HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY 2000 ANNUAL MEETING PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE ASSOCIATION 2000 BIANNUAL MEETING 2-5 November 2000 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Hyatt Regency Vancouver CONTENTS Acknowledgments 3 HSS Officers, Program Chairs, and Council 4 PSA Officers and Program Committee 5 General Information 6 HSS / PSA 2000 Annual Meeting Book Exhibit Layout 7 Floor Plans: Hyatt Regency Vancouver 8-9 Vancouver Points of Interest 10-13 Committees and Interest Groups 14-15 HSS Full Program Schedule 16-20 HSS 2000 Program 21-43 HSS Distinguished Lecture 40 HSS Abstracts 44-187 PSA Full Program Schedule 188-190 PSA 2000 Program 191-202 PSA President’s Address 197 PSA Abstracts 203-245 HSS/PSA Program Index 246-252 Advertisements 253 Cover Illustration: SeaBus riders get the best view of Vancouver from the water. Offering regular service on the busiest routes from 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. and late night owl service on some downtown suburban routes until 4:20 a.m., Greater Vancouver’s transit system--the bus, SkyTrain and SeaBus-- covers more than 1800 square kilometers (695 square miles) of the Lower Mainland. The SkyTrain, a completely automated light rapid transit system, offers direct, efficient service between downtown Vancouver and suburban environs. It follows a scenic elevated 29 kilometer (18 mile) route with 20 stations along the way. All the SkyTrain stations, except Granville, have elevators and each train is wheelchair accessible. The SkyTrain links with buses at most of the 20 stations and connects with the SeaBus in downtown Vancouver. It operates daily, every two to five minutes. The SeaBus is a unique, passenger-only, wheelchair accessible ferry service that connects Vancouver from Waterfront Station with Lonsdale Quay on the North Shore. The scenic crossing of Burrard Inlet takes 12 minutes and covers two fare zones. It’s the only marine bus system of its kind in the world. Bikes are allowed. TransLink Vancouver has wheelchair lift equipped or low-floor buses on 78 routes. New routes are introduced every year. Accessible buses and bus stops are identified by the international wheelchair symbol, while the letter “L” identifies the schedule service in public timetables. Photo courtesy of http://www.HelloBC.com. Printed in the USA. 2 HSS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much excitement has accompanied the Vancouver meeting since the site was announced several years ago. Prior meetings on the west coast, in Seattle and in San Diego, were heavily attended, and this will be true for Vancouver, as we expect almost 1000 delegates for the 2000 meeting. The popularity of the largest city in British Columbia became evident early on as evidenced by the reception of a record number of session and paper proposals. The HSS was extremely fortunate to have the likes of Tom Broman, Lynn Nyhart, and John Harley Warner–HSS program chairs–to assemble and shape the many HSS submissions into a program that has generated countless comments on its breadth, depth, and intellectual quality. The Philosophy of Science Association, received a similar response from its members, and the PSA program chair, Jeff Barrett, has organized this large number of proposals into a dynamic program. The conference will begin on Thursday afternoon with the first PSA sessions and will continue through that evening with the HSS plenary session and a special reception at the Museum of Anthropology. The museum reception has proven so popular that tickets were sold out almost six weeks before the event. We wish to offer a special thank you to the President’s Office of the University of British Columbia for their sponsorship of this event. Many individuals and groups have worked to bring this meeting together. Site selection and preparation were handled by Keith Benson and our local organizer, Stephen Straker, who was the driving force behind the museum reception. George Gale, Executive Secretary of PSA, has worked tirelessly to help tie together the many loose strings that always accompany such meetings, and Jeff Barrett has proven to be an exemplary chair. The staff in the HSS Executive Office, which has handled all the registrations, program printing, requests, and thousands of other details, has been a real pleasure to work with. My special thanks to Gail Alexander, Carson Burrington, Melissa Oliver, and Ben Stenberg. Robert␣ J. Malone HSS Executive Director PSA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of the PSA Program Committee and the referees who helped us for their excellent work. I would especially like to thank Jason Alexander (University of California, San Diego), who assisted in the construction of the PSA program at every step. Jeffrey␣ A. Barrett PSA Program Chair 3 HSS OFFICERS, PROGRAM CHAIRS AND COUNCIL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Ronald␣ L. Numbers, President John␣ W. Servos, Vice-President University of Wisconsin, Madison Amherst College Marc Rothenberg, Treasurer Keith␣ R. Benson, Secretary Smithsonian Institution University of Washington Margaret␣ W. Rossiter, Editor Robert␣ J. Malone, Executive Director Cornell University ex officio HSS PROGRAM CHAIRS Lynn␣ K. Nyhart Thomas␣ H. Broman University of Wisconsin, Madison University of Wisconsin, Madison John␣ Harley Warner Yale University 2000 LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR Stephen Straker University of British Columbia HSS COUNCIL Harold␣ J. Cook Lesley Cormack Janet Browne Paula Findlen Evelynn␣ M. Hammond Richard␣ L. Kremer Gregg Mitman Pamela␣ E. Mack Kathryn Olesko Karen Reeds Phillip␣ R. Sloan Alan Shapiro Michael Sokal M.␣ Norton Wise Pamela␣ H. Smith Albert Van␣ Helden 4 PSA OFFICERS AND PROGRAM COMMITTEE GOVERNING BOARD OF THE PSA Richard Jeffrey, President (1999) John Earman, President-Elect Princeton University University of Pittsburgh George␣ D. Gale, Executive Secretary Michael Friedman, Past-President University of Missouri, Kansas City Indiana University Robert␣ N. Brandon (1999) Paul Humphreys (1998) Duke University University of Virginia Harold Brown (2000) Elisabeth␣ A. Lloyd (2000) Northern Illinois University Indiana University Jeffrey Bub (2000) Sandra Mitchell (2000) University of Maryland University of California, San Diego Allan Franklin (1998) Margaret Morrison (1999) University of Colorado University of Toronto PSA PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jeffrey␣ A. Barrett, (Chair) Stephen␣ M. Downes University of California, Irvine University of Utah Alan Hajek Christopher Hitchcock Cal Tech Cal Tech Nancy␣ J. Nersessian John␣ D. Norton Georgia Tech University of Pittsburgh C.␣ Kenneth Waters Alison Wylie University of Minnesota Washington University, St. Louis 5 GENERAL INFORMATION REGISTRATION: Registration will take place in the Regency Foyer on the conference level of the Hyatt Regency (near the escalators), on Thursday 2 November from 2:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m., Friday 3 November from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and Saturday 4 November from 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. PROGRAM CHANGES: Please note that certain modifications have been made in the program since its publication in the July Newsletter and its appearance on the HSS Web site. Session organizers have been informed of scheduling changes, and are held responsible for contacting panel members regarding such changes. Please confirm the date and time of the session in which you are participating. Any last-minute changes in the program will be posted at the registration table. HOTEL INFORMATION: The 34-story Hyatt Regency Vancouver features 644 guest rooms. Check-in time is 4:00 p.m. and check-out time is 12:00 p.m. The recreational amenities include an outdoor, heated swimming pool, and a fully equipped health club with treadmills, Stairmaster®, Universal® fitness machines, and Lifecycle® and Nautilus® fitness equipment. All meeting rooms offer individual or master controls for heat/AC, sound and music, and telephones. Four restaurants and lounges are located within the hotel, including Fish & Co., the Hyatt Regency Vancouver's signature restaurant. Conveniently located downtown, the Hyatt is adjacent to exclusive shopping in Royal Centre, two blocks from Pacific Centre and Robson Street, sports complexes and theatres, and convenient to 1000-acre Stanley Park, Granville Island and Grouse Mountain, Canada’s largest aerial tramway for skiing and recreation. The Hyatt is 20 minutes to the Vancouver International Airport. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION: Door-to-door shuttle service from the airport to the hotel is available from The Vancouver Airporter Shuttle for $17.00 Canadian round-trip. Taxi service is also available. Please contact the hotel concierge or reservations desk for assistance in arranging for airport transportation—remember that the shuttle service will be busiest Sunday morning. Discount coupons for the airporter are available at the Registration Desk. BOOK EXHIBIT: Select publishers will exhibit current titles in the history and philosophy of science throughout the course of the conference. The book exhibit will be in the Regency Foyer and the Regency East of the Hyatt from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Friday, 3 and Saturday, 4 November, and from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. on Sunday, 5 November. Tables, chairs, coffee and tea will be provided near the exhibit area for informal meetings and/or relaxation between sessions. Please direct all questions regarding the display to Benjamin Stenberg, Exhibit Coordinator. 6 HSS / PSA 2000 ANNUAL MEETING BOOK EXHIBIT LAYOUT Regency East and Foyer Friday, 3 November 8:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m. Saturday, 4 November 8:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m. Sunday, 5 November 8:00 a.m.—12:00 p.m. 1. Registration 11.MIT Press 2. Science History Publications 12.Chemical Heritage Foundation 3. Kluwer Academic Publishers 13.Rutgers University Press 4. Science in the 19th CenturyPeriodical 14 Cambridge University Press 5. Johns Hopkins University Press 15 Coffee Stations 6. Green Lion Press 16.Institute of Physics Publishing 7. Combined Book Exhibit 17.The Scholar’s Choice 8. Harvard University Press 18.University of Chicago Press 9. Ashgate Publishing Company 19. B&L Rootenberg Rare Books 10.University of Pittsburgh Press 20.