SERINADE 1

GETTING STARTED

This section covers the following topics: To the installation program: • Description 1. Insert the distribution disk into drive A: and from the DOS prompt, Type: • System Requirements • Installing SERINADE On Your Hard Drive A: INSTALL • Running SERINADE As a MONARCH Enhancement Refer to the README file on the distribution disk for any The INSTALL program will then prompt the user for the documentation updates. name of the SERINADE system directory and for the printer configuration. Files will then be copied onto your hard drive DESCRIPTION from the distribution disk. SERINADE is being furnished as a stand alone development If the installation fails, the message, “Cannot create speci- package for the Harris HSP43124 Serial I/O Filter. Alterna- fied directory. Please try again. System error: Permission tively, SERINADE can also be installed as an enhancement denied.” will appear on the screen. This usually indicates to The Athena Group, Inc. Monarch Version 2.0 or above that: the directory already exists; there is not enough disk Professional DSP software package. Monarch is a powerful space to load the files; the user has entered a path for which filter design, signal synthesis and analysis package. To pur- he or she does not have write permission. If this error mes- chase Monarch contact: sage appears, make sure that disk space/permission exists, then either use a different path name or delete the directory, The Athena Group, Inc. and try again. 3424 N.W. 31st Street Gainesville, FL 32605 PRINTER CONFIGURATION (904) 371-2567 The printer configuration consists of the printer ID number, SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS the printer port and the printer I/O method. By setting these values, the user can select the of printer, the printer To install and run SERINADE, you must have the following: port, and whether the printer is to be physically connected to • An IBM PC/XT/, PS/2, or 100% compatible with a mini- the PC printer port or if the connection is to be made through mum of 640k of random-access memory (RAM) (SERI- a network. The printer type is selected through the printer ID NADE does not utilize extended memory). number. A list of supported printers and their ID numbers is given in the Printer Definition Table in Appendix A. The • At least 400kB of free disk space on your hard disk. printer port is either LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, COM1, COM2 or a • One of the following video adapters: CGA, MCGA, EGA, DOS file. Printer I/O is either through hardware, BIOS, or VGA, IBM 8514, Hercules, AT&T 400, or 3270 PC. through an I/O stream. If the printer is to be physically con- • DOS Version 3.0 or higher. nected to the PC, then option 1 (hardware) should be • For 286 and 386 PCs, a Math Coprocessor is strongly rec- selected; If the PC and printer are connected together ommended for greatly enhanced performance. through a network, then 3 (stream I/O) should be selected. Option 2 goes through the BIOS printer driver. BIOS can be used for either directly connected printers or network - INSTALLING SERINADE ON YOUR HARD DRIVE ers. However, due to subtle variations in BIOS across the The distribution diskette contains a program called INSTALL various brands of PCs, it is NOT the recommended selec- which you use to install the SERINADE system and tutorial tion. The default method is 1 (Hardware). files on your hard disk. NOTE: The steps in this section All printer configuration information may be changed at any assume you are installing SERINADE from a diskette in without re-installing SERINADE by editing the SERI- drive A: onto a hard drive C:. If you are using a different con- NADE configuration file, SER.CFG, which is an ASCII text figuration, substitute the letter of the drive where the diskette file. See Appendix C for a complete description of this file is located for drive A:. Substitute the letter for the hard drive and modifiable printer characteristics. for drive C:.

1-1 SERINADE

CONFIGURING YOUR SYSTEM USING SERINADE To enable your computer to run SERINADE, you must To begin using \SERINADE, at the DOS prompt type: modify your CONFIG.SYS and your AUTOEXEC.BAT files. SERINADE Typically, these files are located in the root directory of the disk drive you use to start your computer. Use an ASCII text all input and output files will use the current directory as their editor to edit these files. The EDLIN line editor or the EDIT base path. To access files in other directories, use the stan- are available with most versions of DOS (consult dard DOS path nomenclature in specifying the file name. your DOS Reference Manual). If you prefer, use an ASCIl text editor. RUNNING SERINADE AS A MONARCH ENHANCEMENT CONFIG.SYS Assuming that SERINADE and MONARCH are both The CONFlG.SYS file must contain the following two lines: installed and added to the system PATH environment vari- able, at the DOS prompt type: files=20 buffers=40 MONARCH If these lines are not in your CONFIG.SYS file, add these which accesses the MONARCH subdirectory, executes the lines to the file. If you do not have a CONFIG.SYS file, one MONARCH.BAT file, and produces the MONARCH ani- must be created. mated logo. Press any key to enter the MONARCH Main Screen containing the Copyright Notice. Press to continue. AUTOEXEC.BAT Add the SERINADE program to the MONARCH menu - To start SERINADE, DOS must be able to find the SERI- tem. Highlight CONFIG and press . Highlight NADE System files. To ensure that DOS can always find MENUS and press . Toggle the MENU cell to these files, modify your search path to include the location of ENHANCEMENTS (to toggle repeatedly press the the SERINADE System directory. key). Add the text shown in the table below to the For example, if you installed SERINADE Systems files on ENHANCEMENT MENU CONFIGURATION: drive C in a subdirectory called \SERINADE, add the follow- ing line to the end of the existing PATH command in your MENU CLEAR AUTOEXEC.BAT file: OPTION COMMAND SCREEN

;C:\SERINADE SERINADE SERINADE.EXE NO If your AUTOEXEC.BAT file does not contain a PATH com- mand, add the following command to the file: Note that the installation and configuration of SERINADE is PATH=C:\SERINADE as described above, whether or not it is run as a Monarch enhancement.

1-2 SERINADE 2

SERINADE TUTORIAL

The SERINADE tutorial assumes that SERINADE has been be toggled via the key through the available successfully installed and configured (see Installation). options. In fields that select one of several options, the new value is implemented immediately, whereas fields that This tutorial is designed to acquaint you with the SERINADE require data or file names must be exited via the , software package. The SERINADE software designs a or arrow keys before the new value is saved and uti- HSP43124 Serial I/O Filter configuration including filter coef- lized to alter the configuration. ficients from a set of user specifications. Press the key to access context-sensitive on-line WORKING IN SERINADE help files. When the filter specification is complete and Movement within SERINADE follows standardized proce- SERINADE has computed a valid filter configuration, the dures. The table below lists the available editing options. key may be pressed to design the programmable FIR filter coefficients; save report, frequency, and coefficient files; and display the FIR and system frequency responses KEY DESCRIPTION graphically. Right/Left Arrow the Cursor Right and Left To begin the tutorial, go to the SERINADE directory (C:\SERINADE) and type: Up/Down Arrow Move the Cursor Up and Down SERINADE Puts Cursor at Start of Field Lesson 1: Decimating Filter Design Using SERINADE Puts Cursor at End of Field The HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen Deletes Character at Cursor accepts the following user-supplied design specifications:

Deletes Character Left of Cursor 1. Input Sample Rate 2. Decimation Factor y Deletes Entire Field, Positions Cursor at 3. Passband Beginning of Field 4. Transition Band Moves Cursor from Column to Column 5. Passband Attenuation Moves Cursor From Row to Row 6. Stopband Attenuation (or FIR Order) 7. Input Bits Changes Value of a Toggle Field 8. Output Bits Toggle Edit Mode Between Insert and 9. FCLK Rate Overwrite When in Insert Mode, the Cursor is Displayed 10. FIR Type as an Underline Character, While in Overwrite 11. User Options Mode it is Displayed as a Block Character. When the program starts, the cursor is in the Filter File field. Clear the field by pressing y, then type: To select a menu option, use the arrow, or keys to position the cursor in a selected field. If desired, SER1.SER clear the field by typing y. Text may then be inserted or The HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION overwritten (use key to toggle edit mode). Fields screen shown in Figure 1 appears. that do not require numerical data or file name entries may

2-1 SERINADE

The data specifies a filter with the following attributes: When satisfied with the specification, Press to start the LESSON 1: FILTER ATTRIBUTES design. The screen displays the design status and, when complete, displays the Frequency response screen shown in SPECIFICATION VALUE UNIT Figure 2.

Input Sample Rate: 60.0 kHz The two plots represent: 1. FIR Frequency Response: Shows equi-ripple passband and Decimation Factor: 24 stopband behavior over the frequency range 0.0 to FSAM- Passband: 500.0 Hz PLE/(2*DECHB) Hz (the Nyquist frequency of the FIR input). The curve entering the graph on the right side represents Transition Band: 250.0 Hz the aliasing due to the halfband filter stages. The additional line at FOUT/2 indicates the FIR folding frequency. Passband Atten: 1.01 dB 2. System Frequency Response: Shows the end-to-end fre- Stopband Atten: 100.0 dB quency response of the designed filter and verifies the 100 dB attenuation in the stopband out to FOUT/2Hz (the The I/O specifications are: Nyquist frequency of system output). The dashed line in- dicates the desired frequency response that was entered Input Bits: 24 in the SPECIFICATION screen. Output Bits: 32 Press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen. FCLK 5.0 MHz User Options The FIR Type is selected to be: In the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION FIR Type: LOWPASS screen, position the cursor on the “Generate Report” field; using the bar, toggle “Generate Report” to YES. In The user options are selected a similar manner, set “Display Response” to LINEAR, “Save to be: Freq Responses” to YES, and “Save FIR Response” to YES. Design Mode: AUTO Press to design the filter. Following computations, the screen shown in Figure 3 appears.The interpretation of the Generate Report: NO data is the same as presented above, except the responses are displayed on a linear scale, rather than log. Display Response: LOG In the linear scale it is readily apparent that the FIR response Save Frequency Responses: NO is equi-ripple with a maximum gain of unity. Also note, in the system frequency response, the equi-ripple profile falls off Save FIR Response: NO near the end of the passband limit (i.e., 500.0Hz). This effect FIR Order: 119 is caused by cascading the FIR and Halfband sections. Press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER A valid solution was found for SPECIFICATION screen. the given specifications and is reported to be: Press to the program. Answer NO to the “SAVE FILE?” prompt before exiting SERINADE. (This will ignore all Output Data Rate: 2.5 kHz changes to SER1.SER.) Use a text editor or the DOS type Max FCLKS/CLKOUT: 32 command to view the data and report files generated by SERINADE. The report file SER1.RPT contains the user Min SCLK: 1.44 MHz defined filter specifications as well as the hexadecimal val- ues needed to load the HSP43124 Serial I/O Filter's control Min FCLK: 840.0 kHz registers. The frequency files, SER1H.FRQ, SER1F.FRQ, and SER1S.FRQ contain the magnitudes of the frequency HB Decimation: 8 responses of the halfband filters, the FIR filter and the end- FIR Decimation: 3 to-end frequency response in log units. The SER1.IMP file contains the FIR impulse response data. HB Order: 3

2-2 SERINADE

FIGURE 1. SERINADE INPUT SCREEN

2-3 SERINADE

Lesson 2: FIR Only Design complete, displays the frequency response screen shown in Figure 4. Note that the FIR section alone meets the current The Halfband filter section may be bypassed to create a design specifications. The top plot shows no halfband alias- SERIAL I/O filter as an FIR section only. For filters using no ing, since the half bands are bypassed. Also note that the decimation, this is accomplished by setting the Decimation FIR and system plots are identical due to the Decimation Factor to 1. (For a decimating filter using only the FIR, enter Factor of 1 through the FIR filter. Press to return to MANUAL Design Mode and enter a 0 for the HB Order - see the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION Lesson 3). After restarting the program, change the Filter screen. File to SER2 and press . Lesson 3: Manual Design The data specifies a filter with the following attributes: LESSON 2: FILTER ATTRIBUTES In the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen, change the Decimation Factor to 4 and toggle the SPECIFICATIONS VALUE UNIT Design Mode to MANUAL mode. Note that the display changes with the FIR Decimation and HB Order now show- Input Sample Rate: 1.0 MHz ing up as input fields editable by the user. The computed FIR Decimation Factor: 1 Order is 43 taps. Press and observe the results, espe- cially the system stopband attenuation of -63dB (Figure 5). Passband: 60.0 kHz Press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER Transition Band: 30.0 kHz SPECIFICATION screen. Save the file by changing the Filter File name to SER3.SER and pressing the key. Passband Atten: 0.50 dB Answer “NO” to the “SAVE FILE” prompt and “YES” to the Stopband Atten: 50.0 dB “NEW FILE” prompt. Then press to save the file.

The I/O specifications are: Change the FIR Decimation to 1 and the HB Order to 2. Note that an error will result as long as the Decimation Fac- Input Bits: 24 tor field does not match the decimation that would result from the current FIR decimation and the number of halfband Output Bits: 32 filters that are enabled. This error will prevent a filter from FCLK 45.0 MHz being designed while the entries in the fields are inconsis- tent. The results are similar to those produced from the first The FIR Type is selected to be: design, but a lower order FIR is required: 27 taps. This is FIR Type: LOWPASS due to the fact that filtering is being done by the Half- band filters. Press and observe the frequency The user options are the same as in Lesson 1, except: response screen shown in Figure 6. Observe that the stop- FIR Order: 77 band attenuation has improved somewhat to -70dB. In this design, the Halfband stage alias overlaps the FIR transition A valid solution was found for the given specifications and is re- band. To prevent novice users from getting unintended ported to be: results, this condition is not allowed in AUTO Design Mode. Output Data Rate: 1.0 MHz In MANUAL Design Mode, SERINADE performs less check- ing on the input parameters, which allows the user to have Max FCLKS/CLKOUT: 1 more freedom. MANUAL Design Mode allows the FIR transi- Min SCLK: 24.0 MHz tion band to overlap the Halfband aliasing, and allows the FIR transition band to alias on itself by allowing the output Min FCLK: 39.5 MHz rate to be less than 2 * (passband + transition band). Press HB Decimation: 1 to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen. FIR Decimation: 1 Change the FIR Decimation to 4 and the HB Order to 0 HB Order: 0 (Bypassing the Halfband filters completely). Again the results are similar to those produced from the first and sec- Note that SERINADE automatically bypassed the Halfband ond designs, but a higher order FIR is required: 77 taps. filter stage by setting the HB Order to 0. This was necessary Press and observe that the stopband attenuation is to meet the Decimation Factor of 1, since each Halfband now -56dB. Press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL stage decimates by a minimum of two. Press to design I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen. the filter. The screen displays the design status and, when

2-4 SERINADE

FIGURE 3. LINEAR PLOT OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Spec Number 2-5 SERINADE

FIGURE 5. MANUAL MODE DESIGN

2-6 SERINADE

Lesson 4: Half Band Filter Only Design Lesson 5: User-Supplied FIR Design The Halfband filter section may be bypassed to create a In the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION SERIAL I/O filter configuration using only the halfband filters. screen, use the bar to select the FIR Type to be This is accomplished by setting the FIR type to BYPASS. In IMPORTED. At the FIR File field, press y to delete the the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen, default file name, then type SER5.IMP and press . The change the Filter File to SER4.SER and press . FIR symmetry should remain set to EVEN, which specifies that Answer NO to the “SAVE FILE?” prompt to prevent the IMPORTED FIR is an even symmetric FIR. See the overwriting SER3.SER. HSP43124 data sheet for an explanation of even symmetry. The data specifies a filter with the following attributes: SER5.IMP is a 117 tap FIR filter with a stopband attenuation LESSON 4: FILTER ATTRIBUTES of 45dB. When using an imported FIR, SERINADE esti- mates the Stopband Attenuation using the FIR order it reads SPECIFICATIONS VALUE UNIT from the impulse response file and the current filter design Input Sample Rate: 1.0 MHz specifications. (Note that the filter specifications are entered Decimation Factor: 4 by the user and do not necessarily match the characteristics Passband: 36.0 kHz of the imported filter.) The maximum value is 198.0dB. Transition Band: 30.0 kHz The user may not modify the FIR Order or Stopband Attenu- Passband Atten: 0.50 dB ation fields, since SERINADE will simply recompute these values using the imported FIR order. All other input fields Stopband Atten: 144.0 dB may be modified, but the only filter specification SERINADE The I/O specifications are: will attempt to meet is the decimation factor. Input Bits: 24 Press to design the filter. The screen displays the Output Bits: 32 design status and, when complete, displays the frequency FCLK 40.0 MHz response screen shown in Figure 8. Note that the IMPORTED FIR does not meet the current design specifica- The FIR Type is selected to be: tions indicated by the dotted line. When using the FIR type of FIR Type: BYPASS IMPORTED, the SERINADE software only attempts to meet The user options are the same as the Decimation Factor specification by calculating the neces- before, except: sary number of halfband filters to cascade and the FIR deci- FIR Order: 0 mation. In this mode it is up to the user to design the FIR to meet the desired design specifications. A valid solution was found for the given specifications and is re- ported to be: Press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER Output Data Rate: 250.0 kHz SPECIFICATION screen. Max FCLKS/CLKOUT: 5 Press to exit the SERINADE program. Respond “NO” Min SCLK: 24.0 MHz to the “SAVE FILE?” prompt to preserve the original version Min FCLK: 14.0 MHz of SER4.SER. HB Decimation: 4 FIR Decimation 1 HB Order 2

Press to design the filter. The screen displays the design status and, when the design is complete, displays the frequency response screen shown in Figure 7. Note that the Halfband filter section does not meet the current design specifications. When using the FIR type of BYPASS, the SERINADE software only attempts to meet the Decimation Factor specification by calculating the necessary number of halfband filters to enable. In addition, the FIR Order and Stopband Attenuation fields may not be modified by the user: they will always be 0 and 144dB respectively. Note that the halfband aliasing overlaps the halfband frequency response so that the two curves intersect at their -6dB point. Press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen.

2-7 SERINADE

FIGURE 7. RESPONSE OF HALFBAND FILTERS

2-8 SERINADE 3

SERINADE USER’S GUIDE

INTRODUCTION entered in either decimal or scientific notation. Values are stored in memory at full precision up to the sixth decimal SERINADE was developed by Harris specifically to design place. Displayed values are rounded to six decimal places. filter configurations for the HSP43124 Serial I/O Filter. Design specifications are supplied by the user in terms of The FIR Order and Stopband Attenuation fields are unique frequencies and gains. SERINADE automatically computes in that they operate both as input and output. If the user the optimum configuration of the Serial I/O Filter's cascad- enters data in the Stopband Attenuation field, SERINADE able halfband filters and programmable finite impulse calculates and displays the FIR Order. If the user enters data response (FIR) filter; it also allows the user to manually in the FIR Order field case SERINADE calculates and dis- design his or her own configuration. plays the corresponding Stopband Attenuation value. FILE I/O When a set of valid parameters has been entered, SERI- NADE computes the configuration parameters and reports The SERINADE input and output files are text files. The them at the bottom of the menu screen under HSP43124 formats are listed in Appendix C. Configuration. The bottom portion of the screen remains blank The input files are: until all of the input field contain valid data. If the input param- eters are invalid, the bottom line on the screen displays an Filename.SER Filter design parameters. This file is auto- error message indicating which design rule is being broken. If matically created by SERINADE with the more than one design rule is being violated, the message SER extension. reflects the first violation encountered during checking. Filename.XXX An imported file which lists the impulse response of a filter. The specification parameters are as follows: The output files are: • Filter File: a new or existing filter specification (*.SER) file. For a new file, the “New File? YES/NO” prompt is dis- Filename.FRQ The magnitude of the frequency played. If you create a new file and have not saved your responses of the Halfband filters, FIR fil- previous file, the “Save File? YES/NO” prompt is also dis- ter, and System saved in log units. The played. Note that this file name may be any acceptable frequency scale of the Halfband filter DOS file name, thus the *.SER, *.IMP, *.RPT, and *.FRQ response is from 0 to the input Nyquist fre- files may be rerouted to an alternate directory by specify- quency of the first halfband filter. The fre- ing the directory name as part of the file name. quency scales of the FIR and System responses are from 0 to the FIR input • Input Sample Rate: the sample rate of the input data, Nyquist frequency. denoted FS, where FS is in [1Hz:100MHz]. The input sam- ple rate can be entered in scientific notation (to enter Filename.IMP The impulse response of the programma- 2MHz, type 2e6). The maximum sample rate of the ble FIR filter. HSP43124 is dependent on the configuration (See Deci- Filename.RPT Report file: lists the configuration of the mation Factor, FIR Order). HSP43124. • Decimation Factor: the total system decimation from input DATA ENTRY to output; denoted Df. This is the product of the Halfband decimation, which is a power of two from 1 to 32, and the Filter parameters are entered using the menu screen shown FIR decimation, which is an integer from 1 to 8. The low- in Figure 1. This is the screen that appears when the pro- est possible decimation factor is 1 (no decimation) and the gram is invoked. highest possible value is 256. Decimation Factor = Input The data fields located on the top portion of the screen (the Sample Rate/Output Data Rate Specification menu) require user input. The user enters the • Passband: the maximum frequency of the filter passband parameters of the target system. As each value is entered, (FP). The passband can be entered in scientific notation. SERINADE attempts to design a valid system configuration. In AUTO mode (see Design Mode below), FP must satisfy If the data is not in the legal range of values for that field, or the Nyquist condition: (FP + FT) < (FOUT/2). The range of if it results in an invalid configuration, SERINADE reports the FP is from 1Hz to 100MHz. error at the bottom of the screen. All numeric values can be

3-1 SERINADE

• Transition Band: the width of the filter transition band, • FIR File: Applicable to IMPORTED FIR Type designs denoted FT. The transition band can be entered in scien- only. Specify the name of a file which contains FIR filter tific notation. In AUTO mode (see Design Mode below), coefficients. The of this file must be compatible to the value of FT must satisfy the Nyquist condition (FP + the format shown in Appendix C, with a maximum order of FT) < FOUT/2. The range of (FP + FT) is from 1Hz to 256 taps. The FIR can be of even or odd symmetry with 100MHz. an even or odd number of taps. • Passband Atten: Specify the maximum acceptable pass- • FIR Symmetry: Applicable to IMPORTED FIR Type band attenuation (peak-to-peak passband ripple/2), designs only. Toggle between EVEN and ODD to specify denoted Ap, where Ap is from 0.0001dB to 5dB. the symmetry of the imported FIR. An FIR designed in • Stopband Atten: Specify the acceptable minimum stop- SERINADE is always EVEN. Note that symmetry is inde- pendent of the number of coefficients. See the HSP43124 band attenuation, denoted As, where As is from 0.01dB to 198dB. Entering a number in this field causes the esti- data sheet for a complete explanation. mated number of coefficients in the FIR filter stage to be • Design Mode: Toggle between AUTO and MANUAL. In displayed in the FIR Order field. the AUTO mode, SERINADE generates valid filter config- • Input Bits: Specify the number of bits in the input data urations with the maximum number of Halfband filters and word, an integer from 8 to 24. the minimum order FIR filter. In the MANUAL mode, the user can alter the FIR Decimation and HB Order indepen- • Output Bits: Specify the number of bits in the output data dently. In MANUAL mode, SERINADE does not check for word, an integer from 8 to 32. aliasing by the Halfband or FIR stages; the user is • FCLK: Specify the clock rate of the Filter Compute expected to detect these conditions by viewing the gener- Engine, denoted Fc, where Fc can be calculated from the ated frequency responses. Harris recommends that a filter minimum FCLK equation in the HSP43124 data sheet. be designed using the AUTO mode first; if the filter design Note that for configurations in which the halfband filters is not acceptable, then the MANUAL mode can be used to are used, Fc must exceed 14*FS. fine-tune the design. • FIR Type: Toggle between three FIR filter types (LOW- • FIR Decimation: Applicable to MANUAL Design Mode PASS, BYPASS, and IMPORTED). only. Specify the FIR Decimation where the admissible • LOWPASS: An FIR is designed of order N, where N is range is an integer from 1 to 8. odd, which satisfies the user specifications established by • HB Order: Applicable to MANUAL Design Mode only. FP, FT, Df, Ap and As. The FIR is designed using the Specify the number of Halfband filters to be enabled. The Parks-McClellan with Remez exchange method to com- admissable range is an integer from 0 to 5. If the order is pute the coefficients of an equi-ripple Chebyshev filter. 0, the Halfband section is effectively bypassed. The derived FIR has even symmetry and is scaled so that • Generate Report: Toggle between NO and YES. If the end to end gain of the Serial I/O Filter = 1.0. enabled, the design report (*.RPT) file contains file identifi- • BYPASS: SERINADE uses the Decimation Factor to cation information: HSP43124 Serial I/O Filter design determine the number of Halfband filters to enable. The parameters, design statistics, control register contents Decimation Factor must be a power of two from 2 to 32. and FIR coefficient information. This information is pro- The FIR decimation factor is automatically set to 1. while vided for use when configuring the HSP43124 Serial I/O the FIR Enable bit is set to 0 in the Filter Configuration Filter. Register. SERINADE will automatically display the FIR • Display Response: Toggle between LINEAR, LOG, and Order as 0 and the Stopband Attenuation as 144 dB. The NONE. If LINEAR is selected, the magnitude of the filter's user may not modify these input fields. All other input frequency response is displayed on a linear scale immedi- fields may be modified as in LOWPASS mode, but the fil- ately after the filter is generated. If LOG is selected, the ter specification fields are not meaningful in BYPASS display is in dB. If NONE is selected, then no response is mode since SERINADE does not attempt to meet these displayed. specifications when designing a filter. • Save Frequency Responses: Toggle between NO and • IMPORTED: The FIR coefficients are read from a disk YES. If enabled, the magnitude of the Halfband, FIR, and file. The format of this file is shown in Appendix C. The System frequency responses are saved as Filena- sum of the FIR coefficients must be < 1.0. In this mode, meH.FRQ, FilenameF.FRQ, and FilenameS.FRQ, respec- SERINADE estimates the Stopband Attenuation using the tively. To conduct further analysis these files may be read number of coefficients in this file and the filter design spec- into any software that can read numerical signal files (see ifications. Note that this may not reflect the actual stop- File Format in Appendix C). band attenuation. The user may not modify the FIR Order or Stopband Attenuation fields as SERINADE will simply • Save FIR Response: Toggle between NO and YES. This recompute these values using the IMPORTED FIR order. saves the generated FIR impulse response as File- All other input fields may be modified; however, just as in Name.IMP. This file can be used as an imported FIR at a BYPASS mode, the only filter specification SERINADE later date. uses is the decimation factor. All other filter specifications • FIR Order: Specify the number of coefficients in the FIR are meaningless in this mode. filter. For LOWPASS and IMPORTED filters, this is an inte- ger in the range 4 to 256. For FIR BYPASS mode, it is

3-2 SERINADE

always 0. Entering a value in this field causes the esti- does not overlap the aliasing caused by the Halfband filters. mated Stopband Attenuation to be displayed in the Stop- If overlap occurs, the number of Halfband filters is band Attenuation field. Harris strongly recommends that decreased until the overlap is eliminated. If the number of the minimum acceptable FIR order be used: this will mini- halfband filters is decremented to zero and the resulting FIR mize the group delay of the filter and, since the HSP43124 Decimation is greater than eight, the design process is is a fixed-point digital filter, this will decrease its suscepti- halted and an error message is displayed on the bottom of bility to round-off errors. the screen. In AUTO Design Mode, aliasing in the transition Reported Values band of the FIR is prohibited by generating an error unless FOUT > 2 x (FP + FT). The user may override both of these • Output Data Rate: Reports the output sample rate (FOUT); aliasing checks by changing to the MANUAL Design Mode. FOUT = Input Sample Rate / Decimation Factor. For the MANUAL Design Mode, the design process is simi- • Max FCLKS per CLKOUT: Reports the minimum number lar, except that the FIR Decimation rate and Halfband Order of filter clocks per output bit clock necessary to ensure are specified separately by the user and no aliasing checks that no data is missed at the output of the filter. Configur- are performed. ing the HSP43124 with this value in the FCLKs per CLK- While SERINADE is designing the filter, the screen displays OUT field will result in the minimum acceptable output bit the iteration index for the Remez Exchange algorithm. The rate. maximum iteration index is 50. To abort during generation, • Min SCLK: Reports the minimum Serial Input Clock Rate press the key. When the current Remez iteration is necessary to meet the specified Input Sample Rate for the complete, the “Interrupt Remez?” prompt appears. Select given number of Input Bits. YES to interrupt or NO to continue. • Min FCLK: Reports the minimum Filter clock calculated from the equation in the HSP43124 data sheet. The Upon completion of the design and if enabled in the reported value also satisfies the requirement that the filter HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen, clock rate exceed 14 x (Input Sample Rate) if the halfband the output files are saved. These files are the FIR impulse filters are enabled. response (*.IMP), the report file (*.RPT) and the Halfband, Note: It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that this FIR and System frequency response files (*.FRQ). value does not exceed the speed grade of the If Display Response is LINEAR or LOG, the magnitudes of HSP43124. For some design specifications, the user may the frequency response of the FIR and the system are dis- see FCLK rates higher than grades currently available. played. The range of the frequency axis for the FIR screen is • HB Decimation: Reports the value of the aggregate deci- from DC to FS/(2*DECHB) (the FIR Nyquist frequency), while mation rate of the enabled halfband filters, where halfband the range for the System Response is from DC to FOUT/2 decimation rate = 2**(HB Order). (the System Nyquist frequency). • FIR Decimation: Reports the FIR decimation rate. Not The graphics screen may be printed by pressing the applicable in MANUAL design mode. key (see Appendix A for printer configuration information). • HB Order: Reports the number of halfband filters needed To display the graphics screen on a white background, press to meet the specified filter design criteria. Not applicable in the key. toggles the display between the black MANUAL design mode. and white background. Press to display the context Function Keys sensitive help or press to return to the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O FILTER SPECIFICATION screen. (Help): Press to receive context-sensitive on-line help. Use arrow and page keys to scroll through help screens. (Save File): Saves the filter specification (.SER) file Press key to exit the help screen. under the file name specified in the Filter File field. (Filter Design): Generates the specified HSP43124 (Exit): Exits the SERINADE program. If you have not Serial I/O Filter. The design data is first tested for consis- saved your filter specification (*.SER) file, the prompt, “Save tency. If any errors are detected, a message indicating the File?” is displayed. first detected design inconsistency is displayed at the bot- ERROR MESSAGES tom of the screen (see Error Messages). The filter design halts at that point. Convergence Failure: Unable to calculate a valid FIR filter due to the passband and/or transition band being either too If no errors are found, the design process is initiated. For the wide or too narrow. The user may continue generating the fil- AUTO design mode, the number of Halfband filters to use is ter by answering “YES” to the “Cannot Converge, Con- determined by dividing the Decimation Factor by two until tinue?” prompt that appears on the design screen, but the the remainder is not a power of two. The number of halfband filter will not meet the design specifications. filters used is the number of iterations of the divide by two, and the FIR decimation is the remainder. This maximizes the Error Calculating FIR Coefficients: A mathematical error number of Halfband filters used, which relaxes the con- occurred while trying to calculate the filter coefficients. Usually straints on the specification of the FIR. a result of the passband and/or transition band being either too wide or too narrow, or the number of coefficients specified In AUTO design mode, the filter specification is then being far too many for the given filter characteristics. checked to make sure that the transition band of the FIR

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Design Limitations Exceeded: Design requirements ber of taps until SERINADE calculates and displays a value for exceed the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O's capabilities. the minimum FCLK. See the HSP43124 Data sheet for the equation used to calculate this minimum value. Data Out of Range [low:high]: The data entered in a numerical entry field is out of the acceptable range, which is FCLK < 14 * Input Sample Rate: The specified frequency indicated by the low and high limits. Use the edit keys to cor- for the Filter Clock is less than is required by the HSP43124 rectly enter an acceptable value. filter section when the configuration includes halfband filters. Device Driver File Not Found: The graphics driver files HB Order = 0 And FIR Bypassed Not Allowed: The Half- (*.BGI) are not in the SERINADE system directory. These band stages and the FIR filter may not be bypassed simulta- files may be copied directly from the installation disk. neously. Graphics Hardware Not Detected: No resident graphics HB Order > 5: The maximum number of cascaded halfband card detected on the system. filters available for the HSP43124 SERIAL I/O Filter is 5. Invalid Device Driver File: Your graphics adapter is not Passband + Transition Band >= Input Sample Rate/ supported by SERINADE. 2: The sum of the passband and transition band must be less than the input sample rate divided by two. [1, 2] Not Enough Memory To Load Driver: There was not enough memory available to allocate for the dynamically Output Rate > Input Sample Rate: The Output Rate may loaded graphics driver. Eliminate all memory resident pro- not be greater than the Input Sample Rate. [1,2] grams (TSRs) and try again, or toggle the Display Response Output Rate < 2 * (Passband + TransItion Band): In field to NONE. AUTO filter design mode, the output rate must be greater Insufficient Memory: There was not enough memory avail- than two times the sum of the passband and transition able to allocate for a dynamically created data type. Elimi- bands to prohibit FIR filter aliasing into the passband. This is nate memory resident programs (TSRs) and try again, or not checked in the MANUAL filter design mode. [1,2] reduce one or more of the following: the number of FIR Passband >= Input Sample Rate: The specified passband coefficients; the pass band/(FIR input rate) ratio; or the tran- may not be greater than the input sample rate. [1,2] sition band/(FIR input rate) ratio. Stopband Atten <= Passband Atten: The stopband atten- Filter File name Not Specified: A file name has not been uation must be greater than the passband attenuation. specified in the Filter File field. FIR File name Not Specified: A file name has not been File name Cannot Be Opened: The file name cannot be specified in the FIR File field. opened for either a read or a write operation. Check available disk space and/or appropriateness of the file name or path. Help File SERI.HLP Cannot Be Found: The SERINADE Help Text file can not be found. Check to make sure this file File name Contains Invalid Data: The file name contains is in the SERINADE system directory and that the PATH incompatible data or is lacking necessary data (see File For- contains this directory (see the Getting mat in Appendix C). Check the file for data corruption using Started section on proper installation procedures). This file the DOS TYPE command. may be copied directly from the installation disk if necessary. DESIGN ERRORS: Error Reading Halfband Frequency File: The Halfband FIR Order > 256: The maximum number of taps in the pro- Frequency Files can not be found, cannot be opened for grammable FIR filter is 256. Reduce the stopband attenua- read or contains corrupt data. Check to make sure the files tion, or increase the transition band, passband, or passband HB1.COM through HB5.COM and HB1A.COM through attenuation. HB5A.COM are in the SERINADE system directory, and that the PATH environment variable contains this directory (see FIR Decimation Rate > 8: The maximum FIR Decimation the Getting Started section on proper installation proce- rate is 8. In AUTO mode, change the total decimation factor to dures). Check the files for data corruption using the DOS a number which can be represented by the product of a power TYPE command. These files may be copied directly from the of two from one to 32 and an integer from one to eight. In installation disk if necessary. MANUAL mode, reduce the FIR decimation; adjust the Half- band decimation and the total decimation as necessary. Total Decimation not = HB Decimation * FIR Decimation: In MANUAL Design Mode, the total Decima- FIR Decimation Rate > 1 in FIR Bypass Mode: The FIR tion Factor must be the product of the HB Decimation * the Decimation rate must not exceed 1 in Bypass Mode, since FIR Decimation which are values entered by the user. In the FIR is not active. AUTO Design Mode SERINADE computes the HB and FIR FCLK < Minimum FCLK: The specified frequency for the Fil- Decimation and will never fail this design rule. ter Clock is less than is required by the HSP43124 filter section Transition Band Too Narrow: The minimum size of the to complete operations without missing input data samples. transition band is 0.004 x passband. Increase the FCLK rate to the maximum, then reduce the num-

3-4 SERINADE 4

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Printer Definition Table

PRINTER ID PRINTER TYPE PRINTER ID PRINTER TYPE 1 AEG Olympia 24 Pin Models (B/W) 40 Diconix 150 Series 2 AEG Olympia 8 Pin Models (B/W) 41 Diconix Color 4 3 AEG Olympia Laserstar 6 42 EGA Display 4 ATT 495 Laser Printer 43 Epson EPL Series 5 Acer LP-76 44 Epson Series (B/W) 6 Acer IIIG Grayscale 45 Epson EX Series (Color) 7 Alps 24 Pin Models (B/W) 46 Epson FX Series 8 Alps 24 Pin Models (Color) 47 Epson JX Series (B/W) 9 Alps 8 Pin Models (B/W) 48 Epson JX Series (Color) 10 Alps 8 Pin Models (Color) 49 Epson LQ Series (24 Pin, B/W) 11 Apple LaserWriter Series 50 Epson LQ Series (24 Pin, Color) 12 Bezier BP404 51 Epson LQ Series (8 Pin, B/W) 13 Brother HL Series 52 Epson LQ Series (8 Pin, Color) 14 Brother M-1000/1100 Series 53 Epson MX Series 15 Brother M-1909 (B/W) 54 Epson RX Series 16 Brother M-1909 (Color) 55 Fortis DP-600S 17 Brother M-1924L 56 Fortis/Dynax DM Series 18 Bull Compuprint Series (24 Pin) 57 Fujitsu DL2000 Series (B/W) 19 Bull Compuprint Series (8 Pin) 58 Fujitsu DL2000 Series (Color) 20 C-Tech C-600 Series 59 Fujitsu DX2000 Series (B/W) 21 C-Tech ProWriter Series 60 Fujitsu DX2000 Series (Color) 22 C. Itoh C-310 EP/CX 61 Fujitsu RX7100 23 C. Itoh C-715F (24 Pin) 62 FutureLogic PMC-5000A 24 C. Itoh C715F (8 Pin) 63 HP DeskJet Series (B/W) 25 C. Itoh Jet-Setter II 64 HP DeskJet 500c (Color) 26 C. Itoh ProWriter CI-4 65 HP DeskJet 550c (Color) 27 Canon BJ-10e 66 HP DeskJet 1200c (Color) 28 Canon BJ-300/330 67 HP LaserJet Series I 29 Canon BJC 800/820 (B/W) 68 HP LaserJet Series II 30 Canon BJC 800/820 (Color) 69 HP LaserJet Series III 31 Canon BJC 600 (Color) 70 HP LaserJet Series IV 32 Canon LBP-8 Series X24E 71 HP Laser IV 600 dpi 33 Centronics PagePrinter 8 72 HP PaintJet Series (B/W) 34 Citizen 120D/180D 73 HP PaintJet Series (Color) 35 Citizen MSP Series 74 HP PaintJet XL300(8.5in X 11in.) 36 Citizen Tribute 124/224 75 HP PaintJet XL300 (11in. X 17in.) 37 DEClaser Series 76 Howtek Pixelmaster 38 DataProducts LZR Series 77 IBM 3852-2 Jetprinter (B/W) 39 Destiny LaserAct 78 IBM 3852-2 Jetprinter (Color)

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PRINTER ID PRINTER TYPE PRINTER ID PRINTER TYPE 79 IBM Compact Printer 130 Tandy LP-1000 80 IBM LaserPrinter Series 131 Tandy LP-950 81 IBM PC Color Printer (B/W) 132 Tektronix 4696 82 IBM PC Color Printer (Color) 133 Tektronix Colorquick 83 IBM PC Graphics Printer 134 Tektronix Phaser Series 84 IBM Proprinter Series 135 Toshiba 1350 Series 85 IBM Proprinter X24 Series 136 Toshiba P320 Series 86 IBM QuietWriter Series 137 Toshiba P350 Series 87 Juki 5510 138 Toshiba PageLaser Series 88 Kodak Ektaplus 7008 139 VGA Display 89 Kyocera F-1010/2010/3010 140 Xerox 2700 90 LaserImage 1000 141 Xerox 4045 91 LaserMaster TrueTech Series Appendix B. References 92 Mannesmann Tally MT911PS 93 Mannesmann Tally 130/24 Series [1] Oppenheim, Alan V. and Schafer, Ronald W., Digital Sig- nal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975. 94 Mannesmann Tally MT910 95 MannesmannTally 130/9 Series [2] Crochiere, Ronald E. and Rabiner, Lawrence R. Multi- 96 MicroTek TrueLaser rate Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1983. 97 NEC Colormate PS Appendix C. File Formats 98 NEC LC-890 L File Structure 99 NEC Pinwriter P2/P3 100 NEC Pinwriter Series (24 Pin, B/W) File Formats Used by SERINADE 101 NEC Pinwriter Series (24 Pin, Color) FORMAT EXT DESCRIPTION 102 NEC SilentWrite2 990 Control *.SER Filter definition 103 NEC SilentWriter LC-860+ Control *.CFG System Configuration file 104 Okidata LaserLine6 RPT *.RPT Report file 105 Okidata ML Series (Color) Signal *.xxx Imported FIR file 106 Okidata ML Series (IBM, B/W) Signal *.IMP Impulse response to designed FIR 107 Okidata ML Series Signal F.FRQ Frequency response of FIR stage 108 Okidata OL830 Signal H.FRQ Frequency response of Halfband 109 Okidata OkiLaser Series stage 110 Panasonic KX-P1000/24 Series Signal S.FRQ Frequency response of entire system 111 Panasonic KX-P1000/8 Series NOTE: For Extensions, ‘x' is any Character. 112 Panasonic KX-P14450 Series Control Files 113 PostScript Printer (B/W) The *.SER Control files are utilized to store information for 114 PostScript Printer (Color) use by SERINADE. These files do not require editing by the 115 QMS PS Series user. 116 Qume LaserTen Plus The SER.CFG Control file is also utilized by SERINADE to 117 Roland RP-1100 Series store information concerning system configuration. This 118 Roland Raven LP-1100 control file is an ASCII file containing configuration variables 119 SGA Display used by SERINADE. These variables are initialized at install 120 Seikosha SK-3000 Series (B/W) time (see section 1.1) but may be altered by the user if necessary. The file takes on the following format: 121 Seikosha SK-3000 Series (Color) 122 Sharp JX-9500 Series FilterFile filename.SER 123 SpectriStar 400 Series PrinterId 113 124 Star LaserPrinter Series PrinterPort LPT1 125 Star Micronix NX Series XScale 0 126 Star Micronix NX-2400 Series YScale 0 Landscape 0 127 TI OmniLaser 2115 IoMode 1 128 Tandy DMP 2130 PalletteInv 0 129 Tandy DMP 240

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The user may use any text editor to modify these SERINADE Report File variables but must adhere to the format shown above. The The *.RPT file generates a report of the filter design specifi- variables are described below: cations for documenting the design. The first three lines are FilterFile: The SERINADE filter specification file which may header information containing design dates and software also be modified from within the SERINADE design screen. information. The next seven lines define the filter require- PrinterId: The printer ID number corresponding to the con- ments. The next three values define the minimum clocking figured printer (see Appendix A for the Printer Definition requirements for the HSP43124. These are followed by the Table). In the example above, the printer ID of 113 corre- value of each of the control register in hexadecimal and sponds to a Postscript printer. each control word sub-field broken out in decimal represen- tation. The hexadecimal values of the filter coefficients are PrinterPort: The printer port address or DOS file name to also listed. which the graphics print will be directed. Valid entries for this field are LPTn, COMn or a DOS file name. If a DOS file Signal Files name is entered, the graphics screen is written to a binary Signal files are used to store real or complex data for inter- file which may be printed via the DOS /B file name change between SERINADE and other signal analysis soft- LPT1: command. ware. These data files conform to the file format used by XScale: The horizontal scaling factor which defaults to a MONARCH Digital Signal Processing Software, consisting value of zero. When zero is selected, auto-scaling is per- of a seven line header followed by the data itself. The formed by SERINADE for both the horizontal and vertical header section must follow this format: factors. Auto-scaling attempts to provide scale factors such Line 1: through 4 Comments that the apparent image as seen on the display monitor is Line 5: X-Axis reproduced by the printer. If the auto-scaled image is not acceptable for your printer, this value may be adjusted. Line 6: Y-Axis Label Scales are specified as a percentage, with 100 being a scale Line 7: t c r of 1:1, 200 being 2:1, and so on. Where t = the letter “r” for real data or “c” for complex data, YScale: The vertical scaling factor which defaults to a value c = number of columns, and r = number of rows. Following of zero. When zero is selected, auto-scaling is performed by the header section, the data is arranged according to the SERINADE for both the horizontal and vertical factors. If the specified number of row and columns. Note: the real and auto-scaled image is not acceptable for your printer, this imaginary parts of a complex number are listed as one row, value may be adjusted. Scales are specified as a percent- with the real part first. age, with 100 being a scale of 1:1, 200 being 2:1, and so on. The frequency files H.FRQ, F.FRQ and S.FRQ are two Landscape: Print the frequency response in portrait (0) or dimensional files (t = c). Column 1 is the frequency and col- landscape (1); the default is zero. umn 2 is the magnitude of the response for each respective stage. Note: auto-scaling does not work properly when landscape mode is selected; the user must specify the XScale and The impulse response *.IMP is a one dimensional file (t = r). YScale factors. Column 1 is the FIR impulse response in floating point repre- sentation created by SERINADE. IoMode: The printer I/O mode. The following values are valid: The Imported FIR file *.xxx is created by the user using any filter design software, or may be a filter which was previously 1. Printer output via direct port hardware (default). designed with SERINADE. This file format must be a one- 2. Printer output via BIOS (not recommended). dimensional (t = r, c = 1, r = #taps) SERINADE signal file. 3. Printer output via stream (use this mode for networked The FIR coefficients should be in floating point format; the printers or if output is directed to a file). sum of the coefficients must be <= 1.0. The number of coef- ficients must be from 4 to 256. PalletteInv: Invert the color palette; On most printers, 0 = print black lines on a white background, 1 = white lines on a back background. The default is zero. The sense of this bit may be reversed on some printers. Set to 1 to invert the palette prior to printing. Does not affect screen display.

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