Cerro Del Pueblo Fm (Difunta Group, Upper Cretaceous), Parras Basin, Southern Coahuila, Mexico: Reference Sections, Age, and Correlation
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Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas,Cerro del v. 21,Pueblo núm. Fm: 3, 2004, reference p. 335-352 sections, age, and correlation 335 Cerro del Pueblo Fm (Difunta Group, Upper Cretaceous), Parras Basin, southern Coahuila, Mexico: reference sections, age, and correlation David A. Eberth1,*, Carlos R. Delgado-de Jesús2, John F. Lerbekmo3, Donald B. Brinkman1, Rubén A. Rodríguez-de la Rosa4, Scott D. Sampson5 1 Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, AB, T0J 0Y0 Canada 2 Coordinación de Paleontología, Secretaría de Educación Pública de Coahuila, 25000 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. 3 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3 Canada. 4 Museo del Desierto, Laboratorio de Paleontología, Museo del Desierto-S.E.P.C., A.P. 307, 25000 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. 5 Utah Museum of Natural History and Department of Geology and Geophysics,University of Utah 1390 E Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0500, USA. * [email protected] ABSTRACT Principal and supplementary reference sections provide data that clarify the stratigraphic relationships and depositional history of the Cerro del Pueblo Formation (CdP) – an important unit in Late Cretaceous paleobiogeographic studies in northeastern Mexico and the Western Interior of North America. At Saltillo, the CdP is 162 m thick, much thinner than previously reported. To the west, however, the CdP thickens to 449 m at Rincón Colorado (35 km west of Saltillo) and 540 m at Porvenir de Jalpa (70 km west of Saltillo). A substantial stratigraphic interval of interbedded grey-green and red beds is present above the CdP throughout the field area; for consistency, it is assigned to the overlying Cerro Huerta Formation (CH). Westward-thickening of the CdP indicates an increased rate of subsidence and accommodation in that direction, and further suggests that sediment was supplied from the west along a narrow, east–west oriented trough that paralleled the modern Sierra Madre Oriental south of the field area. This trough was likely the location of an embayment in which CdP sediments first aggraded and then slowly prograded to the east and northeast. Overall, the CdP records deposition in very low gradient lower coastal plain and shallow marine (ramp) settings that were influenced by high-frequency changes in relative sea-level and coastal storm events. Magnetostratigraphic data from 66 samples collected in the Saltillo area indicate that the CdP was deposited in magnetochronozones 32n.3r–32n.2n. This magnetostratigraphic interval falls within the combined Western Interior ammonite biozones of B. reesidei and B. jenseni, and suggests a maximum absolute age of 72.5 Ma for the CdP in the Saltillo area. The Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary (here accepted as 32n–31r) lies 90 m below the top of the overlying CH. A minimum sediment accumulation rate of 55 cm/1,000 yrs is proposed for the CdP. Key words: stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, dinosaurs, Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Cerro Huerta Formation, Difunta Group, Mesozoic, Cretaceous, Coahuila, México. RESUMEN A partir de secciones de referencia principales y suplementarias se han obtenido datos que esclarecen las relaciones estratigráficas y la historia de depósito de la Formación Cerro del Pueblo (FCdP), una unidad importante en estudios paleobiogeográficos del Cretácico Tardío en el noreste de 336 Eberth et al. México y en el Interior Occidental de Norte América. En Saltillo, la FCdP presenta un espesor de 162 m, mucho más delgado que lo reportado previamente. Sin embargo, hacia el oeste la formación se engrosa hasta 449 m en Rincón Colorado (35 km al oeste de Saltillo) y 540 m en el Porvenir de Jalpa (70 km al oeste de Saltillo). En muchos sitios del área de estudio, sobreyaciendo a la FCdP se ha detectado un conspicuo intervalo estratigráfico formado por una intercalación de capas gris-verde y rojas, que por consistencia han sido asignadas a la Formación Cerro Huerta (CH). El engrosamiento hacia el oeste de la FCdP indica un incremento en la tasa de subsidencia y acomodo en esa dirección. También, esto sugiere que el sedimento era aportado desde el oeste, a lo largo de una depresión angosta, orientada este–oeste, ubicada al sur del área de estudio y subparalela a la actual Sierra Madre Oriental. Esta depresión probablemente correspondía a la ubicación de una bahía, en la cual los sedimentos de la FCdP se acumularon primero y después progradaron lentamente hacia el este y noreste. En términos generales, la FCdP registra el depósito en ambientes de planicie costera baja, de muy bajo gradiente y condiciones marinas someras (de rampa) que fueron influenciadas por cambios de alta frecuencia en el nivel relativo del mar y eventos costeros de tormenta. Datos magnetoestratigráficos de 66 muestras colectadas en el área de Saltillo indican que la FCdP se depositó en las magnetocronozonas 32n.3r–32n.2n. Este intervalo magnetoestratigráfico se ubica dentro de las biozonas combinadas de amonitas del Interior Occidental de B. reesidei y B. jenseni, lo que sugiere una edad máxima absoluta de 72.5 Ma para la FCdP en el área de Saltillo. El límite Campaniano–Maastrichtiano (aceptado aquí como 32n–31r) se ubica 90 m debajo de la cima de la unidad sobreyaciente, Formación Cerro Huerta (CH). Finalmente, se propone una tasa de sedimentación mínima de 55 cm/1,000 años para la FCdP. Palabras clave: estratigrafía. magnetoestratigrafía, dinosaurios, Formación Cerro del Pueblo, Formación Cerro Huerta, Grupo Difunta, Mesozoico,Cretácico,Coahuila, México. INTRODUCTION section, it is difficult to constrain, compare and correlate the CdP’s fossil assemblages and its other stratigraphic data The Cerro del Pueblo Formation (CdP) in southern sets (e.g., magnetostratigraphy) with other locations in the Coahuila, Mexico, is famous for its remarkable variety of Parras, La Popa, and Sabinas basins, and throughout the marine, brackish, and non-marine fossils that includes Western Interior of North America. plants, mollusks, crustaceans, and vertebrates – notably Second, the redefinition of the CdP by McBride et al. dinosaurs (Wolleben, 1977; Vega and Feldmann, 1991; in 1974 appears to have inadvertently adjusted the placement Rodríguez-de la Rosa and Cevallos-Ferriz, 1994; Hernández of the CdP upper contact (cf. Murray et al., 1962), thus et al., 1995; Rodríguez-de la Rosa and Cevallos-Ferriz, requiring a revision of the stratotype. 1998; Rodríguez-de la Rosa et al., 1998; Kirkland et al., Third, the precise age of the formation and its fossil 2000; Kirkland and Aguillón-Martinez, 2002; Rodríguez- assemblages still remain uncertain with respect to the de la Rosa et al., 2002; Eberth et al., 2003). Combined Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary. Although most paleontologic and geologic data from the CdP and workers refer to the CdP as Campanian in age, others regard correlative units in the adjacent La Popa and Sabinas basins the precise age of the formation as uncertain, referring to it provide the most complete picture of North America’s as Campanian–Maastrichtian (e.g., Hernández et al., 1995; southern Late Cretaceous paralic ecosystems and vertebrate Soegaard et al., 1997; Arney, 1998, p. 11; also see discussion communities (e.g., McBride et al., 1975; Kirkland et al., in Kirkland et al., 2000). These interpretations are largely 2000; Brinkman et al., 2002), and thus the CdP and its fossil based on previously presented biostratigraphic data and, to assemblages are critical in studies of Late Cretaceous our knowledge, no independent chronostratigraphic data paleobiogeographic patterns in the Western Interior of North are available to assess these interpretations. America (e.g., Lehman, 1987; 1997; 2001). However, there Fourth, our examination of the CdP’s stratigraphy and remain fundamental stratigraphic problems that require paleoenvironments in the southern Parras Basin (Figure 1) resolution before the strata and fossil assemblages of the suggests far more stratigraphic variation and complexity in CdP can be placed and fully appreciated in the context of a this unit than has been previously appreciated, especially North American or global stratigraphic framework. in relation to its stratigraphic thickness and relationship with First, it is no longer possible to effectively use the the overlying Cerro Huerta Formation. Given the remarkable stratotype section of the CdP (see original location in Murray multikilometer thickness of the Upper Cretaceous et al., 1962, fig. 4) due to a combination of very poor sedimentary package in this region, fossiliferous units such exposure and extensive encroachment of the city of Saltillo as the CdP offer unique opportunities to evaluate high into the type area (Figure 1C). Without reference to a type resoution litho-, bio-, and chronostratigraphic patterns Cerro del Pueblo Fm: reference sections, age, and correlation 337 2,840,000 mN El Pantano 2,830,000 mN Porvenir mex Rincón Jalpa 40 mex de Jalpa Colorado 57 mex 40 mex E 40 B 2,820,000 mN F mex C 57 2,810,000 mN General mex Saltillo Cepeda D 54 A Angostura 230,000 mE 230,000 2,810,000 mN 240,000 mE 250,000 mE 260,000 mE 270,000 mE 280,000 mE 290,000 mE 300,000 mE 0m 150 mex 40 2,817,000mN 700m 2,823,000mN 1 600m 1 m land-fill 1600 00m 16 1700m Saltillo 2,816,000mN 18 00m 2,822,000mN Cerro del Pueblo 1600m 2,815,000mN 1600m 170 2,821,000mN 0m 0m 150 0m 160 18 Saltillo 00m 299,000mE 297,000mE 300,000mE B 298,000mE 294,000mE C 297,000mE 2400m 0m m 200 0 0 9 1 m mex 0 0 8 40 2200m 1 2,805,000mN 1300m Angostura 2,827,000mN m 0 0 9 1 2,804,000mN 1400m La mex s Ag 54 u 135 ila 0m 291,000mE 292,000mE D 289,000mE 294,000mE 2,826,000mN s Las Aguilas vertebrate fossil area 1350m 1400m 2,825,000mN Cerro 1300m 2,825,000mN El Pilote Cerro Cerro de los 1 3 5 La Bandera Dinosaurios 2,824,000mN 0 Porvenir m de Jalpa 2,824,000mN 2,823,000mN Rincón Colorado 268,000mE 269,000mE 228,000mE 229,000mE 230,000mE 267,000mE E F 231,000mE 264,000mE 266,000mE Figure 1.