Open-Air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural

SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001

Open-air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Macau: Making Macau an Open-Air City Museum with "Sino-Portuguese Civilization" and "Gambling Culture"

Xiaojian ZHENG

College of Arts and Humanities, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China Email address [email protected] Abstract: In 2005, the "Macau Historic District" was included in the "World Heritage List" and became China's 31st World Cultural Heritage. This was an important turning point in Macau's 450-year urban development. In February 2019, the State Council issued the "Outline of the Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area", which clearly defined Macau's urban positioning. The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area has brought new development space and development opportunities to Macau, and also allowed Macau, a special city with a blend of Chinese and Western cultures for more than 400 years, to promote its research on history and culture to the national and local economy. The height of sustainable development. In the face of these opportunities and challenges, the development of diversified industries and the discovery of Macau's urban cultural heritage have become common topics in Macau and its surrounding cooperating regions. The thesis analyzes the three development stages of Macau's urban cultural orientation from the perspective of Macau's urban cultural orientation. Studies have shown that although the cultural orientation of Macau cities has risen to "the base of Chinese culture as the mainstream and multicultural coexistence exchange and cooperation base", there is still a vague positioning of the specific content of Chinese culture in Macau, and the controversy of the local "Gambling Culture" Evasion and other issues. The thesis proposes the concept of making Macau a synchronic open-air city museum with a Chinese culture as the mainstream and a multi-cultural coexistence of "Chinese-Portuguese civilization" and "Gambling Culture", providing a new way of thinking for the protection of urban areas and urban development in Macau. direction. Keywords: Macau, Open Air City Museum, Sino-Portuguese Civilization, Gambling Culture, World Heritage

source: Macau Cultural Heritage Network) 1. Introduction In 2005, the "Macau Historic District" was included in the "World Heritage List" and became China's 31st World Cultural Heritage. (Figure 1) This is an important turning point in Macau's 450-year urban development. In February 2019, the State Council issued the "Outline of Development Planning for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area", which clearly defined Macau's positioning as "the construction of a world tourism and leisure center, a business cooperation service platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and the promotion of a moderately diversified economic development and the creation of a China Culture is the mainstream and multicultural coexistence exchange and cooperation base. " The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area has brought new development space and development opportunities to Macau, and also allowed Macau, a special city with a blend of Chinese and Western cultures for more than 400 years, to promote its research on history and culture to the national and local economy. The height of sustainable development. In the face of these opportunities and challenges, the development of diversified industries and the discovery of Macau's urban cultural heritage have become common topics in Macau and its surrounding cooperating regions.

Figure 1. Map of Macau's assessed real estate and buffer zone. (Photo

1 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 Open-air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Macau: Making Macau an Open-Air City Museum with "Sino-Portuguese Civilization" and "Gambling Culture" 2. Three stages of development of should seize the opportunity and actively act as a center for building the world tourism and leisure center with Hengqin Macau's urban cultural positioning through the system innovation with the support of the central Macau's protection of cultural heritage in cities started government. And driving role. earlier and was a pioneer in the protection of urban cultural Table 1. Statistics of Macau's industrial structure in 2018 (Data source: heritage in Asia, especially in the 1970s and 1980s. This was Governo da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau Direcção dos the most prosperous period of protection of cultural heritage Serviços de Estatística e Censos) [1] in Macau. Carlos Marreiros is known as the "Hero Period" . Total value added for the Real change rate (%) proportion(%) Proportion Before the reunification, the Australian and Portuguese year (in millions of patacas) difference 2,017 2,018 2,017 2,018 2,017 2,018 (%) governments carried out a series of cultural heritage total 397,633 437,155 9.1 5.8 100.0 100.0 - protection based on the purpose of perpetuating their cultural Secondary 20,138 18,273 -21.1 -12.3 5.1 4.2 -0.9 [2] industry heritage in Macau . In contrast, 15 years after successfully manufacturi 2,259 2,394 7.7 5.8 0.6 0.5 0# ng applying for World Heritage, the exploration and protection Hydropower 2,990 2,697 17.2 -14.2 0.8 0.6 -0.1 and gas of Macau's urban culture is no longer confined to the production and supply traditional "historical city", but to further expand the cultural Constructio 14,889 13,182 -29.5 -14.7 3.7 3.0 -0.7 n industry connotation behind its city. The success of the application for Tertiary 377,495 418,883 11.3 6.8 94.9 95.8 0.9 Industry inheritance in 2005 means that Macau's unique cultural Wholesale 22,743 25,480 23.3 5.9 5.7 5.8 0.1 and retail heritage has been recognized by the world and has become trade Hotel 17,055 20,325 8.6 11.4 4.3 4.6 0.4 Macau's new engine of economic growth. How to better industry Catering 6,887 7,128 0.2 3.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1 promote Macau's "urban brand" and establish the industry Transportati 10,526 11,333 2.1 7.7 2.6 2.6 -0.1 development advantages of Macau at the national and on, storage and regional levels is a direction worth thinking about now. communicat ions banking 21,553 23,253 9.2 -2.3 5.4 5.3 -0.1 2.1. World Tourism and Leisure Center Insurance 4,213 5,644 -12.0 25.9 1.1 1.3 0.2 and retirement The National Development and Reform Commission funds Real estate 41,578 41,941 5.3 -5.3 10.5 9.6 -0.9 promulgated the Outline of the Reform and Development business Leasing and 18,504 20,718 9.9 8.7 4.7 4.7 0.1 Plan for the Pearl River Delta Region (2008-2020) on Business Services January 8, 2009. It proposed "supporting the development of Public 17,064 17,957 2.5 2.8 4.3 4.1 -0.2 administrati the service industry in cooperation between Guangdong, on education Hong Kong and Macau, and consolidating Macau's status as 7,484 8,019 0.9 9.5 1.9 1.8 0# Health and 5,760 6,258 2.4 3.5 1.4 1.4 0# a world tourism and leisure center". This is the first time that Social Welfare the city's positioning in Macau has been explicitly written Gaming and 194,943 220,841 16.0 10.0 49.0 50.5 1.5 Gaming into the national-level development plan. As the basic city of Intermediari es Macau, it is positioned as the "World Tourism and Leisure Other 9,184 9,986 -4.2 1.8 2.3 2.3 0# groups, social and Center". The urban culture behind it is also defined. personal services and In addition to the core concept of "tourism and leisure", households employing there is also a consensus that "internationalization" is the city domestic orientation of "World Tourism and leisure center". From the helpers perspective of internationalization, Macau has many resource In addition, according to (Table 1) the industrial structure advantages of "people without me". For example, the statistics of Macau in 2018, the potential risks of over-travel historical city of Macau, which is rated as the world cultural also need to be faced up, and a more complete design must heritage, has the most active and diversified gaming and be adopted to make the amount of Macau's tourist reception entertainment industry in Macau. How to give full play to in line with the construction goals of Macau cities and regional advantages and optimize the cultural structure of the actively participate in the construction of world-class tourist city? It has become a problem that should be considered at destinations in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater present. Bay Area. "Macau's construction of the world tourism and leisure 2.2. Sino-Portuguese business cooperation service platform center is an important part of the national development strategy, and the macro positioning of the world tourism and Chapter 14 of Chapter 57 of the Outline of the Twelfth leisure center is conducive to Macau's sustainable economic Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social and social development." Since its return, Macau's tourism Development of the People's Republic of China promulgated and leisure industry has made remarkable achievements, in 2011 states that "Support Macau to build a world tourism showing the advantages and characteristics of industrial and leisure center and accelerate the development of China development, but there are also some problems, facing and Portuguese-speaking countries business cooperation certain challenges. One belt, one road initiative city and the service platform. "Macau's city positioning adds important Great Bay Area Construction in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and content of the" China-Portugal business cooperation service Macau, as the "central city" of the Great Bay area, Macau platform ".

2 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 City Construction and Prospect in 2020 :The Third Postgraduate Forum of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area With a population of more than 200 million, spanning cultural heritage is concentrated in one place to better display multiple continents, most of them are Portuguese-speaking the local Cultural personality and social features. Here are countries along the "Belt and Road", making Macau's some examples of representative open-air urban museums. "bridge" role even more important. To date, Macau has achieved many achievements in building a Sino-Portuguese 3.2. Features and cases business cooperation service platform, including the 3.2.1. Skansen Open Air Museum construction of 'three centers', Sino-Portuguese financial One of the world's earliest "open-air museums" is the services, Sino-Portuguese business, and youth exchanges, Scandinavian Open-Air Museum, located in Stockholm, and a Sino-Portuguese business cooperation service platform Sweden, and founded in 1891. Take the Scandinavian Open complex, And broader cultural exchanges. The “Belt and Air Museum as an example. It covers an area of 2 million Road” initiative and the construction of the square meters, and it houses more than 100 ancient buildings Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area will inject such as houses, farmhouses, urban streets, handicraft more vitality and expand space for cooperation between workshops, churches, and bell towers in different styles Macau and Portuguese-speaking countries. Macau is an across Sweden, Designed to preserve and showcase the economic and trade platform, service platform, and cultural architecture and folklore of old Sweden. In the humble exchange that connects mainland China and wooden farmhouse, there are also furniture, stoves, farm Portuguese-speaking countries The platform of the “Belt and tools, spinning wheels, etc. at that time. Residents wearing Road” and the construction of the Guangdong-Hong various national costumes welcome visitors here, perform Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area make this platform wider and weaving and weaving and introduce their hometown utensils more prominent, enabling Portuguese-speaking countries to and customs. People can also see ironing, blowing glassware connect with larger consumer markets and share the fruits of and making pottery here, which are the epitome of local folk China's development. customs and living scenes [4]. 2.3. Exchange and cooperation base with Chinese culture 3.2.2. Korean Folk Village as the mainstream and multicultural coexistence Located about 41 kilometers south of Seoul, South Korean In July 2017, the National Development and Reform folk village opened in 1974, is the first open-air museum in Commission formally issued the "Framework Agreement on South Korea. It is the largest and most exhibited Museum in Deepening Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Cooperation to Asia, covering an area of 660000 square meters. The exhibits Promote the Construction of the Greater Bay Area," in which are 280 buildings with Korean style, and dynamic live Macau's urban positioning was once again sublimated. In performances and operation demonstrations. The folk February 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist customs it represents are the scenes of social production and Party of China and the State Council issued the "Outline of life of the Korean Li Dynasty (1392-1910) with a history of the Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong more than 500 years. The main entrance of the folk village is Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area", which once again clearly a typical Korean architecture, which is like entering the life defined Macau's positioning as "the construction of a world of people from all walks of life in the 19th century. Here we tourism and leisure center, a business cooperation service can see the houses of common people, aristocrats, landlords, platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and middle peasants, as well as the local Yamen and prison at and the promotion of a moderately diverse economy that time. South Korean folk village is still a vibrant "Develop and build a communication and cooperation base community, most of the houses in the village are inhabited, with Chinese culture as the mainstream and multicultural and most of the "villagers" are small business owners, who coexistence." This is an important policy-level change in are all dressed in Li Dynasty's ancient costumes so that Macau's urban culture from Portuguese culture to Chinese visitors can enter the folk village just like they went back to culture. North Korea. In the antique open-air market in the community, there are many local handicrafts, snacks, fruits, dry and fresh food, etc. there are also small restaurants near the market where you can taste traditional dishes. There are 3. Definition and characteristics of also crops, fields, and pastures in the folk village, where the open-air city museum villagers sow, harvest and celebrate the festival. South 3.1.Definition Korean Folk Village shows not only folk customs, but also Korean Grand View Garden integrating folk customs, An open-air museum is a special type of museum and national history, literature and art, and even natural science, belongs to outdoor museums. It "is an old form of a which provides a best place for domestic and foreign tourists traditional museum, which has been more than 100 years to know North Korea and leisure tourism [5]. old ... This exhibition method of moving a village or various representative farmhouses to the museum is very popular in 3.2.3. Meiji village in Japan some countries." [3] Specifically, the open-air museum is a Meiji Village Museum is located in the outskirts of collection of buildings and facilities that match specific Houshan City, Aichi County, Japan. It was officially opened themes in an outdoor area, and is restored and displayed in March 1965 in Showa, Japan. It is a beautiful hilly area, strictly in its original state, that is, a certain type or series of covering an area of 1 million square meters. The Meiji era of Japan is an era of absorbing European and American culture

3 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 Open-air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Macau: Making Macau an Open-Air City Museum with "Sino-Portuguese Civilization" and "Gambling Culture" for renovation. At that time, the buildings inherited the especially in Britain, have begun to reflect on how the human excellent Japanese architectural tradition of the Edo era of mind is related to the surrounding environment from the way Japan, and also absorbed the western architectural style and of human learning. In the traditional way, curators or scholars technology [6]. To preserve this precious architectural heritage define the contents of the exhibits, and on the label beside the and all kinds of folk materials, the open-air museum has been exhibits, they write down the "correct knowledge" to be built by selecting some valuable buildings from the gradually "seen" by the audience, staying at the level of "knowledge" in destroyed buildings and moving them together. There are the mind. Now, it is gradually turning to provide a space for more than 50 buildings moved here, including all kinds of the audience to experience the exhibits with their bodies and buildings in the Meiji era, including government agencies, senses, and support individuals to produce their own meaning workshops, schools, shops, houses, hospitals, theaters, courts, for the exhibits. Simply put, the audience is no longer told prisons, barracks, etc. "at the entrance of each building, passively, but encouraged to participate actively. indicate the location of the original building, building age, building characteristics, change process, migration time, cost, etc. The interior of the building retains furnishings and cultural relics related to the building. " [7] It not only preserved the buildings but also collected, preserved and managed the historical data of the Meiji era. This open-air museum with the historical characteristics of the Meiji era is open all year round and attracts a large number of visitors every year. 3.2.4. Nederlands Openluchtmuseum The museum is located in the forest in the suburb of Arnhem in the east of the Netherlands. It was built in 1912. The museum park covers an area of 44 hectares and mainly displays historical buildings from various regions of the Netherlands. It is an open-air Folk Museum, with typical windmills in Holland, ancient farmhouses, houses, and factories, as well as cheese processing plants. Visitors can visit on foot or by tram from the last century. As there are still some clothing, jewelry and other collections in the museum that have not been displayed, and to make the activities of the museum not affected by the climate, the museum has built an indoor activity area. The skeleton of the new building is a 145-meter long wall decorated with bricks, the landmark material of Dutch architecture. The wall Figure 2. distribution of important landscape view corridors in Macau. becomes the gate of the open-air museum. Behind the wall is (picture source: Culture Bureau of Macau Special Administrative Region) the main building, including the entrance hall of the museum, Back to the scale of the city, in the context of today's the canteen, the coffee shop, the information center, and the urbanization, many buildings are the products of excessive lecture hall. People can see the scenery of the museum park attention to "vision", and they are the iconic buildings built from here. In front of the long wall is an egg-shaped building, by star architects. There are many criticisms and discussions which is a multimedia projection hall, with an underground in the European architecture field. Some people think that [8] passage connected with the main body of the wall . The these buildings do not consider people's deep physical needs museum is a combination of tradition and novelty, and full of and feelings, only focus on visual modeling or urban practicability and architectural beauty. marketing means (such as the Bilbao Museum). It is the users to conform to the architectural design, rather than the 4. The concept of "contemporary architectural design to conform to people. At present, the star open-air City Museum" in Macau style architectural design is still the mainstream everywhere and becomes the object that architects are competing to 4.1. The necessity of Macau's urban development imitate and compete. In recent years, more and more European museums,

4 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 City Construction and Prospect in 2020 :The Third Postgraduate Forum of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area

Figure 3. important landscape perspective of Macao (A-E in Figure 2) However, when Iain Borden, a British architecture theorist, studied skateboarders in the city, he found that many players 4.2. Feasibility of Macau's urban planning prefer to skate in the idle swimming pool or on the city 4.2.1. Three development stages of Macau tour route design streets rather than in the designed and standard skate ground. As early as the end of 2000, the Macau Cultural Bureau They redefine every inch of urban space through launched the tourism publicity of a walking tour of Macau, skateboarding. The facilities and landforms in the city are no including three tour routes, which are defined as "cultural longer the purpose defined by the original designer, but the relics Tour". First, from the front of the conference hall in the experimental field for skateboarders to explore and develop central part of Macau Peninsula to the lilianruo Park, visitors new skills. They use their bodies to experience the city and from the ancient city to the outside, passing through the first produce their own meanings. They also publish magazines charity, the first Western-style hospital, the first Chinese and exchange information about which parts of the city are Church and so on, in order to know the center of Macau. slippery, which places are more difficult, which places have Second, from Wangxia mountain to Dongwang Yangshan police and vicious dogs to be careful. They record the church, through the early two important Chinese Villages - "skateboarding technology" developed in a specific place into Wangxia village and Longtian village, mainly visit Chinese videos and upload them to the community website. On the temples. Third, from the mage temple at the south end to the one hand, they communicate, show off, and provide big fort and Macau Museum, you can visit the early advanced technology Consult. Bolton called such space residences of Portuguese people, and pass the main Catholic "body-centric space". Church, which is also a church tour. Looking back at Macau, it is not difficult to find that urban After the "opening up of gambling rights" in 2002 and the space like Macau is no longer just a specific functional field "opening up policy of many cities in the mainland to Macau" to provide urban infrastructure, nor a commercial space full implemented in 2003, Macau's cities developed rapidly, the of gambling and entertainment in the conventional sense, but population increased rapidly, and the urban space also a "living museum" of cultural exchanges between China and changed dramatically. Gradually formed the "invisible" Portugal that has lasted more than 400 years. It is also the Macau gambling tour route. city "gambling Museum" with the most abundant gambling types so far. (Figure 2) summarizes the distribution of important landscape viewing corridors in Macau. From ˄Figure 3˅, it is not difficult to see that the landscape viewing corridors designed at the government level face the field of the "cultural heritage" route. Similarly, there are various groups living in Macau. How can multiple groups have the space to tell their own stories and participate in the construction of their own cities? This is the key for Macau to be diverse and inclusive. When a person wandering in the city can experience the colorful city contents written by people from different backgrounds with their bodies, just like a diverse collection, the city begins to Figure 4. statistics of Macau's inbound tourists in the recent 25 years. (data have a moving depth and breadth and becomes an organism source: Trading Economics) that tells the story of life. Such quality does not seem to be Since "Macau historical city" was listed in the world achieved by a single institution-building several dazzling heritage list in 2005, the world heritage tour route around buildings, but also by encouraging the participation of the "Macau historical city" has become increasingly mature. public. As a result, the urban civilization of Macau is no According to the statistics of inbound tourists in the recent 25 longer limited to the "historical city" in the world heritage list, years (Figure 4), it can be seen that Macau's tourism policy nor to avoid the most popular "gambling culture" at present. has stimulated a large number of tourist growth. Instead, it is a contemporary open-air Urban Museum with Therefore, it is not difficult to find that Macau's tourism Chinese culture as the mainstream and multicultural economy is mostly related to "cultural heritage" and coexistence. It is also a living museum with the continuous "gambling". Such a synchronic urban cultural phenomenon is development of culture. unique. This is also an important prerequisite for Macau to be

5 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 Open-air City Museum and the Construction of Cultural Identity in Macau: Making Macau an Open-Air City Museum with "Sino-Portuguese Civilization" and "Gambling Culture" a "synchronic open-air City Museum" with Chinese culture In addition, most of the official recommended tour routes as the mainstream, multi-cultural coexistence such as at present separate the world cultural heritage-themed "Chinese Portuguese civilization" and "gambling culture". cultural tour from the "Oriental Las Vegas" themed gambling tour. However, most of the tourists who actually come to 4.2.2. Conception of Macau open-air City Museum Macau will spontaneously connect the two. For this reason, Yu Xin, a poet of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in China, the author puts forward two synchronic themes of "cultural said in his Temple: "䘎⨐ਸ⫗䟽ݹᶕˈཙㆆᲲ䖜म䱸ᔰ". In fact, heritage" and "gambling" in the concept of Macau open-air what he said is to gather and integrate all the beautiful things. City Museum, which connect the city nodes of Macau into The idea of Macau open-air City Museum is just to connect "lines". In this way, it can connect all regions of Macau, play the nodes of Macau's urban characteristics with two a role of radiation and diffusion, form a more comprehensive synchronic themes, one point with the line, so as to realize tourism network, take the line with the surface, and thus play the combination of point, line, and surface. a role of combining pearl and pearl. It is worth noting that the "cultural heritage" in Macau is not limited to the existing "historical district" that has been rated as a world cultural heritage. As an important exchange platform for Sino-Portuguese culture. In the process of more than 400 years of integration of cultural exchanges between China and Portugal, many "Macau-style Portuguese buildings" unique to Macau have emerged, among which there are many gaming buildings like the old Hotel Lisboa Macau. The author suggests that Macau should be built into a contemporary open-air city museum with Chinese culture as the mainstream and multicultural coexistence. It not only displays the cultural exchanges between China and Portugal in Macau for more than 400 years but also displays the most abundant gambling theme museum in Asia. That is to say, the city of Macau is regarded as an integral "open-air City Museum", while "cultural heritage" and "gambling" are the two theme exhibition areas of this huge museum, just like a three-dimensional raster painting. Different angles can see different scenes in this wonderful Museum. Given the concept of synchronic open-air City Museum, in (Figure 5), the author designed two mutually connected tour routes, namely yellow (gambling tour) and blue (Cultural Heritage Tour). Connect the two originally isolated aspects. Several previously neglected scenic spots in Macau, such as Canidrome, Colina da Guia, Rua do Campo, etc., are taken as the connecting nodes of the two lines. Besides, the gambling area is mostly a comprehensive business place. In addition to retaining its original gambling, business, and other functions, it should also appropriately increase the relevant exhibition content of cultural travel, such as theme art exhibition, theme culture forum, etc. Figure 5. The conceptual analysis of Macau's synchronic open-air city Supported by these two main lines, it brings a diverse and museum with Chinese culture as the mainstream and multicultural coexistence. full image of the city of Macau. This has the most direct impact on Macau's tourism industry, but besides, it is also a For example (Figure 5) is the analysis of Macau's one-sided development mode. Macau is no longer a lonely synchronic open-air city museum with Chinese culture as the island of Nanzhao, but a development center. The cultural mainstream and multicultural coexistence. The Blue interface and creative industries and financial industries are driven by is the "historical city" of Macau, which is the center of the such a city's pluralism will inspire huge urban energy. Macau world cultural heritage. Each building is an important "point". has become a world tourism and leisure center, a service Explore the historical and cultural connotation of each scenic platform for business cooperation between China and spot in the historical city, strengthen protection, rational use Portuguese-speaking countries, promoting moderate and and effective publicity At present, it is relatively mature. diversified economic development, and building a However, at the level of urban planning, the connection communication and cooperation base with Chinese culture as between scenic spots needs to be strengthened through the mainstream and multicultural coexistence, making supporting facilities and transportation measures. Macau's city positioning more full.

6 SSH, 2020. http://paper.ieti.net/ssh/index.html DOI:10.6896/IETITSSH.202005_7.0001 City Construction and Prospect in 2020 :The Third Postgraduate Forum of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area 5. Conclusion - Skansen Museum in Sweden [J]. Nature, 1980 (2) The "open-air city-museum" is not a new concept. In the [5] Zhang Hui. Foreign Museum [M]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang Fine past research, to explain the phenomenon of pluralism in the Arts Photography press, 1994 city and to record the trajectory of city life more vividly, the [6] Bai Ying. Meiji Village, Japan - an open-air museum [J]. concept of the museum collection was expanded to the scale China Museum, 1984 (1) of the city, Trying to describe the rich experience of people [7] Song boy in. Japanese open-air museum - a walk-in Meiji roaming. And Macau is like a three-dimensional raster village [J]. Nature, 1983 (1) painting. Entering it is like entering a synchronic cultural mirroring world. On this side is a wonderful [8] New hall of Netherlands open-air museum in Arnhem, Chinese-Portuguese cultural collision, and on the other side Netherlands [J]. World Architecture, 2001 (5) is a unique gaming culture. Make Macau a simultaneous [9] Macau World Heritage folder [M]. Macau: Culture open-air city museum of "Chinese-Portuguese civilization" Bureau of the government of the Macau Special and "gaming culture". It not only enriches the landscape of Administrative Region, 2005 Macau ’s “historic city area” heritage route but also takes into [10] Director of Macau Culture Bureau: cultural heritage account the authenticity of places in the “non-historical city protection is a systematic project - Take Macau's area”, which plays a role in driving culture and economy. historical city as an example [n]. Guangming Daily, Make the entire city of Macau a synchronic open-air urban 2010-10-14 museum with Chinese culture as the mainstream and [11] Chen Zecheng. Protection policy of architectural relics in multicultural coexistence. It will no longer be confined to the Macau [J]. Journal of architecture, 1999 (12) imagination on the planning of tourism routes, it has inspired [12] the pluralistic image of the city, and this pluralistic image Xu Zheng. Rare "cultural synchronic structure" -- the way of survival and development of "World Heritage" Macau drives huge industrial energy. For example, Macau's cultural [J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2006 (8) and creative industries have huge development space under the derivative of the World Heritage Line. The prosperity of [13] 1998, The Politics of Display: museums, science, culture, Macau's gaming industry provides a solid foundation for the pp. 173-196. London: Routledge. development of Macau's financial industry. Making Macau [14] Frostick, E., 1994. City Challenges. Museum Journal, an open-air urban museum with a synchronic structure of 94(8): 24. "Chinese-Portuguese civilization" and "gaming culture" will [15] Fleming, D.,1998. The Future for City History Museums. not be a tourist city that can only enjoy playing, but will In: Gaynor Kavanagh & Elizabeth inspire more urban energy in the city from the perspective of urban culture. [16] Frostick (Ed.), 1998, Making City Histories in Museums, pp. 133-149. London: Leicester University Press.

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