Evaluation of Life-Cycle of Rice Meal Moth, Corcyra Cephalonica Stainton Larvae Reared on Different Diets

International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(3): 4279-4282 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(3): 4279-4282 Evaluation of life-cycle of rice meal moth, Corcyra © 2019 IJCS Received: 16-03-2019 cephalonica stainton larvae reared on different Accepted: 18-04-2019 diets Saurabh Padamshali Department of Entomology College of Agriculture Raipur, Saurabh Padamshali and JL Ganguli Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Abstract Chhattisgarh, India Rice meal moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most used JL Ganguli factitious hosts in laboratory for bio-control research and the host rearing diet is of potential importance Department of Entomology to maintain the nutritional quality. The present study was carried out at the Bio-control laboratory, College of Agriculture Raipur, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), with an aim to assess the Indira Gandhi Krishi influence of various diets on the life-cycle of C. cephalonica. Twelve different cereal grain diets were Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, prepared including solo and in combination along with and without groundnut fortification. It was found Chhattisgarh, India that T1-rice resulted in longer period of developmental in all the stages for both male (67.33 days) and female (70.00 days) whereas T10- Jowar + groundnut resulted in shortest developmental period of 45.67 and 48.67 days for adult male and female respectively with females having longer developmental period in comparison to the males. Keywords: Corcyra cephalonica, diets, developmental period Introduction Rice meal moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most used factitious hosts and is being utilized in various bio-control research, developmental and extension units for mass production of number of natural enemies in several countries of the [4] world (Jalali and Singh, 1992) . The adult moth is nocturnal, grey in colour and does not feed. Each mated female lays about 100-200 eggs near food source. Eggs hatch after an incubation period of about 5 days. The larva however, constructs a feeding tube gallery, consisting of silken web and food particles, to stay, feed and grow inside it. After larval period of 23-25 days fully-grown larvae form dense white cocoons to pupate. Pupae are usually found in food or they may be found between pellets and sacks. Adults emerge from pupae after pupal [2] period of 4-8 days and lives for about a week (Fenemone and Prakash, 2009) . C. cephalonica is industrialized for many of the natural enemies mass bred in the laboratory for use in field against crop pests, which are dependent on either egg or larval stages of C. cephalonica as it is easier and cheaper to produce natural enemies on different stages of C. cephalonica than on their original hosts. It ranks first in the mass culturing of entomophagous insects due to its amenability for mass production, adaptability to varied rearing conditions and its positive influence on the progeny of natural enemies (Kumar and Murthy, 2000) [5]. It also has been proved to be one of the most efficient surrogate hosts for rearing a wide range of biological control agents such as: egg parasitoids-Trichogramma spp.,-Chelonus sp., larval parasitoids-Bracon sp.; Goniozus sp.; Apaneteles sp., insect predators-Chrysoperla sp.; Mallanda boniensis; Cyrtorhynus sp.; Neoplectana sp. and reduviid bugs like Rhynocoris sp. and Sycanus sp. Highly nutritious diet may support development of nutritional quality host that finally result in production of high quality predator (Shahayaraj and Sathiamoorthi, 2002) [7]. Thus, for the mass production of rice moth nutritional requirements have to be taken into account as Correspondence nutritional deficiencies have been linked with vague symptoms like poor growth rate, lowered Saurabh Padamshali fecundity or reduced body weight (Cohen, 2004) [1]. The host rearing diet is potentially of Department of Entomology importance to the nutritional quality of host eggs and the survival of parasitoids released into College of Agriculture Raipur, the environment as biological control agent (Hunter, 2003) [3]. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India ~ 4279 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies Materials and Methods iii. Pupal period For the experimental purpose the cereals viz., rice (Oryza Pupal period was recorded by calculating the number of days sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), Jowar/ between the date of formation of pupa and adult emergence. sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and bajra/ pearl-millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were procured from the market. iv. Developmental Period or Total Life cycle Twelve treatments of host diets were prepared each as The period from eggs to adult emergence was considered as mentioned in the Table 1 and all the experiments are set in developmental period. Developmental period was calculated Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated thrice by summation of incubation period, larval period, pupal under laboratory controlled conditions at 27±2 °C temperature period and adult longevity i.e., periods from egg to adult and 70±10% relative humidity. stage. Table 1: Details of host diets Result and Discussion Treatment Host diet In order to evaluate the effect of different diets on the life- cycle and developmental period of different stages of C. T1 Rice T2 Wheat cephalonica, the grain diets were charged with freshly laid T3 Maize eggs and representative samples were kept separately for each T4 Jowar treatment, replicated thrice. Observations were recorded T5 Bajra regularly for incubation period, total larval period, pupal T6 Mix (Rice + Maize + Bajra) period and adult longevity. The data recorded was analyzed T7 Rice + Groundnut using suitable statistical method. T8 Wheat + Groundnut Results obtained (Table 2) shows that, significant maximum T9 Maize + Groundnut incubation period was found in T1-rice (9.67 days) and T10 Jowar + Groundnut minimum in T10- jowar + groundnut (5.00 days). Larval T11 Bajra+ Groundnut period was found to be significantly longest in those reared on T12 Mix (Rice + Maize + Bajra) + Groundnut T1-rice (38.33 days), whereas shortest larval period was recorded in T10- jowar + groundnut (27.67 days). Similarly, The grains procured from the market were sieved to remove pupal duration was recorded to be maximum in T1-rice (12.67 the impurities and sterilized in hot air oven for 1hr at 100 ºC. days) and minimum in T10- jowar + groundnut (7.67 days) After cooling the grains were ground coarsely using a mixer (Table 2 and Fig.1). Adult longevity varied significantly grinder. 1.5kg of grain was weighed using mechanical balance between different treatments in males and females. In adult and kept in each plastic basin of 30cm diameter and 10cm males maximum longevity was seen in those emerged from height dimension. 5ml of 10% honey solution along with 5g T1-rice (6.67 days) and shortest in T10- jowar + groundnut and of yeast and a pinch of Streptomycin was mixed in each T7- rice + groundnut (3.67 days), whereas for adult females it container. 100gm powdered groundnut was added in each was observed to be maximum in T1-rice (9.33 days) as in basin for groundnut fortified diets. Finally the containers were adult males, but minimum in T8- wheat + groundnut and T11- charged with 0.25cc (about 5000) freshly laid viable eggs of bajra + groundnut (6.00 days) (Fig. 2). Significant variation C. cephalonica and the containers were covered with fine was also found in total developmental period of C. muslin cloth and secured tightly with help of plastic cords. cephalonica larvae when reared on different diets. Overall total developmental period was found to be longest in T1-rice Observations Recorded: Observations were recorded after for both male (67.33 days) and female (70.00 days) whereas two days onwards to note the hatching of the eggs. shortest was observed to be 45.67 and 48.67 days for adult male and female respectively in T10- jowar + groundnut (Fig. i. Incubation period 3). Eggs were observed under microscope for hatching. Chaudhuri et al. (2015) [6] also reported longest Incubation period was calculated from the date of egg-laying developmental period in scented rice (64.71 days). Sowjanya to the date of hatching. et al., (2018) [8] while studying the developmental biology of C. cephalonica recorded male and female larval ii. Larval period developmental period, larval instars, pupal and total Larval period was calculated by doing summation of the developmental durations and found that male larvae took an number of days from date of egg hatching till date of pupation average of 31.3±1.8 days and female larvae completed including the time required by larvae to undergo different development in 32.5±3 days, whereas male completed pupal instars. The instar wise confirmation was done by looking at period in an average of 9.3±1.1 days and female pupae took the head capsule shed by larvae during moulting. an average of 11.3±0.94 days to complete its development. Table 2: Developmental period of different stages of C. cephalonica reared on different diets Adult longevity Total developmental Treatment Incubation period Larval period Pupal period (in days) period (in days) (in days) (in days) (in days) No. Name Male Female Male Female T1 Rice 9.67 38.33 12.67 6.67 9.33 67.33 70.00 T2 Wheat 8.33 37.00 10.00 5.00 7.67 60.33 63.00 T3 Maize 6.33 33.33 10.33 5.67 8.33 55.67 58.33 T4 Jowar 5.67 34.33 10.67 5.67 9.00 56.33 59.67 T5 Bajra 7.33 29.00 10.00 5.00 7.33 51.33 53.67 T6 Mix (Rice + Maize + Bajra) 6.00 30.00 11.33 5.67 8.00 53.00 55.33 T7 Rice + Groundnut 6.00 30.67 11.33 3.67 6.67 51.67 54.67 ~ 4280 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies T8 Wheat + Groundnut 6.33 31.00 9.00 4.00 6.00 50.33 52.33 T9 Maize + Groundnut 6.00 29.33 10.00 5.00 6.67 50.33 52.00 T10 Jowar + Groundnut 5.00 27.67 7.67 3.67 7.00 45.67 48.67 T11 Bajra+ Groundnut 6.00 29.33 9.00 4.00 6.00 46.67 49.00 Mix (Rice + Maize + Bajra) T12 6.00 30.00 10.00 5.00 7.00 51.00 53.00 + Groundnut SE(m) 0.41 0.67 0.47 0.47 0.44 1.41 1.159 C.D.

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