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Phase II Project FINAL REPORT July 2018 Addis

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Phase II Project FINAL REPORT July 2018 Addis Public Disclosure Authorized THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE FORESTED LANDSCAPE PROGRAM Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Review of the Bale Mountains Eco-region REDD+ Project and REDD+ Joint Forest Management in the five districts of Ilu Abba Bora Zone, Oromia Regional State, South-West Ethiopia - Phase II Project Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized July 2018 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... i List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction and Background ............................................................................................ 22 1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 22 1.2. Brief description of the REDD+ Projects ........................................................................................ 23 1.2.1. The Bale Mountains Eco-region REDD+ Project ..................................................................... 23 1.2.2. REDD+ Joint Forest Management in five districts of Ilu Abba Bora Zone, Oromia, South- West Ethiopia - Phase II (REJFMA-SW Ethiopia II) Project ............................................................. 25 1.3. Rationale for Conducting Environmental and Social Review ......................................................... 27 1.4. Environmental and Social Management Requirements ................................................................... 28 2. Objectives, Methodology and Methods of the ESR ............................................................. 31 2.1. General Objective ............................................................................................................................ 31 2.2. Specific Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 31 2.3. Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 32 2.4. Methods of data collection ............................................................................................................... 36 2.5. Data Collection Tools ...................................................................................................................... 39 2.6. Methods of Data Analysis ................................................................................................................ 40 2.7. Ethical Issues ................................................................................................................................... 41 3. REDD+ Projects: Activities, Processes and Operations ...................................................... 41 3.1. Project based activities of the two REDD+ Projects:.................................................................. 42 3.2. Non-REDD+ (GOV, NGOs, and Community-based) initiatives in the two REDD+ project areas 45 3.2.1. GoE, NGOs and other investment project activities ................................................................. 45 i 3.2.2. Community-based initiatives/activities ..................................................................................... 46 4. National Environmental and Social Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks, and the WB Environmental and Social Safeguards Policies ................................................................ 47 4.1. Policy Framework ................................................................................................................ 47 4.1.1 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ................................................... 47 4.1.2. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ............................................................................................. 48 4.1.3. National and Regional Conservation Strategy .......................................................................... 49 4.1.4. Forest Conservation and Utilization Policy and Strategy, 2007 ............................................... 50 4.1.5 National Energy Policy .............................................................................................................. 50 4.1.6 National Health Policy ............................................................................................................... 52 4.1.7 Land Tenure Policy .................................................................................................................... 52 4.1.8 National Biodiversity Policy ...................................................................................................... 53 4.1.9 National Policy for Women ....................................................................................................... 54 4.2. Legislative Framework ..................................................................................................................... 54 4.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (Proclamation No, 299/2002) ............................................ 54 4.2.2 Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization Proclamation (No. 542/2007) ................... 56 4.2.3 Environmental Pollution Control (Proclamation No. 300/2002) ............................................... 58 4.2.3 Public Health Proclamation ....................................................................................................... 58 4.2.4 Rural Land Administration and Use .......................................................................................... 58 4.2.5 Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation ....................................................................................................................................... 59 4.2.6 Payment of Compensation for Properties Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Use (Regulation No.135/2007) ........................................................................................................... 60 4.3 International Conventions relevant to the projects............................................................................ 60 4.3.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ................................. 61 4.3.2 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) .............................................. 64 ii 4.3.3 Other International Agreements ................................................................................................. 65 4.4 The World Bank’s Operational Policies on Environmental and Social Safeguards ................... 65 4.4.1 Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) ............................................................................... 66 4.4.2 Natural Habitat (OP/BP 4.04) .................................................................................................. 66 4.4.3 Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09) ................................................................................................ 67 4.4.4 Indigenous/underserved Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) ....................................................................... 68 4.4.5 Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) ................................................................................ 69 4.4.6 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) .................................................................................. 69 4.4.7 Forests (OP/BP 4.36) ................................................................................................................. 70 4.4.8 Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4. 37) ................................................................................................. 71 5. Key Findings from Community Consultations ................................................................... 72 5.1. Forest and REDD+ Initiative in the Eyes of the Community .......................................................... 72 5.2. Land acquisition and resettlement .................................................................................................... 73 5.3. Membership and Membership Criteria ............................................................................................ 74 5.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................................................ 75 5.5. Traditional institutions of resource management and conflict resolution ........................................ 76 5.6. Gender .............................................................................................................................................. 78 5.7. Conflicts of Interest .......................................................................................................................... 79 5.8. Benefit sharing and Unmet Expectation .......................................................................................... 81 5.9. Environmental Benefits ................................................................................................................... 82 5.10. Bale Mountains National Park: Designation and the risk of Resettlement
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