DOCSLIB.ORG

SWE 12.09-1.Pmd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SWE 12.09-1.Pmd VOL. 34, NO. 4 SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST DEC. 2009 Tritrophic Interactions among Host Plants, Whiteflies, and Parasitoids Shoil M. Greenberg1, Walker A. Jones2, and Tong-Xian Liu3 Abstract. Effects of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; and sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; on mortality and development of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B; bandedwinged whitefly, Trialeurodes abutilonea (Haldeman); and greenhouse whitefly, T. vaporariorum (Westwood); and on the key biological parameters of an exotic parasitoid species, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, and an indigenous parasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella Howard, were compared in the laboratory. Cotton was most suitable for sweetpotato whitefly, and bean was most suitable for greenhouse whitefly. No significant differences were found between these two whitefly species on sweet potato. Preimaginal mortality of sweetpotato whitefly on cotton was 35.2% versus 77.3% of greenhouse whitefly. Developmental time of sweetpotato whitefly was significantly shorter (17.5 days) than that of greenhouse whitefly (23.2 days). The mortality and developmental time of bandedwinged whitefly did not differ on the different host plants. Parasitism by Er. mundus was greatest in sweetpotato whitefly and least in greenhouse whitefly when both whiteflies were reared on cotton. Parasitism of bandedwinged whitefly was intermediate. Parasitism by En. pergandiella was significantly greater than that by Er. mundus attacking the same whitefly species reared on bean or cotton, except parasitism of sweetpotato whitefly. Emergence of Er. mundus was greatest from sweetpotato whitefly on cotton, and least for bandedwinged whitefly on bean. Emergence of En. pergandiella was significantly greater than that of Er. mundus among host plants and whitefly species except sweetpotato whitefly. Introduction Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are among the most widespread and economically important insect pests worldwide. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), may feed on 506 plants in 74 families (Greathead 1986). Sweetpotato whitefly biotype B ranks among the most noxious insects attacking agronomic and ornamental crops (Cock 1993). The bandedwinged whitefly, Trialeurodes abutilonea (Haldeman), is a polyphagous feeder on ≈140 species of plants, including many important species in the genus Hibiscus (Russell 1963, Liu and Stansly 2000). Similarly, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), is an important pest of vegetables and ornamental crops in greenhouses. ________________________ 1Beneficial Insects Research Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Weslaco, TX. 2European Biological Control Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Montpellier, France. 3Vegetable IPM Laboratory, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, TX. Correspondence: S. M. Greenberg, Research Entomologist, BIRU-SARC-ARS-USDA, Weslaco, TX; E-mail address: [email protected]. 431 Although the bioecology of sweetpotato whitefly and greenhouse whitefly is well understood, little information is available on the bioecology of bandedwinged whitefly under different geographical and environmental conditions. During 2008, 30,355 ha of cotton in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were infested by bandedwinged whitefly while only 4,047 ha were infested by sweetpotato whitefly (Williams 2009). This contrasted with the U.S. trend where sweetpotato whitefly was more damaging than bandedwinged whitefly in cotton during the same year (147,138 versus 109,853 ha infested by sweetpotato whitefly and bandedwinged whitefly, respectively; Williams 2009). Liu and Stansly (2000) speculated that bandedwinged whitefly, originally restricted to Malvaceae had adapted to other host species in areas where malvaceous hosts have become rare. If this is the case, the adaptation process probably will continue and the host range of bandedwinged whitefly may continue to expand. Information on the interactions among plant species, whiteflies, and their natural enemies is important in the development of locally appropriate integrated pest management strategies including biological control. At present, whitefly control programs in the southwestern U.S. are based mostly on the application of insecticide (Palumbo et al. 2001). However, frequent and intensive use of broad-spectrum insecticides increases the risk of resistance to insecticide, environmental contamination, and human exposure. Conservation biological control is one of the most economically feasible alternatives to conventional pest management practices in field crops. Among the most effective natural enemies of Bemisia whiteflies are parasitoids in the family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) including Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (exotic) and Encarsia pergandiella Howard (indigenous). Er. mundus is the most common parasitoid of sweetpotato whitefly in southern Europe and has been successfully established in many parts of the US. En. pergandiella is a heteronomous hyperparasitoid (autoparasitoid); females develop as primary parasitoids on immature whiteflies, but males develop as secondary parasitoids on females of their own or on related species (Hunter 1989). En. pergandiella can cause 94% parasitism of sweetpotato whitefly in South Texas (Goolsby et al. 1998). Encarsia formosa Gahan and Er. eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich are perhaps the most effective species for control of greenhouse whitefly (Hoddle et al. 1998, Gelman et al. 2005). However, no information is available on the use of these species to control bandedwinged whitefly (Liu and Stansly 2000) and little information is available on the use of Er. mundus and En. pergandiella to control greenhouse whitefly. This information is important in areas such as the southwestern US where both pests species co-exist in the field and greenhouse. Most investigations tend to focus on direct interactions between whiteflies and their host plants or the insects and their natural enemies. The full set of tritrophic interactions needs to be assessed to provide a basis for effective pest management strategies against whiteflies. Qualities of the host plant may have indirect effects on the fitness of the third trophic level. For example, high host/pest densities leading to abundant parasitoids or low parasitoid:host ratio may result in longer developmental time and smaller size of parasitoid progeny and a greater proportion of male progeny because of possible differences in nutritional quantity. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of three host plants, bean, cotton, and sweet potato, on key fitness parameters of three whitefly species, sweetpotato whitefly, bandedwinged whitefly, and greenhouse whitefly, and two parasitoid species, Er. mundus and En. pergandiella, developing on these 432 pests and host plants. Parameters measured included survivorship, developmental time, sex ratio, preovipositional period, daily fecundity, and size. Knowledge of the interrelationship among host plants, whiteflies, and their parasitoids is critical to developing rearing techniques, making decisions in augmentative releases, developing predictive models, and understanding the mechanisms involved in competition by parasitoids. Materials and Methods Host Plants. Bean, cotton, and sweet potato were used as host plants in these studies. Leaves were excised and each leaf petiole was placed in a floral aquapic filled with a hydroponic solution (Aqua-Ponics International, Los Angeles, CA). Excised leaves readily rooted and did not deteriorate under fluorescent lights (20 watt, Vita-Life©, Duro-Test Lighting, Elk Grove, IL) in an incubator. Whitefly Cultures. A culture of sweetpotato whitefly originated from adults collected from cabbage, Brassica oleracea L., in Hidalgo County, TX, and maintained on sweet potato in a greenhouse of the Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, ARS-USDA, Weslaco, TX. A culture of greenhouse whitefly originated from individuals received from the Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, where they were reared on green bean. A culture of bandedwinged whitefly was started from individuals collected from cotton in Hidalgo County, TX, and maintained on cotton in a greenhouse. Before the experiment, the sweetpotato whitefly, bandedwinged whitefly, and greenhouse whitefly were cultured for three generations on the three host plants (cotton, bean, and sweet potato). We and others (Van Boxtel et al. 1978, Dorsman and van de Vire 1987, Liu and Stansly 2000) observed that when adult whiteflies were transferred from one plant species to another, the insects required a period of adjustment for at least three generations on the host plant. Parasitoid Cultures. Er. mundus was originally collected from sweetpotato whitefly on cotton near Murcia, Spain, and provided by USDA, APHIS Mission Plant Protection Center, Mission, TX (MPPC culture # M92014). En. pergandiella was collected from sweetpotato whitefly on cotton at Weslaco, TX. We maintained all the parasitoid cultures on sweetpotato whitefly reared on sweet potato. Host Plant Effects on Whiteflies. We determined mortality and developmental time separately by the whitefly instar. Whiteflies were confined within a 4.5-cm-diameter clip cage to the underside of each excised test leaf. Each rooted leaf with eggs was placed in a 120 x 25-mm dish covered with polyester organdy for ventilation. Hydroponics solution was added
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Whiteflies in the Greenhouse Jen White
    Entfact-456 Whiteflies in the greenhouse Jen White General Biology Worldwide, there are over 1500 Whiteflies are “true bugs” (Hemiptera) species of whitefly, most of which are that feed on plant sap, much like aphids. inconspicuous and never reach densities Adults are very small (1/16 - 1/10 inch) high enough to cause damage to their host with powdery white wings. Females lay plants. A few species, however, are major eggs directly on the undersides of plant pests. Here in Kentucky, the most notable leaves. The eggs hatch into tiny are 1) the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia “crawlers” that walk a short distance before settling at a tabaci), and 2) the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes feeding location. These nymphs lose their ability walk, and vaporarorium). The former is a confusing complex of remain in the same location for the rest of their development “biotypes” (currently considered multiple species) that are until they pupate and emerge as winged adults (Figure 1). The physically indistinguishable, but which have distinct biological entire whitefly life cycle takes about 3 weeks under favorable differences. For example, B biotype is also sometimes known as conditions, allowing populations to build quickly. Whiteflies do the silverleaf whitefly (also known as Bemisia argentifolii) not have a dormant stage that can withstand freezing because of the distinctive silvering damage it inflicts on plant temperatures. In climates that have winter freezes, such as leaves. B biotype is currently the most common in North Kentucky, whiteflies are year-round pests only in greenhouses. America, but a second biotype, Q biotype, is also present, and of particular concern because Q biotype is highly resistant to many classes of insecticide.
    [Show full text]
  • Eight New State Records of Aleyrodine Whiteflies Found in Clark County, Nevada and Three Newly Described Taxa (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodinae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 10-15-2010 Eight new state records of aleyrodine whiteflies found in Clark County, Nevada and three newly described taxa (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodinae) John W. Dooley III Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, [email protected] Susan Lambrecht San Jose State University, [email protected] Jeffrey Honda San Jose State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Dooley, John W. III; Lambrecht, Susan; and Honda, Jeffrey, "Eight new state records of aleyrodine whiteflies found in Clark County, Nevada and three newly described taxa (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodinae)" (2010). Insecta Mundi. 660. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/660 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0140 Eight new state records of aleyrodine whiteflies found in Clark County, Nevada and three newly described taxa (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodinae) John W. Dooley III United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 389 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 2A South San Francisco, CA 94080 Susan Lambrecht Department of Biological Science San Jose State University One Washington Square San Jose, CA 95192-0100 Jeffrey Honda Biological Science San Jose State University One Washington Square San Jose, CA 95192-0100 Date of Issue: October 15, 2010 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL John W.
    [Show full text]
  • Release, Establishment, and Monitoring of Bemisia Tabaci Natural
    58 Hoelmer and Goolsby ___________________________________________________________________ RELEASE, ESTABLISHMENT AND MONITORING OF BEMISIA TABACI NATURAL ENEMIES IN THE UNITED STATES K. Hoelmer1 and J. Goolsby2 1USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier- sur-Lez, France 2USDA, Agricultural Research Service, c/o Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Entomology, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia INTRODUCTION Severe infestations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) [Biotype ‘B’] (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (=Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) occurred following its introduction into the United States in the mid-to-late 1980s. Bemisia tabaci’s broad host range and its multivoltine development overwhelmed the then-current management practices and the ability of native natural enemies to limit whitefly populations. In response, a multi-agency national research and action plan was developed with par- ticipation by U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies (Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service), State departments of agriculture, universities, and private industry (Faust, 1992; Henneberry et al., 1998). Biological control was a major component of the plan. Colonization of new, non-indigenous natural enemies of B. tabaci in the United States was complicated by these various factors: (1) the host range of B. tabaci included a large number of species of crops, ornamentals, weeds,
    [Show full text]
  • (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Parasitic on Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in North America
    A Pictorial Guide to the species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitic on whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in North America. Michael E. Schauff and Gregory A. Evans. (MES) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, NHB 168, Washington, D.C. 20560. (GAE) Department of Nematology and Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 KEY To Enter the Pictorial Key click here Abstract.-- The 27 species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) occuring in North America (including Mexico) and attacking whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) are treated. Each species is keyed and illustrated. A separate diagnosis, list of hosts, and summary of distribution are provided. Keywords: Biological Control, Aphelinidae, Aleyrodidae, Encarsia, parasite. 2 Various species of whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) are among the most serious of agricultural pests, causing millions of dollars of damage each year to various crops. In 1991, one species (Bemisia argentfolii Bellows and Perring) caused damage in excess of $500 million in the U.S. alone (Perring, et al., 1993). Among the most common and effective parasitoids of whiteflies are parasitic wasps in the genus Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). These tiny wasps are primary parasites of whitefly species as well as species of scale insects (Coccoidea). Worldwide, over 170 Encarsia species have been described (Hayat, 1989). In spite of their abundance and usefulness, there are still very few well illustrated keys and diagnoses, and in North America, no recent identification aids exist. Because of their small size, identification of the various species is difficult under even the best of circumstances and requires the intervention of a specialist in aphelinid taxonomy. In this paper, we treat the 27 species of Encarsia known to occur in North America that are parasitic on whiteflies.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Project Number 613678
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 7 - REPORT on Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Grousset F, Wistermann A, Steffen K, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/112o3f5b0c014 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on ORANGES AND MANDARINS – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background on oranges and mandarins ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Data on production and trade of orange and mandarin fruit ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘orange and mandarin fruit’ .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Advisory Committee 5 Year Review
    Advisory Committee 5 Year Review 2015-2019 EDDMapS CONTENTS EDDMapS 5.0 History of the Center 4 EDDMapS State/Provincial Integration 5 Strategic Plan Florida Invasive Species Partnership Invasive Species Data Standards 6 Center Faculty and Staff Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey 10 Advisory Board IPCConnect Rose Rosette Disease 16 Media Distribution Encyclopedia of Life and iNaturalist Integration 21 Social Media Campaign Wetland Training for Farm Service Agency 22 Project Highlights North American Invasive Species Forum Whitefly Biology and Distribution in Georgia The New Bugwood Website seID - Seed Identification Smartphone App for Toxic Plant Seeds and Fruit Wild Spotter 44 Publications Southern IPM Center Books and Book Chapters ImageID Outreach Publications EDDMapS IPM Journal Articles Bugwood Image Database First Detector Network in Georgia 50 Presentations Invasive.org 52 Professional Service and Awards iBiocontrol 53 Grants AgPest Monitor PAMF (Phragmites Adaptive Management Framework) ISMTrack Healthy Trees Healthy Cities Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health Annual Report Highlights 2015-2019 / 2 Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health Annual Report Highlights 2015-2019 / 3 History of the Center STRATEGIC PLAN 2016-2025 The Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health (www.bugwood.org) was formed in 2008 as a University I. Promote, publicize, and improve awareness of the Center and its programs of Georgia Extension and Outreach Center. The Center is jointly housed in the College of Agricultural and Within the University: Environmental Sciences and the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources. In 2014, the Center’s mission • Produce annual reports, impact statements, newsletters, and press releases • Provide training and updates for Agriculture & Natural Resources and 4-H County Extension Agents, Program Development was expanded to include a linkage with graduate student teaching and research.
    [Show full text]
  • Sticky Cotton: Causes
    United States Department of Agriculture Sticky Cotton: Causes, Agricultural Research Effects, and Prevention Service Technical Bulletin Number 1915 June 2007 United States Department of Agriculture Sticky Cotton: Causes, Agricultural Research Effects, and Prevention Service Technical E. Hequet, T.J. Henneberry, and R.L. Nichols Bulletin Number 1915 June 2007 Hequet is Associate Director, International Textile Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX. Henneberry was Laboratory Director and Research Leader, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Phoenix, AZ; he is currently Director, U.S. Arid Land Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Maricopa, AZ. Nichols is Director, Agricultural Research, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC. Abstract Mention of trade names, commercial products, or companies in this publication is solely for the Hequet, E., T.J. Henneberry, and R.L. Nichols, eds. purpose of providing specific information and does 2007. Sticky Cotton: Causes, Effects, and Prevention. not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not Service. Technical Bulletin 1915. recommended. Adherence of contaminants and lint to cotton This publication reports research involving pesticides. It processing equipment is called “stickiness,” and the does not contain recommendations for their use nor does contaminated lint is “sticky cotton.” Sticky cotton is a it imply that uses discussed here have been registered. worldwide problem, increasing as cotton processing All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate machinery is refined because high-speed, large-volume State or Federal agencies or both before they can be processing of lint requires cleaner cotton. Honeydew, recommended. the sugar-containing excretions of certain insects, mainly whiteflies and aphids, are the most frequent While supplies last, single copies of this publication can cause of sticky cotton.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2014/186805 Al 20 November 2014 (20.11.2014) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/186805 Al 20 November 2014 (20.11.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A01N 59/00 (2006.01) A01P 7/04 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A01P 7/00 (2006.01) A01P 17/00 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, A01P 7/02 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (21) International Application Number: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, PCT/US20 14/038652 KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (22) International Filing Date: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, 19 May 2014 (19.05.2014) OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, (25) Filing Language: English TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (26) Publication Language: English ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/824,689 17 May 2013 (17.05.2013) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (71) Applicant: LEE ANTIMICROBIAL SOLUTIONS, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, LLC [US/US]; 430 Bedford Road, Suite 203, Armonk, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, New York 10504 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Printemps 2014
    PRINTEMPS VOLUME 24 Sommaire 2014 NUMÉRO 1 2 Mot du président AEAQ 3 Mot de la rédaction 22 Procès-verbal de l’assemblée générale 3 Mot du webmestre des membres du 14 juillet 2013 4 Histoire d’une photo 23 États financiers 2012-2013 24 Section de Québec : activités récentes Arthropoda 4 Les punaises du Québec Congrès 2014 de l’AEAQ par Jean-François Roch 20 Présentation de la 41e édition 5 Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister) dans la région de l’Outaouais par Raymond Hutchinson, Benoît Ménard et Caroline Piché Homo sapiens 8 Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire 9 Chronique bio-entomologique par Charles-Étienne Raynault Albert F. Winn (1870-1935) entomologiste et naturaliste 10 Les aleurodes d’importance agricole au Québec : par Mélanie Desmeules recherche de l’Aleurode de l’iris par Jean-Denis Brisson 15 Perithemis tenera (Say) Bibliotheca entomologica Nouveau pour la vallée de l’outaouais québécois 9 Guide d’identification des Scarabées du Québec par Raymond Hutchinson, Caroline Piché et Benoît Ménard de Martin Hardy 17 Les punaises phasmiformes communiqué de presse de l’éditeur par Jean-François Roch 20 Les insectes du Québec – guide d’identification 19 Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) collection Jeunes explorateurs À la recherche du Charançon radicicole du citronnier de Yves Dubuc communiqué de presse de l’éditeur par Jean-Denis Brisson 24 Des araignées et des staphylins herbivores ou omnivores sujets divers par Ginette Truchon 13 Voyage à Cape May par Frédéric McCune 14 Réchauffement climatique et interaction plante-pollinisateur par Ginette Truchon Mot du Président Bonjour chers associés. Nous avons reçu une demande d’aide pour effectuer un inventaire entomofau- En cette fin février, près de 40 % de nos nique dans un territoire habituellement membres ont déjà choisi de renouveler inaccessible.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila | Other Diptera | Ephemeroptera
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Information Resources on the Care and Use of Insects Agricultural 1968-2004 Research Service AWIC Resource Series No. 25 National Agricultural June 2004 Library Compiled by: Animal Welfare Gregg B. Goodman, M.S. Information Center Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us : http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Policies and Links Adult Giant Brown Cricket Insecta > Orthoptera > Acrididae Tropidacris dux (Drury) Photographer: Ronald F. Billings Texas Forest Service www.insectimages.org Contents How to Use This Guide Insect Models for Biomedical Research [pdf] Laboratory Care / Research | Biocontrol | Toxicology World Wide Web Resources How to Use This Guide* Insects offer an incredible advantage for many different fields of research. They are relatively easy to rear and maintain. Their short life spans also allow for reduced times to complete comprehensive experimental studies. The introductory chapter in this publication highlights some extraordinary biomedical applications. Since insects are so ubiquitous in modeling various complex systems such as nervous, reproduction, digestive, and respiratory, they are the obvious choice for alternative research strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico Ware Potato RA.Docx
    Importation, from Mexico into the United States, of Potato, Solanum tuberosum, Tubers Intended for Consumption A Pathway-initiated Commodity Risk Assessment April 2011 Agency contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Ware Potato, Solanum tuberosum, from Mexico Executive Summary In this document we present results of an assessment of the risks associated with the importation, from Mexico into the United States (the 50 states and Caribbean territories), of ware potatoes (i.e., potatoes for consumption only), Solanum tuberosum L. A search of available sources of information and APHIS, PPQ port interception records identified eight quarantine pests of S. tuberosum that occur in Mexico and could be introduced into the United States in consignments of that commodity. Consequences of Introduction were estimated by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate/host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact, resulting in the calculation of a risk value. Likelihood of Introduction was estimated by considering both the quantity of the commodity to be imported annually and the potential for pest introduction, resulting in the calculation of a second risk value. The two values were summed to estimate an overall Pest Risk Potential, which is an estimation of risk in the absence of mitigation. Quarantine pests considered likely to follow the import pathway are presented in the following table, indicating their risk ratings.
    [Show full text]
  • Whitefly Fauna of Clark County, Nevada
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Fall 2009 Whitefly fauna of Clark County, Nevada. John W. Dooley III San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Dooley, John W. III, "Whitefly fauna of Clark County, Nevada." (2009). Master's Theses. 3982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.gcc5-jztb https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3982 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHITEFLY FAUNA OF CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by John W. Dooley III December, 2009 UMI Number: 1484308 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 1484308 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. uest ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ©2009 John W.
    [Show full text]