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Recent Advances in Rearing of the Laboratory Host-Rice Moth, Corcyra Cephalonica Stainton

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Recent Advances in Rearing of the Laboratory Host-Rice Moth, Corcyra Cephalonica Stainton Padhy et al. Ind.Available J. Pure onlineApp. Biosci. at www.ijpab.com (2020) 8(6), 501 -510 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8498 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(6), 501-510 Reciew Article Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Open Access Journal Recent Advances in Rearing of the Laboratory Host- Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton Deepayan Padhy, V. Ramlakshmi*, Lipsa Dash and Ajit Kumar Sahu Department of Entomology, M S swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 15.10.2020 | Revised: 23.11.2020 | Accepted: 29.11.2020 ABSTRACT Rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) is being utilized in various bio-control research, developmental and extension units for mass production of number of natural enemies. The rice meal moth, C. cephalonica ranks first in the mass culturing of entomophagous insects due to its amenability to mass production, adaptability to varied rearing conditions and its positive influence on the progeny of the natural enemies. Production of rice moth nutritional requirements have to be taken into account because nutritional deficiencies have been linked with such vague symptoms like poor growth rate, lowered fecundity or reduced body weight. As it is one of the most factitious hosts for Trichogramma production in several countries of the world. In this direction, various dietary formulations were developed in the present study with solo grains and their combinations and the effects of these formulations on the growth, development, reproduction of C. cephalonica evaluated in laboratory condition. Keyword: Rearing of Rice moth, Biological control, Mass multiplication of laboratory host. INTRODUCTION economic but still but its hidden hazards are The rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica) now visible. commonly called as “flour moth” or “grain Indiscriminate use of synthetic moth” belongs to family Pyralidae of Order insecticides has induced many adverse effects Lepidoptera. It is small moth used as host for such as insecticide resistance, resurgence, mass multiplication of certain bio-control flare-up, large scale outbreak of secondary agent which can also become a significant pests, destruction of natural enemies & storage grain pest. Its caterpillars feed not only beneficial insects like honeybees, on dry plant stuffs such as seeds including environmental pollution, pesticide residue in cereals (e.g. rice) but also on flour and dried crop & environment, bio accumulation & bio fruits. Though with commencement of magnification in food chain and higher cost of chemical pesticides, pest management cultivation cumulatively destroying the problems resolved easily and way more balance of ecosystem. Cite this article: Padhy, D., Ramlakshmi, V., Dash, L., & Sahu, A. K. (2020). Recent Advances in Rearing of the Laboratory Host- Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 8(6), 501-510. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8498 Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; IJPAB 501 Padhy et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(6), 501-510 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 In this respect, a stable, eco-friendly cutting out the bottom portion of the buc et alternative pest management system should be window of is cut at one end of the buc et undertaken which integrates different pest and covered by heat sealing with40 mesh steel management techniques in which biological net. A slit with a diameter as that of a test tube control plays the major role. / specimen tube is cut at the centre of the lid For effective utilization of biological and can be plugged with cotton. control, biotic agents are required to be mass Rao (1954) and Ray et al. (1990) multiplied in the laboratory followed by field reported lifespan was 48.6 and 62 days on release through augmentation followed by Sorghum alone, respectively. Kumar and conservation. Kumar (2002) reported earlier moth In 1865 Stainton has given the earliest emergence after 34 days of infesting media in reference on this rice moth and names it as all the treatments except in rice husk and rice Melissoblaptes cephalonica. Later on renamed where moths emerged on 46 and 48 days, as Corcyra cephalonica by Ragnot in 1885 respectively. (Rao, 1954). Uberoi (1961) reported that flour of The eggs of rice moth can be used as pearl millet and broken grain of wheat proved an effective food for multiplication of egg the best media for the growth of this insect. A parasitoids like Trichogramma chilonis nad predominance of female over male was larva can be used for mass multiplication of observed in the present study corroborates larval parasitoids like Bracon hebator. It is Shailaja et al. (2009). In the present study it used as insect predator foods for the predators was observed that there were significant like Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi, Mallada differences in the adult longevities of C. boninensis. Prasad et al. in 1982 and Patel et cephalonica emerged from the different al. in 2012 has indicated that its larval stages rearing media supports Allotey and Azalekor can also be used for the mass multiplication of (2000). They recorded that the adult longevity entomopathogenic nematodes. So presently ranged from 1.5±0.5 to 11.9±1.3 days for mass multiplication of this laboratory host, males and 1.5±0.5 to 16.5±1.2 days for Rice moth must be given due consideration for females in different pulses. In the present work effective augmentation of those respective bio- the longevity of adults ranged from 4.50-6.50 control agents. days for male and 3.805.50 days for female in Though the mass multiplication of C. different cereals and millet. The difference is cephalonica has already been successfully mainly due to the food used as rearing media. established still further research must be Report on female longevity of 4.78 days on undertaken and available information must be rice by Tauthong (1989) corroborates the collected and implemented to this aspects. findings of the present investigation. Sex ratio Therefore a review has been collected and (M: F) The pooled data revealed that the depicted over here to fill-up the lacunae female preponderance registered (0.97: 1) in prevailing on this aspect. T3 (sorghum + groundnut + powdered yeast) followed by 0.96: 1 in T4 (sorghum + gram + RESULT AND DISCUSSION powdered yeast) and 0.87: 1 in T6 (sorghum + A square shaped rearing box can be used made cowpea + powdered yeast) rearing media. The out of thic plywood of mm thic ness report of Sathpathy et al. (2003) corroborated enerally the boxes are made with a with the present investigation. dimension of lid is provided with Urs and Mookherjee (1966) studied a ventilator hole covered at both the sides with the development of C. cephalonica on ground a 100mesh frash net. nut rachis hypogeae, and „til‟ Sesamum An oviposition cage can be prepared indicum. The percentage development of C. by using a - liter capacity plastic buc et cephalonica on groundnut is higher (90.13%) with lid mesh steel net is heat sealed by compared to ‟til‟ ( 8 %) The number of Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; IJPAB 502 Padhy et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(6), 501-510 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 eggs laid per female on groundnut and „til‟ is (48.33 days) and maize (45.34 days) which is 255 and 159, respectively. The five hosts in in close agreement with the studies made by the order of preference for C. cephalonica Ayyar (1934) who recorded total larval period were: sorghum, maize, groundnut, rice and of 53 days on paddy, 38 days on maize, 42 wheat (Sharma et al., 1978). Ayyar (1934) days on wheat. While Tauthong (1989) reported that the larvae of C. cephalonica recorded only 42.53 days of larval-pupal developed more rapidly on maize (38 days) period in rice, which is shorter than the present than on wheat, cotton seeds and groundnut- result as well as the findings of earlier works. pods. It developed the slowest on cowpea (66 Shailaja et al. (2009) recorded the days). Studying the development of the larvae average duration of egg; larva and pupa of of C. cephalonica on different rearing media, 4.84, 33.67 and 12.34 days respectively on Cheng et al. (1978) found that the poor media proso millet. The total developmental period were husked rice (cooking rice) and wheat flo occupied, 41 to 59 days with an average of ur Russel et al. (1980) studied the development 41.95±2.68 days on foxtail millet as reported of C. cephalonica on whole sorghum and by Jagdish et al. (2009). In the present study millet. The overall performance of C. the duration was 42.17 days in Italian millet cephalonica is better on millet than on confirms the findings of earlier works. sorghum. Combination with maize based diet didn‟t Different workers have noted varying express any positive performance in respect of developmental period of Corcyra in different accelerating the growth factor of Corcyra rearing media. Ingle et al. (2000) reported the cephalonica as opined by Tirthakar et al. reduced developmental period of Corcyra on (2006) corroborate the present study. bajra + mustard (38.33 days) or with bajra + According to Allotey and Azalekor cotton (39.33 days) or bajra + groundnut (2000) the mean developmental period was (40.66 days). ranged from 33.2±0.2 to 45.3±1.8 days Allotey and Azalekor (1999) studied confirmed the findings of the present the life cycle of Corcyra cephalonica under investigation where the period ranged from ambient laboratory conditions (temperature 37.83-56.17 days in different rearing media. range 27.5±300C and 60±73% R.H.) on Tiwari and Khan (2003) reported groundnut, bambara groundnut and cowpea.
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