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Republique Democratique Du Congo ICC-01/04-01/06-3344-Anx1 21-07-2017 1/69 NM T Juillet 2003 Vol. 15, No. 11 (A) REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO ITURI : “COUVERT DE SANG” Violence ciblée sur certaines ethnies dans le Nord-Est de la RDC I. RESUME ...............................................................................................................................................................1 II. RECOMMANDATIONS .....................................................................................................................................4 Aux gouvernements de l’Ouganda, du Rwanda et de la RDC : .............................................................................4 Au gouvernement ougandais : ................................................................................................................................4 Au gouvernement de la RDC : ...............................................................................................................................4 Aux groupes politiques armés hema, lendu, ngiti et autres : ..................................................................................4 Aux Nations Unies : ...............................................................................................................................................4 Aux bailleurs : ........................................................................................................................................................5 Au bureau du Procureur de la Cour Pénale Internationale : ...................................................................................5 III. LE CONTEXTE : LES ACTEURS EXTERIEURS ...........................................................................................6 Le processus de paix et l’Ituri ................................................................................................................................6 Le RCD-ML et ses liens avec des groupes ethniques en Ituri ................................................................................6 Manipulation par l’Ouganda de la situation politique locale ..................................................................................7 La réponse du gouvernement ougandais ............................................................................................................9 Le rôle du gouvernement de la RDC en Ituri ....................................................................................................... 10 Assistance militaire au RCD-ML et à d’autres groupes armés ......................................................................... 10 Prise en otage du Ministre RDC des droits humains ........................................................................................ 11 Implication du RCD-Goma et du gouvernement rwandais en Ituri ...................................................................... 12 Gain économique .................................................................................................................................................. 14 IV. CONTEXTE LOCAL – GROUPES POLITIQUES ARMES ........................................................................... 17 Mandataires poursuivant leurs propres intérêts .................................................................................................... 17 Qui est qui – Groupes politiques armés en Ituri (mai 2003) ............................................................................. 17 Le conflit entre Hema et Lendu ............................................................................................................................ 20 Rumeur, propagande et préjugés ...................................................................................................................... 21 V. Massacres et autres abus contre les droits humains ............................................................................................ 22 L’attaque contre Bunia ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Massacres et autres abus commis par l’UPC ........................................................................................................ 24 Le gouvernement UPC et la montée de l’extrémisme ...................................................................................... 24 L’attaque de Mabanga ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Le massacre de Songolo ................................................................................................................................... 25 Massacre à Mongbwalu .................................................................................................................................... 26 Abus commis par l’UPC contre des Lendu et d’autres perçus comme des opposants politiques .................... 30 Massacres et autres abus commis par l’APC et par des groupes armés lendu et ngiti ......................................... 34 Le massacre de Nyakunde ................................................................................................................................ 34 Exécutions sommaires perpétrées par les Lendu et les Ngiti tolérées par les autorités du RCD-ML .............. 39 Abus commis par le MLC et le RCD-N ............................................................................................................... 40 Exécutions sommaires et pillages à Mambasa ................................................................................................. 40 Assassinat du gouverneur Joseph Eneko .............................................................................................................. 42 Bloquer l’aide humanitaire et prendre les travailleurs humanitaires pour cibles ................................................. 43 Les meurtres d’employés du CICR .................................................................................................................. 45 Actes inhumains – cannibalisme et mutilations délibérées de cadavres ............................................................... 47 Violence sexuelle .................................................................................................................................................. 48 Les enfants soldats ................................................................................................................................................ 51 VI. LA SITUATION ACTUELLE .......................................................................................................................... 54 ICC-01/04-01/06-3344-Anx1 21-07-2017 2/69 NM T Juillet 2003 Vol. 15, No. 11 (A) VII. DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET JUSTICE ...................................................................................................... 55 Droit international humanitaire ............................................................................................................................ 55 La Cour Pénale Internationale .............................................................................................................................. 56 VIII. LA REPONSE DE LA COMMUNAUTE INTERNATIONALE .................................................................. 58 Les Nations Unies et la MONUC ......................................................................................................................... 58 Les bailleurs internationaux ................................................................................................................................. 60 L’Union Européenne ............................................................................................................................................ 61 Le Royaume Uni................................................................................................................................................... 62 Les Etats Unis ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 REMERCIEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................ 64 « On n’échappe pas à l’horreur. » ............................................................................................................................ 65 LISTE DES SIGLES ................................................................................................................................................ 66 ICC-01/04-01/06-3344-Anx1 21-07-2017 3/69 NM T I. RESUME L’Ituri est souvent décrit comme l’un des coins les plus sanglants de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Malgré trois accords de paix censés mettre un terme à la guerre qui dure depuis cinq ans au Congo, les combats dans le Nord-Est de la RDC se sont intensifiés, fin 2002 et début 2003. Début mai 2003, des centaines de civils ont été massacrés dans la ville de Bunia et des dizaines de milliers d’autres ont été forcés de fuir. Certains ont cherché refuge près de l’enceinte des Nations Unies, espérant désespérément trouver une protection contre la violence. Alors que la communauté internationale se concentrait sur la ville de Bunia, les massacres se sont poursuivis dans d’autres parties de l’Ituri, loin de l’attention des médias. Comme l’a décrit un témoin : « L’Itui était couvert de sang. » Sur la base des informations rassemblées
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