A pathway to Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History Exploring History: SAMPLE Monarchs, Monks & Migrants Monarchs, MATERIAL NEW FOR 2017 Author: Lorem Ipsom www.pearsonschools.co.uk [email protected] Monarchs, Monks & Migrants Contents – Book 1 How to use this book 4 Chapter 4: The Problems of Medieval Monarchs Exploring History Historical Anachronisms 6 Who were England’s Medieval Monarchs? 104 What is Chronology? 8 How important were England’s The Process of History 10 medieval queens? 108 A pathway to Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History Medieval Timeline 12 What have we learned? Interpretations 116 How powerful were English monarchs? 118 Chapter 1: The Norman Conquest Based on the Edexcel Scheme of Work, Pearson’s brand-new What have we learned? Causation 134 What was England like before the Battle Exploring History resources for KS3 are designed to inspire of Hastings? 16 young historians and equip them with the skills and knowledge Why was England a Battlefi eld in 1066? 24 Chapter 5: The Black Death needed to go on to study Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History. What have we learned?: Causation 38 Was 1348 the end of the world? 136 Material We think our resources speak for themselves, so here’s some How did William take control of England? 40 What have we learned? Evidence 148 hot-off-the press sample material for you to browse and enjoy. What have we learned?: Evidence 48 What was it like to live in the shadow of Sample the Black Death? 150 What have we learned? Change 162 Chapter 2: Religion in Medieval England Why was the church central to people’s Chapter 6: Migration What’s there to see? everyday lives? 50 What is Thematic History? 164 What have we learned? Evidence 60 Who were the fi rst English people? 166 Samples from Exploring History Student Book 1 Why was the Archbishop of Canterbury murdered? 62 What have we learned? Chronology 178 Monarchs, Monks and Migrants Did the Church make everyone good? 70 What drove people to migrate? 180 Contents - Book 1 .........................................Page 3 What have we learned? Analytical Narrative 74 How have migrants changed Britain? 188 What have we learned? Interpretation 192 Chapter 1 ........................................................Pages 4-37 Chapter 3: The Crusades Acknowledgements ......................................Page 38 Why was Jerusalem worth dying for? 76 What happened to the princes in the tower? 194 What have we learned? Evidence 88 Pearson Progression Services ......................Page 39 Did the Crusades change the Holy Land? 90 Glossary 198 Next steps ......................................................Page 40 What have we learned? Change 102 Answers 200 Index 201 iii EXPLORINGHISTORY_Prelims.indd 3 14/06/2017 13:47 What was England like before the Battle of Hastings? What was England like before the What can we learn from archaeologists Battle of Hastings? and historians about Anglo-Saxon Timeline England? Invaders of Britain, 410–1042 England before the Battle of Hastings was a land of huge forests, great open fi elds, villages and small Historians living in England before 1066 were towns. It had been part of the Roman Empire since AD 43, but in 410 the Roman army le , along with 410: Roman usually monks. They were among the few people most of the Roman people who had settled in Britain. Rome itself was being threatened by tribes army leaves 440s: Saxon raids who could both read and write. They took a keen from northern Europe and the army was needed to defend the city. The same tribes raided, invaded Britain begin interest in what was happening around them and and settled in England, a country that the Romans had le almost defenceless. what had happened in the past. Monks o en had 477–95: In 1042, England was fi nally peacefully united under one king: King Edward the Confessor. About a very fi rm point of view. Saxons settle in 1.5 million people, mainly Anglo-Saxons*, lived in England and most of them worked on the land. It Sussex and Wessex was a prosperous country, where agriculture and industry fl ourished. Governed by the king, who was Source A: Written by a monk, the Venerable 597: Augustine’s advised by a council of powerful nobles, Anglo-Saxon England was generally peaceful. Most people Bede, in his Ecclesiastical History of the English Christian mission 620s: Sutton understood and accepted their place in society: who they had to obey, and who had to obey them. People in 731. Here he is describing the arrival arrives in Kent Hoo burial of the Saxons in around AD 440. This section of the book will look at: ey came from three very powerful Germanic 793–95: • the chronology of the history of England from 410 to 1066 tribes, the Saxons, Angles and Jutes. From the 865: Viking Vikings raid Lindisfarne, Jarrow • the ways in which people lived and were governed in Anglo-Saxon England from 1042 to 1066 Saxon country, that is, the district now known as ‘Great Army’ Old Saxony, came the east Saxons, the South Saxons arrives and Iona • some of the ways that archaeologists and historians* have found out about Anglo-Saxon England. and the West Saxons. It was not long before such 871: Alfred hordes of these alien people crowded into the island 878: Alfred defeats becomes king that the natives who had invited them began to live the Vikings at of Wessex in terror. ese heathen conquerors devastated the Edington Welcome to Anglo-Saxon England surrounding cities and countryside and established a stranglehold over nearly all the doomed island. Learning objectives Your turn! What do you think? • Know about the chronology of English history from 410 to 1066. 1 In which centuries did these events • Understand the importance of the work of archaeologists and What do you think life in occur: historians in fi nding out about Anglo-Saxon England. England was like before 1066? a) the Saxon raids began b) the Vikings raided Lindisfarne c) Alfred became king of Wessex? ‘Look to your own defences.’ With these chilling words from their 2 Work with a partner. Write down Key terms emperor in AD 410, the Roman army le Britain. In the centuries everything you can fi nd out from that followed, Scots and Picts, Jutes and Vikings, Angles and Saxons Anglo-Saxon*: The name Source A about the Saxon invasions. raided and invaded Britain. Some stayed for a short time, some ‘Anglo-Saxon’ comes from the 3 The author of Source A was a monk. for longer, and some didn’t stay for any more time than it took to Angles and the Saxons, two Do you think this would have grab whatever their raiding parties could lay their hands on. Most of the north European tribes infl uenced the way he wrote about the of them fought each other. What sort of country, and what sort of that invaded and lived in invasions? Discuss this in your class. people, emerged from these chaotic years? Britain from the fi h century Try to reach a decision together. onwards. We are going to look at some items from this period to see what we 4 Look carefully at Source B. What does Historian*: A person who can learn from them about the people who made them and used it tell you about Anglo-Saxon society studies the events of the them. But fi rst we need to get the raiders and invaders, and the at that time? Write two or three past, usually by working with important things they did, in the right order, which is shown in the Source B: A necklace found in the grave of sentences about this. For example, you written sources, objects and Timeline. a Saxon woman. It is made from gold, glass might think about cra skills or the and garnets, which are semi-precious stones. paintings le behind. importance in society of some women. Archaeologists date it from around AD 600. 16 17 M01_ExpHistory1_SB_KS3_XXXX_U01.indd 16 07/06/2017 08:05 M01_ExpHistory1_SB_KS3_XXXX_U01.indd 17 07/06/2017 08:05 The Norman Conquest What was England like before the Battle of Hastings? Source F: From the entry in the Anglo-Saxon The Sutton Hoo Chronicle* for the year 793. It describes the Viking attack on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne, burial o the coast of Northumbria. In 1939, archaeologists* excavated a grassy mound at Sutton Hoo in Su olk. They discovered is year came dreadful warnings over the land a huge Anglo-Saxon ship that had been dragged of the Northumbrians, terrifying the people most inland and laid in a trench. By comparing it to ship woefully. Immense sheets of light rushed through burials in Scandinavia, archaeologists knew the the air, and whirlwinds, and fi ery dragons fl ying ship had been used as a burial place. The wooden across the skies. ese tremendous signs were ship had rotted away, but what remained included followed by a great famine; and not long after gold and silver bowls and brooches, spoons and came the dreadful invasions of heathen men. ey swords, coins and all kinds of treasure. These had made terrible havoc in the church of God in Holy been put there in the belief that the dead person Island by rape and slaughter. could use them in his next life. Archaeologists and historians worked out that this was probably the burial place of Raedwald, king of East Anglia, who Key term died in about AD 625. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle*: This book was started by monks towards the end of the 9th century Key term and updated by them until about 1154. It Source E: Archaeologists believe that this was detailed the history of the Anglo-Saxons.