DOCSLIB.ORG

Pacific Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PUB. 126 SAILING DIRECTIONS (ENROUTE) ★ PACIFIC ISLANDS ★ Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2005 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. 2005 SEVENTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 Preface 0.0 Pub. 126, Sailing Directions (Enroute) for Pacific Islands, and navigate so that the designated course is continuously Seventh Edition, 2005, is issued for use in conjunction with being made good. Pub. 120, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Pacific Ocean 0.0 Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward and Southeast Asia. Companion volumes are Pubs. 125 and which currents set. 127. 0.0 Dangers.—As a rule outer dangers are fully described, but This publication has been corrected to 13 August 2005, in- inner dangers which are well-charted are, for the most part, cluding Notice to Mariners No. 33 of 2005. omitted. Numerous offshore dangers, grouped together, are mentioned only in general terms. Dangers adjacent to a coastal Explanatory Remarks passage or fairway are described. 0.0 Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1 0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial- minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed Intelligence Agency (NGA), under the authority of Department in meters, or tenths of miles. of Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, and 0.0 Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally pursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren- Sections 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing theses following another name are alternate names that may Directions, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted world, provide information that cannot be shown graphically only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks, on nautical charts and is not readily available elsewhere. such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to 0.0 Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the port approach information which supplements the largest scale interest of typographical simplicity. Geographic names or their chart produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political Agency. This publication is divided into geographic areas status of an area by the United States Government. called “Sectors.” 0.0 Heights.—Heights are referred to the plane of reference 0.0 Bearings.—Bearings are true, and are expressed in degrees used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters. from 000˚ (north) to 360˚, measured clockwise. General 0.0 Index-Gazetteer.—Navigational features and place-names bearings are expressed by initial letters of points of the com- are listed alphabetically in the back of the book. The approxi- pass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endings mate position, along with the Sector and paragraph numbers have been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are intended (e.g. 1.1), facilitate location in the text. degrees are used. 0.0 Internet Links.—This publication provides internet links to 0.0 Coastal Features.—It is assumed that the majority of ships web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, includ- have radar. Available coastal descriptions and views, useful for ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy- radar and visual piloting are included in geographic sequence drographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities. in each Sector. NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning the 0.0 Corrective Information.—Corrective information and other accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of the web comments about this publication can be forwarded to NGA, as sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and omis- follows: sions of these web sites. 0.0 1. Mailing address: 0.0 Light and Fog Signals.—Lights and fog signals are not de- 0.0Maritime Division scribed, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light 0.0National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Lists should be consulted for complete information. 0.0ST D 44 0.0 Ports.—Directions for entering ports are depicted where 0.04600 Sangamore Road appropriate by means of chartlets, sketches, and photos, which 0.0Bethesda MD 20816-5003 facilitate positive identification of landmarks and navigational 0.0 2. E-mail address: aids. These chartlets and sketches are not always to scale, how- [email protected] ever, and should be used only as a general informational guide 0.0 New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the in conjunction with the best scale chart. Specific port facilities date of the publication shown above. Important information to are omitted from the standard format. They are tabulated in amend material in the publication is available as a Publication Pub. 150, World Port Index. Digital Update (PDU) from the NGA Maritime Division 0.0 Radio Navigational Aids.—Radio navigational aids are not website. described in detail. Publication No. 117 Radio Navigational Aids and NOAA Publication, Selected Worldwide Marine 0.0NGA Maritime Division Website (PDUs) Broadcasts, should be consulted. http://164.214.12.145/sdr 0.0 Soundings.—Soundings are referred to the datum of the 0.0 charts and are expressed in meters. 0.0 Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same 0.0 Special Warnings.—A Special Warning may be in force for manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a the geographic area covered by this publication. Special course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of Warnings are printed in the weekly Notice to Mariners upon origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the promulgation and are reprinted annually in Notice to Mariners designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow No. 1. A listing of Special Warnings currently in force is for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track, printed in each weekly Notice to Mariners, Section III, Broad- cast Warnings, along with the notice number of promulgation. Pub. 126 III Special Warnings are also available on the Maritime Division 0.0 French Sailing Directions. website. 0.0 Various port handbooks. 0.0 Reports from United States naval and merchant vessels and 0.0NGA Maritime Division Website (Special Warnings) various shipping companies. http://164.214.12.145/warn/warn_j_query.html 0.0 Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and docu- ments. 0.0 Wind Directions.—Wind directions are the true directions 0.0 Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other docu- from which winds blow. ments in possession of the Agency. 0.0 Internet web sites: Reference List 0.01. Port Authority of Guam 0.0 http://www.netpci.com/~pag4 0.0 The principal sources examined in the preparation of this 0.02. South Pacific Online publication were: 0.0 http://www.sponline.com 0.0 British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions. IV Pub. 126 Contents How to Keep this Book Corrected . II Preface. III Chartlet—Sector Limits . VII Conversion Tables. VIII Sailing Directions Information and Suggestion Sheet . IX Abbreviations . XI Sector 1 IlesTuamotu, Iles Marquises, Iles de la Societe, and Iles Tubuai (including off-lying islands and reefs) . 1 Sector 2 The Line Islands, the Cook Islands, the Samoa Islands, and the Tonga Islands (including off-lying islands and reefs) . 35 Sector 3 The Fiji Islands and the Lau Group (including islands and reefs North of the Fiji Islands) . 63 Sector 4 The Kiribati Islands to the Marshall Islands (including the Tokelau Islands, Tuvalu, and off-lying islands and reefs) . 93 Sector 5 New Caledonia (including off-lying islands and reefs) . 129 Sector 6 Iles Loyaute to the Santa Cruz Islands (including Vanuatu, the Banks Islands, and the Torres Islands) . 161 Sector 7 The Solomon Islands—East Part . 189 Sector 8 The Solomon Islands—Central and West Parts . 209 Sector 9 The Bismarck Archipelago . 231 Sector 10 Micronesia, Palau, and Guam . 263 Glossaries . 293 Index—Gazetteer . 305 Pub. 126 V Pub.126 0.0SECTOR LIMITS — PUB. 126 VII Conversion Tables Feet to Meters Feet0123456789 0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74 10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79 20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84 30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89 40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93 50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98 60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03 70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08 80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13 90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17 Fathoms to Meters Fathoms 0123456789 0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46 10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75 20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03 30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32 40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61 50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07
Recommended publications
  • Indigenous Encounters

    Indigenous Encounters

    From Islands to Atoll: Relating Reefs of History at Kwajalein Greg Dvorak 1. Atollism Islands of starvation, islands of abundance, islands of connectedness: the nearly one hundred flat coral islets that form Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands, the largest atoll on earth, are a gigantic ring on the water, strung together by a dynamic reef. The lagoon it encloses—indeed the entire atoll—is a microcosm of Oceania, a metaphor for the contradictory and interconnected histories of the contemporary world. I choose Kwajalein to explore the idea of “encounter” not only because it was the site of a major battle of the Pacific War and a place of unfathomable change throughout the twentieth century between Marshall Islanders, Japanese, and Americans; I focus on Kwajalein also because it was my childhood hometown, where I spent the first decade of my life. Because the main island of the atoll is leased to the US Army as a missile-testing base, my early years in American suburbia there provided my first taste of the ways in which huge nations and small localities intersect. Haunted by the ghosts of Japanese soldiers and the lullabies of our Marshallese housekeeper, I knew that this atoll had been home to many others before me, yet I felt linked to those other people through the common idea of home, and through the genealogy of the atoll itself. Coral colonizes: Polyps voyage in the ocean currents, joining with other coral communities atop subaquatic volcanoes that rise miles from the sea floor to break the surface. Their migrations are based on the flows of the sea, and their settlements are serendipitous.
  • United States Army Garrison- Kwajalein Atoll Information Handbook

    United States Army Garrison- Kwajalein Atoll Information Handbook

    United States Army Garrison- Kwajalein Atoll Information Handbook Produced by DYNCORP INTERNATIONAL LLC Last updated: 4 September 2019 U.S. ARMY GARRISON KWAJALEIN ATOLL/ REAGAN TEST SITE U.S. ARMY INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT COMMAND KWAJALEIN ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS I. INSTALLATION DATA Name of Site: The installation is currently called “United States Army Garrison - Kwajalein Atoll/ Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site” (USAG-KA/RTS) effective 01 October 2013. The installation has undergone multiple name changes since its inception: U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/ Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (USAKA/RTS) from 15 June 2001 to 01 October 2013; U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/ Kwajalein Missile Range (USAKA/KMR) from 01 March 1998 to 15 June 2001; U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) from 14 November 1986 to 30 September 1997; Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR) from 15 April 1968 to 13 November 1986; Kwajalein Test Site from 1 July 1964 to 14 April 1968. Between 1945 and 30 June 1964, while under the command of the United States Navy, the installation was referred to at various times as the Navy Operating Base Kwajalein, Naval Air Station Kwajalein, Naval Station Kwajalein and Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) Kwajalein. Site Number: NQ100 [for Military Real Property Inventory purposes, assigned by the U.S. Army Chief of Engineers per paragraph 2.2.1 (3) of AR 405-45] U.S. Mail Address: PSC 701-PO Box 26, APO AP 96555-0001 Status: USAG-KA/RTS is a Class II site (Active) of the United States Army and is designated a subordinate activity of the U.S.
  • Tide Simplified by Phil Clegg Sea Kayaking Anglesey

    Tide Simplified by Phil Clegg Sea Kayaking Anglesey

    Tide Simplified By Phil Clegg Sea Kayaking Anglesey Tide is one of those areas that the more you learn about it, the more you realise you don’t know. As sea kayakers, and not necessarily scientists, we don’t have to know every detail but a simplified understanding can help us to understand and predict what we might expect to see when we are out on the water. In this article we look at the areas of tide you need to know about without having to look it up in a book. Causes of tides To understand tide is convenient to imagine the earth with an envelope of water all around it, spinning once every 24 hours on its north-south axis with the moon on a line parallel to the equator. Moon Gravity A B Earth Ocean C The tides are primarily caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon. Simplifying a bit, at point A the gravitational pull is the strongest causing a high tide, point B experiences a medium pull towards the moon, while point C has the weakest pull causing a second high tide. Because the earth spins once every 24 hours, at any location on its surface there are two high tides and two low tides a day. There are approximately six hours between high tide and low tide. One way of predicting the approximate time of high tide is to add 50 minutes to the high tide of the previous day. The sun has a similar but weaker gravitational effect on the tides. On average this is about 40 percent of that of the moon.
  • WATER ENVIRONMENT A3d.1 INTRODUCTION

    WATER ENVIRONMENT A3d.1 INTRODUCTION

    Offshore Energy SEA APPENDIX 3d - WATER ENVIRONMENT A3d.1 INTRODUCTION A number of aspects of the water environment are reviewed below in a UK context, and for individual Regional Seas: • The major water masses and residual circulation patterns in UK seas • Density stratification (influenced principally by temperature and salinity) and frontal zones between different water masses – these represent potentially important areas for biological productivity • Tidal flows • Overall patterns of temperature and salinity • Wave climate • Ambient noise Recent assessments of changes in hydrographic conditions are summarised, based mainly on reports by DEFRA (2004a, b) and MCCIP (2007). Overall, significant anomalies and changes have been noted in sea surface temperature (SST), thermal stratification, circulation patterns, wave climate, pH and sea level – many appear to be correlated to atmospheric climate variability as described by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Larger- scale trends and process changes have also been noted in the North Atlantic (e.g. in the strength of the Gulf Stream and Atlantic Heat Conveyor (more properly characterised as the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), or the Atlantic Thermohaline circulation (THC) e.g. Trumper 2005), Northern Hemisphere (Weijerman et al. 2005) and globally (IPCC 2007a). There are varying degrees of confidence in the interpretation of observed data and prediction of future trends. Finally, the specific environmental issue of eutrophication is summarised. This is an area of concern in specific geographical areas, notably the southern North Sea and various coastal and estuarine locations. A3d.2 UK CONTEXT The history of broadscale studies of North Sea circulation and hydrographic patterns (e.g. temperature and salinity distribution) was briefly reviewed in SEA 2.
  • A1d Water Environment

    A1d Water Environment

    Offshore Energy SEA 3: Appendix 1 Environmental Baseline Appendix 1D: Water Environment A1d.1 Introduction A number of aspects of the water environment are reviewed below in a UK context, and for individual Regional Seas: • The major water masses and residual circulation patterns • Density stratification (influenced principally by temperature and salinity) and frontal zones between different water masses • Tidal flows • Tidal range • Overall patterns of temperature and salinity • Wave climate • Internal waves • Water Framework Directive ecological status of coastal and estuarine water bodies • Eutrophication • Ambient noise Recent assessments of changes in hydrographic conditions are summarised, based mainly on reports by Defra (2010a, b) and MCCIP (2013) but incorporating a range of other grey and peer reviewed literature sources. Overall, significant anomalies and changes have been noted in sea surface temperature (SST), thermal stratification, circulation patterns, wave climate, pH and sea level – many appear to be correlated to atmospheric climate variability as described by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Larger-scale trends and process changes have also been noted in the North Atlantic (e.g. in the strength of the Gulf Stream and Atlantic Heat Conveyor (more properly characterised as the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), or the Atlantic Thermohaline circulation (THC), northern hemisphere and globally. There are varying degrees of confidence in the interpretation of observed data and prediction of future trends. A1d.2 UK context There have been a number of information gathering and assessment initiatives which provide significant information on the current state of the UK and neighbouring seas, and the activities which affect them. These include both UK wide overview programmes and longer term specific monitoring and measuring studies.
  • Merging Velocity Measurements and Modeling to Improve Understanding of Tidal Stream Resource in Alderney Race

    Merging Velocity Measurements and Modeling to Improve Understanding of Tidal Stream Resource in Alderney Race

    Merging velocity measurements and modeling to improve understanding of tidal stream resource in Alderney Race. Maxime Thiébaut, Alexei Sentchev, Pascal Bailly Du Bois To cite this version: Maxime Thiébaut, Alexei Sentchev, Pascal Bailly Du Bois. Merging velocity measurements and modeling to improve understanding of tidal stream resource in Alderney Race.. Energy, Elsevier, 2019, 178, pp.460-470. 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.171. hal-02336285 HAL Id: hal-02336285 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02336285 Submitted on 28 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Merging velocity measurements and modeling to improve understanding of tidal stream resource in Alderney Race Maxime Thiébaut1,2 , Alexei Sentchev*1 and Pascal Bailly du Bois3 (1) Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France (2) France Énergies Marines, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Batîment Cap Océan, 525 Avenue de Rochon, Plouzané, France (3) IRSN/DEI/SECRE/LRC, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de l Environnement et de l Intervention, Laboratoire de Radioécologie de Cherbourg Octeville, France (*) Corresponding author: [email protected] Phone : +33 3 21 99 64 17 Fax : + 33 3 21 99 64 01 Abstract Tidal circulation and tidal stream resource in Aldemey Race (Raz Blanchard) were assessed by using a towed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) system and tidal modeling.
  • Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Waters

    Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Waters

    Assessment of Risk to Marine Mammals from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh waters Phase 2 - Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Waters On Behalf of Welsh Assembly Government Date: 28th March 2011 Our Ref: JER3688 RPS Conrad House Beaufort Square Chepstow Monmouthshire NP16 5EP Tel: (0)1291 621 821 Fax: (0)1291 627 827 Email: [email protected] This document is Printed on FSC certified, 100% post-consumer recycled paper, bleached using an elemental chlorine- free process. JER3688 Welsh Assembly Government Planning & Development th 28 March 2011 IMS J 0014v0 Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Waters Quality Management Prepared by: Jonathan Gordon (Ecologic UK Ltd.) Prepared by: Dave Thompson (SMRU) Prepared by: Russell Leaper (University of Aberdeen) Prepared by: Douglas Gillespie (SMRU) Prepared by: Chris Pierpoint (Eurydice) Prepared by: Susannah Calderan Prepared by: Jamie Macaulay (Ecologic UK Ltd.) Prepared by: Thomas Gordon (Vanishing Point) Authorised by: Nicola Simpson Date: 28th March 2011 Revision: 5 Project Number: JER3688 Document Reference: JER3688R110408JG Phase 2 - Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Energy Waters v5.doc Document File Path: O:\JER3688 - Marine renewable Strategy for Wales\STAGE 2\Project File\Task 1&2 Marine Mammals Collision Risk\JER3688R110408JG Phase 2 - Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Energy Waters v5.doc JER3688 Welsh Assembly Government Planning & Development i 28th March 2011 Studies of Marine Mammals in Welsh High Tidal Waters DISCLAIMER The
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 342 Notes on the Birds Of

    Atoll Research Bulletin No. 342 Notes on the Birds Of

    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 342 NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF KWAJALEIN ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS BY R. B. CLAPP ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. SEPTEMBER 1990 I Taongi 0 Bikar 3 iniwetok Ebon 0 I U Figure 1. Locati-on of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF KWAJALEIN ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS BY R. B. CLAPP Introduc t ion Kwajalein is a crescent-shaped atoll that lies between 09'25' and 08'40'~ and between 166°50' and 167O45'~,near the center of the western (Ralik) chain of the Marshall Islands (Figure 1). Composed of more than 90 islets, largely uninhabited, Kwajalein Atoll extends about 75 miles from southeast to northwest. It has a land area of about 6 square miles (3,854 acres) (Global Associates 1987), an increase of about 263 acres over the original area that was brought about by filling of land on Kwajalein, Roi-Namur, and Meck Islands. As of June 1987, the populatj on of the atoll was about 12,200 and composed of about 9,560 Marshallese and 2,639 non-indigenous persons affiliated with the U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) facility. The three islands of Ebeye (8,600; mostly Marshallese), Kwajalein (2,390) and Roi-Namur (249) hold over 90% of the population (Global Associates 1987). During March 1988, I made ornithological observations on ten islands (Fi-gure 2). Part of a survey requested by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the observations helped determine the terrestrial wild1ife resources of the atoll as base1 ine data for an environmental impact statement.
  • Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wave and Tidal Power Along the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern Usa

    Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wave and Tidal Power Along the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern Usa

    MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF WAVE AND TIDAL POWER ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE SOUTHEASTERN USA A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Zafer Defne In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology May 2010 MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF WAVE AND TIDAL POWER ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE SOUTHEASTERN USA Approved by: Dr. Kevin Haas, Committee Chair Dr. Emanuele Di Lorenzo School of Civil and Environmental School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Dirk Schaefer Dr. Hermann Fritz, Committee Co-Chair School of Mechanical Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Georgia Institute of Technology Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: January 5, 2010 Dr. Paul Work School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my immense gratitude to my advisors Dr. Kevin Haas and Dr. Hermann Fritz for giving me the opportunity to do this research, and for their guidance throughout the entire study. Their invaluable comments are much appreciated. I am deeply thankful to Dr. Haas for his contributions in developing the fundamentals of this study and for his patience during our long discussions. I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Paul Work, Dr. Emanuele Di Lorenzo and Dr. Dirk Schaefer for serving as the committee members. Their time, effort, and comments are greatly appreciated. A special thanks goes to Dr. John Warner for helping me with my questions on ROMS modeling and my colleague Dr.
  • Tidal Theory

    Tidal Theory

    TIDAL THEORY By Phil Clegg, Sea Kayaking Anglesey Tide is one of those areas that the more you learn about it, the more you realise you don’t know. As sea kayakers (and dinghy sailors) and not necessarily scientists, we don’t have to know every detail but a simplified understanding can help us to understand and predict what we might expect to see when we are out on the water. Causes of Tide To understand tide it is convenient to imagine the earth with an envelope of water all around it, spinning once every 24 hours on its north-south axis with the moon on a line parallel to the equator. Moon Gravity A B Earth C Ocean The tides are primarily caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon. Simplifying a bit, at point A the gravitational pull is the strongest causing a high tide, point B experiences a medium pull towards the moon, while point C has the weakest pull causing a second high tide. Because the earth spins once every 24 hours, at any location on its surface there are two high tides and two low tides a day. There are approximately six hours between high tide and low tide. One way of predicting the approximate time of high tide is to add 50 minutes to the high tide of the previous day. The sun has a similar but weaker gravitational effect on the tides. On average this is about 40 percent of that of the moon. The main importance of the sun is the effect of either reinforcing the moon’s force or reducing it depending on their positions relative to each other.
  • Colonel, GS .. Director, Kwajalein Missile Range Directorate

    Colonel, GS .. Director, Kwajalein Missile Range Directorate

    DEPAR'lMENT OF 'IHE AR..~ BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMS CXMWID P. o. OOX 1500 BtJm'SVILLE ALABllMA 35807 KWAJALEIN MISSILE RAN:;E 1 c:.croBER 1979 '1BRCU.iH 30 SEPl»mER 1980 APPROVED BY: '.' Colonel, GS .. Director, Kwajalein Missile Range Directorate i ANNUAL HIS'IORlCAL REVIEW KWAJALEIN MISSILE RA..~E OCTOBER 1979 - SEPTEMBER 1980 Page NLUT1ber Title Page i Table of contents ii List of Figures iv List of Tables v ~ I - Mission and Organization 1 Mission and Organization 1 Staffing 1 Funding 1 Range Commanders Council 2 ~ II - Range Users 11 Army Programs 11 Air Force programs 11 National Aeronautical and Space Administration 13 Defense Nuclear Agency 13 Missions 13 CHAPl'ER III - Program and Range Planning 16 ~ IV - Reentry Measurements Radars 18 KREMS Control Center 18 ARPA Lincoln C-Band Observables Radar (ALOOR) 18 ARPA Long Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar (ALTAIR) 18 Target Resolution and Discrimination Experiment (TRADEX) 19 KREMS Communication 19 CHAPl'ER V - Range Technical Facilities 20 Photo-Dptics 20 TPQ-18 Radar 20 ii TABLE OF o::Nl'ENI'S Page Number Meteorological Radar System 20 Timing Systems 20 Radio Frequency (RF) Measurements System 20 Data Handling Systens 21 Range Instrumentation Analysis 21 CHAPTER VI - Range Safety 23 strategic Systems Test Support Study 23 Range Safety Group 24 C-7A TASA 24 Sampling Program 24 KRSS Certified 24 Bullet Blitz VII 24 KRSS Upgrade 24 HOE Debris Study 25 CHAPTER VII - Major Construction Activities 26 Sewage Treatment Plant - Kwajalein Island 26 Resize and Modernize Range
  • Coastal Impressions

    Coastal Impressions

    CoastalA Photographic Journey Impressions along Alaska’s Gulf Coast i Exhibit compiled by Susan Saupe, Mandy Lindeberg, and Dr. G. Carl Schoch Photographs selected by Mandy Lindeberg and Susan Saupe Photo editing and printing by Mandy Lindeberg Photo annotations by Dr. G. Carl Schoch Booklet prepared by Susan Saupe with design services by Fathom Graphics, Anchorage Photo mounting and laminating by Digital Blueprint, Anchorage Digital Maps for Exhibit and Booklet prepared by GRS, Anchorage January 2012 Second Printing November 2012 Exhibit sponsored by Cook Inlet RCAC and developed in partnership with NMFS AFSC Auke Bay Laboratories, and Alaska ShoreZone Program. ii Acknowledgements This exhibit would not exist without the vision of Dr. John Harper of Coastal and Ocean Resources, Inc. (CORI), whose role in the development and continued refinement of ShoreZone has directly led to habitat data and imagery acquisition for every inch of coastline between Oregon and the Alaska Peninsula. Equally important, Mary Morris of Archipelago Marine Research, Inc. (ARCHI) developed the biological component to ShoreZone, participated in many of the Alaskan surveys, and leads the biological habitat mapping efforts. CORI and ARCHI have provided experienced team members for aerial survey navigation, imaging, geomorphic and biological narration, and habitat mapping, each of whom contributed significantly to the overall success of the program. We gratefully acknowledge the support of organizations working in partnership for the Alaska ShoreZone effort, including over 40 local, state, and federal agencies and organizations. A full list of partners can be seen at www.shorezone.org. Several organizations stand out as being the earliest or staunchest supporters of a comprehensive Alaskan ShoreZone program.