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Refugee and Host Communities in Chad: Dynamics of Economic and Social Inclusion

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Refugee and Host Communities in Chad: Dynamics of Economic and Social Inclusion REFUGEE AND HOST COMMUNITIES IN CHAD: DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INCLUSION Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH FINDINGS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Carol Watson, Emmanuel Dnalbaye and Blandine Nan-guer Consultants for the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized May 2018 Chad Refugees and Host Communities Qualitative Study Report (May 2018).docx Contents List of acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................................... v Glossary of local terms ........................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... viii A. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT ............................................................................................. 1 1. Overview of refugees and displaced populations in Chad .............................................................. 1 2. The importance of including host populations in assistance programs ........................................... 1 3. A qualitative study to support programming around refugees and host populations ...................... 2 4. Structure of the report ..................................................................................................................... 3 B. FINDINGS FROM RESEARCH IN THE SOUTH ................................................................... 4 1. Background and context ................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Overview of the zone and area of research ............................................................................... 4 2. Key findings from field work.......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Bélom refugee camp ................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Local communities visited: Villages and sedentarized feriks ................................................. 23 2.3 Maïngama installation site for Chadian returnees from CAR ................................................. 32 3. Reflections on potential program implications ............................................................................. 34 4. Visual record, research in the South ............................................................................................. 37 C. FINDINGS FROM RESEARCH IN LAC REGION ............................................................... 40 1. Background and context ............................................................................................................... 40 1.1 Overview of the zone and areas of research ............................................................................ 40 2. Key findings from field work........................................................................................................ 44 2.1 Dar es Salaam refugee camp ................................................................................................... 44 2.2 A variety of sites for the displaced and returnees ................................................................... 54 2.3. The Kanembou village of Goumacharon ............................................................................... 61 3. Reflections on potential program implications ............................................................................. 64 4. Visual record of research in Lac ................................................................................................... 68 D. FINDINGS FROM RESEARCH IN THE EAST .................................................................... 74 1. Background and context ............................................................................................................... 74 1.1 Overview of the zone and cantons of research ........................................................................ 74 1.2 Overview of refugees, assistance and host population relations in the zone .......................... 78 2. Key findings from field work........................................................................................................ 81 2.1 Bredjing refugee camp ............................................................................................................ 81 2.2 The villages visited: Chalingo and Loumba Massalit ............................................................. 95 2.3 A joint refugee/host community gardening project: Wadi Tiré ............................................ 107 3. Reflections on potential program implications ........................................................................... 110 ii Chad Refugees and Host Communities Qualitative Study Report (May 2018).docx 4. Visual record of research in the East .......................................................................................... 115 E. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PROGRAMMING .................................... 121 1. Overview of the study ................................................................................................................. 121 2. Key findings ................................................................................................................................ 121 2.1 The local contexts ................................................................................................................. 121 2.2 Refugee experiences ............................................................................................................. 123 2.3 Local perceptions and relations between refugees and host communities ............................ 126 2.4 Gender-specific vulnerabilities and opportunities ................................................................ 128 3. Implications for programming .................................................................................................... 131 3.1 Conceptualizing the field of refugee and ‘host population’ interaction ................................ 131 3.1 Providing safety nets ............................................................................................................. 132 3.2 Strengthening and expanding social services ........................................................................ 133 3.3 Providing economic support and promoting livelihoods ...................................................... 133 3.4 Supporting environmental protection and promotion ........................................................... 134 3.5 Addressing gender-specific vulnerabilities and potential ..................................................... 134 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................................... 137 1. Overview of field research methodology ................................................................................ 137 2. Overview of research exercises and study population in each locality ................................... 138 3. References ............................................................................................................................... 141 4. Key indicators on each study region ....................................................................................... 143 List of tables Table 1. Refugee community timeline, Bélom ..................................................................................... 10 Table 2. Gender difference in daily activities of young refugees, Bélom ............................................. 17 Table 3. Refugee perceptions of major issues around economic and social inclusion, Bélom ............. 22 Table 4. A history of shocks: Community timeline in the villages of Paris Sara and Ndinaba ............ 23 Table 5. Gender differences in daily activities of young women and young men, Paris Sara .............. 30 Table 6. Comparative social indicators: host communities and IDPs, Bagasola sub-prefecture ......... 43 Table 7. Reflections on conditions before and after flight, refugees in Dar es Salam .......................... 46 Table 8. Gender differences in daily activities of young men and women refugees, Dar es Salam ..... 52 Table 9. A moving landscape: itineraries of displacement in Lac region ............................................. 54 Table 10. Daily activities of settled and displaced girls, Lac ................................................................ 60 Table 11. Historical timeline in Molou and Bardé Cantons (Ouaddaï) ................................................ 76 Table 12. Key impact and performance indicators, Bredjing refugee camp ......................................... 82 Table 13. Community timeline, refugees in Bredjing camp ................................................................. 84 Table 14. A comparison of the daily activities of male and female refugee youth ............................... 94 Table 15. Young women’s daily round: Chalingo and Loumba Massalit .......................................... 101 iii Chad Refugees and Host Communities Qualitative Study Report (May 2018).docx List of figures Figure 1. Map of study areas and localization of refugees
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