Stored Grain Pests
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Insect Pests of Stored Grain Blog
Insect Pests of Stored Grain Insect Pest Population Potential • Insects are 1/16 to ½ inch depending on the species. • Large numbers insects in small amounts of debris. • 500 female insects • each female produces 200 offspring • 10 million insects in two generations. Adapted from the Penn State University Agronomy Guide Store Grain Insects Economic Damage • Lose up to 10% of the grain weight in a full storage bin • grain bin containing 30,000 bushels of corn valued at $3.00 per bushel would lose $9,000 • The loss does not include dockage or the cost of eliminating the insects from the grain. Adapted from the Penn State University Agronomy Guide Sampling for Bugs Looking for Bugs Docking screens can be used to separate beetles from the grain. Primary Stored Grain Feeders in NYS Weevils • Granary Weevil • Rice Weevil • Maize Weevil Beetles • Lesser Grain Borer Moths • Angoumois grain moth Weevils Have Snouts! Snout No Snout Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org Maize Weevil Lesser Grain Borer Granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) • polished, blackish or brown. • 3/16 of an inch long • no wings • Not in the field • longitudinal punctures- thorax • 80-300 eggs laid • One egg per grain kernel • corn, oats, barley, rye, and wheat Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series , Bugwood.org Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) • 3/32 of an inch. • reddish brown to black • Small round pits-thorax • Has wings with yellow markings • Lays 80-500 eggs inside of grain • One egg per grain kernel • Start in the field • wheat, corn, oats, rye, Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org barley, sorghum, buckwheat, dried beans Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais • Very similar to rice weevil • slightly larger • 1/8 of an inch long • Small round pits on thorax with a mid line. -
Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica and Eucalyptus Globulus Against Corcyra Cephalonica
Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2019). 6(7): 119-123 International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN: 2348-8069 www.ijarbs.com DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs Coden: IJARQG(USA) Volume 6, Issue 7 -2019 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2019.06.07.015 Efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globulus against Corcyra cephalonica Harminder Singh, Anita Singh* and Jora Singh Brar Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda Punjab-151302 Email ID*: [email protected] Abstract The four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globules powdered leaves were tested against all stages of rice-moth larvae. The result revealed that maximum mortality were observed at higher concentration (2.0 g) with both botanicals in first and second instar of Corcyra cephalonica. When compared both botanicals, E. globulus shows more effectiveness as compared to Azadirachta indica on larvae of rice moth. Therefore on small scale these plant powders having the insecticidal effect could be used as good alternatives for synthetic pesticides against this pest. Keywords: Corcyra cephalonica, Eucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Mortality Introduction C. cephalonica causes serious damage to stored grain by feeding, leaving dense and tough silken threads Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: (Ayyar, 1934; Prevett, 1964). The damage also form Pyralidae) is one of the most widely distributed critical frass which make grains useless for human insect pests of the stored grains (Osmen, 1984). It is consumption (Frenemore and Prakash, 1992). To commonly known as Rice moth. -
Stored Grain Insects and Pea Weevil (Live) Insects Large – Dead Or Alive
To whom it may concern, Proposal for GTA Standards change regarding Cereal grains for categories: Stored Grain Insects and Pea Weevil (live) Insects Large – dead or alive Currently there is a lack of reference with insects of NIL tolerance applied by DA for export and that listed within GTA standards. This has the potential to cause contract disputes especially in the grower direct to port transactions. At present if a supplier delivers grain with live insects for example Small-eyed flour beetles and Black fungus beetles, there is no reference in the standards that declare such insects as NIL tolerance. If the buyer was loading a container direct for export this would pose a problem due to the NIL tolerance being applied by DA for export phytosanitary requirements. These insects are in the same category as Psocids which are listed in GTA receival standards. I would like to see the GTA "Stored Grain Insects and Pea Weevil (live)" & "Insects Large – dead or alive" reflect the Department of Agriculture PEOM 6a: Pests, Diseases and Contaminants of Grain and Plant Products (excluding horticulture) http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/aqis/exporting/plants-exports-operation-manual/vol6A.pdf I put forward the motion to have all major and minor injurious pests listed within PEOM 6a that apply to cereal grains to be of NIL tolerance within the GTA standards. 1) This would involve moving the Hairy Fungus Beetle Typhaea stercorea from “Insects Large – dead or alive” to the list of “Stored Grain Insects and Pea Weevil (live)”. Thus taking it from a tolerance level of 3 per half litre to NIL. -
Effect of Various Cereals on the Development of Corcyra Cephalonica (Stainton ) and Its Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma Chilonis (Ishii) M
ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online) Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 183-194, March 2016 EFFECT OF VARIOUS CEREALS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORCYRA CEPHALONICA (STAINTON ) AND ITS EGG PARASITOID TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS (ISHII) M. NASRIN1, M. Z. ALAM2, S. N. ALAM3 M. R. U. MIAH4 AND M. M. HOSSAIN5 Abstract Eight types of cereals viz., wheat grain, chopped wheat, paddy grain, rice grain, maize grain, chopped maize, rice bran, mixture of rice bran and chopped rice were fed to observe the development parameters like egg, larva, pupa and adult stages of Corcyra cephalonica (stainton) for three consecutive generations. The parasitism efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) was also evaluated on the resultant host eggs of C. cephalonica. The C. cephalonica revealed the highest number of eggs (115.6 female1), higher hatchability (92.9%), extented larval duration (45.9 days), increased larval weight (0.058 gm), survival rate (88.3%), adult emergence rate (93.5%), and male and female longevity (7.7, 7.2 days respectively) when they were reared on chopped wheat. On the other hand, the lowest number of egg was found on paddy husk (29.2 female-1). The lowest hatchability (45.6%), larval duration (45.9 days), larval weight (0.029gm), and survival rate (38.2%), pupal duration (17.9 days) adult emergence (42.0%), male and female longevity (4.8 and 4.7 days respectively) were found on paddy husk. The effect of food materials also reflected on the parasitism efficiency of the egg parasitoid T. chilonis. The highest percent egg parasitization was done by the T. -
AKPAH EDUKU.Pdf
KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE LABORATORY STUDIES TO DEVELOP CASSAVA BAIT TO CONTROL INSECT INFESTATION OF COCOA BEANS USING COFFEE BEAN WEEVIL, ARAECERUS FASCICULATUS (DE GEER) (COLEOPTERA; ANTHRIBIDAE), AS MODEL SPECIES. BY AKPAH EDUKU JUNE, 2014 i LABORATORY STUDIES TO DEVELOP CASSAVA BAIT TO CONTROL INSECT INFESTATION OF COCOA BEANS USING COFFEE BEAN WEEVIL, ARAECERUS FASCICULATUS (DE GEER) (COLEOPTERA; ANTHRIBIDAE), AS MODEL SPECIES. BY AKPAH EDUKU THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (M. PHIL.) POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY JUNE, 2014 ii DECLARATION I, Akpah Eduku, hereby declare that, except for specific references, which have been duly acknowledged, this project is the result of my own research and it has not been submitted either in part or in whole for any other degree elsewhere. AKPAH EDUKU ……………………….. …………………… Student No. PG418610 Signature Date Dr. B. K. MAALEKUU ……………………….. …………………….. (Main Supervisor) Signature Date Ms. P. D. KALEDZI ….…………………… …………………….. (Co – Supervisor) Signature Date Dr. BEN KWAKU BANFUL ……………………….. …………………….. (Head of Department) Signature Date i DEDICATION After rains comes sunshine, After darkness comes the glorious dawn. There is no joy without its admixture of misfortune, There is no misfortune without its alloy of joy. Behind the ugly terrible mask, Lies the beautiful countenance of prosperity. So, tear the mask. Awolowo (Nigerian) To God be the glory for the great things he has done. This work is dedicated to Him, The Almighty God, and then to my only daughter, Lucina Akpah. -
Effect of Plant Oils on the Infestation of Rhyzopertha Dominica (Fab.) in Wheat, Triticum Aestivum Linn
JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 53, No. 3 (2013) DOI: 10.2478/jppr-2013-0045 EFFECT OF PLANT OILS ON THE INFESTATION OF RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA (FAB.) IN WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM LINN. Kailash Chand Kumawat*, Bhanwar Lal Naga Department of Entomology, Shri Karan Narendra College of Agriculture (SKRAU), Jobner (Rajasthan)-303329, India Received: April 20, 2012 Accepted: August 8, 2013 Abstract: Six oil treatments, viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Castor (Ricinus communis), Karanj (Pongamia pinnata), mustard (Brassica juncea), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus melanophloia) and Taramira (Eruca sativa) were evaluated at three dose levels (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% v/w) against the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) infesting wheat, Triticum aestivum Linn. An untreated check (the control) was maintained for comparison. The maximum protection was provided by Neem oil at 1.0 per cent (no adult emerged up to 270 days) followed by castor oil and Taramira oil at 1.0 per cent (no adult emerged up to 90 days of treatment). The maximum number of adults were recorded in the grain treated with Eucalyptus oil used at 0.1 per cent (9.3–22.0), Karanj oil at 0.1 per cent (6.0–20.7), and castor oil at 0.1 per cent (2.0–23.0). The maximum grain damage was recorded with use of Eucalyptus oil at 0.1 per cent (28.7–64.7), Karanj oil at 0.1 per cent (18.7–60.0%), and Eucalyptus at 0.5 per cent (18.0–58.0%). No grain damage was recorded in 1.0 per cent Neem oil-treated grain, for up to 270 days. -
Rhyzopertha Dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Infestation on Seeds of Sorghum Drummondii (Poaceae) in Packages Sold in Retail Stores
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65(2):e20200129, 2021 Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) infestation on seeds of Sorghum drummondii (Poaceae) in packages sold in retail stores David Lopes Teixeira1* , Pedro Guilherme Lemes1, Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz2, Germano Leão Demolin Leite1 , José Cola Zanuncio3 1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada à Área Florestal, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fenotipagem de Plantas, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Insect damage to stored seeds is a challenge. Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a Received 28 December 2020 major pest of seeds and grains in the world, but without record in seeds of the sudangrass (Sorghum drummondii Accepted 27 April 2021 (Poaceae)). The objective of this work was to report, for the first time, the occurrence and damage by R. dominica Available online 21 May 2021 in S. drummondii seeds, sold in sealed packages in retail market. Four samples with 500 seeds each and without Associate Editor: Regiane Cristina Bueno adult insects were separated from a package. The initial weight was obtained with a precision scale and the seeds were stored. The number of adult insects, the weight loss and the infestation rate of the seeds were evaluated 60 days later and the average between samples used to extrapolate the damage per package. An adult of R. dominica, Keywords: on average, was obtained for each seven seeds and 54.06% of the seeds were damaged, with an average weight Annual pasture loss of 36.09%. -
The Infestation Rate and Abundance of Insect Pests on Stored Corn in Different Climatic Zones of Turkey
Türk. entomol. bült., 2016, 6(4): 349-356 ISSN 2146-975X DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.13658 E-ISSN 2536-4928 Original article (Orijinal araştırma) The infestation rate and abundance of insect pests on stored corn in different climatic zones of Turkey Türkiye’nin farklı coğrafi bölgelerinde depolanmış mısırlar üzerinde rastlanan böcek türlerinin bulaşma oranları ve yoğunlukları Ali Arda IŞIKBER1* Hasan TUNAZ1 İnanç DOĞANAY1 Mehmet Kubilay ER1 Summary The occurrence and abundance of insect pests infesting stored-corn in three climatic zones of Turkey (southern (Adana, Mersin and Kahramanmaraş provinces), south-eastern (Şanlıurfa province) and central (Konya province) regions) were studied by taking corn samples from different corn storages in each region every each month from June up to and including November. Seven species, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Tribolium confusum Jaquelin du Val., Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), and Latheticus oryzae (Waterhouse) belonging to 5 families of Coleoptera were found. The infestation rate of insect species varied with the climatic zones of Turkey. S. oryzae indicated the highest infestation rate (80%) in the central region, followed by T. castaneum (40%) and C. ferrugineus (20%). T. castaneum and C. ferrugineus had the highest infestation rate (28.5%) in the south-eastern region while both T. castaneum and S. oryzae (40%) had the highest infestation rate in the southern region. In southern region, the total number of insects per 1 kg corn grain was 33.8 during sampling dates while it was 2.8 and 11.7 insects per 1 kg corn in central and south-eastern region respectively. -
THE FLOUR BEETLES of the GENUS TRIBOLIUM by NEWELL E
.-;. , I~ 1I111~1a!;! ,I~, ,MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST ;CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART "NATlqNALBl!REAU PF.STANDARDS-1963-A 'NATIDNALBUREAU .OF STANDARD.S-.l963-A ':s, .' ...... ~~,~~ Technical BuIIetilL No. 498 '~: March: 1936 UNITED STATES DEPARThIENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D. C; THE FLOUR BEETLES OF THE GENUS TRIBOLIUM By NEWELL E. GOOD AssiStant ent()mo{:ofli~t, DiV;-8;.on of Cereal (lnd' Forage 11I_~eot In,l7estigatlo1ts; Bureau: 01 EntomolO!l1f and- Plu.nt Qua.ra-11ti;ne 1 CONTENTS Page lntrodu<:tfol1--___________ 1 .Li.f-e Jjjstory of TribfJli:/I.lIIi c(l-,tanellm SYll()nsm.!es and teennrcu.! descrtptkln;t !lnd T. c'mfu<.tlln'-_____________ 2.1 The egg______________________ 23 ofcles' the of Tribolitlmeconomjeal1y___________ important ~pe-_ The- lu.rviL____________-'__ 25 The- jl:enllB T,:ibolill.ln :lfucLclIY___ Thepnpa____________________ !~4 Key to; the .apede..; of TY~1Jfllif"'''-_ The ailult__________________ 36 Synonymies and: descrlpfions___ Interrelation witll. ot.he~ ullimals___ 44 History and economIc impormncll' ·of ).!edicuJ I:npona1H!e__________• 44 the genu!! TrilloLium________ 12 :Enem!"s. of Tri.ool'i:u:m. ~t:!"",-___ 44. Common: nll:mes________ 12 7'ri1Jolitlnt as a predil.tor____46 PlllceDfstrrhutlOll' pf !,rlgino ________________ of the genu$____-__ 1,1,13 ControlmetlllDrP$_____________ 47 Control in .flOur milL~__________ 47 Historical notes'-..._______ J .. Contrut of donr beetles fn hou!!<',;_ 49 l!D.teriala Wel!ted_________ 20 Summaxy__________________ .49 :Llterat'lre ctted__-_____________ 51 INTRODUCTION Flour and other prepared products frequently become inlested with sma.ll. reddish-brown beetles known as flour beetles. The...o:e beetles~ although very similar in size and a.ppearance, belong to the different though related genera T?ibolium. -
Novel Bacteriocyte-Associated Pleomorphic Symbiont of the Grain
Okude et al. Zoological Letters (2017) 3:13 DOI 10.1186/s40851-017-0073-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Novel bacteriocyte-associated pleomorphic symbiont of the grain pest beetle Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Genta Okude1,2*, Ryuichi Koga1, Toshinari Hayashi1,2, Yudai Nishide1,3, Xian-Ying Meng1, Naruo Nikoh4, Akihiro Miyanoshita5 and Takema Fukatsu1,2,6* Abstract Background: The lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a stored-product pest beetle. Early histological studies dating back to 1930s have reported that R. dominica and other bostrichid species possess a pair of oval symbiotic organs, called the bacteriomes, in which the cytoplasm is densely populated by pleomorphic symbiotic bacteria of peculiar rosette-like shape. However, the microbiological nature of the symbiont has remained elusive. Results: Here we investigated the bacterial symbiont of R. dominica using modern molecular, histological, and microscopic techniques. Whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization specifically targeting symbiotic bacteria consistently detected paired bacteriomes, in which the cytoplasm was full of pleomorphic bacterial cells, in the abdomen of adults, pupae and larvae, confirming previous histological descriptions. Molecular phylogenetic analysis identified the symbiont as a member of the Bacteroidetes, in which the symbiont constituted a distinct bacterial lineage allied to a variety of insect-associated endosymbiont clades, including Uzinura of diaspidid scales, Walczuchella of giant scales, Brownia of root mealybugs, Sulcia of diverse hemipterans, and Blattabacterium of roaches. The symbiont gene exhibited markedly AT-biased nucleotide composition and significantly accelerated molecular evolution, suggesting degenerative evolution of the symbiont genome. The symbiotic bacteria were detected in oocytes and embryos, confirming continuous host–symbiont association and vertical symbiont transmission in the host life cycle. -
STORGARD Insect Identification Poster
® IPM PARTNER® INSECT IDENTIFICATION GUIDE ® Name Photo Size Color Typical Favorite Attracted Geographic Penetrate Product Recommendation (mm) Life Cycle Food to Light Distribution Packages MOTHS Almond Moth 14-20 Gray 25-30 Dried fruit Yes General Yes, Cadra cautella days and grain larvae only STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ (Mating Disruptant) Angoumois 28-35 Yes, Grain Moth 13-17 Buff days Whole grain Yes General larvae only Sitotroga cerealella STORGARD® II STORGARD® III Casemaking 30-60 Wool, natural Yes, Clothes Moth 11 Brownish days fibers and hair Yes General larvae only Tinea pellionella STORGARD® II STORGARD® III European Grain Moth 13-17 White & 90-300 Grain Yes Northern Yes, Nemapogon granellus brown days larvae only STORGARD® II STORGARD® III Copper Indianmeal Moth Broken or 8-10 red & silver 28-35 processed Yes General Yes, Plodia interpunctella days larvae only gray grain STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ (Mating Disruptant) Mediterranean Gray & Flour and Flour Moth 10-15 30-180 processed Yes General Yes, black days larvae only Ephestia kuehniella cereal grain STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ (Mating Disruptant) Raisin Moth Drying and 12-20 Gray 32 days Yes General Yes, dried fruit larvae only Cadra figulilella STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ -
Micro-CT to Document the Coffee Bean Weevil, Araecerus Fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Inside Field-Collected Coffee Berries (Coffea Canephora)
insects Communication Micro-CT to Document the Coffee Bean Weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Inside Field-Collected Coffee Berries (Coffea canephora) Ignacio Alba-Alejandre 1 ID , Javier Alba-Tercedor 1 ID and Fernando E. Vega 2,* ID 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (I.A.-A.); [email protected] (J.A.-T.) 2 Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-301-504-5101 Received: 22 June 2018; Accepted: 10 August 2018; Published: 14 August 2018 Abstract: The coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), is a cosmopolitan insect with >100 hosts, and has been reported as a pest of stored coffee. During a study involving the coffee berry borer, we observed coffee bean weevils emerging from field-collected coffee berries and used micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) scans to observe the insect inside the berry. Two eggs had eclosed inside the berry, resulting in observations of a newly eclosed adult beetle and a 5th instar larva, each feeding on one of the two seeds. This is the first time since 1775, when the insect was first described, that the insect has been observed inside a coffee berry. Keywords: coffee quality; insect biology; losses; stored coffee; stored product pest 1. Introduction The genus Araecerus Schönherr comprises ca. 75 species [1], with the coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), being the most economically important. Chittenden [2,3] coined the name coffee bean weevil and Valentine [1] has published a succinct account on the controversy involving the many different scientific names used for the insect.