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Keanekaragaman Bivalvia Di Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh Sebagai Penunjang Praktikum Ekologi Hewan

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Keanekaragaman Bivalvia Di Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh Sebagai Penunjang Praktikum Ekologi Hewan KEANEKARAGAMAN BIVALVIA DI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE KECAMATAN SYIAH KUALA KOTA BANDA ACEH SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PRAKTIKUM EKOLOGI HEWAN SKRIPSI Diajukan Oleh: SRI AFRRIYANTI NIM. 281324898 Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY DARUSSALAM – BANDA ACEH 2020 M/ 1441 H SRI AFRRIYANTI NIM. 281324898 Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi ii iii , iv ABSTRAK Bivalvia meupakan salah satu Kelas dari Filum Moluska. Bivalvia menempati habitat di dasar perairan yang berlumpur atau berpasir, beberapa hidup pada substrat yang lebih keras seperti lempeng kayu atau batu. Keanekaragaman Bivalvia di Ekosistem Mangrove dapat dijadikan referensi pada praktikum Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan pada materi fauna terestrial dan fauna perairan. Ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala merupakan salah satu habitat dari Bivalvia yang keanekaragamannya belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman Bivalvia dan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan hasil penelitian keanekaragaman Bivalvia di ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh Sebagai Penunjang Praktikum Mata Kuliah Ekologi Hewan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kombinasi transek garis dan transek kuadrat. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian dengan teknik purposive sampling. Lokasi pengambilan sampel terbagi dalam 4 stasiun, yaitu ekosistem mangrove Deah raya, ekosistem mangrove Rukoh, ekosistem mangrove Baet dan ekosistem mangrove di Tibang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat 11 jenis Bivalvia dari 6 Ordo, yaitu Arcoida, Veneroida, Anisomyria, Ostreoida, Venerida dan Cardiida. Keanekaragaman Bivalvia secara keseluruhan tergolong sedang dengan nilai Ĥ yaitu 1.204149758. Pemanfaatan hasil penelitian keanekaragaman Bivalvia di ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala sebagai penunjang praktikum Ekologi Hewan yaitu dalam bentuk buku saku. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah tingkat keanekaragaman tergolong sedang dan dihasilkan buku saku sebagai penunjang praktikum Ekologi Hewan. Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Bivalvia, Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala v KATA PENGANTAR Syukur Alhamdulillah penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan hidayat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan buku saku yang berjudul “Keanekaragaman Bivalvia di Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh”. Shalawat dan salam penulis hantarkan keharibaan Nabi besar Muhammmad SAW beserta keluarga dan sahabatnya sekalian. Penyusunan skripsi ini bertujuan melengkapi salah satu syarat, guna memperoleh gelar sarjana pada Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian penulisan skripsi ini. Ucapan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga penulis sampaikan kepada ; 1. Bapak Dr. Muslim Razali, S, M.Ag. selaku Dekan Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan. 2. Bapak Samsul Kamal, M.Pd selaku ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi dan selaku Pembimbing I yang telah meluangkan waktunya memberikan nasehat, saran kepada peneliti. 3. Bapak Rizky Ahadi, M.Pd selaku Pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktunya memberikan nasehat, saran kepada peneliti. 4. Bapak, ibu dosen serta staf pada Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry beserta asisten vi laboratorium yang telah membimbing penulis sejak awal perkuliahan hingga penulis menyelesaikan studi pada Program Pendidikan Biologi. 5. Ayahanda (Adi Sucipto), Ibunda (Saini), dan Abang (Mardiansyah), serta Adik (Muhammad Yusran Andika) dan Almarhumah nenek tercinta, atasA segala kasih sayang, semangat, dan cinta yang luar biasa serta doa yang selalu kalian panjatkanlah sehingga penulis berhasil menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Nurul Marhammah S.Pd selaku asisten laboratorium yang telah meluangkan waktunya untuk membantu dalam penelitian ini. 6. Sahabatku dari semester awal sampai akhir (As’ariah, Rizkina Fajriah, Nurul Fatma, dan Surfiana) yang telah banyak membantu dan memberi semangat kepada penulis, dan kepada semua teman-teman unit 3, sangat banyak sekali kenangan indah yang telah kita lalui bersama dan kepada semua teman-teman angkatan 2013 Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Sahabatku diakhir perjuangan Rismawati, Savira Muetia dan Nurhaliza yang telah memberi semangat, motivasi dan senantiasa selalu membimbing peneliti dari awal penulisan hingga akhir. Penulis mengharapkan saran dan komentar yang dapat dijadikan masukan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis juga mengharapkan semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Banda Aceh, 23 Juli 2020 Penulis, Sri Afriyanti vii DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBARAN JUDUL ................................................................................... i LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ......................................... ii LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN SIDANG MUNAQASYAH ...................... iii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ILMIAH ........................ iv ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xiii BAB I : PENDAHULUAN........................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ........................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 7 C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................... 8 D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 8 E. Definisi Operasional................................................................. 9 BAB II : KAJIAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 11 A. Bivalvia ................................................................................... 11 1. Karakteristik Umum Kelas Bivalvia .................................. 11 2. Morfologi Bivalvia ............................................................. 11 3. Klasifikasi Bivalvia ............................................................ 12 4. Habitat dan Penyebaran Bivalvia ....................................... 14 5. Faktor-faktor Biotik dan Abiotik yang Mempengaruhi Kehidupan Bivalvia ............................................................ 15 B. Ekosistem Mangrove ................................................................ 19 1. Pengertian Ekosistem Mangrove ........................................ 19 2. Zonasi dan Vegetasi Ekosistem Mangrove ........................ 21 C. Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala ........................ 23 BAB III : METODELOGI PENELITIAN .................................................. 25 A. Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................. 25 B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................. 25 C. Subjek dan Objek ..................................................................... 26 D. Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................ 26 E. Parameter Penelitian................................................................. 27 F. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data .................................................... 27 G. Analisis Data ............................................................................ 29 viii BAB IV : HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................... 30 A. Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................ 30 1. Jenis Bivalvia Yang Terdapat Di Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh ........................ 30 2. Keanekaragaman Jenis Bivalvia Yang Terdapat Di Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh ........................................................................ 46 3. Pemanfaatan Keanekaragaman Bivalvia Yang Terdapat Di Ekosistem Mangrove Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh Sebagai Penunjang Praktikum Ekologi Hewan ................................................................................ 48 BAB V : PENUTUP ..................................................................................... 49 A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 49 B. Saran ......................................................................................... 49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 50 LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ............................................................................ 54 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ...................................................................... 69 ix DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Morfologi Bivalvia ................................................................... 12 Gambar 2.2 Ekosistem Mangrove di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh ........................................................................................
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