Research report Research Report and Culture, 43(4), pp. 657-667. 23(2), pp. 3-16. Received April 21, 2020; Accepted October 19, 2020 [4] Loewy, R. (2002) Never leave well enough alone. [16] Akrich, M. (1992) The de-scription of technical Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. objects, in W. Bijker & J. Law [Eds] Shaping [5] Edgerton, D. (1999) From innovation to use: Ten technology/building society: Studies in INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL eclectic theses on the historiography of technology. sociotechnical change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, History and Technology, 16, pp. 111-136. pp. 205-224. STYLES IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF MACAU [6] Williamson, B. (2009) The bicycle: considering [17] Norman, D. A. (2002) The design of everyday design in use, in H. Clark & D. Brody [Eds], Design things. New York : Basic Books. Yang Yang ZHANG*, Po Hsun WANG** studies: A reader. New York, NY: Berg, pp. 522-524. [18] Latour, B. (2005) Reassembling the social: An [7] Pinch, T. E., & Bijker, W. (1989) The social introduction to actor-network theory. Oxford: Oxford construction of facts and artifacts: Or how the University Press. * Graduate school of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau ** Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau sociology of science and the sociology of technology [19] Conway, H. (Ed.) (1987) Design history: A student’s might benefit each other, in T.P. Bijker, W.T. Hughes, handbook. London, England: Routledge. & T.E. Pinch [Eds], The social construction of [20] Walker, J. (1989) Design history and the history of Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the architectural styles of the Historical technological systems: New directions in the design. London, England: Pluto Press. Center of Macau. This investigation found that architectural styles in the Historical Center of Macau sociology and history of technology. Cambridge, [21] Boradkar, P. (2010) Designing things: A critical embody colonial architectural forms and retain the earliest material culture that Europe left behind in Asian MA: MIT Press, pp. 17-50. introduction to the culture of objects. New York, NY: regions. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) With the principles of semiotics, the research can [8] Cowan, R.S. (1983) More work for mother: The Berg. explain that due to the Portuguese colonial culture, the architectural style of the Historical Center of Macau ironies of household technology from the open [22] Wong, J. J. (2016) Exploring the Studies of Design presents the mixed phenomenon between Chinese and Western cultures. (2) Western architectural styles in hearth to the microwave. New York: NY: Basic Culture from the Transdisciplinary Writing of Design the Historical Center of Macau are vibrant in form; influences coming from Baroque, Neoclassical, Books. History. Journal of Design, 21(4), pp.45-60. (in Renaissance, and Islamic architectural styles, among others, can be observed. Among them, Baroque and [9] Margolin, V. (1992) Design history or design studies: Chinese) Neoclassicism are the main styles. (3) Chinese architectural decorations principally inspired by Lingnan subject matter and methods. Design Studies, [23] Goodall, P. (1983) Design and gender. Block 9, p. culture are particular to the use of decorative plant emblazonments, combined with animal, character, and pp.104-116. 58. geometric designs as well as text plaques. Both Western and Chinese architectural styles employ the rhetoric [10] Winner, L. (1995) Political ergonomics, in R. [24] Spinuzzi, C. (2005) The methodology of of signs through metaphors and homophonic transferences of meaning. Buchanan & V. Margolin [Eds], Discovering design: participatory design. Technical Communication, 52, Keywords: Macau, Historical Center, Cultural Heritage, Architectural Style, Colonial Culture Explorations in design studies. Chicago, IL: pp. 163-174. University of Chicago Press, pp. 146-172. [25] Margolin, V. (1995) The product milieu and social [11] Winner, L. (1984) Do artifacts have politics? In D. action, in R. Buchanan & V. Margolin [Eds], 1. Introduction a characteristic cluster” [3]. Likewise, human civilization was MacKenzie & J. Wajcman (Eds.), The social shaping Discovering design: Explorations in design studies. 1.1 Background built from one city to another, and each has its own unique of technology. Milton Keynes: Open University Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. The Historical Center of Macau essentially consists of all characteristic. Accordingly, Lewis Mumford notes that cities Press. 121-145. the key architecture built during the Portuguese colonial rule. are a maximum agglomeration of human social power and [12] Attfield, J. (1989) Form/female follows [26] Margolin, V., & Margolin, S. (2002) A ‘social The forms and styles of the architecture are varied, and display historical culture [4]. Thus, city builders’ need to define the function/male: Feminist critiques of design, in J.A. model’ of design: Issues of practice and research. obvious features of Chinese-Portuguese cultural fusion. In culturally essential parts of a city to prevent the loss of these Walker, Design history and the history of design. Design Issues, 18(4), pp. 24-30. 2005, the Historical Center of Macau was added to the World parts due to the rash implementation of newly developed London, England: Pluto Press, pp. 199-225. [27] Papanek, V. J. (1985) Design for the real world: Heritage List, attracting attention from various fields and projects. A city’s history, historical sites, and cultural [13] Buckley, C. (1989) Made in patriarchy: Toward a Human ecology and social change (second edition). sparking relevant discussions on subjects such as its spatial institutions can establish its city recognition [5]. To better feminist analysis of women and design, in V. London, England: Thames and Hudson. patterns, architectural features, and cultural promotion. understand and promote Macau’s historical culture, and to Margolin [Ed], Design discourse: History theory [28] Woodhouse, E., & Patton, J.W. (2004) Design by In February 2019, China released the Outline enhance the city recognition, we need to uncover and elucidate criticism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, society: Science and technology studies and the Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau the essence of the city. In view of this, our study focuses on pp. 199-225. social shaping of design. Design Issues, 20(3), pp. Greater Bay Area, as a policy used to emphasize Macau City’s heritage preservation and future development of the Historical [14] Whiteley, N. (1993) Design for society: The social 1-12. historical eminence, unique historic composition, and rich and Center of Macau. contribution of design. London, England: Reaktion [29] Irwin, T. (2015) Transition Design: A Proposal for a diverse cultural coexistence [1]. However, as experts in 1.2 Objective Books. New Area of Design Practice, Study, and Research, Macanese heritage have pointed out, although the old cities are Using our investigation of architectural styles in the [15] Ingram, J., Shove, E., & Watson, M. (2007) Design and Culture, 7:2, 229-246. separated from new large-scale projects, such as entertainment Historical Center of Macau as a starting point, this study will Products and practices: Selected concepts from [30] Thorpe, A. (2012) Architecture and design versus districts and casinos, the latter are massive in scale and have provide suggestions on the preservation of heritage science and technology studies and from social consumerism: How design activism confronts growth. rapidly changed Macau’s overall features [2]. architecture. The specific objectives of this study were as theories of consumption and practice. Design Issues, London: Routledge. Generally, typical features are “imaged and identified as follows. 10 Journal of the Science of Design Vol. xx No. x 20xx Journal of the Science of Design 1 Journal of the Science of Design Vol. 5 No. 1 2021 47 1) To understand the cultural background of the Historical appearance of the Center, especially in terms of its urban Center of Macau’s architectural complexes by analyzing texture, spatial layout, street appearance as well as its relevant literature. architecture with historical and cultural values. Architectural 2) To conduct field research and documentation to comple xes within the Center display features of harbor city analyze and codify the colonial-era architecture style in and traditional Chinese-Portuguese settlement, exemplified by the Historical Center, based on architectural measured the architectural attractions that combine Chinese and Western drawings and image integration. cultures [8]. 3) To further discuss Chinese and Western architectural 2.3 Architecture of the Historical Center of Macau features in the Historical Center and explain its cultural Since Macau opened its port in the 16th century, different significance. forms of architecture have mushroomed one after another, particularly Chinese temples, Western churches, and 2. Literature review architectural forms of mixed styles. However, this 2.1 Overview of Macau’s cultural geography phenomenon dates back to just after the period of Renaissance, The grand discoveries made by Western navigational when various architectural forms such as Mannerism, Baroque, voyages between the late 15th century and the early 16th late Romantic pseudo-Gothic styles, and even Neoclassicism, century marked the beginning of globalization.