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By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5. -
View Full Statement
The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR),founded Wednesday February 10, 2021 in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. P210205 Statement The Syrian Network for Human Rights, in Partnership with International Organizations, Held A Launch Event for Its Tenth Annual Report: Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 ‘The Bleeding Decade’ Monday, February 8, 2021: The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), in partnership with Amnesty International, the Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, and the Heinrich Boell Foundation, held an event entitled: “The Bleeding Decade” to launch its tenth annual report entitled: ‘The Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020’. The event was broadcast on the Zoom platform and the SNHR’s official accounts on social media platforms, with participants including: The Syrian Network for Human Rights, in Partnership with International 2 Organizations, Held A Launch Event for Its Tenth Annual Report: Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 Mr. Kristyan Benedict, Amnesty International UK Campaigns Manager: Crisis & Tactical, Syria; Dr. Simon Adams, Executive Director, Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect; Mr. Patrick Kro- ker, International Crimes and Accountability program on Syria, European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights; Ms. Anna Fleischer, Program Coordinator, Heinrich Boell Foundation Middle East, and Mr. Fadel Abdul Ghany, Chairman, Syrian Network for Human Rights. The event moder- ator was Ms. Emma Beals, Senior Advisor at the European Institute of Peace and Editor of Syria in Context. -
Global Media Forum Von a Bis Z Zivilgesellschaft Als Hoffnungsträger
2|18 „Ich beneide Sie um diese Welt der Vielfalt“ Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel beim DW-Jubiläum Freiheitsrechte stärken Das Projekt DW Freedom informiert über Verstöße gegen Grundrechte, insbesondere Einschränkungen der Meinungs- und Informationsfreiheit. Zugleich bietet die DW hier eine Plattform zur weltweiten V ernetzung gegen Zensur. dw.com/freedom @dw_freedom DW Freedom Editorial DW/J. Röhl © Die Bilanz ist ernüchternd. Der größte In ihrer Rede beim Festakt zum 65-jäh- Aufgabenplanung haben wir den Weg zu Teil der Menschheit lebt inzwischen in Län- rigen Bestehen des deutschen Auslands- einer weiteren deutlichen Steigerung un- dern, in denen es keine uneingeschränkte senders gratulierte Bundeskanzlerin Angela serer wöchentlichen Nutzer aufgezeigt. Informations- oder Meinungsfreiheit gibt. Merkel der DW zu ihrer Erfolgsgeschichte Dabei spielen digitale Verbreitungskanäle Selbst in Europa ist die Pressefreiheit auf und betonte ihre wachsende Bedeutung als eine wichtige Rolle. dem Rückzug. Stimme der Freiheit. Auslandskommunika- Ihre Relevanz im internationalen Wett- Wir beobachten diese dramatische tion habe in einer zunehmend vernetzten bewerb erhalten die journalistischen An- Entwicklung nicht schweigend und ohne Welt einen eigenen Stellenwert, sagte die gebote der DW durch ihre hohe Glaubwür- Widerstand. Offener und ungehinderter Kanzlerin und ergänzte, es sei deshalb kein digkeit. Im Zeitalter von Propaganda und Austausch von Information ist Grundstein Zufall, dass einige Länder ihre Auslandssen- manipulierten Nachrichten steht die Deut- für Fortschritt. der massiv ausbauen. sche Welle für objektiven, verlässlichen Die DW schließt in vielen Ländern die Die erkennbare Wertschätzung der DW Journalismus mit Haltung. Populismus, Informationslücke, die von den lokalen durch das Parlament und die Bundesregie- Zensur und Filterblasen stellen unabhän- Medien nicht abgedeckt werden kann oder rung bestärkt uns in diesem Zusammen- gige Medien auf die Probe. -
Model Course on the Safety of Journalists
2017 Model Course on Safety of Journalists Model Course on Safetyof Journalists Model Course on Safety of Journalists A Guide for Journalism Teachers in the Arab States Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France, and the International Federation of Journalists, IPC-Residence Palace, Rue de la Loi 155, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium © UNESCO and the International Federation of Journalists, 2017 ISBN 978-92-3-100223-6 This Publications is available in open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY- SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Prepared by: Dr. Michael Foley, Ms. Clare Arthurs, Ms. Magda Abu-Fadil, Revised by: Revised by: Mr. George Awad, Mr. Ming Lim, Mr. Fackson Banda, Ms. Saorla McCabe, Mr. Mounir Zarour, Dr. Nisreen Abdallah, Mr. David Bivan Translation to Arabic: Dr. Hassana Rashid Cover photo: Shutterstock/annekhen Printed by UNESCO Regional Bureau - Beirut Printed in Beirut, Lebanon 2 Foreword Safety of Journalists: A Model Course for the Arab States is a significant instalment in our UNESCO Series on Journalism Education. -
Filling in the Blanks
Filling in the Blanks Documenting Missing Dimensions in UN and NGO Investigations of the Gaza Conflict A publication of NGO Monitor and UN Watch Edited by Gerald M. Steinberg and Anne Herzberg Filling in the Blanks Documenting Missing Dimensions in UN and NGO Investigations of the Gaza Conflict Filling in the Blanks Documenting Missing Dimensions in UN and NGO Investigations of the Gaza Conflict A publication of NGO Monitor and UN Watch Edited by Gerald M. Steinberg and Anne Herzberg Contributors Gerald Steinberg Hillel Neuer Jonathan Schanzer Abraham Bell Dr. Uzi Rubin Trevor Norwitz Anne Herzberg Col. Richard Kemp Table of Contents Preface i. Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: Production and Import of Rockets and Missiles Launched from Gaza at Targets in Israel 6 Chapter 2: The Sources of Hamas Financing, and the Implications Related to Providing Assistance to a Recognized Terror Organization 27 Chapter 3: Evidence Regarding the Abuse of Humanitarian Aid to Gaza for Military and Terror Purposes, and Questions of Supervision and Accountability 41 Chapter 4: The Credibility of Reports and Allegations from Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Regarding the 2014 Conflict 73 Appendix 1: Submission to the United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict by Colonel Richard Kemp CBE 131 Appendix 2: Letter to Mary McGowan Davis, Chair of United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict by Trevor S. Norwitz 144 Appendix 3: Why the Schabas Report Will Be Every Bit as Biased as the Goldstone Report by Hillel Neuer (originally published in The Tower, March 2015, reprinted with permission) 149 Appendix 4: Letter to Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary General of the United Nations by Prof Gerald Steinberg 161 Contributors and Acknowledgements 163 Endnotes: 168 Filling in the Blanks i Preface his report provides an independent, fully-sourced, systematic, and detailed documentation on some of the key issues related to the renewal of intense conflict between Hamas and Israel during July and August 2014. -
Iraq Missile Chronology
Iraq Missile Chronology 2008-2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003-2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 Last update: November 2008 As of November 2008, this chronology is no longer being updated. For current developments, please see the Iraq Missile Overview. 2008-2006 29 February 2008 UNMOVIC is officially closed down as directed by UN Security Council Resolution 1762, which terminated its mandate. [Note: See NTI Chronology 29 June 2007]. —UN Security Council, "Iraq (UNMOVIC)," Security Council Report, Update Report No. 10, 26 June 2008. 25 September 2007 U.S. spokesman Rear Admiral Mark Fox claims that Iranian-supplied surface-to-air missiles, such as the Misagh 1, have been found in Iraq. The U.S. military says that these missiles have been smuggled into Iraq from Iran. Iran denies the allegation. [Note: See NTI Chronology 11 and 12 February 2007]. "Tehran blasted on Iraq Missiles," Hobart Mercury, 25 September 2007, in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe; David C Isby, "U.S. Outlines Iranian Cross-Border Supply of Rockets and Missiles to Iraq," Jane's Missiles & Rockets, Jane's Information Group, 1 November 2007. 29 June 2007 The Security Council passes Resolution 1762 terminating the mandates of the UN Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) and the IAEA in Iraq. Resolution 1762 also requests the UN Secretary General to dispose safely of archives containing sensitive information, and to transfer any remaining UNMOVIC funds to the Development Fund for Iraq. A letter to the Security Council from the Iraqi government indicates it is committed to respecting its obligations to the nonproliferation regime. -
The Palestinian Struggle at a Watershed
The Palestinian Struggle at a Watershed Al-Shabaka in 2018 and into 2019 This report is dedicated to Kamal Boullata Artist, Art Historian, and Steadfast Supporter of Justice 1942-2019 Contents From the Board President 3 Policy Analysis 7 Policy Reach 9 In Palestine 9 In Europe 10 In the United States 12 Member Network 14 Outreach 16 Our Valued Supporters 18 More Information 20 The Palestinian Struggle at a Watershed Al-Shabaka in 2018 and into 2019 From the Board President Resisting Despair, Sustaining the Struggle for Rights and Freedom As difficult as the previous decades have been for the Palestinian national movement, which has been on a downward spiral since its heyday in the 1970s, 2018 marked a grim turning point that has carried through 2019. At stake is the very survival of the national movement as a coherent expression of the will of the Palestinian people to achieve the right to self-determination and secure justice, freedom, and equality in historic Palestine and for Palestinian refugees. The tight alliance between the Israeli regime and the Trump Administration, with the latter’s greenlighting of annexation and conquest, has tightened the noose on Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. This alliance has also led to a frontal assault against the Palestinians’ representative bodies which, hollowed out as they are, still provide a focal point in the absence of alternatives. It has also increased the criminalization of Palestinian solidarity activities. And yet, the Palestinian people refuse to concede defeat and, indeed, are launching major acts of largely peaceful resistance to the efforts to terminate their struggle for rights. -
Program Booklet and Training Manual 1
American Muslims for Palestine PROGRAM BOOKLET AND TRAINING MANUAL 1 VIRTUAL PALESTINE ADVOCACY DAYS SEPTEMBER 14-18, 2020 PROGRAM BOOKLET AND TRAINING MANUAL envelope-open [email protected] globe www.palestineadvocacy.com PROGRAM BOOKLET AND TRAINING MANUAL American Muslims for Palestine www.ampalestine.org Follow Us Empowerment Through Education And Action #AdvocateforForPalestine American Muslims for Palestine PROGRAM BOOKLET AND TRAINING MANUAL 3 AMP MISSION STATEMENT American Muslims for Palestine is dedicated to advancing the movement for justice in Palestine through education, advocacy, and grassroots mobilization. AMP is committed to ending U.S. support for the Israeli occupation, raising awareness about the plight of the Palestinian people, and supporting Palestinians’ right to freedom, justice, and self-determination in accordance with international law. RULES AND REGULATIONS American Muslims for Palestine offers participants a wide range of lectures and workshops for their edification. However, speakers’ views and opinions are their own and do not necessarily reflect AMP’s positions. No recording or videotaping of the training session or plenary is permitted. AMP will post official videos of events it wishes to make public. Under no circumstances should participants record or videotape their meetings with Members of Congress or their staff. Screenshots of your meetings may be taken only with the consent of the Member of Congress or their staff. PROGRAM BOOKLET AND TRAINING MANUAL American Muslims for Palestine Guests shall not disrupt speakers during lectures/speeches and such violations will be cause for immediate expulsion from the program. All participants shall behave in an appropriate and respectful manner. No hate speech or bigotry of any kind will be tolerated, and such violations will be cause for immediate expulsion from the program. -
Chung & Cho 1 News Coverage Analysis of Snss and the Arab Spring
Global Media Journal Fall 2013 – Chung & Cho 1 News Coverage Analysis of SNSs and the Arab Spring: Using Mixed Methods Chung Joo Chung Department of Journalism and Mass Communication Kyungpook National University [email protected] Sung-Ho Cho Department of Journalism and Mass Communication Kyungpook National University [email protected] This study evaluates the roles of mass media messages and social networking services (SNSs) in the Middle East, a region largely ignored in this context, by considering four major U.S. newspapers covering the Arab Spring and the issue of SNS-driven changes in authoritarian countries. It uses a mixed-method approach combining the traditional content and semantic network analyses. The results indicate a dramatic increase in recent years in attention to Facebook and Twitter as instruments for a political revolution in the Arab world and several authoritarian countries in Asia and Africa. Newspapers varied in their presentation, but all framed the advent of SNSs as new media and technologies for information seeking and communication. Keywords: SNS, News Coverage, Arab Spring, Framing Theory, Mixed Methods Introduction As hundreds of thousands of Egyptians in Cairo’s Tahrir Square celebrated the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak on February 11, 2011, some held up mobile phones to snap photos of the crowd. Others sent Tweets to friends, and a few wielded signs with the statement ―Thank you, Facebook‖ (Harsch, 2011). The Twitter revolution witnessed during the 2009 election crisis in Iran suggests that anyone with computer, Internet, or mobile phone access Global Media Journal Fall 2013 – Chung & Cho 2 can publish messages for a potential audience of millions within minutes (Jansen, 2010). -
The Potential Return of Nationalism in Iraq
The Potential Return of Nationalism in Iraq Jeffrey Knapp Bemidji State University Political Science Senior Thesis Bemidji State University Dr. Patrick Donnay, Advisor April 2010 1 Abstract Over the past decade, Iraq has experienced a tremendous amount of change from once being a dictatorial regime to becoming a new and developing democracy. Iraq is dominantly composed of three main and distinct groups known as the Shiites, Sunnis, and Kurds. This paper attempts examine whether or not, Iraqi individuals see themselves first and foremost as Iraqis or as being Muslims first. There has been little research conducted that specifically examines the relationship between nationalism and ethnic identity in Iraq. However, some research suggests that most Iraqis see themselves as being Iraqi first instead of being Muslim first. This study addresses the relationship by examining data from the World Values Survey. Preliminary results confirm that many Sunni and Shiite Iraqi individuals view themselves as Iraqi first rather than Muslim first. 2 Introduction Currently Iraq is struggling to become an emerging democracy in the Middle East. It is a country that has been plagued by insurgent violence since the US led invasion in 2003, but throughout its history there have been ethnic tensions, even under Saddam’s rule. This state is dominantly made up of three distinct groups the Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims, and the Kurdish people. Tensions between these different groups have been present throughout Iraq’s history as a state especially during the break up of the empires in 1920 and again in 1973. The current atmosphere in Iraq shows little hope for a unified Iraqi state. -
Antisemitic Discourse Report 2012.Indd
ANTISEMITIC DISCOURSE in Britain in 2012 This graphic, alleging Zionist infl uence over the 2012 London Olympics, appeared on the website of Iranian state broadcaster, Press TV. It carried the following subtitle1: “The impact of the Zionist lobby on decisions regarding the 2012 London Olympics has been 1. http://www.presstv. com/detail/2012/08/11/ highlighted as the Games logo seems to spell the word Zion, which is a biblical word for Israel.” 255661/london-olympic- logo-spells-word-zion/ (For further information, see page 25 of this Antisemitic Discourse in Britain in 2012 report.) ISBN: 978-0-9548471-5-9 The text and illustrations may only be reproduced with prior permission of CST. Published by the Community Security Trust. Registered charity in England and Wales (1042391) and Scotland (SC042391). Copyright © 2013 Community Security Trust. Contents Zionists, Jews, responsible for inciting Executive summary 3 22 the West against Islam • MEMO and The Innocence of Muslims • Islamic Centre of England: Anders Breivik Introduction motivated by Zionism 4 The UK and Iranian state antisemitism Antisemitic discourse and antisemitism • London 2012 Olympics: 5 24 a Zionistilluminati conspiracy UK Jewish life: putting antisemitism into context 6 Boycotts of Israeli-made kosher goods 26 What is antisemitism? Background and 7 concepts Amnesty International offi cial: “joke” 27 about Jewish MPs Antisemitism: legal defi nitions 9 Naz Kahn – Respect Party 28 British Jews: relationship with 10 Zionism and Israel The Independent: Robert Fisk 29 “anti-Semitic -
Alliance of Civilizations Forum
Second ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS FORUM 6-7 April 2009 – Istanbul, Turkey Published by: Alliance of Civilizations Secretariat 866 UN Plaza, Suite 300 New York, NY 10017 USA www.unaoc.org Design and Layout: Hedie Joulaee Photos: Sipahiler Printed in the United States by AGS Custom Graphics Disclaimer: This report seeks to capture key elements of the proceedings and discussion during the sec- ond Alliance of Civilizations Forum. It does not purport to be a transcript and is necessarily selective. It should not be taken as a complete or authoritative record of any individual state- ment or intervention, nor expressing the views of the United Nations Alliance of Civiliza- tions. Participants should be consulted directly for an authoritative statement of their views. Copyright © 2009 Alliance of Civilizations TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 6 Introduction 8 Outcomes of the Forum 10 Existing Projects: Progress and Future Directions 10 New Projects 12 Partnership Agreements 14 National Plans and Regional Strategies 14 Group of Friends 16 High-level Debate 16 Focal Points Meeting 20 The Marketplace of Ideas 22 Youth at the Istanbul Forum 26 Plenary Sessions 30 Working Sessions 62 Working Breakfasts 86 Appendixes 104 List of Participants 104 List of Organizers 118 4 5 foreWORD The Second Forum of the Alliance of Civiliza- In addition to generating new ideas and areas of tions, generously hosted by the Turkish Govern- action, the 2009 Alliance Forum saw the launch of ment in the magnificent city of Istanbul, was a a number of key projects and strategic partnerships. success for many different reasons. Two points The reader will find in the following pages greater deserve particular mention: information on the contents of the discussions, on the current status of the commitments made a year Firstly, this year we asked our closest partners – ago in Madrid and on new initiatives presented and particularly international organizations which form launched for the first time in Istanbul.