Contemporary distributions of species and subspecies in Europe (Apoidea: : Panurginae)

Sébastien Patiny

Abstract The largest number of Old World Panurginus Nylander, 1848 species is distributed in the West- Palaearctic. The genus is absent in Africa and rather rare in the East-Palaearctic. Warncke (1972, 1987), who is the main author treating Palaearctic Panurginae in the last decades, subdivided Panurginus into a small number of species, including two principal taxa admitting for each a very large number of subspecies: Panurginus brullei (Lepeletier, 1841) and Panurginus montanus Giraud, 1861. Following recent works, the two latter are in fact complexes of closely related species. In the West-Palaearctic context, distributions of certain species implied in these complexes appear as very singular, distinct of mostly all other Panurginae ranges and highly interesting from a fundamental point of view. Based on a cartographic approach, the causes which influence (or have conditioned, in the past) the observed ranges of these species are discussed.

Key words: Panurginae, biogeography, West-Palaearctic, speciation, glaciation.

Introduction 1841) sensu lato are studied in the present paper. In the Old World Panurginae fauna, Panurginus The numerous particularities of their distribu- Nylander, 1848 is one of the only two genera tions are characterized and discussed here. The (with Latreille, 1809) which are limits of these distributions were proposed and distributed in the entire Palaearctic region. The related to the contemporary and past develop- genera Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843 and Panur- ments which could have caused these ranges. gus Panzer, 1806 are also represented in the East- Palaearctic (in northern Thailand), but too few Catalogue of the old world species data are available for these genera to make them of Panurginus the subject of particular considerations. From the biogeographical point of view, Panur- Panurginus Nylander, 1848 ginus is even more singular in being the only Type species: Panurginus niger Nylander, 1848 Holarctic Panurginae genus. In spite of this par- = Panurginus Nylander, 1848 ticularly wide range, most of the known Old = Scrapteroides Gribodo, 1894 World Panurginus species are concentrated in = (Panurginus) (Nylander, 1848) in the West-Palaearctic region. Warncke (1972). As the largest part of the West-Palaearctic = Panurginus (Panurginus) Nylander, 1848 in Panurginae systematics, the knowledge of Ruz (1986) Panurginus is mainly reported in Warncke’s works (1972, 1987) and reviewed by some Panurginus albopilosus Lucas, 1849 authors (Patiny 1999, 2001, Rasmont et al. 1995, = P. annulipes Lucas, 1849 Schwarz et al. 1996). According to all authors, = P. politus Benoist, 1937 two major species groups exist (and some other = Panurgus (Panurginus) albopilosus Lucas, independant species), which were considered by 1849 in Warncke (1972) Warncke as species including a large number of Panurginus alpinus Warncke, 1972 subspecies. = Panurgus (Panurginus) montanus alpinus The taxa Panurginus montanus Giraud, 1861 Warncke, 1972 sensu lato and Panurginus brullei (Lepeletier, Panurginus alticolus Morawitz, 1876

Proc. 13th Int. Coll. EIS, September 2001: pp. 115-121 (2003) 115 Proceedings 13th international colloquium European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden, 2-5 September 2001

= Panurgus (Panurginus) montanus alticolus and P. tunensis. These ranges characterize the Morawitz, 1876 in Warncke, 1972 three kinds of Panurginus distribution in the Panurginus annulatus (Sichel, 1859) western part of the Mediterranean basin. Panur- = P. difformis Gribodo, 1894 ginus albopilosus is typically Ibero-Maghrebian, = P. halictoides Gribodo, 1861 P. annulatus is strictly Spanish and P. tunensis is = Panurgus (Panurginus) brullei annulatus only Maghrebian. (Sichel, 1859) in Warncke, 1972