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Open-Air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 Open-air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Macau: Making Macau an Open-Air City Museum with "Sino-Portuguese Civilization" and "Gambling Culture" Xiaojian ZHENG College of Arts and Humanities, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China Email address [email protected] Abstract: In 2005, the "Macau Historic District" was included in the "World Heritage List" and became China's 31st World Cultural Heritage. This was an important turning point in Macau's 450-year urban development. In February 2019, the State Council issued the "Outline of the Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area", which clearly defined Macau's urban positioning. The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area has brought new development space and development opportunities to Macau, and also allowed Macau, a special city with a blend of Chinese and Western cultures for more than 400 years, to promote its research on history and culture to the national and local economy. The height of sustainable development. In the face of these opportunities and challenges, the development of diversified industries and the discovery of Macau's urban cultural heritage have become common topics in Macau and its surrounding cooperating regions. The thesis analyzes the three development stages of Macau's urban cultural orientation from the perspective of Macau's urban cultural orientation. Studies have shown that although the cultural orientation of Macau cities has risen to "the base of Chinese culture as the mainstream and multicultural coexistence exchange and cooperation base", there is still a vague positioning of the specific content of Chinese culture in Macau, and the controversy of the local "Gambling Culture" Evasion and other issues. The thesis proposes the concept of making Macau a synchronic open-air city museum with a Chinese culture as the mainstream and a multi-cultural coexistence of "Chinese-Portuguese civilization" and "Gambling Culture", providing a new way of thinking for the protection of urban areas and urban development in Macau. direction. Keywords: Macau, Open Air City Museum, Sino-Portuguese Civilization, Gambling Culture, World Heritage source: Macau Cultural Heritage Network) 1. Introduction In 2005, the "Macau Historic District" was included in the "World Heritage List" and became China's 31st World Cultural Heritage. (Figure 1) This is an important turning point in Macau's 450-year urban development. In February 2019, the State Council issued the "Outline of Development Planning for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area", which clearly defined Macau's positioning as "the construction of a world tourism and leisure center, a business cooperation service platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and the promotion of a moderately diversified economic development and the creation of a China Culture is the mainstream and multicultural coexistence exchange and cooperation base. " The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area has brought new development space and development opportunities to Macau, and also allowed Macau, a special city with a blend of Chinese and Western cultures for more than 400 years, to promote its research on history and culture to the national and local economy. The height of sustainable development. In the face of these opportunities and challenges, the development of diversified industries and the discovery of Macau's urban cultural heritage have become common topics in Macau and its surrounding cooperating regions. Figure 1. Map of Macau's assessed real estate and buffer zone. (Photo 1 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 Open-air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Macau: Making Macau an Open-Air City Museum with "Sino-Portuguese Civilization" and "Gambling Culture" 2. Three stages of development of should seize the opportunity and actively act as a center for building the world tourism and leisure center with Hengqin Macau's urban cultural positioning through the system innovation with the support of the central Macau's protection of cultural heritage in cities started government. And driving role. earlier and was a pioneer in the protection of urban cultural Table 1. Statistics of Macau's industrial structure in 2018 (Data source: heritage in Asia, especially in the 1970s and 1980s. This was Governo da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau Direcção dos the most prosperous period of protection of cultural heritage Serviços de Estatística e Censos) [1] in Macau. Carlos Marreiros is known as the "Hero Period" . Total value added for the Real change rate (%) proportion(%) Proportion Before the reunification, the Australian and Portuguese year (in millions of patacas) difference 2,017 2,018 2,017 2,018 2,017 2,018 (%) governments carried out a series of cultural heritage total 397,633 437,155 9.1 5.8 100.0 100.0 - protection based on the purpose of perpetuating their cultural Secondary 20,138 18,273 -21.1 -12.3 5.1 4.2 -0.9 [2] industry heritage in Macau . In contrast, 15 years after successfully manufacturi 2,259 2,394 7.7 5.8 0.6 0.5 0# ng applying for World Heritage, the exploration and protection Hydropower 2,990 2,697 17.2 -14.2 0.8 0.6 -0.1 and gas of Macau's urban culture is no longer confined to the production and supply traditional "historical city", but to further expand the cultural Constructio 14,889 13,182 -29.5 -14.7 3.7 3.0 -0.7 n industry connotation behind its city. The success of the application for Tertiary 377,495 418,883 11.3 6.8 94.9 95.8 0.9 Industry inheritance in 2005 means that Macau's unique cultural Wholesale 22,743 25,480 23.3 5.9 5.7 5.8 0.1 and retail heritage has been recognized by the world and has become trade Hotel 17,055 20,325 8.6 11.4 4.3 4.6 0.4 Macau's new engine of economic growth. How to better industry Catering 6,887 7,128 0.2 3.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1 promote Macau's "urban brand" and establish the industry Transportati 10,526 11,333 2.1 7.7 2.6 2.6 -0.1 development advantages of Macau at the national and on, storage and regional levels is a direction worth thinking about now. communicat ions banking 21,553 23,253 9.2 -2.3 5.4 5.3 -0.1 2.1. World Tourism and Leisure Center Insurance 4,213 5,644 -12.0 25.9 1.1 1.3 0.2 and retirement The National Development and Reform Commission funds Real estate 41,578 41,941 5.3 -5.3 10.5 9.6 -0.9 promulgated the Outline of the Reform and Development business Leasing and 18,504 20,718 9.9 8.7 4.7 4.7 0.1 Plan for the Pearl River Delta Region (2008-2020) on Business Services January 8, 2009. It proposed "supporting the development of Public 17,064 17,957 2.5 2.8 4.3 4.1 -0.2 administrati the service industry in cooperation between Guangdong, on education Hong Kong and Macau, and consolidating Macau's status as 7,484 8,019 0.9 9.5 1.9 1.8 0# Health and 5,760 6,258 2.4 3.5 1.4 1.4 0# a world tourism and leisure center". This is the first time that Social Welfare the city's positioning in Macau has been explicitly written Gaming and 194,943 220,841 16.0 10.0 49.0 50.5 1.5 Gaming into the national-level development plan. As the basic city of Intermediari es Macau, it is positioned as the "World Tourism and Leisure Other 9,184 9,986 -4.2 1.8 2.3 2.3 0# groups, social and Center". The urban culture behind it is also defined. personal services and In addition to the core concept of "tourism and leisure", households employing there is also a consensus that "internationalization" is the city domestic orientation of "World Tourism and leisure center". From the helpers perspective of internationalization, Macau has many resource In addition, according to (Table 1) the industrial structure advantages of "people without me". For example, the statistics of Macau in 2018, the potential risks of over-travel historical city of Macau, which is rated as the world cultural also need to be faced up, and a more complete design must heritage, has the most active and diversified gaming and be adopted to make the amount of Macau's tourist reception entertainment industry in Macau. How to give full play to in line with the construction goals of Macau cities and regional advantages and optimize the cultural structure of the actively participate in the construction of world-class tourist city? It has become a problem that should be considered at destinations in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater present. Bay Area. "Macau's construction of the world tourism and leisure 2.2. Sino-Portuguese business cooperation service platform center is an important part of the national development strategy, and the macro positioning of the world tourism and Chapter 14 of Chapter 57 of the Outline of the Twelfth leisure center is conducive to Macau's sustainable economic Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social and social development." Since its return, Macau's tourism Development of the People's Republic of China promulgated and leisure industry has made remarkable achievements, in 2011 states that "Support Macau to build a world tourism showing the advantages and characteristics of industrial and leisure center and accelerate the development of China development, but there are also some problems, facing and Portuguese-speaking countries business cooperation certain challenges.
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