DOCSLIB.ORG

Managing Defense Procurement: the Role of United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Managing Defense Procurement: the Role of United States MANAGING DEFENSE PROCUREMENT: THE ROLE OF UNITED STATES SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND, CONGRESS, AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy by CAPTAIN THOMAS C. SASS, USN In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy JANUARY, 2012 Dissertation Committee PROFESSOR ROBERT PFALTZGRAFF, CHAIR PROFESSOR RICHARD SHULTZ PROFESSOR WILLIAM MARTEL Copyright 2012, CAPT Thomas Sass Thomas C. Sass 172 Claflin Street Belmont, Massachusetts 02478 [email protected] Education Tufts University, Fletcher School 2005 PhD (ABD) and Master of Law and Diplomacy Fields of Study: International Business, International Relations and Negotiation Dissertation: Defense Procurement: Special Operations, Congress and Industry Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government 1998 Master of Public Administration Yale University, Yale College 1984 Bachelor of Arts in American Studies Armed Forces Staff College 2000 Norfolk VA, Joint Military Professional Education Phase II Defense Language Institute 1992 – Italian Publication Sass, Thomas C., ―Finding the Right Balance: Special Operations Forces as an Economy of Force Capability,‖ in Emily Spencer (ed.) Special Operations Forces: A National Capability (Kingston: CDA Press, 2011), 142-170. Career Summary Donovan Special Operations Chair and Military Operations Professor U.S. Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island 2007 – 2011 Commanding Officer, SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team ONE Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 2005-2007 The United States Navy SEAL Teams are the premier maritime Special Operations Force in the world. Responsive, versatile and effective; they deploy globally to conduct the most important missions for the defense of the United States of America under the most extreme conditions. Multiple Domestic, Foreign and Deployed Operational and Staff Tours as US Navy SEAL Domestic, Foreign and Deployed Assignments, 1988-2005 iii Merchant, Cargill Inc. Minneapolis, Minnesota; Kansas City, Missouri; and Houston, Texas 1984-1987 Honors - US Navy Political-Military Masters and A.S. Moreau Post-Masters Scholarships - Weschler Award for Inspirational Teaching and Innovation, US Naval War College - Honor Man, US Navy Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL Training, Class # 151 iv Abstract The Nunn-Cohen Amendment to the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act created the United States Special Operations Command, or USSOCOM. This structural change to the Department of Defense pulled Special Operations Forces, or SOF, out from underneath the purview of the military services and provided it with an institutional organization that could advocate for SOF operational concerns and resource requirements within the defense bureaucracy at the national policy level. Congress provided USSOCOM with unique authorities and resources that enabled it to develop and procure special operations peculiar capabilities within the defense structure that is organized around the military services. Resource Based Theory, a strategic management theory, is introduced into public management as an alternative to traditional capital investment theories in the context of resource constraints. The study tests Resource Based Theory‘s ability as an analytical framework to explain USSOCOM‘s bureaucratic actions while developing and procuring Special Operations peculiar capabilities. It examines the case of the dry combatant submersible and the relationship between USSOCOM, Naval Special Warfare, the maritime Special Operations Forces component, the United States Navy, the Submarine Force naval component, the Department of Defense (DoD), Congress and the defense industry. This study finds that the distinctive competencies of service components linked together across organizational lines serve as the source of competitive advantage. They also serve as potential sources of cooperation, vice competition, in resource allocation. Conversely, the higher level objectives of the principal organizational stake holders inform prioritization of resources and generate organizational conflict within DoD. The study also illustrates the effect of organizational innovation within DoD. USSOCOM expands technological choice and expands the industrial base of the defense industry. Finally, although the military services continue to dominate the defense establishment, when USSOCOM focuses on a distinctive competency and intervenes across the entire decision making process it is effective at leveraging its unique authorities to develop and procure special operations peculiar capabilities. v Acknowledgements This dissertation is dedicated my family, my students, and the warriors of the United States Navy and the United States Special Operations Forces. You inspired me to complete this project. I would like to thank and express my sincere gratitude to all those who helped me along the way. I could have not done this without your help and cooperation. vi Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 The Context and Problem ............................................................................................... 2 The Research Questions .................................................................................................. 8 Significance of Research Questions .............................................................................. 10 Methodology and Research Design .............................................................................. 13 Case Study Selection..................................................................................................... 16 Hypotheses .................................................................................................................... 18 Hypothesis one .......................................................................................................... 18 Hypothesis two.......................................................................................................... 19 Hypothesis three........................................................................................................ 19 Brief Literature Summary ............................................................................................. 19 Dissertation Roadmap ................................................................................................... 20 Chapter Two: Literature and Theory Review ............................................................................................. 22 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 22 Military Capabilities and the Defense Establishment ................................................... 23 Industry and Government Relationship ........................................................................ 37 Special Operations Theory and History ........................................................................ 49 The Joint Strategic Planning Process ............................................................................ 54 Theory Review .............................................................................................................. 65 Organizational and Bureaucratic Politics Models ..................................................... 65 Rational Choice Theory ............................................................................................ 76 Innovation ................................................................................................................. 78 vii Strategic Management‘s Resource Based Theory..................................................... 83 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 93 Chapter Three: Dry Combatant Submersibles ............................................................................................ 96 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 96 The Structure and Process ............................................................................................. 97 The Dry Combatant Submersible: Relevant Historical Context ................................. 100 USSOCOM and Dry Combatant Submersibles .......................................................... 111 The Advanced SEAL Delivery System or ASDS ....................................................... 117 ASDS Phase I .......................................................................................................... 122 ASDS Phase II: Manufacturing and Engineering Development ............................. 125 ASDS Phase III ....................................................................................................... 131 Phase IV: ASDS to JMMS ...................................................................................... 137 JMMS to S301 ........................................................................................................ 143 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 158 Chapter Four: Case Study Analysis .......................................................................................................... 160 Introduction ................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • U.S. Navy Diver
    U.S. Navy Diver Requirements, Training and Rate Information for Navy Diver (ND) Updated: May 2016 Job Description: Navy Diver’s (ND) conduct and supervise diving operations using all types of underwater breathing apparatus which include open circuit SCUBA, closed and semi­closed mixed gas underwater breathing apparatus, surface supplied air and mixed gas diving systems and equipment and saturation diving systems. Their duties include use of explosive demolitions, small arms proficiency and (command specific) parachute operations. The NAVY DIVER (ND) rating performs multiple missions depending on the command a member is assigned. Salvage Operations: Navy Divers perform open ocean, harbor and combat/expeditionary ​ salvage operations. These operations are conducted in water up to 300 feet deep and range from salvaging entire ships and aircraft to recovering debris spread over miles of ocean floor using state of the art mixed­gas diving systems, high­tech ROV equipment and explosives for clearing channels and waterways. Battle Damage and Ship Repair Operations: Highly ​ complex underwater repairs to surface ships and submarines is a mainstay of the Navy Diver. Ships damaged in battle or requiring maintenance must be fixed to keep the fleet operational. From placing cofferdams for flood prevention during repairs to replacing 80 ton ship propellers, if it's under the waterline, Navy Divers are called to complete the job. Battle Damage and Ship repair operations require the use of state of the art diving equipment, underwater cutting and welding, Non­Destructive testing, digital video equipment, complex rigging operations, hydraulic tool systems and precision demolition materials. Special Warfare Supporting Operations: A growing area of the ​ Navy Diving field is supporting the underwater operations of the SO and EOD communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silent Sentinel Would Like to Wish Our Jewish Readers L'shana Tova
    The Silent Sentinel, October 2011 Page 1 American Submariners Inc. Non-Profit Org. 4370 Twain Ave. U.S. Postage Paid San Diego, CA 92120-3404 Permit No. 445 Chula Vista, CA RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED The Silent Sentinel October 2011 Our Creed and Purpose To perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the pursuit of their duties while serving their country. That their dedication, deeds, and supreme sacrifice be a constant source of motivation toward greater accomplishments. Pledge loyalty and patriotism to the United States of America and its Constitution. In addition to perpetuating the memory of departed shipmates, we shall provide a way for all Submariners to gather for the mutual benefit and enjoyment. Our common heritage as Submariners shall be Strengthened by camaraderie. We support a strong U.S. Submarine Force. The organization will engage in various projects and deeds that will bring about the perpetual remembrance of those shipmates who have given the supreme sacrifice. The organization will also endeavor to educate all third parties it comes in contact with about the services our submarine brothers performed and how their sacrifices made possible the freedom and lifestyle we enjoy today. The Silent Sentinel would like to wish our Jewish readers L'Shana Tova. A Happy and Healthy New Year, 5772. Page 2 The Silent Sentinel, October 2011 U.S. Submarine Veterans San Diego Base Base Commander Membership -- Change of Address Treasurer Bob Bissonnette Ron Gorence David Ball 1525 Walbollen Street 2563 Roseview Place 3804 Wildwood Road Spring Valley, CA 91977 San Diego, CA 92105 San Diego, CA 92107-3750 (H) 619-644-8993 Home--(619) 264-6995.
    [Show full text]
  • And Financial Implications of Unmanned
    Disruptive Innovation and Naval Power: Strategic and Financial Implications of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) and Long-term Underwater Power Sources MASSACHUsf TTT IMef0hrE OF TECHNOLOGY by Richard Winston Larson MAY 0 8 201 S.B. Engineering LIBRARIES Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012 Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2014 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2014. All rights reserved. 2) Author Dep.atment of Mechanical Engineering nuaryL5.,3014 Certified by.... Y Douglas P. Hart Professor of Mechanical Engineering Tbesis Supervisor A ccepted by ....................... ........ David E. Hardt Ralph E. and Eloise F. Cross Professor of Mechanical Engineering 2 Disruptive Innovation and Naval Power: Strategic and Financial Implications of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) and Long-term Underwater Power Sources by Richard Winston Larson Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on January 15, 2014, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Abstract The naval warfare environment is rapidly changing. The U.S. Navy is adapting by continuing its blue-water dominance while simultaneously building brown-water ca- pabilities. Unmanned systems, such as unmanned airborne drones, are proving piv- otal in facing new battlefield challenges. Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are emerging as the Navy's seaborne equivalent of the Air Force's drones. Representing a low-end disruptive technology relative to traditional shipborne operations, UUVs are becoming capable of taking on increasingly complex roles, tipping the scales of battlefield entropy. They improve mission outcomes and operate for a fraction of the cost of traditional operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographical Data
    Biographical Data Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Houston, Texas 77058 Space Administration January 2016 CHRISTOPHER J. CASSIDY (CAPTAIN, U.S. NAVY) NASA ASTRONAUT Video Q&A with Christopher PERSONAL DATA: Born in 1970 in Salem, Massachusetts. Considers York, Maine, to be his hometown. EDUCATION: Graduated from York High School, York, Maine; completed Naval Academy Prep School, Newport, Rhode Island, 1989; received a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics, U.S. Naval Academy, 1993; received a Master of Science in Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000, Honorary PHD from Hussein University, 2015. ORGANIZATIONS: U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alumni Association; Fraternal Order of Underwater Demoliton Team (UDT)/Sea, Air, Land Team (SEAL) Association. Click photo for downloadable high-res version SPECIAL HONORS: Honor graduate of Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) Class 192; awarded the Bronze Star with combat ‘V’ and Presidential Unit Citation for leading a nine-day operation at the Zharwar Kili cave complex on the Afghanistan/Pakistan border; guest speaker at the U.S. Naval Academy Combat Leadership Seminar, 2003 & 2004; awarded a second Bronze Star for combat leadership service in Afghanistan, 2004; Recipient of NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal. Finisher in the Ironman World Championship triathlon in Kona, Hawaii, 2014. MILITARY EXPERIENCE: Ten years as a member of the U.S. Navy SEALs Team. He made four six-month deployments: two to Afghanistan, and two to the Mediterranean. Cassidy served as Executive Officer and Operations Officer of Special Boat Team Twenty in Norfolk, Virginia, and SEAL platoon commander at SEAL Team THREE in Coronado, California.
    [Show full text]
  • Hearing National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Committee on Armed S
    i [H.A.S.C. No. 113–89] HEARING ON NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2015 AND OVERSIGHT OF PREVIOUSLY AUTHORIZED PROGRAMS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES HEARING ON FISCAL YEAR 2015 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BUDGET REQUEST FROM THE U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND AND THE POSTURE OF THE U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES HEARING HELD MARCH 13, 2014 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 87–621 WASHINGTON : 2014 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, http://bookstore.gpo.gov. For more information, contact the GPO Customer Contact Center, U.S. Government Printing Office. Phone 202–512–1800, or 866–512–1800 (toll-free). E-mail, [email protected]. SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, EMERGING THREATS AND CAPABILITIES MAC THORNBERRY, Texas, Chairman JEFF MILLER, Florida JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island JOHN KLINE, Minnesota SUSAN A. DAVIS, California BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia RICHARD B. NUGENT, Florida ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana TRENT FRANKS, Arizona DANIEL B. MAFFEI, New York DUNCAN HUNTER, California DEREK KILMER, Washington CHRISTOPHER P. GIBSON, New York JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri SCOTT H. PETERS, California JOSEPH J. HECK, Nevada PETER VILLANO, Professional Staff Member MARK LEWIS, Professional Staff Member JULIE HERBERT, Clerk (II) C O N T E N T S CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF HEARINGS 2014 Page HEARING: Thursday, March 13, 2014, Fiscal Year 2015 National Defense Authorization Budget Request from the U.S. Special Operations Command and the Pos- ture of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Navy RPA Comments- Through 12/18/2020
    Navy RPA Comments- through 12/18/2020 I object to the Navy’s proposal to use our State Parks for training. There are serious problems with the proposal. Allowing the Navy to use our State Parks for training would further militarize our society, taking over a large number of parks (29) for military training. We use our parks for peace, solitude, getting back to nature, getting in tune with our family and ourselves. There is no need to use these spaces. Stop, just stop. This is a terrible idea. I firmly object. This is wrong. Stop.1 The Navy has and continues to destroy our state and national parks, our homes, environment, wildlife and communities with toxic jet noise and war games. Our State Parks are for us the Citizens, not military war games. Just say no to the Bullish Toxic Navy.2 I OBJECT to the Navy’s proposal to use our State Parks for training! There are serious problems with the proposal. Allowing the Navy to use our State Parks for training would further militarize our society, taking over a large number of parks (29) for military training. One of the key responsibilities for civil authorities is to tell the military when enough is enough. Just say NO to using public parks for military training!3 In these days of great division in our civil society, we don't need stealthy men in camo uniforms toting toy guns around our State and County Parks. People frequent parks to escape tension, not to encounter more. Keep the Navy commando training out of our parks!4 Please don’t let the military train in our parks.5 I am vehemently opposed to allowing military training in our 29 public parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Unclassified Unclassified
    UNCLASSIFIED Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: FY 2018 United States Special Operations Command Date: May 2017 Appropriation/Budget Activity R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) 0400: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Defense-Wide / BA 7: PE 1160483BB / Maritime Systems Operational Systems Development Prior FY 2018 FY 2018 FY 2018 Cost To Total COST ($ in Millions) Years FY 2016 FY 2017 Base OCO Total FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Complete Cost Total Program Element 288.199 57.544 54.577 42.315 - 42.315 20.457 15.275 13.455 8.351 Continuing Continuing S0417: Underwater Systems 270.558 50.442 50.150 35.114 - 35.114 16.109 8.746 6.809 4.694 Continuing Continuing S1684: Surface Craft 17.641 7.102 4.427 7.201 - 7.201 4.348 6.529 6.646 3.657 Continuing Continuing A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification This program element provides for engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) of Special Operations Forces (SOF) Surface and Undersea Mobility platforms. This program element also provides for pre-acquisition activities to quickly respond to new requirements for SOF surface and undersea mobility, looking at multiple alternatives to include cross-platform technical solutions, service-common solutions, Commercial-Off-The-Shelf technologies, and new development efforts. The Underwater Systems project provides for EMD of combat submersibles, SOF operator diving systems, underwater support systems, and underwater equipment. This project also provides for pre-acquisition activities (materiel solutions analysis, advanced component and prototype development) to respond to emergent requirements. These submersibles, equipment, and diving systems are used by SOF in the conduct of infiltration/extraction, personnel/material recovery, hydrographic/ inland reconnaissance, beach obstacle clearance, underwater ship attack, and other missions.
    [Show full text]
  • (Chelonia Mydas) in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Assessing temporal and spatial patterns in habitat use of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Ana Rita Marcelino Teresa Mestrado em Biologia da Conservação Dissertação orientada por: Professor Doutor Tiago A. Marques Doutor Sean F. Hanser 2021 Acknowledgments Personally, I wish to thank everyone whose assistance was essential to the development of this thesis. I am extremely thankful to my professor and supervisor Tiago Marques, who started by proposing this Hawaiian marine turtle data, which would one day become my thesis. I want to thank you for all the encouragement, permanent support and scientific guidance you have provided during this time as your student. Your enthusiasm and constant motivation words were precious, thank you! I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Sean Hanser, for all the support given during this path. Thank you very much for your wonderful advices and guidance, which helped me through all of this thesis. I would like to express a special appreciation to Andrew DiMatteo, Marta Rufino and Soraia Pereira, for advices provided that enriched this work. I also want to thank all the professors that inspired me during my academic life. A realização deste trabalho não teria sido possível sem a motivação das pessoas que me são mais queridas. Como tal, quero agradecer à minha família e aos meus amigos. À minha família e, em especial, à minha mãe e avós, por todo o incentivo e carinho durante este percurso. Sempre me ouviram, se preocuparam e mostraram interesse pelo meu trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • Win Transform People SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES
    UNCLASSIFIED SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES INDUSTRY CONFERENCE Win Transform People CAPT Kate Dolloff Program Executive Officer – Maritime PEO PORTFOLIO REVIEW UNCLASSIFIED DISTRIBUTION A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE UNCLASSIFIED Program Executive Office – Maritime • PEO Opening Comments and Portfolio Overview • PM Surface Systems • PM Combat Diving • PMS Naval Special Warfare • PMS SOF Mobility • PM Undersea Systems • S&T and R&D Interests • Open Forum Questions UNCLASSIFIED DISTRIBUTION A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2 UNCLASSIFIED Program Executive Office – Maritime CAPTAIN BRIAN OLAVIN CAPTAIN KATE DOLLOFF CAPTAIN JOHN NEWTON CCA CCH CCM DDS CCFLIR SOCR DCS LVADS Technical MPE Support SDV DCS SWCS COMMANDER KEITH OSWALD Combat Diving CAPTAIN CHAD MUSE MR JIM KNUDSON UNCLASSIFIED DISTRIBUTION A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 3 UNCLASSIFIED Program Executive Office – Maritime UNDERSEA SYSTEMS SURFACE SYSTEMS Combatant Craft Assault Combatant Craft Heavy SEAL Delivery Vehicle Dry Deck Shelter Special Operations Craft - Riverine Combatant Craft Medium Mark 1 Shallow Water Combat SOF Submersible Combat Diving Combatant Craft FLIR 2 Low Velocity Air Delivery Maritime Precision S351 Engagement Dry Combat Submersible UNCLASSIFIED DISTRIBUTION A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 4 UNCLASSIFIED Program Executive Office – Maritime 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 Thousands of of Thousands Dollars 0 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 RDT&E PROC PEO O&M WARCOM O&M TOTAL UNCLASSIFIED DISTRIBUTION A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 5 UNCLASSIFIED Program Executive
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-SOF Training Part 4: “Water”
    ISSUE SIXTY-SEVEN March 2008 Pre-SOF Training Part 4: “Water” Phase Robert Ord page 1 Nutrition The Teeter-Totter Nicole Carroll page 8 Technique Part 2: Q&A Greg Glassman page 9 Good Coach, Bad Coach Mark Eaton page 10 Mobility in Design A Portable Pull-Up Structure Doug Chapman page 11 Good Hormones, Bad Hormones The Energy Balance Equation Tony Leyland page 13 Getting Started in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Becca Borawski page 16 Scaling Down CrossFit Workouts with Rings Tyler Hass page 19 Pre-SOF Training Pat’s Oly Workout: Snatch page 22 Part 4: “Water” Phase Mike Burgener Robert Ord On the Safety and In the first block of our pre-SOF (Special Operations Forces) training program, Efficacy of Overhead known as Selection, trainees were introduced to the rigors of CrossFit combined Lifting with SOF-style training. During the “Indoc” phase, the slow and gradual ramping Greg Glassman, Mark Rippetoe, up of intensity allowed for bodies and minds to safely become accustomed to Lon Kilgore, Kelly Starrett, Daniel physical work efforts with short bursts of extreme workloads. In the second phase, Crumback, Paul Benfanti page 23 “Assessment,” the intensity was ratcheted up significantly and minimum standards were put in place to ensure that the trainees who were allowed to continue on in Media Tips, #1 Tony Budding training were strong enough to move into the more SOF-skills-oriented training of page 30 our second block, which we call Preparation. Speal on Wrestling continued page ... 2 Chris Spealler page 31 CrossFit Journal • Issue Sixty-Seven • March
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Systems
    UNCLASSIFIED Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2014 United States Special Operations Command DATE: April 2013 APPROPRIATION/BUDGET ACTIVITY R-1 ITEM NOMENCLATURE 0400: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Defense-Wide PE 1160483BB: Maritime Systems BA 7: Operational Systems Development FY 2014 COST ($ in Millions) All Prior FY 2014 FY 2014 Cost To Total Years FY 2012 FY 2013# Base OCO ## Total FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Complete Cost Total Program Element 73.568 66.657 26.405 18.325 - 18.325 43.795 15.931 2.343 2.375 Continuing Continuing S0417: Underwater Systems 73.568 66.657 26.405 13.738 - 13.738 33.401 11.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 224.790 S1684: Surface Craft - 0.000 0.000 4.587 - 4.587 10.394 4.910 2.343 2.375 Continuing Continuing # FY 2013 Program is from the FY 2013 President's Budget, submitted February 2012 ## The FY 2014 OCO Request will be submitted at a later date Note Beginning in FY 2014 Special Operations Forces (SOF) Underwater Systems represents the approved consolidation of SOF Surface Craft, Program Element (PE)1160484BB and SOF Underwater Systems, PE 1160483BB. The consolidated PE 1160483BB has been renamed Maritime Systems. A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification This consolidated PE provides for engineering & manufacturing development and operational development of SOF Surface and Undersea Mobility platforms. This program element also provides for pre-acquisition activities to quickly respond to new requirements for SOF surface and undersea mobility, looking at multiple alternatives to include cross-platform technical solutions, service common solutions, commercial off the shelf technologies and new development efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments, Volume 2, Chapter
    Military Diving Operations and Medical Support Chapter 31 MILITARY DIVING OPERATIONS AND MEDICAL SUPPORT † RICHARD D. VANN, PHD*; AND JAMES VOROSMARTI, JR, MD INTRODUCTION BREATH-HOLD DIVING CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OXYGEN TOXICITY IN COMBAT DIVERS UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS Open-Circuit Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus: The Aqualung Surface-Supplied Diving Closed-Circuit Oxygen Scuba Semiclosed Mixed-Gas Scuba Closed-Circuit, Mixed-Gas Scuba THE ROLE OF RESPIRATION IN DIVING INJURIES Carbon Dioxide Retention and Dyspnea Interactions Between Gases and Impaired Consciousness Individual Susceptibility to Impaired Consciousness DECOMPRESSION PROCEDURES No-Stop (No-Decompression) Dives In-Water Decompression Stops Surface Decompression Repetitive and Multilevel Diving Dive Computers Nitrogen–Oxygen Diving Helium–Oxygen and Trimix Diving Omitted Decompression Flying After Diving and Diving at Altitude The Safety of Decompression Practice SATURATION DIVING Atmospheric Control Infection Hyperbaric Arthralgia Depth Limits Decompression THERMAL PROTECTION AND BUOYANCY TREATMENT OF DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS AND ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM Therapy According to US Navy Treatment Tables Decompression Sickness in Saturation Diving MEDICAL STANDARDS FOR DIVING SUBMARINE RESCUE AND ESCAPE SUMMARY *Captain, US Navy Reserve (Ret); Divers Alert Network, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Box 3823, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 †Captain, Medical Corps, US Navy (Ret); Consultant in Occupational, Environmental, and Undersea Medicine, 16 Orchard Way South, Rockville, Maryland 20854 955 Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment INTRODUCTION Divers breathe gases and experience pressure land) teams and two SEAL delivery vehicle (SDV) changes that can cause different injuries from those teams. SEALs are trained for reconnaissance and encountered by most combatant or noncombatant direct action missions at rivers, harbors, shipping, military personnel.
    [Show full text]