Macadamia problem solver & bug identifier Reprint – information current in 2003

REPRINT INFORMATION – PLEASE READ! For updated information please call 13 25 23 or visit the website www.deedi.qld.gov.au

This publication has been reprinted as a digital book without any changes to the content published in 2003. We advise readers to take particular note of the areas most likely to be out-of-date and so requiring further research: • Chemical recommendations—check with an agronomist or Infopest www.infopest.qld.gov.au • Financial information—costs and returns listed in this publication are out of date. Please contact an adviser or industry body to assist with identifying more current figures. • Varieties—new varieties are likely to be available and some older varieties may no longer be recommended. Check with an agronomist, call the Business Information Centre on 13 25 23, visit our website www.deedi.qld.gov.au or contact the industry body. • Contacts—many of the contact details may have changed and there could be several new contacts available. The industry organisation may be able to assist you to find the information or services you require. • Organisation names—most government agencies referred to in this publication have had name changes. Contact the Business Information Centre on 13 25 23 or the industry organisation to find out the current name and contact details for these agencies. • Additional information—many other sources of information are now available for each crop. Contact an agronomist, Business Information Centre on 13 25 23 or the industry organisation for other suggested reading. Even with these limitations we believe this information kit provides important and valuable information for intending and existing growers. This publication was last revised in 2003. The information is not current and the accuracy of the information cannot be guaranteed by the State of Queensland. This information has been made available to assist users to identify issues involved in production. This information is not to be used or relied upon by users for any purpose which may expose the user or any other person to loss or damage. Users should conduct their own inquiries and rely on their own independent professional advice. While every care has been taken in preparing this publication, the State of Queensland accepts no responsibility for decisions or actions taken as a result of any data, information, statement or advice, expressed or implied, contained in this publication. 156 bug identifier 154 bug identifier Predatory ladybird beetles 201 ...... Parasitic wasp 206 Paper wasp ...... Native bee 202 Mirid bug ...... Lynx spider 207 ...... Lacewing 208 Jumping spider ...... 203 Honey bee ...... Elachertus ectoparasite 208 Crab spider ...... 184(larva) Coccinellid ladybird ...... Brown lacewing (egg);200(adult) Assassin bug ...... 165 172 Aphytis parasiticwasp ...... Beneficials Yellow peachmoth 175(larva);191() ...... Variegated 179(larva);192(moth) hairycaterpillar ...... Sigastus weevil Rutherglen bug (nymphandadult) ...... 199 196 Redshouldered leafbeetle ...... Redbanded thrips Queensland fruitfly 203 ...... 176(larva);190(butterfly) Pencilled bluebutterfly ...... 177(larva);190(moth) Orange fruitborer ...... Oleander scale 162 ...... Nut stemborer (egg) ...... 163 htsidpeaoymt ...... 169 Phytoseiid predatory mite ...... Brown tuftedcaterpillar 181(larva);193(moth) Brown looper ...... 168 Black citrusaphid ...... Bizarre looper 179(larva);194(moth) ...... Bananaspotting bug (egg);195(nymphandadult) ...... 159 Pests provided: references page the use and below list the in beneficial or stages relevant its of photographs the for beneficial or pest known a for Search 2. Gotopages207208 Ants andspiders ...... Gotopages203206 Flies andwasps ...... Bugs andbeetles andbutterflies Gotopages187194 ...... Grubs andcaterpillars(larvae) Tiny insectsandmites Gotopages166172 ...... Gotopages158165 Eggs andscales ...... pictured together. This makesquickidentification easier. starting on page 158, and see all of the commonly-found eggspages egg the to go it, identify to want and nut a on egg an the relevant insect type or stage. you want to identify – simply browse through that thebeneficial or pest pagesinsect unknown of an for Search 1. There aretwowaysforyoutousethissection. Bug Identifier Broad mite 167 ...... 164(egg);183(larva);204(adult) ...... 182 (larva);199(adult) ...... 182 ...... 183(larva) ...... Gotopages195202 ...... 171,186 ...... 180 ...... Gotopages173186 ...... For example, if you find – first find the pest pest the find first – 204 167 171 Trichogrammatoidea wasp 170 ...... Mango planthopper ...... 164 (egg);169(nymph); 194(adult) Mango planthopper ...... 164 161 Macadamia whitescale ...... 174(larva);188(moth) Macadamia twig-girdler ...... (egg);173(larva);187(moth) Macadamia nutborer ...... 158 Macadamia musselscale 161 ...... Macadamia leafminer (egg);173(larva);187(moth) Macadamia flower caterpillar .158 159 Macadamia feltedcoccid ...... Macadamia cupmoth 178 ...... 162 Long softscale ...... Latania scale 178 Large bagworm ...... Lace bug 174(larva);189(moth) Kernel grub ...... mealybug Hairyline bluebutterfly (egg);181(larva);191(butterfly) ...... 163 Green vegetablebug 166 Greenhouse thrips ...... Fruitspotting bug 166 Flower thrips ...... 182 Flower looper ...... Doubleheaded hawkmoth 177(larva);193(moth) Cup moth ...... 176(larva);189(butterfly) Cornelian butterfly ...... Coastal brownant 168 flatmite...... (adultandnymphalcase) Cicada ...... 198 Wasp 172,185, 186(larva) ectoparasite ...... Trissolcus 205 wasp ...... 206 Tachinid fly ...... Predatory thrips 170 ...... 200 Predatory miridbug ...... Predatory mealybugladybird (larva);201(adult) ...... 185 etcrsbg...... 196 Leptocoris bug ...... Syrphid fly 165(egg);184(larva);205(adult) ...... 198 ...... 160 ...... 159 (egg);195(nymphandadult) ...... 159 ...... 207 ...... 197 (nymphandadult) ...... 197 ...... 160 (egg);197(nymphandadult) ...... 160 ...... 175(larva);188(moth) ...... 180(larva);192 (moth) ...... 155 157 bug identifier bug identifier 160 bug identifier – eggs and scales 158 bug identifier – eggs and scales Green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula) eggs Latania scale (Hemiberlesia lataniae) Macadamia nutborer ( ombrodelta) eggs egg Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemigypsa) hatched about to hatch parasitised newly laid

pest pest pest pest some areas. Occasionally important in 150. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonleaves. northern NSW. in someareassuchas Occasionally important 14 and116. Damage shownonpages branches andnuts. Found onleaves, Major pest. 106. Damage shownonpage leaves. flowers andoccasionally Found onnuts,nutstalks, Major pest. page 80. Damage shownon Found onflowers. 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 6 mm 2 mm 4 mm 1 mm Trichogrammatoidea wasp 170 ...... Mango planthopper ...... 164 (egg);169(nymph); 194(adult) Mango planthopper ...... 164 161 Macadamia whitescale ...... 174(larva);188(moth) Macadamia twig-girdler ...... (egg);173(larva);187(moth) Macadamia nutborer ...... 158 Macadamia musselscale 161 ...... Macadamia leafminer (egg);173(larva);187(moth) Macadamia flower caterpillar .158 159 Macadamia feltedcoccid ...... Macadamia cupmoth 178 ...... 162 Long softscale ...... Latania scale 178 Large bagworm ...... Lace bug 174(larva);189(moth) Kernel grub ...... Hibiscus mealybug Hairyline bluebutterfly (egg);181(larva);191(butterfly) ...... 163 Green vegetablebug 166 Greenhouse thrips ...... Fruitspotting bug 166 Flower thrips ...... 182 Flower looper ...... Doubleheaded hawkmoth 177(larva);193(moth) Cup moth ...... 176(larva);189(butterfly) Cornelian butterfly ...... Coastal brownant 168 Citrus flatmite...... (adultandnymphalcase) Cicada ...... 198 Wasp 172,185, 186(larva) ectoparasite ...... Trissolcus 205 wasp ...... 206 Tachinid fly ...... Predatory thrips 170 ...... 200 Predatory miridbug ...... Predatory mealybugladybird (larva);201(adult) ...... 185 etcrsbg...... 196 Leptocoris bug ...... Syrphid fly 165(egg);184(larva);205(adult) ...... 198 ...... 160 ...... 159 (egg);195(nymphandadult) ...... 159 ...... 207 ...... 197 (nymphandadult) ...... 197 ...... 160 (egg);197(nymphandadult) ...... 160 ...... 175(larva);188(moth) ...... 180(larva);192 (moth) ...... 155 157 bug identifier bug identifier 160 bug identifier – eggs and scales 158 bug identifier – eggs and scales Green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula) eggs Latania scale (Hemiberlesia lataniae) Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) eggs egg Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemigypsa) hatched about to hatch parasitised newly laid

pest pest pest pest northern NSW. in someareassuchas Occasionally important 14 and116. Damage shownonpages branches andnuts. Found onleaves, Major pest. 106. Damage shownonpage leaves. flowers andoccasionally Found onnuts,nutstalks, Major pest. page 80. Damage shownon Found onflowers. some areas. Occasionally important in 150. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonleaves. 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 6 mm 2 mm 4 mm 1 mm Macadamia felted coccid (Eriococcus ironsidei) ting lutescens bug (A. lutescens) eggs Fruitspotting bug (Amblypelta nitida) andbananaspot- Macadamia mussel scale (Lepidosaphes macadamiae) combei) Macadamia white scale (Pseudaulacaspis brimble- male crawlers male female adult females parasitised pupae

pest pest pest pest Major pest. 12 and88. Damage shownonpages and flowers. Found onleaves,branches Major pest. 102. Damage shownonpage Found onleavesandnuts. Minor pest. Found mainlyonleaves. Minor pest. 14 and116. Damage shownonpages Found onleavesandnuts. female 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 2 mm 2 mm 4 mm 4 mm 159 161 bug identifier – eggs and scales bug identifier – eggs and scales 164 bug identifier – eggs and scales 162 bug identifier – eggs and scales Lacewing (Mallada signata) egg Mango planthopper (Colgaroides acuminata) egg mass Oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) Long soft scale (Coccus longulus)

beneficial pest pest pest little ifanydamage. Incidental insectcausing Found onnutstalks. pillars andthrips. mealybugs, scales, cater- pests, particularlyaphids, General predatorofmost Found anywhereontree. Minor pest. Found mainlyonleaves. Minor pest. twigs. Found onleavesand 10 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 6 mm 4 mm Nut stemborer (Paranepsia amydra) egg lineata lineata) eggs Lycaenid butterfly blue (hairyline butterfly –Erysichton Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas) egg egg mass Assassin bug (Pristhesancus plagipennis) egg exit hole

beneficial beneficial pest pest Minor pest. 64 and138. Damage shownonpages Found onleavesandnuts. Minor pest. Damage shownonpage94. Found inflowers. thrips. Predator ofaphidsand Found mainlyonflowers. nutborer. bananaspotting bug and larly fruitspottingbug, many pests;particu- General predatorof Found anywhereontree. 20 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 2 mm 3 mm 1 mm 165 bug identifier – eggs and scales 163 bug identifier – eggs and scales 168 bug identifier – tiny and mites 166 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites Black citrus aphid(Toxoptera citricida) Citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi) Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidatis) Flower thrips (Scirtothrips sp.) eggs larvae adult adults

pest pest pest pest causes majordamage. Common, butrarely 20 and100. Damage shownonpages flowers. Found onleavesand Minor pest. 130. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonnuts. Minor pest. 128. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonnuts. Sometimes amajorpest. 16, 84and128. Damage shownonpages and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 4 mm 3 mm 3 mm 1 mm 168 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites 166 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites Black citrus aphid(Toxoptera citricida) Citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi) Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidatis) Flower thrips (Scirtothrips sp.) eggs larvae adult adults

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 130. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonnuts. Minor pest. 128. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonnuts. Sometimes amajorpest. 16, 84and128. Damage shownonpages and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers causes majordamage. Common, butrarely 20 and100. Damage shownonpages flowers. Found onleavesand 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 4 mm 3 mm 3 mm 1 mm Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) Redbanded thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) nymphs Phytoseiid predatory mite Mango planthopper (Colgaroides acuminata) nymphs nymphs adults

beneficial pest pest pest nurseries andyoungtrees. May beamajorpestin 18, 92and130. Damage shownonpages and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers Minor pest. 128. Damage shownonpage Found mainlyonnuts. thrips. Predator ofmitesand and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers little ifanydamage. Incidental insectcausing Found onnutstalks. 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 3 mm 3 mm 1 mm 1 mm 169 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites 167 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites 172 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites 170 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites Wasp ectoparasite larva Aphytis parasitic wasp Trichogrammatoidea wasp (Trichogrammatoidea spp.) Predatory thrips (Scolothrips sexmaculatus) ectoparasite larva larva female leafminer larva male pupa adult

beneficial beneficial beneficial beneficial scale. Internal parasiteof latania branches ornuts. Found onleaves, leafminer. External parasiteof Found onleaves. nutborer. Internal parasiteof Found mainlyonnuts. thrips. Predator ofmitesand and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 3 mm 2 mm 1 mm 1 mm Parasitic wasp Elachertus ectoparasite larvae sa) larva Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemigyp- andpupalarvae Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) larvae nutborer larva pupa ectoparasite

pest pest beneficial beneficial aspotting bugs. fruitspotting andbanan- Internal eggparasiteof Found onleavesornuts. nutborer. External parasiteof Found mainlyonnuts. Major pest. 80. Damage shownonpage Found onflowers. Major pest. 106. Damage shownonpage and occasionallyflowers. Found onnuts,nutstalks 20 mm 40 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 4 mm 3 mm 0 mm 173 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 171 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites 176 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 174 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) Pencilled blue butterfly (Candalides absimilis) larva Cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas diovis) larva Macadamia twig-girdler (Neodrepta luteotactella) larva Kernel grub(Assara seminivale) larva

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 30 and144. Damage shownon pages and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers Minor pest. 138. Damage shownonpage Found onnuts. elevated rainforestareas. Occasionally importantin 10 and140. Damage shownonpages and nuts. Found onleaves,branches occasions. Can beamajorpeston 132. Damage shownonpage Found onnuts. 50 mm 30 mm 30 mm 50 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm Parasitic wasp Elachertus ectoparasite larvae sa) larva Macadamia flower caterpillar (Cryptoblabes hemigyp- andpupalarvae Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) larvae nutborer larva pupa ectoparasite

pest pest beneficial beneficial Major pest. 80. Damage shownonpage Found onflowers. Major pest. 106. Damage shownonpage and occasionallyflowers. Found onnuts,nutstalks aspotting bugs. fruitspotting andbanan- Internal eggparasiteof Found onleavesornuts. nutborer. External parasiteof Found mainlyonnuts. 20 mm 40 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 4 mm 3 mm 0 mm 173 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 171 bug identifier – tiny insects and mites 176 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 174 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) Pencilled blue butterfly (Candalides absimilis) larva Cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas diovis) larva Macadamia twig-girdler (Neodrepta luteotactella) larva Kernel grub(Assara seminivale) larva

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 138. Damage shownonpage Found onnuts. elevated rainforestareas. Occasionally importantin 10 and140. Damage shownonpages and nuts. Found onleaves,branches occasions. Can beamajorpeston 132. Damage shownonpage Found onnuts. Minor pest. 30 and144. Damage shownon pages and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers 50 mm 30 mm 30 mm 50 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm Yellow peach moth(Dichocrocis punctiferalis) larva Macadamia leafminer (Acrocercops chionosema) larvae Cup moth(Anaxidea lozogramma) larva Orange fruitborer ( miserana) larva ready to pupate

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 124. Damage shownonpage Found onnuts. nurseries andyoungtrees. May beamajorpestin Damage shownonpage8. Found onleaves. Minor pest. Found onleaves. Minor pestinnurseries. 26. Damage shownonpage ers andnuts. and occasionallyonflow- Found mainlyonleaves 20 mm 50 mm 50 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 175 177 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 180 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 178 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) Brown tufted caterpillar ( mendosa) larva Doubleheaded hawk moth(Coequosa triangularis) larva Large bagworm(Oiketicus elongatus) larvae Macadamia cup moth(Comana fasciata) larva female male

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. Found onleaves. Minor pest. 32. Damage shownonpage flowers. Found onleavesand Minor pest. Found onleaves. Minor pest. 28. Damage shownonpage Found onleaves. female male 250 mm 100 mm 40 mm 50 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm Variegated hairy caterpillar ( varia) larva Bizarre looper(Eucyclodes pieroides) larva Hairyline blue butterflyHairyline (Erysichton lineata lineata) larva Brown looper(Lophodes sinistraria) larvae immature mature

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 30. Damage shownonpage sionally flowersandnuts. Found on leaves and occa- Minor pest. 28. Damage shownonpage casionally flowers. Found onleavesandoc- Minor pest. 94. Damage shownonpage Found onflowers. Minor pest. 32. Damage shownonpage Found onleavesandnuts. mature 100 mm 120 mm 60 mm 20 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 179 181 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 182 184 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas) larva Coccinellid ladybird larvae Sigastus weevil (Sigastus sp.) larva Flower looper(Gymnoscelis subrufata) larva caterpillar flower larva syrphid fly larva

beneficial beneficial pest pest and flowercaterpilllar. Predator ofaphids, thrips Found mainlyonflowers. Predator offeltedcoccid. and branches. Found mainlyonleaves cant damage. where itcancausesignifi- of the Atherton Tableland, Confined toasmallarea 152. Damage shownonpage Found innuts. Minor pest. 96. Damage shownonpage Found onflowers. 20 mm 30 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 5 mm 182 184 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas) larva Coccinellid ladybird larvae Sigastus weevil (Sigastus sp.) larva Flower looper(Gymnoscelis subrufata) larva caterpillar flower larva syrphid fly larva

beneficial beneficial pest pest Predator offeltedcoccid. and branches. Found mainlyonleaves and flowercaterpilllar. Predator ofaphids, thrips Found mainlyonflowers. cant damage. where itcancausesignifi- of the Atherton Tableland, Confined toasmallarea 152. Damage shownonpage Found innuts. Minor pest. 96. Damage shownonpage Found onflowers. 20 mm 30 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 5 mm ieri) larva ieri) larva Predatory mealybug ladybird (Cryptolaemus montrouz- Wasp ectoparasite larva Brown lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae) larva Lacewing (Mallada signata) larva ectoparasite larva flower caterpillar larva

beneficial beneficial beneficial beneficial caterpillar. External parasiteof flower Found onflowers. pests, particularlyaphids. General predatorofmost Found anywhereontree. pillars andthrips. mealybugs, scales,cater- pests, particularlyaphids, General predatorofmost Found anywhereontree. mealybug. Predator ofhibiscus Found anywhereontree. 20 mm 20 mm 20 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 5 mm 183 185 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) 188 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 186 bug identifier – grubs and caterpillars (larvae) Macadamia leafminer (Acrocercops chionosema) moth Macadamia twig-girdler (Neodrepta luteotactella) moth Wasp ectoparasite larva Elachertus ectoparasite larvae ectoparasite ectoparasite larva larva nutborer larva leafminer larva

pest pest beneficial beneficial elevated rainforestareas. Occasionally importantin 10 and140. Damage shownonpages orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein nurseries andyoung trees. May beamajor pest in Damage shownon page8. chard (dayflying). Found anywhereinor- leafminer. External parasiteof Found onleaves. nutborer. External parasiteof Found mainlyonnuts. 20 mm 50 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 2 mm 4 mm gypsa) moth gypsa) hemi- (Cryptoblabes caterpillar flower Macadamia Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) moth Cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas diovis) Kernel grub(Assara seminivale) moth male female male female

pest pest pest pest Major pest. 80. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- Major pest. 106. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- Minor pest. 138. Damage shownon page orchard (dayflying). Found anywherein occasions. Can beamajorpeston 132. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- 80 mm 40 mm 50 mm 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 189 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 187 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 190 192 bug identifier – moths and butterflies bug identifier – moths and butterflies Variegated hairy caterpillar () moth Doubleheaded hawk moth(Coequosa triangularis) Orange fruitborer () moth Pencilled blue butterfly (Candalides absimilis)

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 28. Damage shownon page orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein Minor pest. orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein Minor pestinnurseries. 26. Damage shownonpage orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein Minor pest. 30 and144. Damage shownonpages orchard (dayflying). Found anywherein 150 mm 200 mm 40 mm 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm gypsa) moth gypsa) hemi- (Cryptoblabes caterpillar flower Macadamia Macadamia nutborer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) moth Cornelian butterfly (Deudorix epijarbas diovis) Kernel grub(Assara seminivale) moth male female male female

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 138. Damage shownon page orchard (dayflying). Found anywherein occasions. Can beamajorpeston 132. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- Major pest. 80. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- Major pest. 106. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- 80 mm 40 mm 50 mm 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 189 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 187 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 190 192 bug identifier – moths and butterflies bug identifier – moths and butterflies Variegated hairy caterpillar (Anthela varia) moth Doubleheaded hawk moth(Coequosa triangularis) Orange fruitborer (Isotenes miserana) moth Pencilled blue butterfly (Candalides absimilis)

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 28. Damage shownon page orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein Minor pest. orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein Minor pestinnurseries. 26. Damage shownonpage orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein Minor pest. 30 and144. Damage shownonpages orchard (dayflying). Found anywherein 150 mm 200 mm 40 mm 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm Yellow peach moth(Dichocrocis punctiferalis) blue butterflyHairyline (Erysichton lineata lineata) Macadamia cup moth(Comana fasciata) Brown looper(Lophodes sinistraria) moth female male male

pest pest pest pest Minor pest. 124. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- Minor pest. 94. Damage shownonpage orchard (dayflying). Found anywherein Minor pest. 28. Damage shownon page chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- Minor pest. 32. Damage shownonpage chard (nightflying). Found anywhereinor- 100 mm 80 mm 50 mm 50 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 193 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 191 bug identifier – moths and butterflies 196 bug identifier – bugs and beetles 194 bug identifier – moths and butterflies ica) Leptocoris bug (Leptocoris rufomarginata andL.tagal- Redshouldered leaf beetle (Monolepta australis) Mango planthopper (Colgaroides acuminata) Bizarre looper(Eucyclodes pieroides) moth male female

pest pest pest pest Major pestinsomeareas. 22 and86. Damage shownonpages and nuts. Found onleaves,flowers damage. capable ofsignificant Sporadic problem but 148. Damage shownonpage Found anywhereontree. little ifanydamage. Incidental insectcausing and nuts. Found onleaves,twigs Minor pest. 30. Damage shownonpage orchard (nightflying). Found anywherein 20 mm 30 mm 80 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm Hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) Green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula) Bananaspotting bug (Amblypelta lutescens lutescens) Fruitspotting bug (Amblypelta nitida) young nymph nymph young older nymph adult nymph adult adult nymph older

pest pest pest pest only. Major pestinQueensland 46 and102. Damage shownonpages tree. Found anywhereinthe northern NSW. damage, particularlyin capable ofsignificant Sporadic problembut 150. Damage shownonpage Found anywhereontree. Generally aminor pest. 36 and146. Damage shownon pages and nuts. Found onleaves,twigs Major pest. 102. Damage shownonpage tree. Found anywhereinthe 30 mm 10 mm 30 mm 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 195 197 bug identifier – bugs and beetles bug identifier – bugs and beetles Bananaspotting bug (Amblypelta lutescens lutescens) Fruitspotting bug (Amblypelta nitida) nymph young adult nymph adult nymph older

pest pest only. Major pestinQueensland 46 and102. Damage shownonpages tree. Found anywhereinthe Major pest. 102. Damage shownonpage tree. Found anywhereinthe 30 mm 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm

195 bug identifier – bugs and beetles 200 bug identifier – bugs and beetles 198 bug identifier – bugs and beetles Assassin bug (Pristhesancus plagipennis) Predatory miridbug Lace bug (Ulonemia sp.) Cicada (Psaltoda sp.) adult nymphal cases caterpillar prey

beneficial beneficial pest pest pillars and thrips. mealybugs, scales,cater- pests, particularly aphids, General predatorofmost Found anywhereontree. pillar. Predator offlowercater- Found inflowers. Minor pest. 98. Damage shownonpage occasionally leaves. Found onflowersand individual trees. of significantdamagein Sporadic, butcapable Damage onpage34. Adults foundanywhere. on trunksandbranches. Nymphal casesfound adult 40 mm 80 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 5 mm Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor) Sigastus weevil (Sigastus sp.) Predatory mealybug ladybird (Cryptolaemus mon- (Cryptolaemus ladybird mealybug Predatory Predatory ladybird beetles nymph adult

beneficial beneficial pest pest little ornodamage. Incidental insectcausing Found inflowers. the Atherton Tableland. damage inasmallareaof Can causesignificant Damage onpage152. but mainlyonnuts. Found anywhereintree mealybug. Predator ofhibiscus Found anywhereontree. aphids. General predatorof Found anywhereontree. trouzieri) 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 199 201 bug identifier – bugs and beetles bug identifier – bugs and beetles 202 204 bug identifier – flies and wasps bug identifier – bugs and beetles Lacewing (Mallada signata) Native bee(Trigona sp.) Mirid bug (Taylorilygus pallidulus)

beneficial beneficial beneficial pillars and thrips. mealybugs, scales,cater- pests, particularly aphids, General predatorofmost Found anywhereontree. ers. Major pollinatorofflow- Found inflowers. pollen andnectar and eggs,feederon Predator ofsmallinsects Found mainlyinflowers. 20 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 5 mm Honey bee(Apis Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera Trissolcus wasp (Trissolcus basilis) Syrphid fly (Melanastoma agrolas) mellifera)

beneficial beneficial beneficial pest tryoni) ers. Major pollinatorofflow- Found inflowers. sheltering intrees. macadamia); oftenseen Pest ofothercrops(not Found anywhereontree. vegetable bug. Parasite ofeggsgreen Found anywhereontree. thrips. Predator ofaphids and Found mainlyonflowers. 20 mm 20 mm 15 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 5 mm 205 203 bug identifier – flies and wasps bug identifier – flies and wasps 208 bug identifier – spiders and ants 206 bug identifier – flies and wasps Jumping spider (Opisthoncus sp.) Crab spider (Diaea sp.) Paper wasps (Polistes humilis) Tachinid fly (Argyrophylax proclinata)

beneficial beneficial beneficial beneficial of pests. Predator ofawide range Found anywhereontree. of pests. Predator ofawiderange Found anywhereontree. particularly caterpillars. General predatorofpests, nests. as individualwaspsorin Found anywhereontree moth. Parasite ofyellowpeach Found anywhereontree. 20 mm 30 mm 20 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 208 bug identifier – spiders and ants 206 bug identifier – flies and wasps Jumping spider (Opisthoncus sp.) Crab spider (Diaea sp.) Paper wasps (Polistes humilis) Tachinid fly (Argyrophylax proclinata)

beneficial beneficial beneficial beneficial of pests. Predator ofawide range Found anywhereontree. of pests. Predator ofawiderange Found anywhereontree. particularly caterpillars. General predatorofpests, nests. as individualwaspsorin Found anywhereontree moth. Parasite ofyellowpeach Found anywhereontree. 20 mm 30 mm 20 mm 10 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm Lynx spider (Oxyopes sp.) Coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala) and common names scientific names Index to

beneficial beneficialpest of pests. Predator ofawiderange Found anywhereontree. driving off predators. for honeydewsecretions, mealybugs andaphids into thetreeand‘farm’ May carrymealybugs Found anywhereontree. 30 mm 0 mm 0 mm 6 mm 209 207 bug identifier – spiders and ants Scientific names N Rutherglen bug 199 A Cryptophlebia ombrodelta L Polyphagotarsonemus latus 107, 109, 158, 173, 187 19, 93, 131, 167 nitrogen deficiency 41 S Acrocercops chionosema Lepidosaphes macadamiae Pristhesancus plagipennis nut stemborer 139, 163 9, 175, 188 15, 161 salt 45 D 165, 200 nutborer 115, 165, 170, 186 Amblypelta lutescens lutescens Leptocoris rufomarginata scale 183 Deudorix epijarbas diovis Psaltoda sp. 35, 198 parasite 171 47, 103, 105, 159 149, 196 insects 117 139, 176, 189 Pseudaulacaspis brimblecombei nuts, early germination 121 Amblypelta nitida Leptocoris tagalica 149, 196 latania 172 Diaea sp. 208 15, 117, 161 103, 105, 159, 195 Lophodes sinistraria O long soft 162 Dichocrocis punctiferalis Pseudocercospora macadamiae Anaxidea lozogramma 29, 177 33, 181, 193 macadamia mussel 15, 161 125, 175, 191 111 oleander scale 15, 162 Apis mellifera 203 oleander 162 Dothiorella ribis 51 open micropyle 137 Armillaria luteobubalina 49 M predator 200, 204 R orange fruitborer 27, 177, 190 Aspidiotus nerii 15, 162 Maconellicoccus hirsutus shrivelled kernel 127 E Ralstonia solanacearum 53 Assara seminivale 133, 174, 189 37, 147, 197 Sigastus weevil 153, 182, 199 Elachertus ectoparasite 171, 186 P Mallada signata 164, 183, 204 sooty mould 21, 147 Elachertus sp. 171, 186 S B Melanastoma agrolas pale shells 127 spiders Eriococcus ironsidei 13, 89, 159 Scirtothrips sp. 17, 85, 129, 166 Bactrocera tryoni 203 165, 184, 205 paper wasps 206 crab 208 Erysichton lineata lineata Scolothrips sexmaculatus 170 Botrytis cinerea 83 Micromus tasmaniae 183 pencilled blue butterfly jumping 208 95, 163, 181, 191 Selenothrips rubrocinctus Brevipalpus lewisi 131, 168 Monolepta australis 23, 87, 196 31, 145, 176, 190 lynx 207 Eucyclodes pieroides 129, 167 Phytoseiid predatory mite 169 spotting bug C 31, 179, 194 N Sigastus sp. 153, 182, 199 pigs 135 egg parasite 171 Candalides absimilis G Neodrepta luteotactella T Pinks disease 51 spray damage 43, 91, 143 31, 145, 176, 190 11, 141, 174, 188 predatory ladybird beetles 201 stemborer 139 Gymnoscelis subrufata 97, 182 Taylorilygus pallidulus 202 Coccinellid ladybird larvae 184 Nezara viridula 151, 160, 197 predatory thrips 170 sticktight 107, 109, 123 Toxoptera citricida 21, 101, 168 Coccus longulus 15, 162 Nysius vinitor 199 premature nut drop 115 Stilbella fungus 119 H Trichogrammatoidea spp. 170 Coequosa triangularis prominent suture 149 syrphid fly 165, 184, 205 Heliothrips haemorrhoidatis Trigona sp. 204 31, 180, 192 O 129, 166 Trissolcus basilis 205 Q T Colgaroides acuminata Oiketicus elongatus 29, 178 Hemiberlesia lataniae 164, 169, 194 33, 180 Queensland fruit fly 203 Tachinid fly 206 15, 117, 160 U Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Opisthoncus sp. 208 tall tree syndrome 71 Ulonemia sp. 99, 198 119 I Oxyopes sp. 207 R thrips 129, 183 Comana fasciata 29, 178, 193 flower 129 Iridomyrmex purpureus 79 P raceme blight 83 Corticium salmonicolor 51 greenhouse 129, 166 Isotenes miserana 27, 177, 190 rat damage 113 Cryptoblabes hemigypsa Paranepsia amydra redbanded thrips 129, 167 predator 165, 169, 184, 200, 81, 158, 173, 187 65, 139, 163 K redshouldered leaf beetle 204, 205 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Pheidole megacephala 207 predatory 170 Kretzschmaria cetrarioides 79 23, 87, 196 147, 185, 201 Phytophthora cinnamomi 7 root and trunk disease 79 redbanded 129, 167 Polistes humilis 206 214 tip borer 65 210 211

Common names

A C 159, 165, 195 long soft scale 15, 162 Lycaenid butterfly 163 adhering husk 137 caterpillar 29, 183, 206 G lynx spider 207 algal leaf spot 63 brown tufted 180 glyphosate 25 damage 135 flower 185, 200 M graft incompatibility 77 ant 20 macadamia flower green vegetable bug macadamia cup moth 178 coastal brown 207 158, 173, 187 151, 160, 197, 205 macadamia felted coccid 13, 89, meat 79 predator 200, 204 greenhouse thrips 129, 166 159 anthracnose 119 variegated hairy 179, 192 grey blight 83 macadamia flower caterpillar 81, aphid 183, 207 chimera 77 158, 173, 187 black citrus 21, 101, 168 cicada 35, 198 H macadamia leafminer predator 165, 184, 200, 201, citrus flat mite 131, 168 9, 175, 188 204, 205 coastal brown ant 207 hail damage 67, 141 macadamia mussel scale 15, 161 Armillaria root rot 49 Coccinellid ladybird larvae 184 hairyline blue butterfly macadamia nutborer assassin bug 165, 200 cold damage 73 95, 163, 181, 191 107, 109, 158, 173, 187 copper deficiency 69 heat stress 39 macadamia twig-girdler B Cornelian butterfly herbicides 25, 43 desiccant 91 11, 141, 174, 188 bacterial wilt 53 139, 176, 189 hibiscus mealybug macadamia white scale 117, 161 bagworm 29 cracked shells 123 37, 147, 185, 197, 201 magnesium deficiency 57 bananaspotting bug 47, 103, 105, cup moth 29, 177, 193 husk rot disease 119 manganese toxicity 67 159, 165, 195 D husk spot 111, 115 mango planthopper bee 164, 169, 194 honey 203 doubleheaded hawk moth I mealybug 37, 183, 207 native 204 31, 180, 192 hibiscus 197 bizarre looper 31, 179, 194 iron deficiency 55 E predator 200, 204 black citrus aphid 21, 101, 168 K mealybug ladybird black shells 127 torelliana 23, 87 146, 185, 201 blossom blight 83 early germination of nuts 121 kernel grub 133, 174, 189 meat ants 79 boron deficiency 59 mirid bug 200, 202 L boron toxicity 61 F mistletoe infestation 65 branch dieback 51 lace bug 99, 198 mite broad mite 19, 93, 131, 167 felted coccid predator 184 lacewing 164, 183, 204 broad 19, 93, 131, 167 brown lacewing larvae 183 fire burn damage 75 ladybird 146 citrus flat 131, 168 brown looper 33, 181, 193 flower caterpillar 81, 185, 200 large bagworm 178 predators 169 brown tufted caterpillar 33, 180 flower looper 97, 182 flower thrips 17, 85, 129, 166 latania scale 15, 117, 160, 172 Monolepta beetle 23, 87 frost damage 73, 93 leafminer 186 212 fruitspotting bug 103, 105, 115, lichen infestation 63 213 N Rutherglen bug 199 tree decline 5, 115 L Polyphagotarsonemus latus Trichogrammatoidea wasp 170 19, 93, 131, 167 nitrogen deficiency 41 S Trissolcus wasp 205 Lepidosaphes macadamiae Pristhesancus plagipennis nut stemborer 139, 163 trunk canker disease 7 15, 161 salt 45 165, 200 nutborer 115, 165, 170, 186 Leptocoris rufomarginata scale 183 Psaltoda sp. 35, 198 parasite 171 V 149, 196 insects 117 Pseudaulacaspis brimblecombei nuts, early germination 121 Leptocoris tagalica 149, 196 latania 172 variegated hairy caterpillar 15, 117, 161 Lophodes sinistraria O long soft 162 179, 192 Pseudocercospora macadamiae 33, 181, 193 macadamia mussel 15, 161 vining disorder 71 111 oleander scale 15, 162 oleander 162 M open micropyle 137 predator 200, 204 W R orange fruitborer 27, 177, 190 Maconellicoccus hirsutus shrivelled kernel 127 wasp ectoparasite 172, 185, 186 Ralstonia solanacearum 53 37, 147, 197 P Sigastus weevil 153, 182, 199 water stress 91, 143 Mallada signata 164, 183, 204 S sooty mould 21, 147 white scale 15 Melanastoma agrolas pale shells 127 spiders witch’s broom 25 Scirtothrips sp. 17, 85, 129, 166 165, 184, 205 paper wasps 206 crab 208 Scolothrips sexmaculatus 170 Micromus tasmaniae 183 pencilled blue butterfly jumping 208 Y Selenothrips rubrocinctus 31, 145, 176, 190 lynx 207 Monolepta australis 23, 87, 196 yellow peach moth 129, 167 Phytoseiid predatory mite 169 spotting bug 125, 175, 191, 206 N Sigastus sp. 153, 182, 199 pigs 135 egg parasite 171 Neodrepta luteotactella T Pinks disease 51 spray damage 43, 91, 143 Z 11, 141, 174, 188 predatory ladybird beetles 201 stemborer 139 Taylorilygus pallidulus 202 Nezara viridula 151, 160, 197 predatory thrips 170 sticktight 107, 109, 123 zinc deficiency 59 Toxoptera citricida 21, 101, 168 Nysius vinitor 199 premature nut drop 115 Stilbella fungus 119 Trichogrammatoidea spp. 170 prominent suture 149 syrphid fly 165, 184, 205 O Trigona sp. 204 Trissolcus basilis 205 Q T Oiketicus elongatus 29, 178 Olene mendosa 33, 180 U Queensland fruit fly 203 Tachinid fly 206 Opisthoncus sp. 208 tall tree syndrome 71 Ulonemia sp. 99, 198 Oxyopes sp. 207 R thrips 129, 183 flower 129 P raceme blight 83 rat damage 113 greenhouse 129, 166 Paranepsia amydra redbanded thrips 129, 167 predator 165, 169, 184, 200, 65, 139, 163 redshouldered leaf beetle 204, 205 Pheidole megacephala 207 23, 87, 196 predatory 170 Phytophthora cinnamomi 7 root and trunk disease 79 redbanded 129, 167 Polistes humilis 206 214 tip borer 65 215 211