Smart Use of Civic Tech to Promote Accountability and Transparency
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Civic tech Smart Use of Civic Tech to Promote Accountability and Transparency 0 An inspirational report developed in collaboration with DareDisrupt 1 Foreword By Jonas Vejsager Nøddekær and Anders Hvid Technology is changing the world by accelerating working. innovation and offering new solutions to problems We hope that these insights will help a wide range that we might have accepted as unsolvable. With of civil society actors, technology experts and this report, DanChurchAid and DareDisrupt set out developers, governments and activists to engage to explore the current and future inter-sections in mutually supportive discussions and between active citizenship, civil society space, collaborations to make technology work for the protection of human rights and technology. poorest and most marginalized people in the world. DanChurchAid and other civil society actors have an important role to play in shaping how . technology is developed and made use of for the benefit of human development and realization of human rights. To do so, we all need to develop our technological intuition to better understand and navigate technological development today and in the future. For NGOs and civil society partners, the rapidly accelerating pace of technological innovation and widening accessibility of digital technologies, even in some of the poorest societies and most repressive political regimes, requires enhanced awareness of opportunities and risks. This report addresses the question of how civil society organisations can take advantage of the opportunities these developments offer for the changes we want to see in the world, while mitigating the risks? In this report we explore specifically the opportunities and risks posed by a range of technologies to strengthen civil society and human rights defenders, promote inclusive decision making and accountable institutions, and to combatting discrimination. The report brings out the technologies with most relevance for such civil society and human rights programs, today and in the near future. The Jonas Vejsager Nøddekær technologies in focus here include mobile applications, online platforms, artificial International Director intelligence and blockchain. The report also DanichChurcheAid creates linkages between these technologies and insights, practical experiences and everyday dilemmas facing development professionals, activists and international and local civil society organisations. Importantly, the report also points to future opportunities for NGOs to play more active roles in this field, to help ensure that technology works for human development and human rights. The report also discusses learnings from different initiatives that demonstrate some of the impacts Anders Hvid and barriers that might appear when NGOs seek to CEO embrace technological innovation and new ways of DareDisrupt 2 Index Foreword 2 Introduction 5 Reading guidance 7 A digital mindset – an introduction 9 Theme introductions 11 Space for Civil Society and Protection of Human Rights Defenders 11 Inclusive Participation in Decision-Making 13 Equitable Distribution of Resources through Inclusive and Accountable Institutions 15 Combating Discrimination and Promoting Rights of Excluded Groups 17 Mobile application 19 Mobile technology, civil society, and HRDs 21 Mobile technology and inclusive decision-making 23 Mobile technology and accountable institutions 25 Mobile technology and combating discrimination 27 Opportunities 29 Online platforms 31 33 Online platforms, civil society, and HRDs 35 Online platforms and inclusive decision-making 37 Online platforms and accountable institutions 39 Online platforms and combating discrimination 41 Opportunities 43 AI, big data and IoT 45 AI, big data and IoT, civil society, and HRDs 47 AI, big data and IoT, and inclusive decision-making 49 AI, big data and IoT, and accountable institutions 51 AI, big data and IoT, and combating discrimination 53 Opportunities 55 Blockchain 57 Blockchain, civil society, and HRDs 59 Blockchain and inclusive decision-making 61 Blockchain and accountable institutions 63 Blockchain and combating discrimination 65 Opportunities 67 Virtual reality 69 Virtual reality, civil society and HRDs 71 Virtual reality and inclusive decision-making 73 Virtual reality and accountable institutions 75 Virtual reality and combating discrimination 77 Opportunities 3 Learning cases 79 Developing a mobile app on Risk education 81 New tech for advocacy: Amnesty International’s 360 Syria 83 It’s our forest too: a mobile app for activists 85 New innovative partnerships - Myanmar 87 Digital security of HRDs and CSOs 89 List of actors in the field 87 Contributors 94 4 Civic Tech Introduction Over recent years, DCA has adopted an array of of the iceberg. If you have suggestions for other technologies in its programmes, and innovation is interesting cases, perspectives, or improvements a key priority within the organisation. However, as on the report, please contact Kristine Vadskær at those working in this space very well know, [email protected]. navigating the development of new technologies can be challenging not least due to the speed and Who is this report for? unpredictability of the space. Also, a lot of hype exists around different technological solutions and This report is intended to benefit the DCA staff and it can be difficult to gain an overview of what is partners working with Active Citizenship. However, truly possible and doable with the technologies at it can be a useful resource for other DCA staff and hand today, and what could be possible tomorrow. partners, as well as anyone interested in the topic Data protection and digital security issues are in general. pivotal when working with vulnerable communities and sensitive issues, such as human rights The underlying value proposition violations. Understanding the prerequisites, the design and impact of different technological This report is built on the assumption and belief solutions on accountability and transparency in that as technology affects everyone's lives today different contexts - for instance in fragile states, directly or indirectly, each one of us should be part under authoritarian regimes or regions with poor of the discussion on how technological tools are digital infrastructure - are also crucial developed and applied in society. This applies to meaningful and safe application of these particularly to actors working to strengthen civil technologies. society and human rights around the world. This report was conducted by DareDisrupt to help the DCA Active Citizenship programme navigate Everyone does not need to have deep knowledge in the world of relevant technologies and of all technologies out there. However, a basic eventually adopt new technological tools to understanding of the key aspects and strengthen civil society and the protection of characteristics of most relevant technologies is human rights. The report provides an overview of necessary in order for people to be able to shape key technologies relevant for the rights-based work the development of the technologies and tools that conducted within the Active Citizenship increasingly permeate our societies. It is important programme, as well as existing cases, that DCA staff and partners engage with perspectives and opportunities. technology experts and, more importantly, bring The report can be read as a whole, or you may their deep knowledge of human rights issues, civil select the parts you are most interested in. On society, different contextual factors and inequalities page 6, there is an introduction to the structure of to the core in order to make the most of the the report. potential of these technologies, and minimize any harm they could cause. This report focuses on phenomena that are constantly changing and evolving. The technology and human rights-development nexus consists of diverse actors and the cases identified and included in this report often constitute only the tip 5 The authors of this report seek to present different relevant cases and perspectives on how the technologies in an accessible way, and make them technology in question relates to the thematic area. relatable by highlighting their effects and impact on See next page on how the gameboard is the issues at the core of the Active Citizenship structured. programme for DCA staff and partners. The report aims to provide an inspirational and accessible first introduction to each technology and its use. Therefore, those seeking a deeper understanding of the technologies, or wanting to About Danish Church Aid explore technologies not included in this report, are DanChurchAid supports the poorest of the world in their encouraged to seek information in the several struggle for a dignified life and helps those whose lives sources available on the web. Some sources are listed in the footnotes and appendix of this report are threatened. We provide emergency relief in disaster-stricken areas and long-term development Methodology assistance in poor regions - to create a more equitable and sustainable world. The situation of each individual Data for this report was gathered from: is the starting point for our work, with respect for human • Interviews with relevant stakeholders (including rights and equality. We engage with popular and DCA staff working with technology and political forces, and seek to influence decision makers innovation at headquarters and regional to improve conditions for the poorest. We work closely offices), other organisations working with with faith-based