University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2011 A NEW MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE FORMATION MODEL: THUNDER BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Alicia Lynn Caporaso University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Caporaso, Alicia Lynn, "A NEW MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE FORMATION MODEL: THUNDER BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY" (2011). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 1138. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/1138 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. A NEW MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE FORMATION MODEL: THUNDER BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY BY ALICIA LYNN CAPO RASO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2011 ABSTRACT Archaeology should strive to explore and seek to improve our understanding of human behavior. Underwater archaeology, especially shipwreck archaeology, tends to be particularistic focusing on the human activities associated with a ship or shipwreck itself. Human behavior and its resultant material remains exist on a physical and cultural landscape and cannot be separated from it. Studying known archaeological sites within the landscape reveals patterns of human behavior that can only be identified within that context. This research explores the relationship between the social and natural world and the archaeological landscape at Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve. The 448 square miles of sanctuary range in depth from a few feet to nearly 200 feet, and hold at least 100 known and identified shipwrecks and perhaps another 100 unidentified shipwrecks , at various depths ranging from zero to over 100 feet.