THE ROLE OF STATE DEFENSE CADRES OF THE BORDER AREAS IN CROSS BORDER STATE RELATIONSHIP (STUDY ABOUT THE ROLE OF STATE DEFENSE FORUM IN SEBATIK, NUNUKAN , NORTH PROVINCE)

Wahyudi1 Universitas Pendidikan ([email protected])

Abstract - The border area position of , , North Province, that is geographically boundering with , make this area to do state’s cross border relation. In the Globalization context, social relation between two or more countries, both economically and politically, becomes a necessity. On the other hand, unfiltered globalization will be a transnational threat to a country, especially in the border areas. Establishment of state defense cadres that have been implemented by Indonesian Ministry of Defense in all territories of Indonesia, not just in border areas, should be awaited role. This study aims to analyze the role of Sebatik State Defense Forum or Forum Bela Negara Sebatik (FBN) in border areas to face cross border dynamics by using the main analysis of State Defense concept that is related with the dynamic of cross border area. This study uses qualitative methods through collecting data that is obtained from interviews, observation, and literature study. The result of the study shows the role of FBN Sebatik State, which is shown by many aspects; organization, planning, action and result, spirit and mobilization of human resources and cooperation with the others. Keywords: state defense, state defense forum, cross border, border areas, Sebatik

Preface warfare against colonization in its era. In he term State Defense cannot be the current era, in the process of filling separated from the history of this independence, State Defense shifted its T nation's struggle for function and meaning that was formerly independence. The heroic struggles and synonymous with arms and guerrilla fight heroic tale of the early fighters became a against the invaders (Hard Skill), then reflection of how the predecessors of this State Defense can be interpreted more country defended the state to achieve flexible. State Defense can be independence through the concept of demonstrated through dedication based peoples' war and methods of guerrilla on their respective professions for the

1 Alumni of Post-Graduate of Peace and Conflict Resolution of Indonesian Defense University, Doctoral candidate of Civic Education, Indonesia Education University.

The Role of State Defense Cadres of The Border Areas in Cross Border … | Wahyudi | 1 benefit of the nation (Soft Skill). A teacher be accepted as part of the interaction of a defends the state by educating the globalized world community. nation's children in schools, a doctor Globalization which essentially defends the country by treating patients in means to expand the world without hospitals and health center, even a divisions and boundaries, when it cannot traditional farmer defends the country by be dammed will certainly provide negative producing local rice products for excess for citizens. The national identity consumption by the general public. But and lifestyle as "Indonesian" can fade as a further than that, the devotion must be result of the swift rush of internationalism based on the values of patriotism, the into the personality of the nation. Say it is consciousness of the nation and the state, in the border areas of Indonesia which has believing in Pancasila as the state felt domination and hegemony from ideology, willing to sacrifice and the initial neighboring countries will feel this way. capacity of State Defense. Sebatik Island located in Nunukan In the international scene of today's District, Province one of globalization era, the relationship the territory of the Unitary State of the between one State and another becomes Republic of Indonesia which is directly a threat as well as an opportunity. It adjacent to Malaysia. In this case, the becomes a threat when a country is unable people of Sebatik Island depends almost to filter out the foreign penetration that entirely from , , Malaysia could damage the nation, both caused by because of the easy access to Malaysia. In the flow of technology and information addition, information from the Malaysia until the dominance of economic mastery network Radio via FM wave radiates of other nations as a result of the strongly to Sebatik, as well as with international free market. But on the one television broadcasts can be received only hand, globalization will be an advantage by using a standard antenna. Even mobile for a country when it is able to take phone networks from Malaysia are able to advantage of the rapid development of dominate the list of cellular networks in science and technology and international Sebatik that often lead to roaming for economic relations to provide an impact Indonesian cellular network users. of progress for the nation. Cross-country In the midst of Malaysian relationships become a reality that must domination and hegemony challenge,

2 | Journal of Defense & State Defense | December 2017 | Volume 7 Number 3 both economy and the flow of information without exception to the people at the which has been going on for decades in border.2 Sebatik, the development of national The efforts of Indonesian, especially character (Nation Character Building) at the border in State Defense should be would be a big question mark, how is the encouraged by the awareness and sense nationalism, patriotism of Indonesian of duty to participate in State Defense in border residents in Sebatik Island. order to realize the ideals of Therefore, in this journal article, the independence under the 1945 Constitution authors will show how the actualization of so that it is obliged to participate in State defending border community states amid Defense against all kinds of threats, the challenge. disturbance and obstacles from both The policy in the form of inside and outside. The execution of State implementation of the program of raising Defense in an effort for National Defense awareness by the government is currently is based on the awareness of citizens' implemented for people from early age to rights and duties as well as believing in adulthood aims to build the character of their own strengths.3 Indonesia who love the homeland, willing Government policy in this case the to sacrifice for the nation, believes in Ministry of Defense through the program Pancasila as the state ideology, and of building awareness of State Defense nationality as well as possessing the initial through Directorate General of Defense capacity for State Defense which Potential aims to instill the values of state execution is carried out in the education, defense. So that every citizen has the residential environment, and working awareness and able to actualize it in the environment to achieve the objectives and society, nationality, live and join social targets held simultaneously, integrated organization, non-governmental and comprehensive as well as continuous, organization, youth organization, political in harmony with national development party, public figure, religious figure as well goals both psychically and mentally, as other social organization in accordance

2 Ditjenpothan Kementerian Pertahanan 3 Budi Mardjoko, Implementasi Program Garda (Ministry of Defense Directorate General of Batas dalam rangka Bela Negara di Pulau Sebatik Defense Potential), Tataran Dasar Bela Negara (Implementation of Border Guard Program in (Stages in State Defense), (Jakarta: RI Ministry order to defend the State at Sebatik Island), of Defense, 2014). (Jakarta: Indonesia Defense Univerity, 2013).

The Role of State Defense Cadres of The Border Areas in Cross Border … | Wahyudi | 3 with legislation. Activities include: (3) Provisions on civic education, educational and community training mandatory basic military training, and activities, activities that support professional service are governed by community integration, social solidarity law. activities, and activities to create Based on the Concept of Guidelines conducive4 environment conditions. of State Defense of the Ministry of Defense, it is mentioned that the values of State Defense state defense consist of patriotism, the According to the 1945 Constitution, Article consciousness of the nation and the state, 30 states “each citizen shall have the right the Pancasila belief as the state ideology, and obligation to participate in State makes Pancasila as the state ideology, Defense”. Meanwhile, according to the willing to sacrifice for the nation and state Law of the Republic of Indonesia number and the early capability of the State 5. 3 of 2002 article 9 on the state defense Five fundametal values in developing system it is explicitly mentioned that: the State Defense character is interpreted (1) Every citizen shall have the right and within the development values below: obligation to participate in State 1. Patriotism Defense embodied in the a. A good understanding of the administration of national defense. borders of the state. (2) The participation of citizens in the b. Love and conserve the environment. effort of State Defense, as referred to c. Protect the good name and make in paragraph (1), is conducted Indonesia proud. through: a. civic education; b. 2. National awareness. compulsory basic military training; c. a. Instill a feeling of national Unity of devotion as a soldier of the Indonesia. Indonesian Army voluntarily or b. Love the national Culture and compulsorily; d. devotion in Products accordance with the profession. c. Develop a feeling of generousity and patriotism

4 RI Ministry of Defense, Buku Putih Pertahanan, 5 Directorate General of Defense Potential of the (Jakarta: RI Ministry of Defense, 2015). Ministry of Defense, Tataran Dasar Bela Negara, op.cit.

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d. Posess awareness on the c. Sacrifice time, treasure, body and responsibility of an Indonesian soul for the sake of the nation. citizen. 5. Possessing the initial capacity for State 3. Believe in Pancasila as the National Defense. Ideology. a. Mental capacity that every citizen is a. Believe in and conscious of the truth required to possess the attitude and of Pancasila as the National behavior of discipline, tenacious to Ideology. work hard to comply with all b. Pancasila is the source of law as well legislation, self esteem, endurance as the frame of The Unitary Nation of and never give up in the face of life Republic of Indonesia. difficulties. c. The values of Pancasila can also be b. Physical abilities. Having the ability used in the conflict resolution as well to defend the state in the form of as to defeat any threat, challenges, physical ability (physical) is healthy, obstacle as well as disturbance agile, proportional posture. towards the entirety of the nation By the Ministry of Defense, the can still be overcome together establishment of 5 characters of state according to the principium of the awareness for each citizen is implemented democratic Pancasila which honor in the form of program activities with kinship and gotong royong various methods in 3 environments, (cooperation). including the following6: 4. Sacrifice for the nation. 1. Education Environment a. Prioritize public interest rather than 2. Residence Environment personal / group interests. 3. Profession Environment b. Devote attention to the sincerity of Furthermore, in the Decree of the mind and energy to accomplish the Minister of Defense no.: 1181 / M / X1 / 2015 tasks, rights and obligations without on the Implementation of the guidance of any strings attached. state defense awareness mentioned that the implementation process of the

6 Ministry of Defense Decree Number. : 1181/ M/ X1/2015 regarding the execution of State Defense awareness development

The Role of State Defense Cadres of The Border Areas in Cross Border … | Wahyudi | 5 application of the guidance of state everyday life. State Defense is willing to defense awareness is done through the sacrifice for the nation, which is willing to following stages: sacrifice time, energy as well as mind and a. Cadre Development body and soul for the Nation7. b. Cadre Cultivation Subagyo8 states that c. Cadre Empowerment strengthening the awareness of State d. Facility Defense, especially at the border, is The program methods that can be important as the border community is the implemented are as follows educational main bastion against various threats, in and training activities for the community, the form of infiltration and penetration of activities that support community foreigners into Indonesian territory, integration, social solidarity activities, and threatening the sovereignty of the state. activities to create conducive Border society must continue to develop environmental conditions. and nourish the spirit of State Defense so In line with government programs as not easily faltered by provocations, that are top down, the actualization of incitement and the lure of the power from state defenses emerging from self- foreign parties who want to impose the awareness of the grass root citizen’s dignity Indonesian nation. would certainly be a full force for the implementation of the State Defense. The Dynamics of Cross Border Area That is state defending based on the sense The border area from the perspective of of nationality and state awareness, that is Defense is a territory that must be by fostering harmony, maintaining unity, maintained its sovereignty both from love the culture of the nation and put the internal and external disturbances, interests of the nation above personal because the threat to the sovereignty of interests, family and class. State Defense is the state especially on the border can be based on believing in Pancasila as the state aggression, territorial offense, armed ideology of understanding the nature or rebellion, sabotage, espionage, acts of value in Pancasila and practicing it in armed terror, as well as communal

7 TB. Hasanuddin, Bela Negara dan Kontradiksi 8 Agus Subagyo, Bela Negara, Peluang dan Wacana Wajib Militer Indonesia, (Jakarta: PT Tantangan di Era Globalisasi, (Yogyakarta: PT Semesta Rakyat Merdeka, 2014). Graha Ilmu, 2015).

6 | Journal of Defense & State Defense | December 2017 | Volume 7 Number 3 conflicts9. According to Law no. 3 of 2002 there is also ALKI, the ALKI I and ALKI II on State Defense stated that Indonesia's which flank the eastern tip of the island of land and sea border areas are declared to Borneo and as well as trade, logistics, fuel have important meaning in maintaining and gas route for the surrounding areas. the sovereignty of the state, territorial Other strategic value is related to Tawau integrity, and the safety of the whole city location which is very close to Sebatik nation from various threats, both from Island. Tawau City is the 3rd largest city in within and from outside 10. the State of Sabah which is the business As a very open archipelagic country hub of eastern Malaysia12. in various directions, Indonesia has a The vigilance of Indonesia against number of unresolved border issues. In various parties must be enhanced by all addition, Indonesia has 92 outer islands, components of the nation, including the 12 small outer islands of which require communities at the border, outer islands a priority in its management so that the and inland areas. The vast border areas of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the both land and sea cannot be maintained Indonesian Republic can be guaranteed optimally by the TNI because of the limited optimally11. personnel and equipment. Border Sebatik Island (Nunukan District) is societies that are in daily contact with one of the border areas with OBP status foreigners from a country that borders (Outstanding Boundary Problems) which with Indonesia should raise awareness as has the potential to become a source of the border area is the entrance to various conflict in the future; where the East activities of people into the territory of coastline of this island is the starting point Indonesian jurisdiction. The high of the maritime boundary of the country's awareness of the border community is sovereignty at sea. Another strategic different from that of the people in urban value related to the existence of and other rural areas. The border rich natural resources not far from the community is very vulnerable to foreign island of Sebatik. In addition, in this region penetration and infiltration because it is

9 RI Minitry of Defense, White Book of Defense, 12 Sobar Sutisna, Kajian Pertahanan Perbatasan, (Jakarta: Kemhan RI, 2008). Rencana Pengembangan Kota Mandiri Pulau 10 Ibid. Sebatik Dalam Rangka Menjaga Keutuhan NKRI, 11 RI Minitry of Defense, White Book of Defense, (Jakarta: Universitas Pertahanan, 2011). (Jakarta: Kemhan RI, 2015).

The Role of State Defense Cadres of The Border Areas in Cross Border … | Wahyudi | 7 geographically in direct contact with other by the Indonesian community on the countries and economically there are border of Nunukan to Tawau, Malaysia is interactions and economic transactions the yield of plantations in the form of oil and social cultural interaction exist a close palm, cocoa beans, agricultural products kinship relationship. The complexity of and seafood such as fish, shrimp and community problems at the border is very seaweed. People in the Nunukan border vulnerable to infiltration by various region consider that buying and selling foreign interests that can threaten unity illegal goods is not a crime because it is and endanger the integrity of NKRI13. related to daily needs. If supplying the Another threat that needs to be daily needs from domestic then the price addressed is the transnational crime (TNC) will become more expensive because of in the border areas of Indonesia - Malaysia the high cost of transportation 15. in Nunukan District. TNCs are rife among In addition, what happened in other drugs smuggling, illegal fishing, Nunukan Region was that Indonesians illegal logging, human trafficking, illegal living in border areas were thought to immigrants, terrorism entry way and have multiple identity cards. They made illegal arms trade 14. Nunukan Police found Malaysian ID cards to get Malaysian that the drug type shabu-shabu and People's Aid. This assistance includes heroin, the number of smuggling findings widow or widower allowances of 500 even reach 3 kg of shabu-shabu. Examples Ringgit or approximately 1.5 million of other commonly smuggled goods are 14 Rupiah, 18 years old productive allowance kg of LPG from Malaysia, sugar subsidized of 100 Ringgit or Rp. 300,000, and an by the Malaysian government, liquor, fuel elderly allowance of 600 Ringgit or 1.8 oil, ammunition to hunt wild animals and million Rupiah 16. Then the emergence of clothing. While the goods commonly sold the issue of joining the Indonesian border

13 Agus Subagyo, Bela Negara, Peluang dan 15 Ibid. Tantangan di Era Globalisasi, (Yogyakarta: PT 16 “Pemerintah Segera Selesaikan Masalah Lima Graha Ilmu, 2015). Tapal Batas Indonesia Malaysia di Nunukan”, 14 R. Yunardhani., Kondisi Pencegahan Kejahatan retrieved from Berbasis Masyarakat (Community Crime http://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/08/02/1 revention) di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia - 9085691/pemerintah.segera.selesaikan.masala Malaysia (Pulau Nunukan dan Pulau Sebatik h.5.tapal.batas.indonesia-malaysia.di.nunukan, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur), (Depok: Magister August 2, 2016. Departemen Kriminologi Universitas Indonesia, 2012).

8 | Journal of Defense & State Defense | December 2017 | Volume 7 Number 3 community in Askar Wataniyah in 2008 to at the Rindam Jaya State Defense maintain the border of Malaysia, also Education Depo. needs to be considered.17 Organization of State Defense Forum Based on the Directive of the The establishment of the Sebatik State Directorate General of Defense Potential Defense Organization (FBN) of the Ministry of Defense of the The state defense forum is a national-level Indonesian Republic Number: community organization declared in RI Juklak/03/Iv/2013 April 4, 2013 Concerning Institute of Defense and Human Rights on the Establishment of Awareness of State th July 17 2008 by alumni of State Defense Defense through the Empowerment of the Directorate General of Ministry of Community Organizations. Next is Defense RI Ministry of Defense after the accompanied by the Establishment and seminar with the theme "development of Strengthening of State Defense Forum state defense in a coordinated and throughout the Territory of the effective manner in the era of Indonesian Republic. globalization" in the era of the Minister of With a vision which is, the Creation Defense RI Prof. Juwono Sudarsono. of Strong and Dynamic National Resilience Initially the Forum became a forum for the to Realize Unitary State of the Republic of State Defense-Defense Ministry alumni Indonesia, Sovereign, Fair and Prosperous. who played an active role in implementing With a mission: the value of state defense to all levels of a. Developing awareness of State society and has been registered in the Defense to Every component of the Ministry of Home Affairs as a Community nation based on a sense of nationalism. Organization with Registered Certificate b. Unite and empower all components of Number: 218 / D.III.3 / IX / 2009 Dated the nation in an effort to establish a st September 1 2009. Then the Forum critical and progressive attitude to Implemented Consolidation and address any issues that can threaten th th Restructuring On March 28 And 29 2012 integrity and national identity.

17 B. Hersusanto, “Tantangan Diplomasi Perbatasan RI”, Jurnal Diplomasi, 2012. pp. 65- 73.

The Role of State Defense Cadres of The Border Areas in Cross Border … | Wahyudi | 9 c. Digging, preparing and developing the of Research, Technology, and potential of national resources for the University) Kemenristekdikti, (Ministry progress and prosperity of the nation. of Youth and Sports) Kemenpora, TNI The role of FBN is: (Indonesia National Army) And Police a. As a partner of government and non- as well as Related Institution In governmental organizations in accordance respective Areas of socializing awareness of State Defense. Operation. b. As a social control in the process of c. Identify the problem of potential nation and state development. threats, disturbances, obstacles, c. As a vessel that plays a role in challenges and needs that exist in its anticipating potential communal areas of operation, as the basis for the conflict and mediate in resolving it. preparation of the plan and d. As a vessel that plays an active role in implementation of activities. implementing the values of State d. Encouraging community participation Defense by participating in guarding in improving mindset and attitude as the government's policy as the well as patterns of action on critical organizer of the state for the issue that threaten the integrity of the realization of a just and prosperous nation. sovereign society. e. Mediating as an effort to prevent and Activity of the State Defense forum solve vertical conflicts and horizontal focuses on programs such as: conflicts. a. Education and training for community f. Building the potential of the members on awareness of State organization as a source of information Defense. and facilitator of the community as well b. In implementing the State Defense as partner of the executive, legislative Awareness Program for Every National and judicial institutions in order to Component, State Defense Forum improve the attitude of State Defense. Implement Coordination and FBN has been established in various Cooperation with Ministry of Defense, provinces throughout Indonesia including Ministry of Home Affairs, (Ministry of in Province. In Sebatik, the Culture and Middle Elementary presence of FBN coincides with the Education) Kemendiksarmen, (Ministry establishment of FBN in the northern

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Borneo province which was introduced in particular with regard to the dynamics and brought by the State Defense cadre at the border and their threats. FBN who was a graduate student of the Sebatik has a planned work program into Indonesian Defense University on July 16th various fields and incidental programs in , 2015 after obtaining the appointment and accordance with the development and decision letter from the FBN Central Board dynamics of the environment including led by Admiral Young (Ret.) Prof. Setyo the following: Harnowo who is also a lecturer at the 1. Defense and security program University of Defense Indonesia for the 2. Economic Program establishment of administrators at the 3. Social community program provincial level of North Kalimantan, 4. Economic Program Sebatik and Bulungan. And lastly following The implementation of the work program the FBN stewardship in City and and the achievement of FBN Sebatik which Nunukan District. has been implemented so far is as follows: Currently, FBN Sebatik is an 1. Program in the Field of Security Defense Through Concern on State organization that is a vessel from the Boundary Issues results of the regeneration by the State cadres gathered in the forum of Directorate General of DefensePotential State Defense are not exempted from of the Ministry of Defense in Sebatik with paying attention to political issues, 214 cadres of State Defense. especially related to the issue of state

sovereignty at the border. One of the Planning, Implementation and Outcome border issues of the country that they of the Sebatik FBN Program often highlight is the issue of OBP As a border area that is directly facing the (Outstanding Boundary Problems) dynamics of cross border with Malaysia where there is an uneasiness among and Philippines, FBN Sebatik as an the public regarding the alleged shift of independent organization which is the the state border in the position of 4 '10 official vessel of cadre of State Defense as "N in accordance with the London a result established by the Ministry of Convention of 1891 which divided Defense in Sebatik in every planning of its Sebatik island into two parts which activity often related between work stretches the island into two countries program and context of area requirement,

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through the 18 border marks of the movement is quite successful to country. Their efforts in taking a role on educate the public concerning to the issue of state borders are done by Indonesia's position on Sebatik Island. doing the following things: The planting of trees is perceived as a symbol of state sovereignty in Sebatik. a. Planting a thousand trees in stakes 6-7 as a form of affirmation of state After a year of planting they care for the borders. tree through the exploration program On December 27th, 2015 FBN Sebatik in and fertilizer on the seeds of trees that cooperation with the TNI and local have grown, although some of them government officials initiated the have also died. planting of a thousand trees along the b. Construction of guard post of State 5-6 stakes which is about 1 KM in the Defense right on the 5 peg as a symbol position of 4 '10 "N in accordance with of protection from outside threat the London Convention of 1891 In addition to planting a thousand trees regardless of the factual stakes that as a symbol of affirmation and of state when it is stuck allegedly harm sovereignty at the border. FBN Sebatik Indonesia’s Interest. The planting of a also undertook the construction of a thousand trees was undertaken in an guard post which they named as the effort to educate the public about the State Defense guard post which is right actual position of Indonesia in Sebatik in front of the 5 boundary stakes of the Island, as well as to reinforce the country. The construction of a 3 x 3 M position and existence of Indonesia in guard post that is painted in red and this OBP problem although it is known white with state-defended jargon that the OBP problem is the domain displayed as a guardhouse by the local between the Central Government of border community, while doing Indonesia and Malaysia in the agricultural activities in the oil palm and diplomatic level. But the movement by cocoa plantation located along the the FBN cadres as a form of their stakes 5, so the guard post gives off an reaction to the motto "NKRI Harga Mati, impression as a protector of the Walau sejengkal tanah pun takkan kami citizens of Sebatik against the relakan". NKRI no compromise, not even infiltration to their country. an inch of land shall we give up. The Furthermore, the State Defense

12 | Journal of Defense & State Defense | December 2017 | Volume 7 Number 3 guradpost is expected to provide painting on the stakes whose condition "trepidation" for foreigners who want is dull unkempt among them on pegs 5, to conduct illegal activities through the 9 and 11. They also put a new red and border of the State. Among the illegal white flag in addition to the increasing activities and the threat of border border of the state affirming the residents is the smuggling of drugs existence of state borders. through the "hidden paths". d. Granting and installing red and In addition, FBN cadres also often white flags on every border fishing make this guard post as a place to do boat. camping activities which they named as One of the challenges faced by Kemah cinta tanah air (Love your Indonesia in the country's maritime homeland camp) while guarding the border areas is the frequent deliberate entrence of the state. Preparedness violations by the Malaysian Military and the spirit of guarding the borders either by deliberate factors because of of the State by FBN cadres Sebatik territorial claims particularly around the become a basic capital in order to Ambalat block as well as inadvertent maintain the sovereignty of the country factors considering the sea factor at the border. which does not have a definitive boundary as on land. Likewise, with the c. Action of painting and installation actions of illegal fishing by foreign of the red and white flag at the border of the state as a symbol of affirmation fishermen or foreign ships that enter of a sovereign state. the territory of the Indonesian The condition of the state border in Republic. This requires extra security at Sebatik Island is 18 pieces, 16 of which the sea border, especially by the are planted on Sebatik Island which . But the limitations of divides the island into two countries TNI personnel would be a challenge for and become the symbol of a sovereign themselves. The existence of hundreds state. Of the several existing stakes of Sebatik fishing boats often sailing to some of them already look less feasible fish at the maritime boundaries of the so it needs to be repaired periodically. country should be empowered by a One of the attention of FBN cadres to state maritime marker that also serves this stakes is to do the red and white to provide "deterrence effect" of

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foreign ships that want to perform of its efforts for example through the illegal acts. planting of a thousand trees right at the Through the distribution of red border of the State. and white flag free of charge and the installation of new red and white flag by 2. Economic program through the launching of Bazzar Cinta Rupiah (Love FBN Sebatik cadres to Sebatik Rupiah Market) fishermen boats that sail every day The condition of the Sebatik Island along the sea and the sea border of the border which is right on the border country can be a defensive component causes a considerable degree of in upholding the sovereignty of NKRI in accessibility to reach cities in Indonesia the sea border. and vice versa actually has a closer In general, the achievement of distance to reach the city in the the program in the Defense of Security neighboring country which is the Through Paying Attention to Boundary border point of the country in this case Issues, when referring to guidelines of Tawau city, which is the third largest the Directorate General of Potential city in Malaysia's Sabah region. Defense, then FBN Sebatik has This has an impact on the implemented points of Love the economic exchange from Malaysia to homeland which are Know and Sebatik through the border. This understand the archipelago well and ultimately led to the distribution of Loving and preserving the environment staple goods from Malaysia that executed at public or residential dominate the economic of citizens of environment (Linkim) by using Sebatik. In addition, the use of ringgit methods of creating conducive money in this region is due to the environment. The understanding of the economic flows of Malaysia taking cadre of State Defense towards the place in Sebatik. border of the state at Sebatik along To prevent the continuous flow of with efforts to maintain and preserve it domination and hegemony of is a form of understanding of the Malaysian products, FBN Sebatik held archipelago with the efforts of the FBN the Bazaar Cinta Rupiah (BCR) event to maintain the border of the State and several times on the 17th of August and preserve it along with the preservation

14 | Journal of Defense & State Defense | December 2017 | Volume 7 Number 3 on the Day of Sumpah Pemuda, October the implementation of the nation 28th. In activity is they sell 100 per cent awareness points which are Loving the of basic food items which are Nation's Culture & Domestic Product Indonesian products they donate from carried out in residential environment various donators. Daily necessaity such or the general public by using methods as rice, sugar, oil, salt, indomie and of supporting community integration many others are sold cheap, but with and social solidarity activities. This the condition that buyers who want to Bazaar Cinta Rupiah event has a role in buy are required to use rupiah in the efforts to civilize the use of rupiah and transaction zone they call the the purchase of domestic products. mandatory Rupiah zone. Even in the 3. Program in Social Community Affair transaction zone, FBN committee prepares money changer for buyers In addition to focusing on issues of who are accustomed to carry rupiah sovereignty and state borders, FBN money. In addition, lower middle class Sebatik cadres also are not exempted are prioritized through the coupons to their role in helping and caring for given as the results of data collected by the community. Because the village officials. Coupon as a condition implementation of State Defense can to make a transaction. be actualized through the real work and Through this activity, it is hoped hands on approach as follows: that people will be more familiar with their own domestic food products and a. Care for the elderly and orphans. to get used to using rupiah. FBN views The existence of elderly ladies in that the habituation or simulation poverty in Sebatik is also a concern approach will be more effective for of FBN, in celebration of December changing the habits than to adopt a 21st, FBN cadres come to the elderly legal enforcement approach for foreign to share happiness through the currency users in NKRI. packages of basic foods they The achievement of this program collect from various donators. This when referring to the Guide of the action is a form of appreciation to Directorate of General Potential the figures of women who have Defense of the Ministry of Defense is raised the young generations in the

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region. Their care for the elderly, mosque in East Sebatik sub-district. especially those in poverty, greatly Even worshipers of the mosque are helps to ease their burdens. uncomfortable to use the mosque to worship because of its b. Caring for the fishermen at The Border. emergency condition. Through out half a day of gotong royong At the end of 2016, some Sebatik (working together) involving 50 fishermen were caught by uniformed cadre of State Defense, Malaysian maritime police because the condition of the mosque little the fishermen accidentally broke by little is cleaned from the debris into the Malaysian sea territory of the building and can be used criminalized as a fish theft. In the normally. Even in its activities process of arrest and detention of through the aid funds from the fishermen it affects on the Ministry of Defense, they donated livelihood of the families of 50 sacks of cement and 5 trucks of fishermen left behind. FBN gravel pebbles to accelerate the Sebatik's cadres were moved to construction of the mosque. help by raising funds from donors. In addition, on the same day, Incoming donations were used to Sebatik FBN cadres carry out buy food packages which are then community service activities in the given to the families of the form of gotong royong at a school fishermen to ease their burdens. called Nurul Iman Foundation in c. Social action in places of worship East Sebatik area that houses the and schools. elementary to high school Mosques and schools which is one education. The condition of the of the means of character school grown byweeds and bushes development of the nation cannot in the swamps that almost covered be separated from the attention of the entire schoolyard area so that Sebatik cadres State Defense. On the Indonesian flag ceremony an occasion, Sebatik FBN cadres agenda every Monday is only held carried out cleaning and in front of the class all shifting to construction of a mangkrak each other. Seeing the situation

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and conditions, Sebatik FBN cadres Not only concerned with local issues, donated 50 trucks of dirt used to FBN Sebatik cadres also shows their bury the swamps and bushes to be role on humanitarian issues in other used for morning and ceremony. parts of the world. When the issue of Now part of the school yard can Ethnic Rohingya expulsions from already be used for ceremonial Myanmar started in September 2017 to activities as well as sports. the border areas of Bangladesh causing Meanwhile, in other areas moral and material loss against precisely in Sebatik middle school Rohingya ethnic citizens therefore children of migrant workers named requires a helping hand and assistance. School Tapal Batas became the On September 6th, 2017, FBN Sebatik target of cadres FBN Sebatik. cadres along with other local Simple schools that accommodate community elements in Sebatik held a the majority of TKI children need fundraising campaign to help Rohingya sports field for teaching and ethnic community as a form of care as a learning activities. Through gotong fellow human being which is also a royong, Sebatik FBN cadres mandate in the opening of the 1945 constructed a sports field made of Constitution. From the fundraising cement and gravel in the middle of results. Finally, funds collected was Rp the school yard that can also be 11,652,000, and RM 263, which then used for flag ceremony. Likewise, proceed used to help residents of the with the help of net and sports oppressed Rohingya ethnic. equipment to equip it. In addition, The achievement this program to cultivate the use of batik for the when referring to the guide of children of migrant workers who Ditjenpothan is the form of have interact much and live in implementing of State Defense on the Malaysia with their parents. FBN awareness points of nationality that is cadres also donated batik shirts to Growing a sense of having great soul be used on Thursday as batik day at and patriotism and having awareness school. of the responsibility as an Indonesian citizen. This is done in residential 4. Humanitary acts (Rohingya)

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environments or the general public lecturers will deliver the state's using the method of social solidarity. introductory material at the beginning of the meeting for 30 minutes before 5. Programs in Education getting into a general subject. This Sebatik FBN cadres, some of whom are guidance activity effectively adds to the teachers, also show their role in insight of the nationality of the education. With the members who children, even many of the guardians of work as teachers encourage FBN to all ages have memorized "mars bela show its role in education. Their focus is negara" (State Defense March) and the to develop nationality and identity of most prominent is one of Sebatik high Indonesian to the generations of school team who was guided by FBN students who are on the border of Sebatik and won 1st place in North Sebatik Island through the following Borneo province a meticulous race to program: carefully parade the love of the homeland and represent North a. Organizing a State Defense Class Kalimantan to the national level held by State guidance class was initiated by Dirjenpothan Ministry of Defense. FBN Sebatik at the beginning of 2016, But unfortunately, this activity free non-profit activity is aimed to only lasts for approximately one year, convey the insight of nationality and the teacher's busyness whose State Defense at school children from background are teachers and FBN elementary to high school by the cadres stopped this activity. delivery and model of learning in

accordance with its level. To evoke the b. Establishment of State Defense Early Education School in rural Sebatik interest of the participants, FBN also FBN Sebatik cadres' care towards opened a free tutoring class for all education is also shown by their activity subjects such as mathematics, English, to establish a PAUD school in one of the Arabic to PPKN with a duration of 60 remote and isolated areas of Sebatik minutes with a meeting of once every 3 Island. The area is named Batang river weeks. village located in Sebatik Parent sub- To deliver a state defense district which is occupied by about 50 message, the system used is the

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Household. The area is isolated not only PAUD children in the village to learn because the village has no electricity, from an early age without having to go but more than that it concerns to the out of the village which often hindered accessibility to get in and out of the by the weather. Strategically, the village, because when heavy rains come establishment of early childhood aims down the ground access that they can also to evoke educational observers to use to get to the next village or to the be able to open a kind of filial school or axis road cannot be traversed because long distance "branch" for elementary of the muddy and hilly road terrain, on to junior high school in the kampung the other side there is an alternative area to facilitate the students to enjoy road in the form of beach lane, but they education as they should. will be difficult to pass the coastal road Finally, teaching and learning when it is high tide. The peak is when activities in PAUD lasted 3 times a week the rainy season falls and high tide, through two permanent teachers from then that's when the citizens will be FBN cadres. For the long term the FBN completely isolated, consequently the tries to empower the local people who students from this village who has to go have the education to become their to school was forced to cancel it. The teachers since two FBN teachers are natural and long-lasting nature will not domiciled in the kampong. hinder the learning process of these The achievements of this children, which will certainly have an program when referring to guidelines effect on their level of achievement. Ditjenpothan of the Ministry of Defense To cope with this, FBN Sebatik is the implementation of Willing to cadres perform simple steps according Sacrifice points for the nation and to the fund they have. With the namely Prefer the public interest rather teachers and teaching personnel as than personal interests / groups and well as the support of an empty hut in devotes the sincerity of energy and the village. FBN Sebatik finally mind to complete the tasks, rights and established a PAUD BELA NEGARA obligations without payment carried on PEISISR NKRI (PAUD State Defense educational environment (Lindik) using NKRI) because the location of the the methods of education and training PAUD is near the coast. This is to help to the community.

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Morale and Human Resources Briefing in informally. Formal meetings are usually FBN Sebatik conducted together to discuss the The number of members at Sebatik FBN upcoming program or informal meetings amounts to 214 people today. This amount while jogging together or rujak party from is obtained based on two cadre activities house to house to develop familiarity. conducted directly by the Ditjenpothan of The high intensity of meetings does Ministry of Defense Ministry in Sebatik. not guarantee the activeness of all This is the first stage of cadre cultivation members, on the first regeneration of 125 conducted in January 2017 which has people, in its journey when executing, the attracted 125 participants consisting of number of members present were 50 inter-profession and age and second stage people maximum. This is understandable activity i.e cadre guidance in November considering that some of its members are 2017 followed by 89 participants. So, when mothers who already have household calculated the total number of total is responsibilities. Likewise, the cadre at the amounted to 214 people. second stage are 89 people. On the first Observing their age and profession, ever meeting, a week after the the majority of Sebatik State Defense regeneration, the number of participants cadres are considered as young and who attended were only a few about 40 vulnerable at the age 17 to 30 years and people and the majority are high school most of them are fresh graduate who have students and baccalaureate. just received their Bacherlor’s Degree and With a total of about 100 active now works as a teacher in Sebatik, as well cadres from a total of 214 cadres, FBN as 1 and 2 high school students which are Sebatik should be able to be deployed in also quite dominant in FBN Sebatik various activities in the field, either membership. internal organizational or partnership That youth and the organizational activities with State institutions or local experience at college from cadres helped organizations. Sebatik FBN's existence. The spirit of

Sebatik FBN cadres is visible from the FBN Sebatik cooperation with other intensity of the programs and meetings elements that they do. Within a week the cadres held meetings both formally and

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FBN Sebatik as a community organization 3. The maintenance and cultivation of in Sebatik has develop a partnership such state cadres conducted in Sebatik, as follows: which is a program of the Directorate 1. The planting of a thousand trees on General of Potential Defense of the December 27th 2015 initiated by FBN Ministry of Defense, is also the result of Sebatik in was not executed alone, they cooperation and coordination between partnered with the plantation office of FBN Sebatik members and Nunukan Nunukan Regency in preparing a regency in preparing the venue for thousand seedlings and supported by events, speakers, and participants to DPD RI members in financing the participate. Local Kesbangpol (State operational activities. The local officials Unity and Politics) became a forum for both the village apparatus and the TNI the cadres to develop as a local play a role in conditioning the location organization in the district of Nunukan. where the activity takes place. This 4. The social action of the Sebatik FBN cross-border cooperation is established cadres, such as providing assistance for by communication and coordination the elderly women, is the result of conducted by the Sebatik FBN cadres. cooperation with one of the DPD RI 2. In Bazar Cinta Rupiah which became one members of the committee III, one of of FBN Sebatik's flagship programs in whom is in charge of the welfare of the economy, one of its execution was on community, as well as the FBN Sebatik October 28th, 2016, FBN sebatik social action when providing assistance partnered with ILUNI FEB UI (University to the families of Sebatik fisherman of Indonesia Alumni Association of who was detained in Malaysia as a Economics and Business Faculty). result of FBN Sebatik cooperation with Introduction of ILUNI FEB UI is one of the members of the House of established by FBN Sebatik cadres who representatives of North Kalimantan are currently studying in Jakarta and Province in Senayan. FBN Sebatik's have partners with UI Alumni. The partnership with members of DPR and introduction is forwarded to members DPD are well established in the same of FBN in Sebatik to hold a joint activity program-oriented activities, although within one vision. organizationally, FBN Sebatik does not

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firmly participate in practical political In the planning the program, FBN activities. Sebatik noticed the dynamics and environmental development especially Conclusion as a border. Program planning is The formation of State Defense cadres in conducted in defense and security, the border region needs to be a concern in economic, social and education the midst of globalization that can turn The program has been implemented into transnational threats, including in and the result is: Sebatik Island region, Nunukan regency, a. Program of Defense and security North Kalimantan province directly through concerning on boundary bordering Malaysia. The existence of issues by implementing activities of cadres State Defense as an organization of planting a thousand trees in stakes 6- state defense forums is able to play a role 7 as a form of affirmation of the in maintaining the sovereignty of the State border of the State, Establishment from various aspects. The role of cadre of State guard post right in peg 5 as State Defense at Sebatik Island is visible a symbol of outside threat from various aspects as follows: protection and painting and 1. Organization installation of red and white flag on FBN Sebatik is a regional level the stakes of state boundaries as a organization that has a Main at the symbol of affirmation of the national level. FBN Sebatik was sovereignty of the State which founded on July 16th, 2015 which was resulted in the form of brought and introduced by the State implementation of State Defense at Defense cadre who are graduate Love the homeland by knowing the students of the University of Defense. territory of the state well and Currently, FBN Sebatik becomes official keeping the surrounding vessel for cadre State Defense alumni environment implemented in the formed by directorate general of neighborhood or the general public defense potential of Ministry of using the method of creating a Defense. conducive conditions. 2. Planning, execution and achievement b. Programs in economy through the of work program Bazaar Cinta Rupiah which results is a

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form of implementation of State and devoting the sincere energy and Defense in the nation and state mind to complete the tasks, rights which loves national culture and and obligations without profit domestic products awareness are implemented in the educational implemented in the neighborhood environment (Lindik) and training by using a support the integration of the community. society and social solidarity method. 3. The spirit of work and the mobilization c. Programs in social affairs through of Human Resources activities such as Caring for the elderly and orphans, Action Sebatik State Defense cadre human concerning fishermen at the border, resource who are majority young are Social acts in places of worship and fresh graduates of Bachelor’s Degree schools as well as Humanitary acts (S1) who works as teachers and high (Rohingya). The result is the school students contribute in moving implementation of State Defense on the wheel of FBN organization Sebatik nation and state awareness to move actively. FBN Sebatik is develop a sense of great soul and supported by approximately 100 active patriotism and have an awareness of cadres from a total of 214 cadres which the responsibility as an Indonesian are the result of the Ministry of Defense citizen. This is done in residential regeneration in the maintenance phase environments or the general public of cadres in January 2017 with 125 using the social solidarity method. participants and the cadre coaching d. Programs in education through the stage in November 2017 with 89 National State Defense Tutoring and participants. Establishment of Early Childhood 4. Cooperation with other elements Education State Defense School in remote areas of Sebatik. The result is Various partners FBN Sebatik in running the implementation of State its program as long as outside of the Defense on willing to sacrifice for the Ditjenpothan Of the Ministry of nation and the State namely Defense are members of DPD RI prioritize the public interest rather Committee III, members of the House than the personal / group interest of Representatives, Alumni Association

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FEB UI, Kesbangpol district Nunukan, (Jakarta: PT Semesta Rakyat Merdeka, 2014). Nunukan District Plantation, Koramil Sukoco, & Assifa, F. 2016. Pemerintah Sebatik, Satpas Pamtas Sebatik and Segera Selesaikan Masalah Lima Muspika sepatau Sebatik. Tapal Batas Indonesia Malaysia di Nunukan (The Government Immediately Solve the Problem of References Indonesia's Five Deadlines in Nunukan). Retrieved from Agus Subagyo, State Defense, Peluang Kompas.com dan Tantangan di Era Globalisasi Sobar Sutisna, Kajian Pertahanan (Opportunities and Challenges in the Perbatasan, Rencana Era of Globalization), (Yogyakarta: Pengembangan Kota Mandiri Pulau PT Graha Ilmu, 2015). Sebatik Dalam Rangka Menjaga Budi Mardjoko, Implementasi Program Keutuhan NKRI (Study of Border Garda Batas dalam rangka Bela Defense, Plan of Development of Negara di Pulau Sebatik Independent City of Sebatik Island in (Implementation of Border Guard Order to Keep the Unity of NKRI), Program in the framework of State (Jakarta: University of Defense, Defense at Sebatik Island), (Jakarta: 2011). Indonesia University of Defense, Yunardhani. R. Prevention Condition of 2013). Community Crime revention at the Ditjenpothan of Ministry of Defense, border of Indonesia - Malaysia Tataran Dasar Bela Negara (Stages (Nunukan Island dan Sebatik Island of State Defense, (Jakarta: Kemhan East Borneo Province). (Depok: RI, 2014). Master of Criminology Department, Univeristy of Indonesia, 2012). Hersusanto. B, Tantangan Diplomasi Perbatasan RI (Indonesia Border Diplomacy Challenge). Diplomacy Journal, pg. 65-73, 2012).

RI Ministry of Defense, White Book of Defense, (Jakarta: RI Ministry of Defense, 2008) RI Ministry of Defense, White Book of

Defense, (Jakarta: RI Ministry of Defense, 2015). Ministry of Defense Decree no: 1181/ M/ X1/2015 regarding Cultivating state awareness development TB. Hasanuddin, Bela Negara dan Kontradiksi Wacana Wajib Militer Indonesia (State Defense and the Contradictions of Indonesian Military Compulsory Discourse),

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