Prehistoric and Ancient Britain Knowledge Organiser Chronology Core Knowledge Useful Websites and Books • BBC Bitesize Romans: 4000 BC/BCE The Neolithic period • Flint was a useful stone for building and making tools, https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zfqs began because it’s really hard. gk7/revision/1 3000 BC/BCE Grime’s Graves flint mine • The Beaker people got their name from the decorated pots • BBC Anglo-Saxons information: established they made, but they also made objects out of metals like http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhisto bronze. ry/anglo_saxons/who_were_the_anglo- 2300 BC/BCE The Bronze Age began • Iron replaced bronze because it is stronger saxons/ • The Romans took 3 attempts to conquer Britain! The part • Usborne Beginners History 9-14 (set of 10 they ruled was called Britannia. books) 2000 BC/BCE Stonehenge was • The Romans attacked the Iceni because their leader, • Horrible Histories: Savage Stone Age, Cut- completed Boudicca, was a woman, and the Romans didn’t let women Throat Celts, Rotten Romans, Smashing 750 BC/BCE The Iron Age began rule or own property. Saxons, Vicious Vikings • Boudicca got revenge by destroying Colchester, London and 500 BC/BCE Celts arrived in Britain St Albans, before being defeated by Suetonius Paulinus’ Key Words Roman army. 43 AD/CE The Romans invaded • Roman towns were very advanced, with central heating, BC/BCE Before Christ/Before Common Britain sewers, clean water and flushing toilets! Era • The Romans left in 410 AD because of attacks on the Empire, 60 AD/CE Boudicca’s rebellion AD/CE Anno Domini/Common Era including Anglo-Saxon invasions of Britain. against the Romans • The Viking King Cnut was also king of Denmark and Norway. Neolithic The late Stone Age, when 410 AD/CE The last Roman leaders • Edward the Confessor became King of England in 1042. He farming began left Britain as Anglo- was a Saxon but was the step-son of King Cnut. Empire A large group of states or Saxons began to invade countries ruled over by a single leader. 793 AD/CE First Viking invasion of Key People Britain Beaker People Imperialism When a government has a policy to build up an empire 865 AD/CE The Danelaw was Celts established Militarism The belief that a country should Boudicca have a strong military, and use 1016 AD/CE King Cnut became the first Suetonius Paulinus this aggressively to its Viking to rule a united advantage. England Anglo Saxons Rebellion Disobeying rules or fighting Vikings 1042 AD/CE King Edward the against authority King Cnut (Canute) Confessor made England Danelaw The area of England controlled Anglo-Saxon again King Edward the Confessor by the Vikings Key Words 1066 and the Norman conquest Knowledge organiser Witan The advisors of the Anglo-Saxon Chronology Common misconceptions king Earls Rich and powerful land owners. January 1066 Edward the Confessor dies with no heir The surviving accounts of the Battle of Hastings are all suspect. They Earldom The area of land controlled by Earls. were either written by Anglo-Saxon writers who hated the Normans Thegn Smaller landowners. September Harald Hardrada and as foreign overlords, or they were authored by Normans who had an interest in misrepresenting events. 1066 Vikings invade England in Ceorl Ordinary people who owned just the North Beginning at 9am on 14 October 1066 the battle lasted less than a enough land to grow food on. day and is believed to have been over by nightfall. But although this Thrall Anglo-Saxon slave may seem short by today’s standards, at the time such battles were 20th Battle of Fulford Gate – heir A person legally entitled to the often over within an hour. September Vikings defeat Morcar and property or rank of another on that an English army There is much debate over how many men were put forward by person's death. 25th Battle of Stamford Bridge each of the opposing sides, though it is currently thought that both The Feudal A system of land control. system September – Harold defeats Harald armies had between 5,000 and 7,000 men. Oath A sacred promise. Hardrada– English victory. Housecarl Harold Godwinson’s elite soldiers 14th October Battle of Hastings – Fyrd Harold Godwinson’s inexperienced Norman victory. Harold soldiers Godwinson is killed. Senlac hill The area of land occupied by Harold’s army at the Battle of December William the Conqueror is Hastings 1066 crowned King of England Bayeux 70 metre long cloth created in the Tapestry 1070s depicting events before, 1069 Harrying of the North during and after the battle of Hastings. Domesday A survey ordered by King William 1085 Creation of the Domesday Useful Websites and Books book Revision websites: book Motte and a fortification with a wooden or https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zsjnb9q/revision/1 Bailey castle stone keep situated on a raised area https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/class-clips-video/history-ks3-ks4- Key people of ground called a motte, Harold Godwinson 1066/zrnd7nb accompanied by a walled courtyard, Harald Hardrada DVD: ‘1066 A year to conquer England’ or bailey, surrounded by a William I Fiction: Anglo-Saxon Boy by Tony Bradman – a story of 1066 woven protective ditch and palisade. Edward the Confessor around Magnus, young son of the Earl of Wessex. Edgar Aethling