2&S. G.BUCK 3 1Department of Geology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 2postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology, University of Reading, PO Box 227, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 2AB, UK 3Z & S Geology Ltd, Glover Pavillion, Campus 2, Aberdeen Science & Technology Park, Balgownie Road, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen AB22 8GW, UK Abstract: In an attempt to interpret Ophiomorpha ichnofabrics observed in core, three ichnofabrics are described from outcrops where O. nodosa is a conspicuous element. These ichnofabrics enable sandy shoreline sedimentary environments to be characterized and differentiated: (1) shoreface with mottled- Ophiomorpha-Planolites ichnofabric generally without primary lamination; (2) offshore tidal shelf sand wave facies with Macaronichnus-Ophiomorpha ichnofabric associated with primary, mainly cross- laminated or cross-bedded sands; (3) estuarine facies with Ophiomorpha ichnofabric associated with pri- mary lamination and, commonly, heterolithic sands and mudstones. Distinctions between the ichnofabrics are attributed to differences in primary stratification, the total ichnocoenoses, morphological features (such as burrow attitude, shaft restriction, pellet wall lining), to the nature of the substrate and, particu- larly, to the time available for colonization (larval settlement or relocation) and burrow construction, referred to here as the colonization window• The analysis is applied to an interval of core (Upper Jurassic, Central Graben, North Sea) and a sequence in Eocene sediments in southern England. Ophiomorpha nodosa Lundgren is one of the most widely 20mm quoted and widely known trace fossils.
    [Show full text]
  • Ig UIDE to GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAPPING in ENGLAND and WALES National Rivers Authority
    NRA Water Resources 28 Ig UIDE TO GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAPPING IN ENGLAND AND WALES National Rivers Authority GUIDE TO GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAPPING IN ENGLAND AND WALES R C Palmer, I P Holman (Soil Survey and Land Research Centre, Cranfield University) N S Robins, M A Lewis (British Geological Survey) The Information Centre National Rivers Authority Waterside Drive © National Rivers Authority, 1995. Applications for reproduction should be to HMSO Copyright Unit, St Crispins, Norwich NR3 1PD First edition 1995 ISBN 0 11 310103 1 ISSN 1358-328X This Guide was produced for the NRA by the Soil Survey and Land Research Centre (SSLRC) and The British Geological Survey (BGS) under a contract constituting part of the NRA’s Research and Development programme. Designed by HMSO Graphic Design Cover and text printed on recycled materials (HMSO Recycled Register — Score 60.0) FOREWORD In 1992 the National Rivers Authority published its Policy and Practice for the Protection of Groundwater. The implementation of the policy depends upon the definition of groundwater source protection zones and on the preparation of vulnerability maps. This guide is one of two volumes which provide the background to the production and use of these two policy tools and complement the original policy document. The companion volume to this Guide is the Guide to Groundwater Protection Zones in England and Wales. GUIDE TO GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAPPING IH ENGLAND AND WALES CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Aims of the guide 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 Groundwater vulnerability
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphical Chart of the United Kingdom: Southern Britain
    STRATIGRAPHICAL CHART OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: SOUTHERN BRITAIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 BGS Geological Time Chart Irish Sea Lancashire Yorkshire Southern East West North South Celtic Sea – South-west Bristol – Gloucester Hampshire London – Eastern Weald English (South) & North Sea Midlands Midlands Wales Wales Bristol Channel England Basin Thames Valley England Region Channel Eon Era Series/ Stage/Age age Cheshire Basin Epoch (Ma) Sub-era System/ Period 0.01 Holocene Late Britannia 0.13 Caledonia Glacigenic Group Caledonia Glacigenic Group Caledonia Glacigenic Group not named Caledonia Glacigenic Group Caledonia Glacigenic Group Caledonia Glacigenic Group Caledonia Glacigenic Group Caledonia Glacigenic Group Britannia Britannia Caledonia Glacigenic Group Catchments British Coastal British Coastal Britannia British Coastal Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia British Coastal Britannia British Coastal Britannia Catchments British Coastal Catchments Britannia British Coastal British Coastal British Coastal British Coastal British Coastal British Coastal British Coastal Group Deposits Group British Coastal Deposits Group Catchments Deposits Group British Coastal Catchments Catchments Catchments Catchments Catchments not named Catchments Catchments Catchments Group Deposits Group Catchments Group Deposits Group Catchments Group Deposits Group Group Catchments Deposits Group Deposits Group Deposits Group Deposits Group Deposits Group Deposits Group Deposits Group Deposits Group Group Deposits
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geology 32 Quartenary Deposits 51 Fossils and Palaeontology 61
    GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND OPEN ENVIRONMENTS: London’s FOUNDATIONS: PROTECTING THE GEODIVERSITY OF THE CAPITAL SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING GUIDANCE MARCH 2012 LONDON PLAN, 2011 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The work to prepare and produce London’s Foundations, published in 2009 was made possible by funding from Natural England via the Defra Aggregates Levy Sustainability fund (ALSF), The Greater London Authority (GLA), British Geological Survey (BGS) and Natural England London Region. In-kind project support was provided by London Borough of Lambeth, Natural England, Hanson UK, British Geological Survey, Harrow and Hillingdon Geological Society, South London RIGS Group and London Biodiversity Partnership. BGS prepared the draft report in 2008 on behalf of the London Geodiversity Partnership, led by the GLA. BGS is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. BGS Report authors: H F Barron, J Brayson, D T Aldiss, M A Woods and A M Harrison BGS Editor: D J D Lawrence The 2012 update was prepared by Jane Carlsen and Peter Heath of the Greater London Authority with the assistance of the London Geodiversity Partnership. Mapping updates provided by Julie MacDonald of Greenspace Information for Greater London. Document production by Alex Green (GLA). The Mayor would like to acknowledge the work and extend thanks to the London Geodiversity Partnership who contributed to the revision of London’s Foundations SPG and those who responded to the consultation. Maps and diagrams have been prepared by the authors, except where stated. This report includes mapping data licensed from Ordnance Survey with permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown Copyright and/or database right 2008.
    [Show full text]