Canadian Minerologist Vol.28, pp. 181-184(1990)

BOOKREVIEWS

Monteregian Treasur*, the Minerals of Mont Saint- systems.Appendix B givesX-ray powdo-diffragtion Hilaire, Quebec. By J. A. Mandarino and V. data in two separatesections: as an alphabetical spe- Anderson. Cambridge University Press,New York, cies list with the six strongest reflections, and as a 1989,281 pages,U.S.$85.fr). search index patterned after the Hanawalt method In less than thirty years Mont Saint-Hilaire, of JCPDS. Appendix C tabulates the species Quebec has emerged as one of the world's most accordingto tle ten geologicalenvironments outlined imFortant mineral localities. Over 2Z) confirmed spe- in Part one, Appendix D is a Dana classification of cies have been found to date, 15 of which are new the observed species,and Appendix E contains an to science,and a long list of unknowns still awaits exhaustivecompilation of chemicalanalyses of Mont further investigation. The majority of theseminerals Saint-Hilaire minerals presented in 4l tables occur in well-developed crystals and are eagerly according to chemical class.A comprehensivelist of sought by collectors from the amateur and profes- referencesis given in Part four. sional communitis alike. Large, high-quality crystals The text is clearly written throughout and can be ofsuch exotic speciesas leifite, carletonite, serand- read with easeby both professionals and educated ite, catapleiite,petarasite, and numerousothers have amateurs. Though not intended to be a comprehen- not been found elsewhere. sive petrological treatise, the sestion on the geology Monteregj an Treasuresis the first comprehensive ofthe occurrenceis disappointingly brief. There are work to deal with the mineralogy of Mont Saint- no geologicalor location maps given for the localiry. Hilaire. The text is divided into four parts. Part one $imilarly, the parageneticorganization of species presentsan abbreviated history of the evolution of according to their modes of ocqurence is both Mont Saint-Hilaire as a significant mineral locality desirableand instructive, but could have beenmuch and cratefully acknowledgestle role of the amateur more informative if developed further. A number in its development.A brief discussionof the geology of pageshave noticeable blank spaces,which some and petrology of the ocsurrence identifies ten geo- readersmay find objectionable, though others will logical environments of mineralogical interest: peg- probably welcomethis spaceto add their own notes matites, altered pegmatites,sodalite syenite, silicate- and new information as it becomesavailable. Simi- dominant cavities in nepheline syenite, carbonate- larly, opinions will probably be divided on the deci- dominant cavities in nepheline syenite, igneous sion to use only photomicrographs to illustrate breccia cavities, hornfels, marble xenoliths, sodalite specimensknown to exist plentifully as much larger xenoliths and rock-forming minslals. The distribu- specimens;but neither is that of seriousconsequence, tions of minerals among shemical classes,of chem- as Violet Anderson has done an admirable job in ical classesamong envirornents and of chemicalele- accurately rendering each speciesphotographed' an ments among environments also are considered. extremely difficult task consldering the subject size Part two constitutes the bulk of the text and pro- and technical limitations imposed by photomicrog- vides descriptiveand illustrative information for 221 raphy. Lastly, it would have been helpful to those species.Individual descriptionsare presentedalpha- readerswho may lack a firm understanding of crys- betically by speciesor group and include introduc- talloeraphy if the forms describedin the figure cap- tory remarks, notes on app€arance,physical proper- tions were also labeled on the crystal drawings. ties, occurrence and associated minerals, optical Regardless of any minor shortcomings, Mon- properties, chemical data, crystallography, distin- teregian Treasuresis a comprehensive, up-to-date gurshing features and other data. Computer- descriptive mineralogical text that successfully generatedcrystal drawings, photomicrographs(both bridgesthe gap betweenthe amateurand professional color and black and white) by Violet Anderson and minssal6gisl, and is certain to remain the definitive sketchesby Robert Fisher and Garry Glenn provide work on this classicminelnl locality for a long time a pleasing visual impast and illustrate well the spe- to come. Though moderately expensiveat U.S. cies they depict. $85.00, it wil be worth every p€nny to all serious Part tlree consistsof five useful appendicesthat collectors and professionals interestedin the miner- will be invaluable to those who routinely work with alogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire or alkali syenite com- Mont Saint-Hilaire minerals. Appendix A consists plexes in general. of an alphabetical tabulation of speciesby crystal GeorgeW. Robinson system and determinative tables arranged by axial National Museum of Natural Sciences ratios @onnay tables) for each of the six crystal Ottawa 18r r82 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

Introduction to Crystal Chemistry gtudent edition). reasonalone, the professionalwould probably prefer By H.W. Jaffe. CambridgeUniversity Press,Cam- to buy the completemonograph volume. bridge, 1988, 161 pages,f,9.00 (soft-bound only). Lee A. Groat This studentedition is Part I (Chapters l-ll: prin- The University of British Columbia ciples of Crystal Chemistry and Refractivity) of a larger two-part monograph volume, Crystal Chemistry and Refractivity (reviewed rn Con. Mineral. 14, 535). Part II of the larger volume is Mineralization and Shear Zones. Edited by J.T. titlercDecriptive Crystal Chemistry. T:hestudent edi- Bursnall. Short CourseVolume 6, GeologicalAssoci- tion is softbound, witl a cover illustration by M.C. ation of Canada, Department of Earth Sciences, Escher ("Stars"). University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfound- The book begins with a comprehensivereview of land AIB 3X5, 1988,?29 + rti pages.$25.@ for atomic structure and the periodic table, followed by membersof GAC; $35.00for nonmembers(ISBN a chapter on spectra, ionization potential, elec- 0-9t92t6-39-0\. tronegativity, and chemical bonding. Chapters 3-5 deal wilh Pauling's rules and the chemistry of cova- Owing the economic significance of Archean vein lent and ionic bonds. Chapter 6 looks at external gold deposits,a large number of symposia,confer- (nontranslational) and internal (translational) sym- ences,and short courseshave held over the last few metry. Chapter 7 servesas a short introduction ro years to ex?mine aspects of the geology and crystal-field theory. The next two chapters(8-9) deal geochemistryof thesedeposits. This volume is the with polyhedral distortion, diadochy, and isostruc- product ofone such short course,held in conjunc- tural crystals.Density, volume, unit cellsand packing tion with the 1989GAC-MAC national convention are consideredin Chapter 10. The book concludes and focussingon the structural and geochemicalrela- with an excellent introduction to refractivity and tions of Au mineralizationto shearzones. In view polarizability, in which both tle Lorentz-Lorenz and of the close genetic link between the evolution of Gladstone-Dale relationships are described; these shear zones and the formation of vein mineraliza- topics are rarely mentioned in introductory text- tion, the material dealt with in this volume should books. Each chapter is followed by a summary and be of interdst to geologists from industry, govern- bibliocraphy, and there is a limited appendix of ment and universities,who are involved in the explo- crystal-structure diagrams. ration for or researchon vein lode-gold deposits. The illustrations consist of line drawings and The book basically coverstlree aspectsof the rela- black-and-white photographs of packing models. tions betweenshear zones and lode-gold minerali- Some of the line drawings are confusing; more zation: l) Structural geology of shear zotes, 2) descriptivefigure-captions would help. One diagram Geochemistry of fluids associatedwith shear zones @ig. 1.2) is labeled incorrectly; the d1, arrd d* and gold mineralization, and 3) Application of struc- orbitals should be defined as d4, arid do, respec- tural analysis to the understanding of gold miner- tively. The photographs are generally clear and alization in the Superior Province of Ontario and informative. Quebec. In someareas, this book is not up-to-date. A com- The first four chapters deat with reviews of the prehensivelisting of ionic radii endswith Whittaker principles of structural geology as applied to shear & Muntus (1970); there is no mention of the studies zones, and some of the implications to the genesis by Shannon& Prewitt (1969)and Shannon(1976). of mineralization. Chapter I "Review of Mechan- Zachariasen'searly (1963)paper on bond strengths icat Principles, Deformation Mechanismsand Shear is mentioned,but not Brown,s (1981)study of the Zone Rosks" coversthe basic conceptsofstress and bond-valencenethod. Theseomissions may limit the strain in relation to ttre formation of shearzones and book's usefulnessas a referencehandbook. much of the experimental and theoretical data on Introduction to Crystal Chemistry is an excellent which the concepts are based. In addition, the role introduction to the relationship between mineral of fluids in deformation and the controls on varia- optics and structual crystallography. It is suitable tions in the brittle-ductile behavior of rocks are sum- for advancedundergraduate and beginninggraduate marized. The chapter is clear and succinct; however, students who have completed coursesin introduc- it to someextent preemptsmuch of the material con- mines416gy. tory In general, Crystallogrophy and tained in the next three chapters. Chapter 2 "Tec- Crystal Chemrstryby F.D. Bloss (1971)is more com- tonic Environment and Metamorphic Characteristics prehensive, but it is also more expensive.It should of ShearZons" fosu$eson a more rnacroscopic,tec- be pointed out that several referencesin Introduc- tonic view of tle structural controls on formation tion to Crystal Chemistry refer to chapters in paxt and evolution of shearzones, as well as someasp€cts II of Crystal Chemistry and Refractivlty. For this of fluid chemistry. Unfortunately, the samematerial BOOK REVIEWS 183

is coveredin many of the first five chapters.Chapter in presenting applications of the use of structural 3 "Patterns of Mineralization" is ons of tle most data in solving specificproblems in mine geology. useful and significant contributions in the volume. In summary, I give the volume an overall good The chapter contains a detailed review of the link to very good rating and resommend its purchaseto betweenthe nature of deformation and the form of profasionals and graduatestudents interested in gold orebodieis.With numerous examplesfrom deposits depositsand structural controls on mineralization in worldwide and the documentation of the structural general. The quality of printing is good, the book controls involved in the formation of the deposits, is relatively error-free, and at $25 for GAC members this chapterby Dr. C.J. Hodgson could serveas a and $35 for nonmembers,it is a good buy. However, standardreference for the documentationof how the there are some aspectsof the book which keep it structural evolution of a shear zone controls orien- from being what I consider a complete success. tation, shape and continuity of mineralization. Firstly, there is simply too much redundant material Chapter 4 "Geodynamic Setting and Hydraulic in the first four chapters. Some repetition is good Regimes: Shear Zone Hosted Mesothermal Gold for emphasis, but here it becomes monotonous. Deposits" and Chapto 5 "GeochemicalEvidence on Secondly, the presence of chapter 5 on the the Sources of Fluids aud Solutes for Shear Zone geochemistryof Au veins in this otherwise structur- Hosted MesothermalAu Deposits" constitute a rela- ally oriented volume seemsincongruous. In the short tively succinct overview of Dr. R. Kerrich's contri- course from which the book was derived, there was butions to the understandingof shear-zone-hosted an additional presentation on the structure and Au mineralization over the past ten years. In chapter geochemistry of Au vein systems;unfortunately, a 4 Dr. Kerrich reviews some of the larger scale tec- contribution from this oral presentation is not tonic aspectsof the hydraulic regims associatedwith present in the volume. Finally, it would have been shearzones. The material overlaps with someof the quite useful to include one or two chapters to sum- information presentedin chapter 2, but placesmore marize the results of studies of fluids, structure and emphasison the movementof fluids in responseto mineralization in younger, analogousshear systems, deformation. Chapter 5 is a relatively extensive such as are exposed in the Alps or New Zealand. review of the geochemistry of Archean Au deposits In spite of these problems, the book is useful as coveringmajor, min91and trace elementratios and a summation of modern strucfural interpretation radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. Much related to shearzones and gold mineralizationand of the chapter is directed toward the evaluation of is worth purchasing. various models for the origin of fluids involved in the genesisof Archean lode-gold deposits. Bruce Nesbitt Chapters6 through 8 contain specific examplesof University of Alberta the application of strutural analysisto regional struc- tures and lode-gold depositsin the Superior Province of Ontario and Quebec.Chapter 6 "Recognition of Regional Shear Zones in South-central and North- SpectroscopicMethods in Mineralogt and Geology. westernSuperior Province of Ontario and Their Eco- Edited by Frank C. Hawthorne. Reviews in Miner- nomic Significance" is a well written report on the alogy, volume 18, Mineralogical Societyof America, studies by the Ontario Geological Survey of two Washington,D.C. 1988,698 pages U.S. $18(soft- differing structural regimes in central and western bound) (ISBN 0-939950-22-7). Ontario. As documented in the chapter, the two regimesdiffer substantially in their structural styles This book should be in a readily accessiblespot and, consequently,possess gold mineralization witl on the bookshelf on every mineral spectroscopist. differing structural characteristics.The chapter also It containsup-todate reviewsof mineralogicalappli- presentsa clear and well-documented record of the cations of all the major spectroscopies,including use of relatively small-scalestructural indicators in both older methods, such as optical spectroscopy deciphering the characteristics of large-scalestruc- (reviewedby G.R. Rossman)and M6ssbauerspec- tures. Chapter 7 "Structural Framework of the troscopy(reviewed by F.C. Hawthorne), and newer Abitibi GreenstoneBelt of Quebecand its Implica- areas, such as solid-state NMR spectroscopy tions for Mineral Exploration" is composedof two (reviewedby R.J. Kirkpatrick and J.F. Stebbinsin parts, with the first part characterizingthe large-scale separatearticles on static and dynamic properties) structural style of the Abitibi ctreenstonebelt in and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (reviewed by Quebec, and the secondpart focussing on details of G.E. Brown, Jr., G. Calas, G.A. Waychunasand the structure in the Dumagami structural zone. J. Petiau). There are also two very useful introduc- Chapter 8 "Shear Zones and Gold; Practical tory chapters on spectroscopicmethods in general Examples from the Southern Canadian Shield" Oy Calas and Hawthorne) and on symmetry' group draws on material presentedin the first four chapters theory and quantum mechanics(P.F. McMillan and 184 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST

A.C. Hess).The book is self-containedenough to ing komatiite-hosted Ni deposits, Sudbury, the seryeas a tefibook for a graduate courseon mineral U.S.S.R. and Chinesedeposits (both coveredin 19 spectroscopy,and its price comparesvery favorably lines), and Stillwater. The review of the Bushveld with that of most textbooks. My only disappoint- deposits is interesting: for example, the importance ment with the book lies in the small amount of atten- of grade control is stressedowing to the 35q0 dilu- tion given to theoretical studies of mineral spectra tion required fs1 mining the narrow widths of the in some of the chapters. Merensky Reef. Unfortunately, other parts of this chapter lack useful detail. For example, mention is Jack Tossell made of MINTEK's researsh into the problem of University of Maryland processingUG2 ore, but no referenceis given to an article by Overbeekel a/. in MINTEK's 1985Rwiew, which deals with this topic. The next three chapters are of particular interest Platinum-Group Element Eryloration By Dennis L. to exploration geologists becausetarget selection, Buchanan.Developments in Economic Geology, 26. exploration guidelines,and guidelinesfor evaluation Elsevier,Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1988, 185 of prospectsare discussed.World-wide examplesof pages.U.S. $79 (ISBN-M44429581). target selectionare given. Theseare basedon known ocqurences of mafic and ultramafic rocks hosting This book was written "...to presenta practical PGE mineralization,and are classifiedaccalding to set of guidelinesfor implementinga program of PGE tectonic settings,after numerouspublications on the exploration, detecting subtle indications of miner- subjectby A.J. Naldrett. The largestsection of the alization and assessingthe economicpotential of a chapter on.exploration guidelines is devoted to the group of mafic or ultramafic rocls." The author has lithogeochemistry of the Bushveld complex. The sought to achievethese goals by stressingthe mag- book endswith a summary, bibliography, and index. matic features of the Bushveld deposits, which he The technicalproduction of the book hasits good knows most intimately. features:the 16.5x25 cm format is handy, paper The first chapter is a slassiccommodity review to quality is good, and no typographical errors were set the scene, including history, inorganic chemis- found. It is unfortunate that the text, produced by try, geological associations,industrial uses,market- word processor, was printed with a somewhat thin ing, and strategicconsiderations. This is immediately (to my eyes)dot-matrix type. I believe the book is followed by a discussion of sulfide solubility con- a useful compilation for those interested in PGE trols, basedlargely on the author's own experimen- deposits,provided that it is understood that only the tal research.Chapter 3 is devoted to pyroxenes.The Bushveld-complex deposits are discussed in any succeedingchapter, titled "Phase chemistry of mafic detail. The book is, unfortunately, somewhatexpen- magma$: primary and secondary processes,,, sive for the individual, but within reach of compa- includes a rather sparsesection on PGE mineralogy. nies and many libraries. Chapter 5 is titled "lllining geology of the prin- cipal deposits" but is largely devoted to the Bush- Louis J. Cabri veld comFlex. There are a few paragraphs describ- Canada Centre for Mineral & Energy Technology

ERRATUM: CHARACTERIZATIONOF PHASESAND TWINS IN ALKALI FELDSPARS BY THE X-RAY PRECESSIONTECHNIOUE CATHERINER. McGREGOReup ROBERTB. FERGUSON CanadianMineralogist, Yol. 27, pp. 457482(1989)

T*o setsof figuresare wrongly positionedin the abovearticle. Figure I I was printed abovethe cap- tion for Figure 4, and vice verso. Figare 6 was printed above the caption for Figure 7, and vice verso. The error escapedthe attentionof the editor and the managingeditor, both of whom checkthe pageproofs; we offer sincereapologies to the authors and to our readers.