TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY as apreliminary assessment on avifauna diver with Island Sebatik of part Southern unlike plantation, palm oil or settlements human into converted either were Island uncertainisland remained small yet was gove the under is half remaining 2020 , on hab ve local subsequentlyhabitatgivenavifaunathediversity enrich at increase could which time, of progression 2005; Nealson, limi whererichness, inchanges avifaunacertain species are the ret range wide biodiversity ha island small every still spaces, limited theirs Despite Short Short © Received KEYWORDS: avifauna inhabitants from being threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. that, ofBecauseresident species.and migratory abundance and composition and were Kuning, Haji Sungai along non and individuals at conducted was samplingOpportunistic ABSTRACT Island Small Island Avifauna Diversity at Sebatik Transactions on Science and Technology Vol. Transactions on Science and Technology and on Science Transactions urn, At At 2009). al., et (Kier ecosystems island small on found be can diversity wildlife endemic and Rich

a small island habitat

itat condition plays a vital a plays condition itat small island in a constant state of equilibrium (Peh equilibriumof state constant a in island small type habitat ted lives of avifauna of lives ted

Communication 2 4 February 4 February the Communication - threatened residenthreatened local local to be to

belonged to 13 to belonged South East South

Preliminary study Preliminary was habitat

of resident and migratory avifaunamigratoryand residentof Avifauna Diversity;

20

(Taylor & Kumar, 2006). In fact, a small island ecosystem can function as a habitat to a a to habitat a as function can ecosystem island small a fact, In 2006). Kumar, & (Taylor avifauna community help help community avifauna 20 of investigated by investigated with feeding guild of local avifauna. local of guild feeding with

Forestry Complex, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Revised Y

heavily ahya ahya

condition Sabah, Malaysia

3 April 2020 3 April remaining

). ). region different et al et

t species. All recorded migratory avifauna species,avifauna migratoryrecorded Allspecies. t

, thus , The n The - . could habitat disturbed

individuals and species and individuals ., 2016 .,

Accepted Accepted determined

7 Sebatik Island;

particularlysensitive, e both human settlement and riverine mangro riverine and settlement human both , No. of (Yap Lim et al. Lim commenced species orthern part of this island is located within Malaysia border, while the while border, Malaysia within located is island this of part orthern past

role in shaping in role large area of area large Sabah lies a small island that is known as Sebatik Island Sebatik as known is that island small a lies Sabah 1 4 April 2020 4 April

). Then, forest Then, ). , at this moment this at 18 rnance of . To date, To Indonesia. of rnance

et al et , four

research - 20

23 were 20 as carnivores, as ,

., 2007). Intensity and severity ofdisturbanceseverityanddefined Intensity .,2007). 2020 . villages and villages

Onl Transactions on Science and Technology.

to investigate the maintaining

conservation effort is required to preserve this small thispreserve torequired is conservationeffort Small Island observed ine ine

20 ers, where ers,

April 2020 April Since that there were no significant no were there that Since intact forest. Therefore, forest. intact *Corresponding sity presented atSebatik Island in , Sabah.

stratification and succession and stratification

the species . Likewise

only provide limited foodlimited provide only along S along on Sebatik on hence at a at

; diversity speciallytowards Specie Richness

the food chain and loss and chain food the

time, and vice versa (Millerversa vice and time, and availability, food and diversity getation

Wing

avifauna diversityavifauna presented on avifauna species avifauna

indicating the relat the indicating

author. E ungai Haji Kuning Haji ungai (Turner et al et ve

, a large area of forestarea large a , Island, which were mainly comprised of carnivorouscomprisedof wereIsland, mainly which

ecosystem island distinct a as well as 2 .,

- - and composition of avifauna presented avifauna of composition and Mail: [email protected]

Shen Lim, Shen 005; and Basnet and 005;

et al et

7 of diversity avifauna ve habitats were habitats ve as well as the five avifauna speciessightedavifauna five the as well as ( ; 1

),

and SIRC (Styring 18 ., 2002; and 2002; .,

present study was commenced was study present - biophysicaland environmental

ionship between ionship 23 for three days three for

that could be sighted be could that

differences in in differences Andy Russel Mojiol Russel Andy su and et al et ; can occur along with the with along occur can Tel: + - gain in forest stands forest in gain et al et vital ., 2011). In a nutshell,a In2011). ., David

6088

on Sebatik IslandSebatik in et al et . bsequently sustainbsequently

., 2016). ., to the survival of survival the to - A total of 28 of total A 320000; Fax: +6088 Nort

island habitat and itsandhabitat island migratory behavio migratory ., 2003; Jones & Jones 2003; .,

Sebatik Island Sebatik to sus to et al et avifauna hern hern (Universiti

., 2016). ., However, diversity tain rich tain

Sebatik MALAYSIA. avifauna

on t on

species Sabah

-

320876

both his

In of u # r . .

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY confidence interval level at 95.0% (p<0.05). (Hammer 3.25 ver. PAST software statistical the using commenced were analyses avifauna of squared ascertai were settlementhabitatshumanmangrove and riverine Then,2004).(Magurran, to (2020 information the on based determined were captured the of Speciessites. were identified based on the field guide written byFrancis (2007), and then p sighted were that p.m.) 5.00 to a.m. (8.00 daytime during the Kun Haji Sungai and length) throughreachableare Villages Su and Melayu Sungai Both vehicles. terrestrial by Bay Northern at jetty the from Ber while Coast, Northwest at located is Village Baru Kuning Haji Sungai Su Island, Sebatik of region Northern the on locations several hotographs were captured were hotographs

ngai Melayu Village, Mentadak Baru Village, Baru MentadakVillage, Melayu ngai represent diversity represent sighted Opportunistic sampling was applied i applied was sampling Opportunistic 2018, In locations of sampling areas

) for the species the for )

Test was applied to examine to applied was Test

individual and habitat type we type habitat and individual , in terms oftermsin , a scientific expedition was organized by the the by organized was expedition scientific a Figure 1.

photog at

raphs were chosen as sampling areas and visited by the experts from SIRC. from experts the by visited and areassampling as chosen were the four the -

in Locality map of s richness and richness - IUCNList Red question. differences . Moreover,

fo Lim et al. Lim visited visited ing (approximately 3.5 km in length) respectively. length) in km 3.5 (approximately ing r every viewing success of avifauna of success viewing every r

water transportations along Sungai Melayu (approximately 2.6 kmin Melayu2.6 Sungai(approximately transportationsalong water in Sebatik Island of Tawau, Sabah.

Shannon (H’) and Simpsonand (H’)Shannon ,

20 distribution in diversitydistributionand in richness eve vi 20

the relationship between relationship the . IUCN Red List Status, feeding guild and migratory behaviourmigratory and guildfeeding Status, List Red IUCN llages and along Sungai Haji Kuning were Kuning Haji Sungai along and llages

ISSN ISSN 2289 Transactions on Science and Technology.

ampling areas Status,feeding within the given three days three given the within n present study, in which field observation was conducted was observation field which in study, present n re determine re

ht were that - 8786.

evenness of evenness Sungai Haji Kuning Village, Kuning Haji Sungai http://tost.unise.org/

in Sebatik Island ofTawau, Sabah. gosong V gosong guild

d and recorded and d rvdd y th by provided Small Island Re Island Small from from

and migratoryand behaviour. The s avifauna on Sebatik Island Sebatik on avifauna

(1 habitat type and type habitat - illa ned ned

7 D) Diversity Indices were estimatedDiversitywereIndices D) 6 until 8 August. Within three days,three Within August. 8 until 6 (

1 ),

ge is situated about situated is ge individual or group at respective at group or individual . Avifauna individuals or groups or individuals Avifauna . 18 using Diversity T usingDiversity

-

23

oln dtbss f IUCN of databases online e search Centre (SIRC) to visit to (SIRC) Centre search directl

Bergosong VillageBergosong nness of avianof nness y at field or based on based or field at y

species

Figure 1 Figure recorded, and the and recorded, ngai Haji Kuning Haji ngai et al et - Test. The Test.

., 2001), with 2001), .,

2.0 km away km 2.0

com

respectively

the

Mentadak illustrates

tatistical between position number , and ,

Chi

19 n -

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY different habitat types, therefore support the results Chi of differ be can guild, feeding of term in composition, species avifauna that reveal finding species. omnivorous four and species, herbivorous two species, carnivorous two of comprised species carnivorous fact in the of one habitat a in shortage food towards responses adaptive their an omnivorous to compared when sources food ( Egret k rec were guildfeeding to related * this could beapossible explanation behind their high abundance on this small island. Perhaps, stable. and large remained sizes population global and local current their because species, hig five the (2020), IUCN to According study. present in species 8 remaining the than abundant more be to determined were respectively), Oriental Dwarfthe both by ( Starling Glossy Asian Moreover, 4). = (n Kuning Haji Sungai of species on this small island, atthe same time the most abundant species at riverine mangrove habitat fol 9), = (n habitat settlement ( speciessighted two with (kingfishers) ( species sighted of number families, different 8 to belonged individuals 28 a families Island. Sebatik on habitats the displays 2 Table whereas Hirundo rustica Hirundo Note: Note: Columbiformes Passeriformes Coraciiformes Suliformes Acci Pelecaniformes ingfisher and Barn Swallow Barn and ingfisher Next tha species avifauna of list the shows 1 Table

pitriformes Egretta e Egretta Order n ca Table 1 ,

orded, = Number of sighted individual. rnivores (53.8 %), (53.8 rnivores results of Chi of results nd 6 orders were orders 6 nd ir

transit location transit

ulophotes

. ) was determined as the most abundant species on Sebatik Island and at the human the at and Island Sebatik on species abundant most the as determined was )

and then all r all then and

List ofavifauna species that are observed onSebatik Island of Tawau, Sabah.

as well as Columbidae Nectariniidae Estrildidae Hirundinidae Passeridae Sturnida Alcedinidae Anhingidae Accipitridae Ardeidae

- squared Test indicated that indicated Test squared ) (p<0.05)

was observed along observed was Family - and then all all then and s . 2 encountered kingfisher ( ihn three Within

On the contrary, avifauna community at human settlement habitat was habitat settlement human at community avifauna contrary, the On 3 lowed by Brahminy Kite ( Kite Brahminy by lowed (Gilbert Lim et al. Lim

e were ecorded migratory species were carnivores, in which in carnivores, were species migratory ecorded .1 % or 3 species 3 or % .1

pce tat o sal sad vfua ht r osre a various at observed are that avifauna island small of traits species

of avifauna. In preseInavifauna. of

,

20 encountered 20 et al et .

(15.4 %). (15.4 ISSN ISSN 2289 Transactions on Science and Technology. Ceyx erithacaCeyx hly Egretta eulophotes Ardea alba Ducula Ducula aenea Cinnyris Lonchura atricapilla Hirundo rustica Passer montanus Aplonis panayensis Halcyon pileata Ceyx erithaca Anhinga melanogaster Haliastur indus Ardea sumatrana five

on Sebatik Island. Island. Sebatik on

., 2018) .,

day - Scientific Name abundant avifauna species were in fact “Least Concern” “Least fact in were species avifauna abundant

species - Sungai Haji Kuning. Haji Sungai s 8786. ) was Ardeidae (waterbirArdeidae was ) ,

Among the 13 recorded avian species, Barn SwallowBarn species,avian recorded 13 the Among

8 vfua niiul blne t 1 seis 10 species, 13 to belonged individuals avifauna 28 , d herbivorous species, thus species, herbivorous d at jugularis

t are observed on Sebatik Island of Tawau, Sabah, Tawau, of Island Sebatik on observed are t Besides that, Besides http://tost.unise.org/ n te aian fauna avifauna then and human settlements, whilesettlements, human

) and Chestnut and Munia( ) the the

observed at the at observed nt study, nt

Haliastur indus Haliastur

migratory behaviour and habitat type were type habitat and behaviour migratory

-

squared Test of present study.

Eight out of the recorded 13 species and species 13 recorded the of out Eight , and then small isl small then and ,

o 7 out of out 7 nly threenly

7 Chinese Egret EgretGreat Green Imperial Pigeon Olive Chestnut Munia Barn Swallow Eurasian Tree Sparrow Asian Glossy Starling Black Black Oriental Darter Brahminy Kite Dusky Aplonis panayensis Aplonis ( 1

), Carnivorous species have limited have species Carnivorous 18

riverine mangrove habitat were habitat mangrove riverine

- ) as the second the as )

- - - 23 Common Name

capped Kingfisher backed Kingfisher backed Sunbird - the 13 recorded 13 the ds), followed by Alcedinidaeby followed ds),

grey grey Heron

migratory Lonchura atricapillaLonchura

aiy ih h highest the with family

migration may serve as serve may migration the vulnerable Chinesevulnerable the

and habitat becomes habitat and

) ( )

avifauna O - n = 3), followed 3), = n most abundant most

riental Dwarf riental

species were species ent between ent

species ) (n = 2 =2 (n )

This n 1 1 2 9 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1 1

20 -

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Se Gilbert Seb on avifauna 2018; Lim Mojiol,& 201 of survival words, other In (p<0.05). D =0.7450), still differences in aspectsboth between these two habitats were statistically insignificant avifau of evenness Although 8 remaining the whereas 5 only which in species, common no shared habitats settlement human and mangrove riverine both Then, dis unevenly for ef habitats disturbed giv le villages these around and to rivers,thusclose situated hand, of survival the alba carnivorous concern; NT =Near * Note: Note: IUCN = International Union for Conservation Nature of ading factor that results in the in results that factor ading fort must be provided to provided be must fort batik Island batik In term of avifauna diversity, n diversity, avifauna of term In ri is habitatmangrove Riverine By comparing present findings with past findings, past with findings present comparing By en villages en s ), and), Table 2. Barn Swallow Eurasian Tree Sparrow Asian Glossy Starling Black Oriental Dwarf Oriental Darter Brahminy Kite Dusky Chinese Egret EgretGreat Green Imperial Pigeon Olive Chestnut Munia

us

local

tain species et al et Common Name - -

OrientalDarter ( capped Kingfisher backed Sun riverine man riverine ing -

grey grey Heron human settlements are settlements human

. (2018), . the Species traits of small island avifauna observed at various habitats onSebatik Island. Brahminy Kite, Chinese Egret, Chinese Kite, Brahminy tributed,

lives ofthe (Mojiol obtained in present study present in obtained and 8 individuals were sighted were individuals 8 and given

local small island avifauna community (Boonratana & Sharma, 1997; Gilbert 1997; Sharma, & (Boonratana community avifauna island small local atik Island atik

n

are vitalare -

- a

threatened, and; VU =Vulnerable. k avifauna species of species avifauna

species on species (H’ = 1.386; 1 1.386; = (H’ bird ingfisher avifauna diversityavifauna et al et

grove habitat was determined with lower with determined was habitat grove 9).

both avifauna community

species ., 2008; and Lerman and 2008; .,

Anhinga melanogaster

(Miller

are prevent to the to

an Lim et al. Lim

riverine mangrove and human settlement human and mangrove riverine

highly dissimilar highly abu

Sebatik Island Sebatik

presences of presences

survival of survival and 20 individuals 20 and ch in aquatic wildlife that wildlife aquatic in ch et al et , - was Island Sebatik of region orthern

surrounded by vegetation in high diversity and density, and also and density, anddiversity high in vegetation bysurrounded 20 nd D = 0.6875) than those of human settlementhab ofhuman those than0.6875) = D IUCN (2020) these two habitats from bein from habitats two these 20 ant of ant . ., 2003). .,

ISSN ISSN 2289 Transactions on Science and Technology. VU NT LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC . On the contrary the On . Gaya 2.133;1 = (H’

Dusky aquaticwildlife,

local - 8786. eifth avifauna species avifauna eifth

et al et In fact, In of Sebatik Island (Mojiol ). al

with those of those with Therefore ong http://tost.unise.org/ - small island avifisland small ., 2014). ., grey Heron ( Heron grey Feeding Guild

the riverine mangro riverine the

- were was different and more diverse more and different was

high food availability food high diversity and composition of composition and diversity D = 0.1660), with referred to Magurran(2004).to referred with0.1660), = D Herbivore Omnivore Herbivore Omnivore Omnivore Omnivore Carnivore Ca Carnivore Carnivore Carnivore Carnivore Carnivore et al et rnivore , 9 out of th of out 9 ,

, In Li and 2008; .,

encountered riverinemangrove habitatca can function can

insects, seeds and fruits are availablearefruits insects,seeds and

other words other

Gaya Island. Based on the on Based Island. Gaya and Natural Resources

Ardea sumatrana Ardea in future. 7 g

(

1 diversity richness and and richness diversity

), degraded and become un become and degraded auna diversity, thus diversity, auna

18 with differ with

- e 13 avifauna specie avifauna 13 e

23

determined

Behav m Migratory at the four visit four the at

habitats , both , as ve of ve et a et

Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No the and variation and l., iour ent feeding guilds feeding ent

Sungai Haji Kuning, Haji Sungai

), Great Egret ( Egret Great ), natural and human and natural food sources for for sources food

2019)

are itat (H’ = 1.704;1 = (H’ itat

to have rich, yet rich, have to the

; LC =Least

critical . than those of those than

conservation On the On small island small distribution ben

ed villages ed Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove Mangrove

findings of findings s recorded s Habitat

Village Village Village Village Village Village Village Village may be a be may Type su

vital for

itable Ardea et al et other

the the

to in at 21 ., - - .

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] REFERENCES Top Scheme Down Research Grant “STD 0010 Island. Sebatikonencountered were thatindividuals avifaunacertain th during authors the assisting for Jumaring fo necessary were thatinformationsecondary and data primary both collecting in authors supportingthe for members Seb of regionNorthern at studythis conduct to opportunity the giving for Sabah, MalaysiaUniversiti of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS technique and longer sampling duration. also atthe remaining prese are that composition obtain and examine to required is research further words, other viewinglowsuccessof to the may which lead forests, highl the along highly (Ancrenaz than Mojiol of range wide a by inhabited be to reported often between composition and also c time sampling and techniques sampling different of application Additionally, 2019). between cancondition habitat in from Centre observe be could study present in

The author would like to like would author The atikIsland.samethe time At

affect package for education and data analysis. T. A. D. Harper, Ø., Hammer, Bird Population in Gaya Island. the on Update An 2018. A. Biun, & R. Repin, M., Lakim, A., O. Igau, J., Sompud, A., E. Gilbert, Society. 2007. M. C. Francis, 2016 Sou the and Malacca of Straits the on Seminar International The 1: Number Issue Special Terengganu. Besar, Perhentian Pulau from Birds lower the in recorded Rosla G., David, species wildlife of Checklist 1997. Kinabatangan, Sabah. S. D. Sharma, Heterogeneous & 2016. R. Boonratana, Z. Münzbergová, & P. Nepal in Centralthe Himalayas. B. Bhattarai, B., M. Hilly a DiversityBirdin of Hotspots Altitudesas Low at Slopes Steep Landscapeson Rokaya, B., T. Basnet, SabahSabah: Forestry Department. 2013. M. Ancrenaz, for - disturbed areas disturbed et al et

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the

– 18.

y

- mainland of (Boonratana & Sharma, 1997; and Mojiol and 1997; Sharma, & (Boonratana Borneo mainlandof

human ). But then, then, But ). r the completion of present of completion the r lement habitat in this in habitat lement

land of cover Northern region Sebatik of Island, using astandardized sampling n, A., Mamat, M. A., Abdullah, M. T. & Hamza, A. A. 2016. A Brief Survey on Survey Brief A 2016. A. A. Hamza, & T. M. Abdullah, A., M. Mamat, A., n,

(Lim & Mojiol, 2019). Since that this study only conduct avifauna sampling avifauna conduct only study this that Since 2019). Mojiol, & (Lim

and the mainland riverine habitats, but habitats, riverinemainland the and be a be - used Sungai Haji Kuning and Kuning Haji Sungai used il Mna: Monit Manual: Field Pce Gie o h Brs f Borneo of Birds the to Guide Pocket A nted, not only at human settlement and riverine mangrove habit mangrove riverine and settlement human at only not nted,

aa sad n Sbtk Island. Sebatik and Island Gaya The Journal of Wildlife Management and Research Sabah, express their deepest gratitude to Small Island Research Centre (SIRC) Centre Research Island Small to gratitude deepest their express et al. Lim possible explanationpossible lower , avifauna individua , million, thankstocommunity givenlocaland were e d ,

20

along avifauna diversity was obtained for obtained was diversity avifauna

20 T Ra, . . 01 PS: aenooia Saitc software Statistics Paleontological PAST: 2001. D. P. Ryan, & PLoS ONE, .

ransactions on Science and Technology, ISSN ISSN 2289 Transactions on Science and Technology.

Lower Kinabatangan River and River KinabatanganLower study, which could be caused be could which study, e scientific expedition by capturing the photographs of photographs the capturing by expedition scientific e

- - 8786. study. Appreciation was also given to Mr. Juhaidi bin Juhaidi Mr. to given also was Appreciation study. Palaeontologia Electronica, 2016”. rn Lre ersra Mmas n Sabah in Mammals Terrestrial Large oring

11(3), 1 http://tost.unise.org/ avifauna species ( species avifauna behind the similarity in recorded avifauna speciesavifauna recorded in similarity the behind ls from ls from

result in obtaining different avifauna diversity avifauna different obtaining in result

local riverilocal

Journal of Sustainable Science and Management and Science Sustainable of Journal not the surroun the not – 19. undisturbed habitat

ieie n mnrv hbtt were habitats mangrove and Riverine

not with Gaya Island (Lim & Mo & (Lim Island Gaya with not

Kt Knbl, aa: h Sabah The Sabah: Kinabalu, Kota . 7 ne avifaunathisspecies inne the ( 1 ), 18 Boonratana & Sharma, 1997; and 1997; Sharma,Boonratana &

absolute avifauna diversity and diversity avifauna absolute

-

23 This research is funded by theby funded is research This

4(1), 9pp.

ding undistur ding

riverine mangrove habitat mangrove riverine by at

5(2), 171

Kota Kinabalu WetlandKinabalu Kota time constraint time s et al et

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1, 47

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Region ofRegion

study. Instudy.

ats, but ats, as well as

jiol, can

to 22

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