Index

Air Hangat, Langkawi, cement 363 alumina vs. silica, volcanic rocks Fig. A Air Hitam. Graben 157 9.10 AKF diagram aluminous enclaves 223 A vs B of Main Range Granite Fig. Jerai aureole Fig. 11.8 Alur Lebey Fault 269, Fig. 12.3 10.22 Stong Complex Fig. 11.3 amang 339 abnormal pressure Taku Schist Fig. 11.5 treatment plants in 2004 331 Malay Basin 189 albite alteration, Raub 360 ammonites, Triassic, Gua Musang Penyu Basin 196 Alcock Rise 33 Formation 104 Abodonlophora in Jurong Alexander, J.B. 1 Ampang Fault Fig. 13.13 Formation, 112 algae, amphibole aborted rift, Semantan 114 Chuping Limestone 93 bearing granite 217 abrasion platform placers 338 Kodiang Limestone 90 eastern Belt granites 222 accessory minerals algal Main Range granite 217 Eastern Belt 222 boundstones, Gua Panjang 104 schist 45, 47, Fig. 4.2, Table 4.1 Main Range 218 Kodiang Limestone 88, 92 amphibolite accretionary wedge 52, Fig. 3.4 alkali Batu Melintang Fig. 4.5 Semanggol provenance 99 basalt lavas 197, facies accumulation of hydrocarbons 379 SE Asia 208, 209 dating 304 ACF diagram, Neogene 40 metamorphism 237, Fig. 11.3 Jerai aureole Fig. 11.8 feldspar Jerai aureole… Fig. 11.7 Stong Complex Fig. 11.3 alteration, Raub 360 … Fig. 4.4 Taku Schist Fig. 11.5 decomposition 19 Taku Schist 238 acknowledgements v Eastern Belt granites 222 Stong Complex 236 ACNK olivine basalt, 209 Anak Datai Beds 58 granite values 225 plot of granites 226 Anambas zone 32

vs SiO2 for granites Fig. 10.13 series 224 anatexis, Stong Complex 237 acreage chemistry 229 andalusite allocations 365 vs. silica, hornfels 220, 245 Malay Basin dyke rocks Fig. 9.12 Gunong Ledang 243 1971 Fig. 16.1 volcanic rocks Fig. 9.9 Main Range 218 1976–77 Fig. 16.2 allochthonous Andaman 1990 Fig. 16.3 kaksa 337 Islands Fig. 3.3 1999 Fig. 16.4 limestone lenses, Chert Sea marginal Basin 32, 33, Fig. 2006 Fig. 16.5 Member 96 3.3 actinolite alluvial andesite 349 bauxites 22 agglomerate, Kampong Awah 203 Kramat Pulai 361 deposits occurrences Fig. 9.2 schist 52 Malay Basin 185 Pulau Tioman 207 Aequitriradites inornamentus 127 stratigraphy… Figs. 15.1–15.2 volcanism, Eastern Belt 203 ages of Malaysian environment, Malay Basin 185 Anding Barat fractured granites Table 10.1 fan facies, Malay Basin 182, Fig. basement 405 volcanic rocks Table 9.1 15.2 angiosperm pollens 119 agglomerate plain 10, 15 Angsa Graben, Straits of Chini prospect… Fig. 15.12 terraces 23 154, 156, Fig. 7.14 Manson Lode… Fig. 15.11 tinfields… Table 15.1 Angsi Field aggradation alluvium, fluvial origin 333 development 397 land 23 almandine garnet, Gunung Jerai 347 exploration 397 plains 23 Alor Star rainfall 15 geology 397, 398 agmatite, Stong Complex 233 alteration, Kecau Tui 358 location 397

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structure 397, Fig. 16.24, Fig. Asahan Arch 150, 154 Straits of Malacca 148 16.25 aulocogens of Gondwanaland… 314, basin inversion 172 –Tapis, Malay Basin 186 Fig. 14.5 Batang Melaka anhydrite pseudomorphs, Kodiang 220 dating 216 Limestone 90, 92 gabbro 221 Cretaceous 222 Anisian Axial Malay fault 177, 182, Fig. 8.5 Batang Padang, Perak 347 fossils, Gua Musang axinite, Kramat Pulai 361 Batu Arang Formation 104 Azman A, Ghani, c.v. 4 Basin 40, 76, 133, 134, 138, 170, Kodiang Limestone 92 259, 363, Fig. 7.3, Fig. 7.5, limestone, Gua Panjang 104 Fig. 12.13 radiolarian age, Chert Member 96 B Beds 139, 170 anthophyllite, Bukit Ibam 349 biomarker data 141 anticline boulder beds 159 Ba versus Sr Genting Sempah Fig. traps 381 coal, reflected light Fig. 7.4 9.5 trends 381 lacustrine strata 141 compressional 381 back-arc basin 177, 271 oil-shale 141, 143, Fig. 7.6 Malay Basin… Fig. 16.7, Fig. Semantan 114 organic facies 140, 141 16.14 Badak Shale Member 145 Batu Caves 76 Dulang Field… Fig. 16.17 Badong Conglomerate 124, 131, Fig. limestone anomaly 329, 330 Malay Basin 182, 381, Fig. 16.15 6.22 Batu Dam area 16 anti-clockwise rotation 318 Bagan Datoh Member 161 panned gold 358 Borneo 324 Bahau 268 structures 284 Sundaland 324 Arenites 82 Batu Gajah 73, 75 problem with escape tectonics 324 Conglomerate 113, Fig. 6.1 Batu Melintang 48, 233, 265, 288 antimony, Raub 359 gravity high 327 granite dating 51 apatite crystals in enclaves 223 redbeds 109 suture outcrops Fig. 4.5, Fig. aplite dykes river capture 17 13.14 Kramat Pulai 361 Balam–Pematang system 155 Batu Pahat 24 tin-bearing 347, Fig. 15.3 Bakri area of Johore 339, 347 granite outlier 23 Arang Formation… Fig. 8.2 tin pegmatites 347 Johor Graben 157 Ar-Ar geochronology 198 Balau Fault 269, 299 Quaternary 167 Araucarioxylin Balau-Murau Fault Zone 257, Fig. redbeds 121 cf. japonicum 127 12.3 Fig. 12.9, Fig. 12.10 Batu Tiga, magnetite 348 telentangensi 127 Balik Pulau Quaternary 164 bauxite Arenaceous Baling area 263 formation 22 Formation 47 argillaceous Rhythmic Member 97 metamorphism 246 Series 84 Baling Group 72, 199 mining 363 argentite, Manson’s Lode 354 Bampo Formation 152 pebbles 22 argillaceous rocks, Gua Musang Bangak metasediments 116 production in 2004 331 Formation 103 Bangka Island 36, 335, 249, 253 source rocks 207 argillic alteration (argillisation) alluvial cross section… Fig. 15.1 beach Penjom 359 seismic placer deposits Fig. 15.1 placers 338 Raub 360 tinfield Fig. 15.1 ridges 16, 26, 28, 163 Selinsing mine 358 Baong Formation 152 east coast 26 Tasek Chini 355 Baoshan, Yunnan 312 168 Fig. 2.13, Fig. Tersang 359 Barat Formation… Fig. 8.2 2.14 Aring Formation 81, 103, 119 Barisan Mountains 5, 28 Kuantan 168 agglomerate 106 barite deposits 363 Peninsular Fig. 2.11 mainly volcanic 103 fissure filling, Trengan 363 168 arsenian sulphide, Manson’s strata-bound, Tasek Chini 363 tin deposits… Table 15.1 Lode 354 barium vs. silica, volcanic rocks Fig. Beatrice pipe lode 346, Fig. 15.8, arsenopyrite 9.10 Fig. 15.15 Beatrice Pipe 347 Barren Island 33 bedded lodes 338 Buffalo Reef 360 Barrovian metamorphic facies… Fig. Bedung area sandy Rhythmite Kramat Pulai 361 11.5, Fig. 11.8 Member 98 Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 amphibolite 236, 241 Bekok Formation 184, Fig. 8.2 Manson’s Lode 354 series, Taku Schist 239 Belata Formation 77 Mengapur 354 basalt 318 Bell’s Lode, tin… Fig. 15.5 Pelepah Kanan 345 flows 169, Fig. 9.2 belts of Peninsular Malaysia 55 Penjom 359 Mid-Miocene, Sumatra 38 Belumai Formation 152 Raub 359 sheared 51, Table 4.1 Belumut Selinsing 358 base-metal sulphide ores 360 Granite 128, 145 340 basement Malay Basin 185 Tersang 359 Malay and Penyu Basins… Fig. Belut Formation… Fig. 8.2 Artinskian age, Chert Member 96 8.6 Bendang Riang Formation 72

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Bengkalis Beruas Formation 158, 161, bones in caves 170 Graben 17, 28, 36, 249, 253 165–167 bornite Trough 142, 150, 157 beryl, Kramat Pulai 361 Beatrice Pipe 347 Benom Complex 227 Besut Fault zone 268, Fig. 12.3 Mengapur 354 alkalic series 229 betafite, Gunung Jerai 347 boudinage 266, 271, 274 granitoids Rb vs Sr Fig. 10.11 Bicoemplectopteris hallei 310 granite sills 286, 287

K2O vs SiO2 Fig. 10.15 Bidor quartz 45 Zr vs SiO2 Fig. 10.12 kaolin 363 Stong Complex 235, Fig. 13.10 chemistry 229 –Tapah alluvial gold in tin Bouguer gravity granite 8, 107 mining 355, 356 anomaly map age 216 Billiton Island 249, 253, 338, 348, -Kedah Fig. 14.18 no gravity low 327 tin mining 332 Port Klang- Fig. Complex field Fig. 15.1 14.17 alkalic series 218 Bilut southern peninsula Fig. 14.16 intermediate to mafic rocks 218 Redbeds 47, 108, Fig. 4.2, Fig. 4.3 traverse across peninsula Fig. mineralogy 219 post Indosinian Orogeny… Fig. 14.14 textures 219 14.7 Boulder Beds 135–136, 139, 146, 43 unconformity 47 158–159, 171, 333, 363, Fig. –Bengkalis Suture 36, 253 Valley 45, 79 15.2 conglomerate 78 Group 43, 77, 78, 79 Binjal Formation, Perlis 67, 68, Fig. age 159 olistostrome 292 5.15 Batu Arang Fig. 7.3 schists stereogram Fig. 13.15 Bintang Gopeng 336 –Raub edge of Samantan Conglomerate 245 weathered clasts 159 Basin 114 Granite Complex 217 Boulder Clays 159 Bentong-Raub suture Zone 2, 33, Range 8 Boulder-strewn granite 38, 43, 78–79, 86, 202, 211, biomarker data Batu Arang 141 landform… 12, Fig. 2.8 216, 249, 253, 268–269, 271, biostratigraphy, Malay Basin 184 Bouma sequence, Semantan 274. 287–288, 296, 306, 316, biotite Formation Fig. 6.13 Fig. 3.4, Fig. 3.6, Fig. 4.1, Fig. decomposition 18 Boundary Range Granite 4.3, Fig. 8.3, Fig. 10.1, Fig. Eastern Belt Granites 222 Batholith 220, Fig. 11.4 12.3, Fig. 14.1, Fig. 14.4 granite weathering… Table 2.3 ages Table 10.1 Bentong Fig. 4.3 low stability 22 chemistry 229 Fig. 4.5, Fig. Main Range Granite 217 bournonite Kecau Tui 358 12.4 –muscovite schist, Stong 236 brachiopods, Kodiang Limestone 90 cartoon Fig. 14.8 –quartz hornfels 45 braided channels 15 central area 43 birdseye structures, Kodiang reservoirs 377 Fig. 4.2 Limestone 90 braided streams 333, 334 cross-sections… Fig. 14.8 bismuth breccia E–W Highway… Fig. 4.5 Bukit Ibam 349, 351 Gunung Rabong Formation 106 extrusion… Fig. 14.10 native, Mengapur 354 intraformational, Kodiang Genting Sempah… Fig. 4.4 bismuthinite in wolframite veins 363 Limestone 90 Karak Highway Fig. 4.3 bivalves, Triassic Kodiang Limestone 88 olistostrome 291 Chert Member 97 texture. Sungai Lembing 341 palaeontology 45 Rhythmite Member 98 brittle-ductile deformations 249 radiolaria Fig. 4.1 black shales Brooklands Estate Quaternary 166 reactivation 308 Semantan Formation 110 Brown Shale, Sumatra 142 regional position… Fig. 3.4, Fig. weathered 20 bryozoa 14.6 Blaini glacial deposits… 315, Fig. Chert Member conglomerate 96 southern part 51 14.5 Kodiang Limestone 90 timing 306 Blocks, continental Buffalo Reef gold deposit 360 Thailand extensions… Fig. 3.6 rifting… Fig. Bujang Melaka stock 260 Bera Fault 120 14.1 Buke Granite 237 Formation 79, 108 Australia rifting… Fig. 14.1 Bukit River 17 Bohorok Formation… 37, 312, Fig. Ampar conglomerates 121 Berangkat 14.4 Anak Takun 76 anticline Fig. 13.4 Bok Bak Fault zone 148, 171, 263, Arang Basin, Thai Border 133– lineament 249 269, 283, 287, Fig. 8.3, Fig. 135, Fig. 7.2 tonalite 219, 233, Fig. 10.6, Fig. 12,3, Fig. 12.15 gravity 330 11.1 displacement 263 stratigraphy Fig. 7.2 Berantai anticline & syncline 118, gravity 330 Bangkong iron 351 Fig. 13.4, Fig. 13.6 reactivation 308 Batu Berkelah Conglomerate 116, 117 bombs Barak, conodonts age, Chert Bertangga size in Santi ignimbrites Fig. 9.6 Member 96, 97 Basin 114 welded tuff, Santi Fig. 9.3 Batok Jurong Formation 112 Sandstone 120, 266, 274, 279 Bonaparte Gulf Basin… Fig. 14.5 Batu Besar 106

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Bukit (continued) Larang, gabbro 52 Caledonian Orogeny 310 Belabing granite 242 Larek, Kedah, Chert Member 95 Cambrian deformation 305 Belah 122 Lentor (Terengganu), Cameron Highlands 48 Bertangga 108 tungsten 361 suture rocks Fig. 4.5 Besi iron mine, Terengganu 348, wolframite 363 Canning Basin, Australia… 70, 86, Fig. 15.9 Lop 121 314, Fig. 14.5 tin content 348 Mambai 122 diamictites 314 skarn 338 Mengapur 83 Capitanian conodonts, Gua Musang Bintang 145 Merah Conglomerate Member 98 Formation 105 metamorphism 245 Mertajam 24 carbon dioxide in gas 381 Biwah 84 Mulong Kodiang Limestone 88, carbonaceous slates, Sungai Botol fault zone barite 363 91 Pelong 361 Bucu folding 301 Nyan, Kedah, Chert Member 95, carbonate-base metal deposits, Chabang… Fig. 2.6 97 Penjom 359 Charas 84 Pak Sagor 84 carbonate compensation depth, Chuping Panching 84 Semanggol Basin 99 limestone 11, 71, 93 Pantai structure 285 Carboniferous shore line 173 Payung folds 274 stratigraphy… Fig. 14.3 Cinta Manis 79 Penagoh, redbeds 292 Kinta 73 Dinding 76, 199 Peninjau 8 –Permian Gasing 259 Perak 263 palaeolatitudes 322 Gombak, norite 221 Putus Fault 268 Gondwanaland… Fig. 14.5 Hangus, Triassic bivalves 104 Raja Member 67, 68, 69 sandy facies… Fig. 14.3 Hantu, Kodiang Limestone 90, Resam Clastic Member 108, 113 shales, Bukit Besi 348 129 Rokan, Barat estate 51 –Triassic, continental drift Fig. Hulu Pelong 78 serpentinite 289 14.6 Ibam iron mine, 347, 348, Sagor strip mining 355 Carnarvon Basin, Australia… 314, Fig. 15.10 Sagu 84 Fig. 14.5 Cornwall-type 351 cement 363 Carnian age structures Fig. 13.8 Saiong 100, 265, 280 algae and foraminifers 105 Jerneh, Perlis… Fig. 2.6 Selegi 126 ammonites, Gua Musang Chuping Limestone 93 Serampang coal 143 Formation 105 Kachi (Kedah), tungsten 361 Seraya 24 conodonts Kajang rhyolite porphyry 359 Tajoh fault 258, Fig. 13.13 Chert Member 96, 97 Kaling fossils 111 Takun, Templer Park Fig. 2.4, Fig. Kodiang Limestone 90 Kalong, Kodiang Limestone 88, 2.6 Chuping Limestone 93 92, Fig. 6.3 Temiang 70, 71 limestones, Gua Telinga and Gua Kambing 83 Tengku Lembu 11, 71 Luas 104 Kampung Yoi, Permian chert 97 Tinggi Fault Zone 15, 48, 148, Rhythmite Member fossils 98 Kechil 260, 269, 281, 287, Fig. 8.3, Semantan 113 calcareous sandstones 91 Fig. 12.3, Fig. 12.13 cassiterite Kodiang Limestone 88, 90, Fig. basalt 169 arsenopyrite & pyrite 339 6.3 isotopic age 262, 308, Beatrice Pipe 347 Kepala, Kedah Fig. 2.5, Fig. 2.7 mylonite Fig. 12.14 Bukit Besi 348 Kepelu 91, 129 Wang Pisang 71 chlorite and chalcopyrite 339 Keluang 303 buried karst 11 coarse grained 335 chert 306 burrows in Singa Formation folded columbite 339 Conglomerate 258 strata Fig. 13.12 ferromagnetic 346 age 303 Burton, C.K. in retirement 1 grain-size 335 Fault 258 Buta Anticline, Langkawi 282 ilmenite, zircon & monazite 339 structures 306 Kramat Pulai 361 Kemuning Pluton 220 Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 Keriang, Kedah 23 lepidolite & columbite- Keteri, Chuping C tantalite 339 Limestone 93, Fig. 2.6 magnetic susceptibility 346 cement 363 calc alkali series 224, Fig. 10.15 malayaite & varlamoffite 339 Koman = Raub Gold Mine calcareous graphitic shales… Fig. Manson’s Lode 354 Koman Gold Mine 358, 359, Fig. 15.14 Nb-bearing 347 13.17, Fig. 15.14 Calcareous Series 84 paramagnetic 347 anticlinorium 292 calc-silicate hornfels, Pelepah Kanan 345 granite porphyry… Fig. 15.14 Ledang 242, Fig. 11.9 pleochroic 347 structure 307 Pelepah Kanan 345 poly-metallic sulphides & sulpho- Kukus, Kedah calcite salts 339 Chert Member 95 Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 pyrrhotite and magnetite 339 strike-slip faults 100 Raub 359 stannite & complex sulphides 339

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cassiterite (continued) cephalopods, Trolak Formation 52 slump structures 290 Sungai Lembing 340 cerium anomaly 45 Chert-Argillite Formation 292, 296 Ta and Nb substitution 347 cerussite, Raub 359 deformation 290, 306 Ta-bearing 347 chalcedony, Semanggol Chert faulting 291 travel distance 335 Member 95 Genting Sempah 45, 47, Fig. 4.4 Wang Tangga cave 170 chalcocite, Tasek Chini 355 recumbent folds 285 wolframite 339 chalcopyrite structure 285 cataclastic granite 237 Bukit Besi 348 chevron folds, Beds 298, Cathaysia Chini prospect… Fig. 15.12 Fig. 13.22 affinities 2 Kecau Tui 358 chiastolite flora 81, 85, 86, Fig. 3.5 Manson’s Lode 354 aureoles 246 plant occurrences SE Asia Fig. Mengapur 354 hornfels 220 14.3 Penjom 359 Chinchin Member 58 position in Gondwanaland Fig. Raub 359 Chini = Tasek Chini 354 14.5 Selinsing 358 Chini Cathaysialand 310, 316 Sungai Lembing 341 deposit 351 before Indosinian Orogeny… Fig. Tasek Chini 354 prospect… Fig. 15.12 14.7 Tersang 359 chlorite Cathaysian terrain 254, 315 wolframite veins 363 Bukit Besi 348 extrusion… Fig. 14.10 chamosite in bauxite 22 Pelepah Kanan 345 flora 311 Chao Phraya Fault 38, Fig. 3.6 stability 22 Malaysia–Sumatra Fig 14.4 Charu Formation 83, 84 chloritisation Palaeozoic stratigraphy Fig. 14.3 Chemendong Volcanics 204 Penjom 359 stratigraphy… Fig. 14.3 chemical Raub 360 cave 10, 11 analyses, volcanic rocks Table 9.2 Selinsing mine 358 placer deposits 169, 335, 338 plots of granites 224 Tersang 359 Chemor Limestone cement plants 363 chloritoid porphyroblasts 241 Chenderiang, Kinta Valley 339 Cenozoic chondrite-normalised spider Chendering basalt volcanism 197, 208 diagrams Fig. 9.11, Fig. 10.16 deformation 300, 308 basins 40 Chung Sooi Keong (‘S.K.’) 1 structures 301 biostratigraphic markers 171 Chuping Limestone Formation 38, Chenderoh Lake 16 evolution 170 71, 90, 312 Chenderong in Terengganu kinematics 171 extension into Triassic 93 scheelite 363 Eocene–early Oligocene 171 hill… Fig. 2.4, Fig. 2.6 wolframite 363 history 5 karst 11 Chepor Formation, Perlis 66–69, placer stratigraphy Fig. 15.2 metamorphism 244 Fig. 5.15 sediments distribution, Peninsular palaeomagnetism 323, Fig. 14.13 Cheroh district 43 Malaysia Fig. 7.1 Bentong-Raub Fig. 4.2 Perlis to North Kedah 93 Central Basin Jerus Limestone 104 similar to Kodiang Limestone 93 graben 271 –Raub, possible Gua Musang Straits of Malacca 148 gravity high 326 Formation 104 Cicatricosisporites Central serpentinite 289 australiensis 122, 127 Belt 57, 249 chert 45 ludbrooki 122 deformation 307 beds, Bukit Kechil 91 Cimmerian Continent… 316, Fig. faults 268 bedded ribbon, in Palaeo- 14.6 folding phases 295 Tethys… Fig. 14.7 Cini Fault 120 gold deposits 355, 358 Bentong-Raub Line Fig. 4.2 Cinta Manis 290, Fig. 13.16 grabens 154 Bentong Fig. 4.3 limestone 291 granite plutons Fig. 10.2 boudinaged 291 road 111 ages Table 10.1 Cheroh district… Fig. 4.2 circular structures 29 metasediments 306 clasts Circulina, Mangking Sandstone 118 mineralization… Fig. 15.3, Fig. Conglomerate Member 95, 98 Classopollis classoides 118, 127 15.4 redbeds 108 Classopollis spp. 119, 122, 124 Palaeozoic 79 Semanggol Formation 98 clasts in tuff, Pulau Tioman Fig. 9.7 stratigraphy Fig 5.2 deformation, Raub 290 Clavatipollennites 119 structures 287, 296 duplexing 290 clay minerals Triassic Formations Fig. 6.1 faulting 290 Batu Arang coal 149 Graben, Straits of Malacca 155, Genting Sempah Fig. 4.4 weathering product 20 Fig. 7.11 isoclinal folds 285, 291 cleavages at Dungun Fig. 13.25 stratigraphy Fig. 7.12 layers and nodules, Kodiang clinopyroxene, amphibole-enriched group grabens 150 Limestone 90 enclaves 223 plutonic province 218 mylonite zones 290 clinozoisite, Taku Schist 238 Sumatra palaeontology 45 clockwise declinations, volcanic 319 Basin 37, 148 radiolarian 48, 51 clockwise rotation 279, 319 sedimentation 5 Bentong Raub Fig 4.1 Peninsula 317

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Khorat Plateau 324 conodont crinoid coal 363 Carnian, Kodiang Limestone 90 Kodiang Limestone 90 Bukit Arang 135 Chuping Limestone 93 stems microscopy Fig. 7.4 early Triassic, Gunung Keriang 90 Chert Member conglomerate 96 beds, Batu Arang Basin Fig. 7.3, Gua Musang Formation 104 Koh Formation 120 Fig. 7.5 stratigraphic ranges Fig. 6.6 cross sections Enggor 136 thermal heating, Semanggol 100 Langkawi Islands Fig. 12.7 Malay Basin 188–189, 376–377 Triassic Fig. 6.5, Fig. 6.7 Malay Basin Fig. 8.7 Measures 139 contact metamorphic aureoles 220 Penyu Basin Fig. 8.19 mining, Batu Arang 138 continental Tenggol Arch… Fig. 8.9 seams 140 blocks SE Asia Fig. 14.1 cuestas Gagau Group 126 crust thinning 177 Panti Sandstone 127 Kampong Durian diamictites, Gondwanaland Fig Tebak Formation 128 Chondong 143 14.5 current directions, Straits of Tebak Formation 128 drift Carboniferous-Triassic Fig Malacca 25 signature 374 14.6 Cuu Long basin 177, Fig. 8.4 source rocks 377 slope 31 Cycadophytes 118 119 Malay Basin Fig. 16.9 Kodiang Limestone 92 contributors’ curriculum vitae 2 coastal coquinas, Semantan Formation 111, drowning, Langkawi 23 113 plain 6, 22 D Cordaites, Sumatra 311 Eastern 25 cordierite Dabong… 233, 237, Fig. 11.4 Kedah 23 –andalusite hornfels 245 slaty cleavage 294 Kelantan Fig. 2.12, Fig. 2.13 hornfels 245 Dachang 339 24 porphyroblasts dacite widths 23 Ledang 243 dykes, Sungai Lembing 342 prograding, east coast 26 Pelepah Kanan 345 Penjom 358 sedimentation 15 Stong Complex (uncertain) 236 plug, Mengapur 354 swamps 23 core Pulau Tioman 207 coaxial refolding, Machinchang boulders 11, 12, 18, Fig. 2.7, Fig. damar 160 Fm 281 2.8, Table 2.3 in alluvium 333 collision stones 11, 18, 20 dams causing lakes 16 orogeny… Fig. 14.7, Fig. 14.8 Cornish-type tin lodes 340, Fig. 15.5 Dangerous Grounds 31 S-type granite 2 eastern belt 340 Danish International Development colluvial placers 335 Cornwall-type mineralization 351 Association 134 columbite-tantalite with correlation Daonella 113 cassiterite 344, 347 Thailand Fig. 3.6 Chert Member 97 compositionally expanded rocks 211, Sarawak Fig. 3.5 indica , Conglomerate Member 99 220 Sumatra Fig. 3.5 cf. indica 107 Con Son Swell 175, 177–178, Fig. corundum 246 Rhythmite Member 98 8.1, Fig. 8.4 Kinta Valley Fig. 11.10 Dara Jade, Bukit Ibam 351 conglomerate Kramat Pulai 361 Darling, Gray 1 Bilut redbeds 47 pebbles, Kramat Pulai 361 dasyclads, Kodiang Limestone 92 central belt 114 rock 246 Datai clast lithology 111 Costatoria species 106, 116 Semantan 111, 113 Anticline, Langkawi 282 flaser 292 Beds 282, 305 Member, Semanggol country rocks, Main Range Granite 216 unconformity 286 Formation 94, 98 deformation Gagau Group 124 crenulation cleavage Langkawi 282 Cambrian 305 intraformational, Kodiang Mersing Beds Fig. 13.23 Devonian 306 Limestone 90 Cretaceous events, Peninsular Table 13.1 Ma’Okil Formation 121 deformation 308 Permian 306 Paloh Formation 122 doubly-plunging folding 308 soft-sediment, Semantan 111 Payung Formation 121 granite 280 deglaciation, Sunda Shelf 41 polymict 114, 116 ages 216 deltaic environments, Malay Gagau Group 126 Gunong Ledang 242, Fig. 11.9 Basin 188 Tebak Formation 128 –Jurassic basin map Fig. 6.16 Dengkil peat 166 Saiong Redbeds 100 offshore Fig. 3.5 denudation Semanggol Formation 98 peneplain laterite 22 chronology 28 Semantan Formation 110 Phuket 38 processes 28 Conites 128 plutonic rocks 178, 222, Fig. Sundaland 28 Conoco 365 10.2 deposition environment 1971 acreage… Fig. 16.1 Stong Complex 219, 233 Malay Basin 182 1977 acreage… Fig. 16.2 Taku Schist 237 Penyu Basin 194

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depth-seismic velocity domal structures, Kodiang Eastern relationship… Fig. 8.1 Limestone 88 Belt 57, 86, 249 Desaru 244 Donegal Granite, Ireland, Rb vs chemistry 224 Mersing beds outcrops Fig. 13.23 Sr Fig. 10.11 dyke chemistry Fig. 9.12 structure 297 doubly plunging Tembeling enclaves 223 Detrital folds 274, 278 granite 220 Beds structures 282 drag ages 216, Table 10.1 Members 61 folds 268 mineralogy 222 refolding 258 Devonian plutons Fig. 10.1, Fig. 10.2 drainage pattern & divides, deformation 306 Rb vs Sr Fig. 10.11 Peninsular Malaysia 13, 16, Kinta Valley 73 Fig. 2.7, Fig. 2.9 textures 220, Fig. 10.7 dextral faults, Tembeling Group 119 Zr vs SiO Fig. 10.12 dredge, tin alluvium Fig. 15.16 2 diamictite… Fig. 14.4 drift pattern of terranes 315 mineralization… Fig. 15.3, Fig. absence 312 dropstones, glacial 70, 86, Fig. 14.4 15.4 continental 314, Fig. 14.5 Dulang Field multiple deformation 297 glacial-marine 312 development 386 Palaeozoic 82 Genting Sempah 48 exploration 386 stratigraphy Fig 5.2 Krau Satu road 293 geology 386, 388 structure 297 marine… Fig. 14.5 location 385 dating 304, 306 Sibumasu… Fig. 14.3 oil and gas Fig. 16.18 volcanism 202 Singa Formation 70 structure 385, Fig. 16.17 coastal plains 25 diamonds in Phuket alluvium 33 Dungun, Terengganu 348 Gold Belt 360 diaspore Basin 178 Graben 155 Kramat Pulai 361 Fault 177, Fig. 8.5 lode channel, Raub 359 folds and cleavage Fig. 13.25 metamorphism 246 Province tin belt 211 Dicynodon conodonts… Fig. 14.6 Graben 179, Fig. 8.8, Fig. 16.6 ejectamenta size in rhyolitic Dienerian Durian Tipus 78 ignimbrite, Santi Fig. 9.6 conodonts, Gua Musang Dusun Tua hot spring 260, 268, Fig electrum, Penjom 359 Formation 104 12.13 elevations limestones 105 Duyong Peninsular Malaysia Fig. 2.1 differentiation Anticline, seismic Fig. 8.10 topographic units Table 2.1 index of granites Fig. 10.10 –Besar, Malay Basin 185 elliptical structures 29 sequence of granites 228 gas discovery 365 eluvial Dinding Schist 52, 76, Fig. 13.13 dykes basic 197 regolith movement 12 folding 284 chemistry, Eastern Belt 210, Fig. gold, Tersang 359 rhyolite 199 9.12 placers 335 tuff 199 intermediate 210 emplacement level, Main Range 216 volcanics Fig. 9.3 mafic 210, 269 enclave in granite 223 Dindings alluvial cross section… Fig. 15.1 mineralogy 223 granite 8 Perhentian 221 peat 165 E Pluton chemistry 228 delta 16 secondary textured granite 218 East Fault zone 266, 267 seismic placer deposits Fig. 15.1 Coast permatang 26 diopside dykes 210 Quaternary 167 –garnet, Langkawi 245 multiple deformation 301 –Rompin –phlogopite marble, Stong 236 Range 9 tuffs Fig. 9.8 –tremolite rivers 15 volcanics 207 structural analysis 304 hornfels Table 4.1 chemistry 207, Fig. 9.9, Fig. Malaya –wollastonite, Langkawi 245 9.10 Block 2, 40, Fig 3.4, Fig. 3.5, diorite mineralogy 207 Fig. 14.1 Bukit Ibam 349 endothyrids, Koh Formation 120 continental drift… Fig. 14.6 Enggor Basin 27, 133–134, 136 Pemanggil and Aur Islands 221, High Fig. 14.9 Entolium, Semantan 113 222 hornfels 245 environment of deposition plutons 220 palaeolatitudes Fig. 14.2 discrimination diagram, terrain 309 Malay Basin Fig. 8.11 granites 230, Fig. 10.20 Penang graben 155 Sotong Field Fig. 8.12 distribution, volcanic rocks Fig. 9.2 –West Eocene Djambi = see Jambi faults 269 anticlockwise rotation, southern Dohol Formation 82, 84, 86, 244 Highway structural map Fig. Sundaland 324 dolines 9 12.16 deformation 308 dolomitisation, Kodiang Bentong-Raub suture 48, Fig. –early Oligocene rifting 171 Limestone 90, 92 4.5 Ephedripites 119 122

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epidote feldspar fractional crystallization 228 schist Table 4.1 stability 22 fractured basement play 385 stability 22 structural state 201 Penyu Basin 405 epizonal emplacement 220 X-Ray diffraction data 217 Fraser’s Hill 52 erosion rates 41 felsite, Penjom 358 Frenelopsis 118 escape tectonics Fig. 3.4, Fig. 14.10 fenestrae, Kodiang Limestone 92 malaiana 118, 127 Esso fengcong 9 parvifolia 127 128 acreage 1971… Fig. 16.1 fenglin 9 freshwater swamps, east coast 26 1977… Fig. 16.2 ferberite, Kramat Pulai 361 Exploration 365 fission-track ages 216 Production Malaysia Inc. flooding 15 (EPMI) 182, 365 flow-banded G Eu anomalies rhyolite, Dinding Schist Fig. 9.3 granites 228, 229 tuff, Pulau Tinggi Fig. 9.7 gabbro Tioman 208 flow-texture in rhyodacite, Endau Benta 219 secondary textured granite Fig. Rompin Fig. 9.8 Eastern Belt 221 10.18 flower structures 272 Kemuning Hill 221 Exesipollenites 119 Kedah 283 mineralogy, Eastern Belt 221 exploration Malay Basin 182 Pemanggil and Aur Islands 221, acreage blocks 1990 Fig. 16.3, fluoborite, Beatrice Pipe 347 222 Table 16.1 Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Perhentian 221 acreage blocks 1999… Fig. 16.4, Macerals 379 plutons 220 Table 16.2 fluorite Gabus Formation… Fig. 8.2 acreage blocks 2006… Fig. 16.5, Beatrice Pipe 347 Gagau Table 16.3 cassiterite association 344 Group 124 acreage, offshore Malaysia… Fig. Kramat Pulai 361, Fig. 15.15 dip 124 16.1, Fig. 16.2 Main Range 218 environment 126 history 368–370 Pelepah Kanan 345 stratigraphy 124, Fig. 6.22 expulsion of hydrocarbons, Malay –scheelite Kramat Pulai 361 volcanism 204 Basin Fig. 16.11 flute marks extensional basin 271 Upland 124, Fig. 6.22 Semanggol Formation 98 extrusion tectonics 177, 316, 317, Galas Fault Zone 265, 280, Fig. 12.3 granite surfaces… 2, Fig. 2.7, Fig. Fig. 14.10 galena 2.8 cassiterite association 344 fluvial Kecau Tui 358 above-bottom placers 335, 337 Kramat Pulai 361 F allochthonous bottom placers 337 lode 351 bottom placers 335 Manson’s Lode 354 fahlore group minerals, Manson’s cave placers 338 Penjom 359 Lode 354 channels, Malay Basin Selinsing 358 fanglomerates, Boulder Beds 159 –deltaic source rocks 374 Sungai Lembing 341 faults 249 –glacial deposits 314 Tasek Chini 354, 355 ages 249 currents… Fig. 14.5 wolframite veins 363 Cretaceous 308 –lacustrine environments 377 Gambang Dulang Field… Fig. 16.17 sequences 185 no gravity low 327 E–W 269 origin of alluvium 333 tinfield 335 Malay & Penyu basin 176, 182, terraces 27 Gap 8 Fig. 8.3 fluid inclusion analysis garnet Ma’Okil Formation 121 Kecau Tui 358 NNW–SSE and NW–SE Penjom 359 hornfels, Pelepah Kanan 345 trending 258 Raub 360 Kramat Pulai 361 N–S 268 Sungai Lembing 343 Main Range 217 Peninsular Malaysia Fig. 8.3, Fig. Tersang 359 marble, Langkawi 235 12.1, Fig. 12.3 folds skarn related trapping, Malay events, timing Table 13.1 Chini prospect… Fig. 15.12 Basin… Fig. 16.7, Fig. 16.14, style Tembeling Group 274 Tasek Chini 355 Fig. 16.15 Tanjong Chendering Fig. 13.26, Taku Schist 238 right-lateral … Fig. 3.4 Fig. 13.27 gas terrane Tembeling Formation Fig. 13.4 expulsion, Malay Basin… Fig. –bounding 253 Foothills Formation 77, 107 16.11 –crossing 258 foraminifera in Kodiang fields, Malay Basin 373, Fig. 8.1, –parallel 255 Limestone 90 Fig. 16.7, Fig. 16.9, Fig. 16.16 timing 269 fore-arc basin 271 generating potential Fig. 16.10 tinfields related 339 Semantan 114, 316 occurrences, Malay Basin 370 traps, normal 383 foredeep 43 –oil contact, Malay Basin… Fig. trends 249, 251, 252 Semanggol Basin 99, 316 16.17

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resources, Malay Basin… Table pantiensis 118, 122, 127 glaciations 70 16.4, Table 16.5, Table 16.6 Global ice age 312 window 381 Environment Facility 134 northern margin… Fig. 14.5 Malay Basin Fig. 16.13 Positioning System 324 reassembled in Palaeozoic Fig. Gejiu 339 Glossopteris flora 312 14.5 Gemas Formation 107 gneissic rifting 315 structure 36 suture 51 episodes… Fig. 14.5, Fig. 14.7 gemstones, Thailand 40 texture, Stong 235 Sibumasu attachment 310 syntaxis occurrence 316 Gobbett, D. J. terranes, Devonian general structural trend 249 & Hutchison, C. S. (1973) 1 separation… Fig 14.1 generation of hydrocarbons 379 in retirement 1 Gondwanas of India map Fig. 14.5 Genting goethite 22 Gopeng Peras Fault Zone 268 gold Beds 158 Sempah base metals association 360 Consolidated Mine 347 Bentong-Raub complex 8, 45, bearing veins, Central Belt 358 Kinta Valley 334 199, Fig. 4.4, Fig. 13.13 belt 3 360 gossan dating 200 map… Fig. 15.13 manganiferous, Manson’s geochemistry 202 Buffalo Reef 360 Lode 354 microgranodiorite Fig. 4.4 deposits, Central Belt 355 sulphides, Manson’s Lode 354 petrology 201 epigenetic to granites 361 strip mining 355 schist outcrops Fig. 13.14 fissure fillings, Raub 359 iron-manganese 355 structure 285 Kecau Tui 358 Manson Lode… Fig. 15.11 suture enclave 48 lode deposits, map… Fig. 15.13 GPS of peninsula 324 volcanic rock Manson’s Lode 354 graben chemistry Fig. 9.5 map of deposits and formation, Semanggol Basin 99 complex 199, Fig. 9.4 prospects… Fig. 15.13, Table Malay Basin… 179, 182, Fig. 8.5, geobarometer studies 223 15.4, Table 15.5 Fig. 8.9 geochemistry of granites 224 Mengapur 354 onland and offshore 133 geochronology mine, Raub Fig. 13.17, Fig. 15.14 Penyu Basin 193 granite 211 mineralisation Straits of Malacca 133 volcanic rocks 198 belts 356 granite quartz veins 355 geological ages by Sr isochrons Fig. 10.3 temperature formation 356 maps of Malaysia v arcs offshore Fig. 3.5 Selinsing 358 publications v belts, Southeast Asia Fig. 10.1 mining 2 sections, north Sumatra Fig. 7.9 Bukit Besi 348 in 2004 331 similarity with Sumatra… Fig 3.5 iron mine… Fig. 15.9 Penjom Fig. 15.16 Survey Department 1 chemical plots 224 Penjom 359 geomorphology 5 core-boulders Fig. 2.7, Fig. 2.8 –quartz geoseismic sections of placer discrimination Fig. 10.20 lodes, Bukit Koman… Fig. tinfields Fig. 5.1 dykes, Tioman 207 15.14 geothermal gradient Eastern Belt Fig. 10.7 –sulphide veins, Penjom 358, Malay Basin 177, 189, Fig. 8.17 359 no gravity low 327 Penyu Basin 196 Raub 359 enclaves 45, 223 gibbsite, bauxite 22 replacements, Raub 359 epizonal, Eastern 244 Gigantopteris flora 40, 310, 316 rush, Lubok Mandi 360 flow texture, Stong Complex Fig. glacial Selinsing 358 10.6 deposits, Sibumasu 311, source fluting, Johor… Fig. 2.8 diamictite 86 lower crust or mantle 361 geochemistry 224 Langkawi Fig. 5.16 smoker vents 361 geochronology 211 SE Asia Fig. 14.3 volcanic association 361 gneiss, Taku 239 dropstones 312 Gombak gravity modeling 326 –eustatic sea levels 172 Chert 48 injection, Bok Bak Fault 264 marine iron mine 348 landforms 11, Fig. 2.6 deposits, Gondwanaland… Fig. Gondwana … Fig. 2.8 14.5 blocks, Palaeozoic stratigraphy Fig. modal compositions Fig. 10.8 dropstones 2, 70 14.3 plutons, naming Fig. 10.2 glass shards plate 254 porphyry, devitrified 118 terranes Pelepah 345 Genting 201 extrusion… Fig. 14.10 Raub gold mine… Fig. 15.14 glauconitic sandstones, Malay Malaysia Sumatra Fig. 14.4 porphyritic texture Basin 189 stratigraphy… Fig. 14.3 biotite, Pelepah Kanan 345 Gleichenoides 118 Gondwanaland 316 Pelepah Kanan… Fig. 15.7 gagauensis 117, 118, 122, 126 assembly, Permian 314 provinces, Peninsula 211 maranensis 119 attachment 322 Redang Islands Fig. 2.6

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granite (continued) Kramat Pulai 361 granite map 211, Fig. 11.6 trends Peninsula-Billiton… Fig. ground slope, Peninsular gravity 330 3.2 Malaysia Fig. 2.2 map… Fig 11.6 two-phase texture Fig. 10.5 Group K sandstones metamorphic aureole Fig. 11.6, wash 334 grunerite, Pelepah Kanan 346 Fig. 11.8 Johor 167 grykes 11 rocks 240 weathering 12, 17 Gua porphyry 199 core-boulders 18 Badak 11 Kanthan 73 speed 12 Bama, breccias, Gunung Rabong Keriang, Kodiang Limestone 90 zones 18, Fig. 2.8, Fig. 2.10, Formation 106 Korbu 8 Table 2.3 Batu Tangga, Anisian forams 104 Kuang, Kanthan, cement 363 granodiorite Batu Telahup, Anisian forams 104 Lanis 116 Bukit Ibam… Fig. 15.10 Cha karst hills 104 Lang, Fig. 2.4, Fig. 2.6 series 224 Musang Formation 80 Ledang 8, 33, 263 granophyre, Pengerang 363 argillaceous facies 105 aureole 242 graphite stability 22 Basin 114, Fig. 6.1 Cretaceous 222 graptolites carbonate platform 106 granite Fig. 11.9 Devonian 45 Cameron Highlands road 253 age 216, 242 Tuan Estate 43, 45 circular structures 29 metamorphic aureole Fig. 11.9 gravel, weathering product 18 folding 306 Lesong 126 gravity group status 102 Melaka 12 anomaly karst hills 103 Panti 127 map southern peninsula Fig. lateral facies changes 103 Barat 127 14.16 limestones 103 Perak 6 traverse across peninsula Fig. lithologies 103 Pondok, Padang Remgas, 14.14 Permian-Triassic 102 cement 363 contour map platform 114 Pulai Kuala Lumpur–Klang… Fig. –Semantan depocentre 87, Cretaceous 222 14.17 102–103 120, 129 dating 216 northwest peninsula… Fig. Volcanic Member 108 structure 294, Fig. 13.19 14.18 Rabong Formation = Semantan stratigraphy and Peninsula… Fig. 14.16 Formation sedimentology 103 data southern Peninsula 327 Rabong Formation 103, 105 Panjang karst hills 104 high basal conglomerates 106 Sai, Gua Musang Formation 103 over coastal plains 329 basin Fig. 6.1 Tempurung Kedah 330 may be northern Semantan 106 Kinta Valley Fig. 2.5 minimum over Main Range 326 volcanic topographic highs 106 river… Fig. 2.7 modeling 326 Rajah 8 guano deposits 169 northwest peninsula 330 Rapat, Ipoh 11, 159, Fig. 2.5 Guar profile notches… Fig. 2.7 across Peninsula 324 Jentik, Perlis 65, 69 Rawang Mata Hari 8 faults 255 Sanai 65, 68, Fig. 5.13 Raya Granite, Langkawi 244, 321, measurement stations southern Gubir beds, Semanggol 330 peninsula Fig. 14.15 Formation 98 Semanggol 93 greenschist facies gufeng 9 Conglomerate Member 98 Jerai aureole Fig. 11.7 gugup 12 structures 283 Lower Palaeozoic 304 Gula Formation 158, 161, 164–168 Sempah 8 metasediments, Taku 239 Gulf of Thailand 374 Sinyum, Gua Musang greisen Gunong Formation 103 –bordered veins 334 Ayam conglomerate 103 limestone 105, 106, 113 Ulu Langat 363 Bakau 344 Complex 233 muscovite 217 topaz-aplite 347 Stong Complex 12, Fig. 11.1, Fig. greisenisation 344 Bekok Granite 122 11.4 tinfields 340 Belong karst hills 104 dating 216 Grès Supèrieurs 128 Belumut 128 Sumalayang 84 Greywacke Terrain 37, Fig. 3.5 Benom 8, 268 Tahan 8, 120, Fig. 2.9, Fig. 6.17 Griesbachian Complex 218 Tangga Dua Belas 120 conodonts, Gua Musang Granite 218 Tasek, Perak, cement 363 Formation 104 Gagau 124 Ulu Kali 8 limestones 105 elevation 131 Ulu Semangko 8 Grik geology Fig. 6.22 Guntong Field Formation 72 Hijau 8 development 389, 388 volcanic rocks 199 Hutan Aji 70 exploration 389 grooves, karst 11 Jebak Puyoh limestones 104 geology 388 grossularite garnet, Jerai, Kedah 60, 269, 339, 347 location 389 Jerai 240 dome 239 Malay Basin… 185, Fig. 8.13

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reservoir parameters Table 16.8 Hutchison, C.S. c.v. 2 304, 309–310, 316, 321, Figs. stratigraphy Fig. 8.13 in retirement 1 14.7–14.8 structure… 389, Fig. 16.19 hydrocarbon palaeomagnetisation 24 Gurun… Fig. 11.6 accumulation 379, Fig. 16.12 infilled valleys 28 gymnosperm palynomorphs 119 Groups D & E Fig. 16.18 injection complex 254 gypsum pseudomorphs, Kodiang discoveries Malay Basin Fig. 16.7 inland plains 26, 28 Limestone 90 distribution Malay Basin 373 inselbergs 12 generation 379, Fig. 16.12 Institute of Geological Sciences 211 Malay Basin 380 intermediate H migration 379, Fig. 16.12, Fig. facies series 236 16.13 microcline 220 Eastern Belt 222 H.S. Lee beds 75, 312 occurrence, Dulang Field… Fig. plutonic rocks 211 haematite 16.18 rock absence 232 bauxite 22 preservation Fig. 16.12 intermontane basins 142 Bukit hydrogen index intra-arc basin 271 Besi 348 Batu Arang 143 Ibam… 349, Fig. 15.10 source rocks Fig. 16.10 inversion –cassiterite 344 hydrothermal anticlines, Malay Basin… Fig. clasts, Ma’Okil Formation 121 alteration, granites 229 16.15 tinfields 340 veins 340, 334 Malay Basin… 182, 188, 193, Fig. Hainan Island, basalt 40 tin, map Fig. 15.3 8.10, Fig. 8.14 Penyu Basin… Fig. 8.20 half-graben 170 lodes 340 Batu Arang 146 Iranophyllum 312 Penyu Basin 193 iron halloysite formation 22 –bearing skarns Fig. 15.4 Halobia 113 I ore Conglomerate Member 99 Bukit Besi Fig. 15.9 Chert Member 97 I type granite 211, 226, 231, Fig. Bukit Ibam Fig. 15.10 Rhythmite Member 98 10.14, Fig. 10.22 deposits 347 hawaiiite, Kuantan 209 melts 231 Pelepah Kanan, Johor Fig. 15.7 Hawthornden Schist 52, 76, Fig. Palaeo-Tethys subduction… Fig. strata-bound, Bukit Ibam 348 13.13 14.7, Fig. 14.8 tin content 346–347 folding 284 iceberg melting 314 origin, Bukit Besi 348 heat flow ignimbrite Fig. 9.2 replacement of shale 348 Malay Basin 177, 189, 379, Fig. Bukit Ibam 348 rich roof pendants 348 8.16 dyke… Fig. 11.4 Ischyosporites models 189 Genting Sempah 48, Fig. 4.4 scaberis 127 Penyu Basin 196 Pengerang 363 variegates 127 high rhyolite 199 Isthmus of Kra 5 heat flow, Malay Basin 189 Santi, Johor 205, Fig. 9.6 –K calc-alkali series 227, Fig. volcanism Johor 204 10.15 illite in weathering 21 J level alluvium 158 ilmenite –pressure high-temperature amang 339 Jalan Penarikan 17 play 385 –series 217 Jambi Depression Fig. 3.5 hilltop laterites 22 granites 339 jamesonite, Leong Sin Nam hilly terrain 6 imbricate structure 288 Pipe 347 Kedah… Fig. 2.3 impounded tin mineralization, Holocene sea levels 28, 172 Volcanics 85, 204, 300 western belt 340 hornblende palaeomagnetic data map Fig. India –bearing rocks 220 14.12 Gondwana rift basins… Fig. 14.5 –biotite-quartz schist, Stong 236 Jelai Formation 107 geobarometer 223 indentation into SE Asia… 316, Jelebu 51 –quartz schist, Stong 236 Fig. 14.10 Fault 259 hornfels, eastern Malaya 245 Indochina Schist 79, 82 Hosking died in Camborne 1 block 309 Jempol hot rifting from Gondwanaland Fig. Negeri Sembilan 17 spot thinning 177 14.7 Slate, Mengapur 83, 354 springs, Kuala Lumpur 260 map Fig. 14.1 Jemurok Member 58 Huai Hin Lat Formation 40 palaeolatitudes Fig. 14.2 Jengka Hulor Member 58 terrain 309 Pass 40, 86, 108, 109, 116, 310 Hulu Lepar 116, 118 Indochinese Cimmerides 316 flora… Fig. 14.3 humid tropics weathering 17 Indonesian placer names 334 roadcuts 81, Fig. 5.22 Hutan Aji Fig. 5.15 Indosinian collisional Orogeny 2, stratigraphy Fig 6.18 Member 67–69 43, 230, 237, 239, 271, 279, unconformity 295, 297

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sketch Fig. 5.21 Genting Sempah Fig. 9.5 Karavankina species 108 Triangle volcanism 203 Kaeng Krachan Group 38 karang deposits 334 Jentik Formation 66, 67, 69 Kajang Schist 52, 76 karren 9 Jerai Kaki Bukit karst Formation 60, Fig. 11.6 cave 170 hills ripple marks and trace fill… Table 15.1 Kinta 72 fossils Fig. 5.7 placers 335, 338 Perlis Fig. 2.4, Fig. 2.6 rhyolite 199 Limestone 61, Fig. 5.9, Fig. 5.10 landforms 9, Fig. 2.4, Fig. 2.6 granite… Fig. 11.6 kaksa deposits 334, 335, 337 notches Fig. 2.5 age 240 allochthonous 337 pinnacles 27 metamorphics… Fig. 11.8 grain size 335 weathering 335 Metaquartzite 240, Fig. 11.7 Kaling Formation 80, 111, 113, Fig. Kati pluton 218 6.1 Beds 75 Schist 240, Fig. 11.7 Kambau, Ulu Sedili granite… Fig. Formation 314 Jeram Padang Ridges 2.8 Kecau Tui gold deposit 358 conglomerate 111 Kambing Beds 82, 83 Kedah 108 Kampar 73 gravity 330 gravity high 327 stratigraphy Table 5.2 contour map… Fig. 14.18 volcanism age 198 Kampong Palaeozoic 71 Jerneh Field 189 Awah 81 Peak = Gunung Jerai 6 development 401 andesite 203 granite gravity 330 exploration 398,401 dating 198 Quaternary 164 geology 401 limestone 108 sediments 164 location 398 volcanism 40, 312 –Singgora Range 6 stratigraphy Fig. 16.27 Batu Hitam basalt 169 stratigraphy Fig. 5.3 structure 398, Fig. 16.26 Binjal 67, 68 Kelang Lama terrace 27 Jerong batholiths 220 Buloh fault zone 268, Fig. 12.3 Kelantan Jerus Limestone, Gua Musang Chengkenik Semantan beach ridges… Fig. 2.14 Fm. 103, 104, 292 Formation 107 coastal plain… 25, Fig. 2.13 Johor Dong rhyolite ash 169 delta 169 Bahru Quaternary 167 Durian Chondong basin 133, 134, Quaternary 168 Graben, Straits of Malacca 154, 143, 267, Fig. 12.17 volcanism 202, 203 157, Fig. 7.16 Guar Jentik 65, 67, 68 Kelapa Kampit graben belt 157 Jelai, Kepis cement 363 bedded lodes 338 group grabens 150, 154 Kayu Papan 205 tin mine 338 Platform 175, 177, 193, Fig. 8.1, Padang Masirat Quaternary 164 Kelau Fig. 8.6, Fig. 8.9, Fig. 8.18, Permatang Buloh Quaternary 164 Fault Fig. 8.3 Fig. 16.6 Sena Formation 70 –Karak Fault Zone 268 Seri Jaya 83 Quaternary 167 Keliu Slates 83 Sungai Jerik 108 structures 297 Keluang, Johor 108 Kanan Kerbau gold deposit 360 –Nyior Basin location Fig. 12.17 undulating terrain… Fig. 2.4 Kanching valley, Boulder Beds 159 redbeds 122 volcanics 204 Kankoi fault 258 Kemahang chemistry 207 Kanthan Limestone 73, Fig. 5.17 granite… 237, 265, 269, Fig. 11.4 joint kaolin quarrying 363 leucogranite 280 control in karst 11 kaolinisation, tinfields 340 Kemaman coastal plain 26 Development area Fig. 8.5, Fig. kaolinite Kempadang Formation 158, 160 8.8 bauxite 22 Kemubu 233 Julu Rayeu Formation 152 formation 22 Kemuning Hill Jurassic weathering 21 gabbro 221 –Cretaceous basins 272, Fig. 6.16 Kapal tholeiite 227 strata deformation 274, 279, batholiths 220 Kenerong 297, 308 –Bergading Tectonic Line 175, Leucogranite 233, 235, 236, 237, timing 307 181 266, 280, Fig. 11.1–11.2 Jurong Formation, Singapore 107, Kapas dating 216 108, 112, 113 Conglomerate 258, 269, 302–303 enclaves 233 stratigraphy Fig 6.12 age 303 microgranite, Stong Complex 219 Fault Zone 258, 302, Figs. Kenny Hill Formation 38, 76, 287, 12.11–12.12 307, 314, Fig. 5.19, Fig. 13.13 K Karak 107, 110, 268 folds 284 Formation 292 recumbent Fig. 5.20

K2O vs Group 45, 78, 79 vergence 287

Na2O of granites Fig. 10.14 Highway 262 soft-sediment deformation 285

SiO2 granites Fig. 10.15 Bentong-Raub Fig. 4.3 structure 287

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weathering… 19, Fig 2.9, Fig. Kluang peat 163 2.11,Table 2.4 Limestone… Fig. 14.4 Quaternary 166 16 –Niyor Basin 133–134, 144, 267 Lipis, Gua Musang Kepis Beds 51, 82, 108 station 144 Formation 103, 107 Kepulauan Aruah Nose 154 knick points, Bentong 15 Lumpur Keramutan Fault Fig. 14.9 knolls 12 Fault Zone 171, 258, 262. 268, Formation 107 Kodiang 280, 287, Fig. 8.3, Fig. 12.3, Kerogen type 374 cliffs 11 Fig, 12,13 Quaternary 168 Limestone 88, Fig. 6.1, Fig. 6.2 dating 283 Kerum Formation 106, 109, 115, conodont ranges Fig 6.6 folds 283 116, Fig. 6.6, Fig. 6.18, Fig. depositional setting 92 geological map Fig. 13.13 13.5 palaeomagnetic data map Fig. gravity contour map… Fig. lithologies 116 14.13 14.17 Keutapang Formation 152 Permian–Triassic boundary 90 Limestone 52, 76, 287, Fig. Khlong Marui Fault 339,Fig. 3.3, similar setting to Chuping 5.19, Fig. 13.13 Fig. 15.1 Limestone 93 offshore 156 Khorat stratigraphy 88, Fig. 6.3, Fig. Straits of Malacca 148 Basin 40 6.4 lowland 27 early rifts … Fig. 3.6 structure 88 Palaeozoic 76 Platform 178 Sumatra correlatives 93 placer tinfield Fig. 15.1 Swell 182 –Semanggol depocenter 87, 114, Quaternary 166 Khuan Din So Shale 38 129 secondary textured granite 218 Kilim, Kisap Thrust 256 stratigraphy 87 Mentiga 245 Kim Loong Koh Formation 106, 119, 271 Pahang Quaternary 167 No. 1 beds 73 conglomerate 104 Perlis Quaternary 164 No. 3 beds. 73 correlatives 120 Pilah 43, 45, 51, 268 kinematics, Tertiary basins Table 7.4 lithology 119, 120 Prai Quaternary 164 Kinta redbeds 120 Rompin Quaternary 167 River 245 stratigraphy Fig. 6.16 Sedili structure 297 Valley 27, 344 –Tembeling basins 131 Selangor graben offshore 156 alluvium 333 Kota Sungai Perong, wolframite 343 stratigraphy… Fig.15.1 Bharu rainfall 15 Tembeling, Gua Musang faults 268, 340 Gelanggi 106, 116, 117, 272 Formation 103 geological map Fig. 5.17 Gua Musang Formation 103 limestones 103 iron ore 348 limestone 105, 113 Semantan Formation 107 karst 10 conglomerates 106 Terengganu coastal plain 26 limestones… Fig. 14.3 Jin limestones 105 Kualu mineral zonation… Fig. 15.15 Tampan 27 Formation, Sumatra correlated Palaeozoic 72 rhyolite ash 169 with Semanggol Formation 100 Quaternary 165 Tinggi 267 rift basin, Sumatra 100 schists 72 kaksa… Table 15.1 Kuan On beds 73 sequence 312 waterfall 345 Kuantan 86 skarns 346 Kramat Pulai, Kinta Valley 361 alkaline basalt dating 199, 209 stratigraphy 75, Fig. 14.3, Table scheelite mine… Fig. 15.15 Basalt 40, 169, 197, 209,Fig. 9.1 5.2 structure 361 chemistry 209 tin placer stratigraphy Fig. 15.1 Krau Satu road 104, 293 dykes 210 zonation Fig. 15.15 structure Fig. 13.18 palaeomagnetism 318, Fig. Kisap Thrust, Langkawi 255–256, Kroh Formation 72, 101 14.11 269, 282, 287, Fig. 12.6, Fig. Krusin Flora 33 age 199, 209 12.8 Kuala relation to basalt 209 reactivation 308 Abang folds 300, Fig. 13.25 mineralogy 209 Klang Balah… 233, Fig. 11.1, Fig. 11.4 relation to dykes 209 alluvium gravity high… Fig. 14.16 Basin, Sumatra Fig. 14.9 Fault 193, Fig. 8.18 Gates quartz ridge 9, 36, 76, 283, Betis, Gua Rabong Formation 103 Group 84 258–259, 340, Fig. 2.3, Fig. Dipang granite 75 folds 295 2.5, Fig. 12.14, Fig. 13.13 Dungun folding 300 metamorphism 245 age 287 Kangsar 27 Graben 193, Fig. 8.19 reservoir hot springs 260 Kelawang 82, 262 pluton 220 gravity contour map… Fig. 14.17 biotite-rich 217 Quaternary 167 plain has gravity high 328 Kemasik metamorphism 245 Kubang Pasu Formation 38, 67, 68, Valley gravity 329 Krai granites 229 69, 70, 312, 314 Kledang Range 344 Kubang Badak 61 deformation 308 granite 8, 27, 73, 246, Fig. 15.15, Kubu Baharu 52, 260 Straits of Malacca 148 Fig. 5.17 Kurau mangrove 163 Kukup Graben 157 Klian Intan, Perak 8, 344 Langat Kulim 9

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rivers 15 131, Fig. 6.6, Fig. 6.18, Fig. Permian–Triassic 292, 323 sandy Rhythmite Member 97 13.5, Fig. 13.6 quarried for cement 363 kulit deposits 334 lapis 10 silicified, Bukit Ibam 349 Kundur 316 large ion lithophile modeling 227 topographic highs 106 Kuroko deposits 351, 360.Table 15.2 laterite 21 limonite kyanite, Taku Schist 239 argillaceous bedrock 22 bauxite 22 concretions… Table 2.4 Bukit Ibam… Fig. 15.10 hardening upon drying 21 Linden Hill Port Dickson 52 olivine eucrite 221 L lavas, age distribution 197 tholeiite 227 Lawin 133, 135 lineaments 254, 269 Labis area 109 Basin 145, 263, Fig. 12.15 RADARSAT… Fig. 12,2 Paloh Formation 122 Tuff 72, 199 Lingga 316 Labu 339 Lawit batholith 220 Linggiu labradorite, Genting Sempah 202 Layang-Layang 267 Formation 40, 84, 128, 310 lacustrine Basin 133, 135, 145, 269, Fig. flora… 85, Fig. 14.3 shale 375 12.17 lithophile elements 229 Malay Basin 187, Fig. 8.11 Formation 145 lit-par-lit leucogranite 280 signature 374 Lebir Fault Zone 119, 126, 249, littoral placers 338 source rocks 374 253–254, 265–267, 269, 271, lode channels, Bukit Koman… Fig. Malay Basin Fig. 16.9 273–274, 279, 308, Fig. 8.3, 15.14 strata Fig. 12.3, Fig. 12.5, Fig. 13.5, Loei, Thailand 311 Batu Arang 141 Fig. 14.9, Fig. 15.1 Gigantopteris 40 Malay Basin… 185, Fig. 8.14, edge of Semantan Basin 114 loellingite, Pelepah Kanan 345 Fig. 8.15 Ledang Formation… 184, Fig. 8.2 Lojing hot spring 269 Ladinian age Lee Chai Peng c.v. 2 longshore currents, Peninsular algae and foraminifera 105 Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 Malaysia 25–26, Fig. 2.11 Chert Member 96 Lepar Lotong Sandstone 119, 124, Fig. radiolarian age 96 Fault Zone 119, 266, 279, Fig. 6.22 Chuping Limestone 93 8.3, Fig. 12.3, Fig. 12.5 cross bedding 126 limestones, Gua Telinga and Gua Granodiorite 118 low level alluvium 158 Luas 104 Mengapur 354 Lower Semantan 113 lepidolite pegmatites 340 Clay 173 lagoons, east coast 26 Lesong Detrital Band 64 Lahat fault bounded 274 Setul Limestone 61 –Menglembu, Kinta Valley 339 Sandstone 126 Luit Tuffs, Mengapur 83, 354 Pipe 347 letter classification, Malay Lubok Mandi lake 16 Basin… 185, Fig. 8.2 gold lode mine 355, 360 Toba eruption 169 leucite Lumut Lalang Member 67, 69, Fig. 5.13, basanite & tephrite, 209 Quaternary 160 Fig. 5.14 leucogranite veins, Stong 219 –Dindings levees 15 beach placers 338 acid volcanics, cross section… Fig. Terengganu 168 fan 336 Lhasa Block Fig. 14.10 14.8 Lupar Line map Fig. 14.1 lignite 363 road 111 Batu Arang 140 landforms, Karst Fig. 2.4 Kluang–Niyor 144 landslips, damming of river 17 limestone M LANDSAT imageries 251, 255 and schists, Kramat Pulai 361 Langgun Redbeds 67–69, Fig. 5.13, anomaly Batu Caves 329 Ma’Okil Formation 109, 120–123, Fig. 5.15 bands & lenses in Chert Fig. 6.19–6.20 Langkawi Islands 314 Member 96 stratigraphy Fig. 6.19 Canning Basin similarity 314 bedrock, Tekka mine… Fig. 15.6 structure 121 cross sections Fig. 12.7 breccias, Kodiang Limestone 90 Machang coastal plain Fig. 2.12, deformation 286 Bukit Ibam 351 Fig. 2.13 episodes 286 conglomerate Machinchang Formation 38, 57–58, geological map Fig. 12.6 Gua Musang Formation 105 245, Fig. 5.4 gravity contour map… Fig. 14.18 Kodiang Limestone 88, 90 deformation 286 greenschists 244 country rocks, Beatrice outcrops Fig. 5.6, Fig. 5.9 karst 10 Mine… Fig. 15.8 Straits of Malacca 148 Kisap Thrust 255 Gua Musang Formation 103, 104 stratigraphy Fig. 5.5 metamorphism 244 hill formation 11 structure 281 Quaternary 164 Kramat Pulai mine… Fig. 15.15 Mae Ping Fault 38, Fig. 3.6, Fig. 8.4 stratigraphy Fig. 5.3 lenses, Semantan Formation 110 mafic Lanis Conglomerate 113, 116, 119, Manson’s Lode 351, Fig. 15.11 dykes 269

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microgranular enclaves 223 faults of peninsula 249 sedimentary plutonic rocks 211 Malacca 51 environments… Fig. 8.12 rocks associated with granite 221 beach placers 338 source rocks Fig. 16.8, Fig. magmatic evolution, Gentingv202 folds 283 16.9, Fig. 16.10, Fig. 16.11 magnetic linear anomalies 274 Platform 153 stratigraphy 182, Fig 8.2, Fig. magnetite Quaternary 166 8.11 Bukit Ibam 349 reefs 152 age range 175 Chini prospect… Fig. 15.12 serpentinite 36 structure 181, Fig. 8.8–8.9 inclusions in cassiterite 347 Strait 28 syn-rift stage 185 iron ore, Bukit Ibam… Fig. 15.10 Malay tectonic events 177, Fig. 8.4, Manson’s Lode 354 Basin 175, 177, Fig. 8.1, Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.11, Fig. 16.8 –martite-haematite, Pelepah 345 acreage trap styles Fig. 16.7, Fig. 16.14, Mengapur 354 1971 Fig. 16.1 Fig. 16.15 ore, Bukit Besi 348 1976-77 Fig. 16.2 dome theory… 177, Fig. 8.4 Pelepah Kanan 345 1990 Fig. 16.3 Malayan Collieries Ltd 138, 143, Tasek Chini 354 1999 Fig. 16.4 144 tin content 348 2006 Fig. 16.5 malayaite 339, 347 Mahang Formation 71, 240, 263, basement rocks and Malaysia-Thailand Joint Fig. 11.6 topography 178, Fig. 8.6 Authority 368 Main Range 8, 9 biostratigraphy 184 Manchis batholiths 216 coaly source rocks Fig. 16.9 conglomerates 111 chemistry 224 cross sections Fig. 8.7 Granite 107 collision related granites Fig. crustal thickness 177 Manek Urai 239 10.19 depositional environments 182, manganese gossans 355 contrast with Eastern Belt Fig. Fig. 8.11 Mangking Sandstone Formation 113, 10.10 development model Fig. 8.4 116–120, 274, Fig. 6.6, Fig. 13.5, Fig. 16.18 emplacement level 216 divisions 371 lithologies 118 enclaves 52, 223 Dulang Field Fig. 16.17 mangrove foothills 43 E–W grabens Fig. 8.5 pollen 163 Granite 45, 199, 211, 253, 269, exploration 365 swamps 23 316, 344, Fig. 4.2, Figs. faults 182, Fig. 8.3 Johor 24 4.3–4.4, Fig. 10.1,Fig. 15.15, gas fields Fig. 16.9 Manik Urai 82 Fig. 15.17 geothermal gradient map Fig. Manson’s Lode, Ulu Sokor, age 211, Table 10.1 8.17 Kelantan… 351, Fig. 15.11, Australian difference 231 grabens 179 Table 15.2 country rocks 216 Group reserves 354 mineralogy 217 H petroleum… Fig. 16.12 structure 351 palaeolatitude 324 I petroleum… Fig. 16.12 mantle plume 230 palaeomagnetism 319 heatflow model 177, Fig. 8.4 pluton names Fig. 10.2 geothermal gradient 177 map of the major faults of the prominent gravity low 326–327 map Fig. 8.16 Peninsula Fig. 12.3 province 216 hydrocarbon discoveries Fig. 86, 117, 273 secondary amphibole 217 16.7 florule 118, 126, 127 spine 249 inversion 182, Fig. 8.14 –Jerantut 272 textures 217–218, Fig. 10.4 lacustrine source rocks Fig. 16.9 River, plant localities 118 Kramat Pulai 361 letter classification… Fig. 16.13 Maras Bukit Jong Granite Zr vs SiO2 Fig. 10.12 map Fig. 8.1 pluton 220, 223 gravity Miocene development 187 marble anomaly decreases northern section Fig. 16.13 quarry 363 southwards 327 oil and gas fields… 365, Fig. Langkawi 244 minimum… Fig, 14.14, Fig. 16.6, Fig. 16.9 mining Simpang Pulai Fig 15.16 14.16 origin model 177 silicified zones, Kecau Tui 358 High, Late Triassic… Fig. 14.9 Palaeocene–Oligocene Stong Complex 236 Karak Highway Fig. 4.4 development 185 marine mountain watershed 216 palaeo-environments… Fig. diamictites Gondwanaland Fig origin of placers 335 8.15 14.5 palaeomagnetic data map Fig. palaeofacies maps Fig. 8.15 placers 338 14.12 palaeogeography Fig. 8.14 sandstone, Malay Basin 187 province 211 petroleum resource regions Fig. transgressions 335 Rb vs Sr granites Fig. 10.11 16.6 martite small intrusive centres 216 Pliocene development 189 Bukit Besi 348 spider diagrams Fig. 10.16 porosity and permeability Table Pelepah Kanan 345 western margin schist 52 16.7 massive sulphide major reservoir rocks Fig. 16.8 deposits 360 belts of peninsula 249 sealing formations… Fig. 16.8 properties… Table 15.2

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Matang Gelugor Member 161, 164, permatang 26 Minas Formation 154–155, 157 165,166,167, 168 Quaternary 167 mineral Matang Timbul Member 161 mesas, Panti Sandstone 127 stability 22 maturation Malay Basin Fig. 16.11 Meso-Tethys Ocean 316, Fig. 14.6 zonation Mawchi in Myanmar 338–339 mesothermal veins… Table 15.4, Kinta Valley… Fig. 15.15 maximum microcline, Main Table 15.5 lodes 340 Range 217 gold 356 Minerals and Geoscience meanders 15 Mesozoic Department Malaysia v, 1 Medial Malaya = see Bentong-Raub strata Mining suture correlations 129 developments 331 Medial Malaya Suture Fig. 14.4 Jengka Pass Fig. 5.22 tin Medial Sumatra stratigraphy 87, Fig. 6.24 dredging 332 Suture Fig. 14.4 metabasites 43 hydraulic 332 tectonic High Fig. 14.9 metal zonation, Kinta Valley Fig. mintcan placers 334 15.15 mintjan 337 megacryst metaluminous granites 225, Fig. placers 334, 337 biotite granite 217 10.13 grain size 335, 337 broken Fig. 10.5 metallogenic belts 338 Mobil 365 granite textures Fig. 10.4 metamorphic 1971 acreage… Fig. 16.1 microgranite 199 aureole 1977 acreage… Fig. 16.2 mélange 47–48, 271 Bukit Ibam 349 Mogok Gneiss 316 Cinta Manis Fig. 13.16 Jerai 242 mogote hills, karst… 9, Fig. 2.6 Genting Sempah 48 country rocks, Stong Complex 219 molasse Mempelam Limestone facies deposit, Tebak Formation 128 fossils Fig. 5.12 diagram… Fig. 11.3, Fig. 11.5 facies, Saiong Beds 114 Perlis 65, 67, 69, Fig. 5.13–5.14 Gunong molybdenite Mengapur Jerai 241, Fig. 11.8 Beatrice Pipe 347 barite 363 Ledang aureole Fig. 11.9 Mengapur 354 deposit 351, 354 Stong Complex Fig. 11.3 Penjom 359 Limestone 83, 354 Taku Schist Fig. 11.5 Tasek Chini 354, 355 mineralogy Table 15.3 minerals, Jerai aureole Fig. 11.7 monazite Menglembu, Kinta Valley… Fig. paragenesis, Stong Complex 236 amang 339 11.10 rock weathering 20 Gunung Jerai 347 Quaternary 159 metamorphism 233 monsoon 15 tourmaline-corundum 246 related to structure 304 montmorillonite in weathering 21– Mengkarang Formation 311 meta-pelites 22 Mengkudu placer 338 Ledang… Fig. 11.9 monzonite 107 Stong Complex 236 Benta 219 bypass 110 metaquartzite 45 series 224 Mentawai Fault 33 metarhyolite, Dinding Schist, Kuala textures 219 Mentulu Formation 37, 312 Lumpur 52, 199 Mount Faber Ridge 9 78, 80 metasedimentary enclaves 266 216 Gua Musang Formation 103 metasediments granite Fig. 11.9 karst hills 104 Pelepah Kanan… Fig. 15.7 mountain Meratus Mountains 32 Permian–Triassic 292 ranges 6 Merbau Pulas Chert Member 97 metasomatised peridotite 230 terrain, Kedah… Fig. 2.3 Merchang fresh water swamps 26 mica MSS-XA Graben 153 crystallinity values 305 Muar Merchong Graben 193, Fig. 8.19 schist 45 –Pekan overland 17 mercury mineralization, Raub 359 Jerai 241 River = Sungai Muar Mergui Basin 33 microcline, intermediate 245 Muda Mersing microcontinents SE Asia map Fig. Dam area Semanggol Beds 205, 244, 257, 304, 14.1 conglomerates 98 folding Figs. 13.21–13.24 micro Formation… Fig. 8.2 analysis 297 granite in Main Range 216 mudstone multiple deformation 298 granodiorite, Genting Sempah 48, Chert Member 95 structure 244, 297 Fig. 4.4 laminated, Semantan 110 analysis 298 rhyodacite, Genting Sempah Fig. Rhythmite Member 97 coastline folds 298 9.4 Muntahak Granite 127 –Endau Fault Zone 266, 269 migmatite Murai Fault Zone 274, 260, Fig. 8.3, Fig. injection 233 mine 12.3 Stong Complex Fig. 11.1, Fig. alluvial gold 358 RADARSAT Fig. 12.17 11.2, Fig. 13.10 tin, Bentong 355 gold 355 migration Murau mining 361 hydrocarbons 379 Formation 257, 299, 303 Group 127 pathways 380 –Bukit Keluang Fault 85 multiple folding 297 oil, Malay Basin… Fig. 16.13 Conglomerate 85, 117

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deformation dating 305 Noring shale structure 304 Granite, Stong Complex 219, 233, Batu Arang 141, Fig. 7.5 muscovite Fig. 11.1 Kampong Durian Gunung Jerai 347 chemistry 228 Chondong 143 Main Range 217 dating 216 –water contact, Malay pegmatite, Jerai 240 spider diagram Fig. 10.17 Basin… Fig. 16.17 –quartz schists 51 hornblende-biotite window 381 –tourmaline greisenization 344 granodiorite Fig. 10.6 Malay Basin Fig. 16.13 Mustaffa Kamal Shuib c.v. 3 North Old Alluvium 158, 160, 165, 171, Mutus China palaeolatitudes… Fig. 14.2 333, 337, Fig. 15.2 assemblage 38, Fig. 3.5 Penang graben 155 Older correlated with Semanggol Sumatra Arenaceous Series 77 Basin 36, 148 Formation 100 marine unit… Fig. 15.2 stratigraphy Fig. 7.9 Basin 316, Fig. 14.4, Fig. 14.9 Sedimentary Cover 333 North– east mylonite 253–254, 260, 263 olistoliths ramp margin plays 385 Bentong area… Fig. 4.3 limestone trending faults 268 dating 308 Gunung Rabong Formation 106 North–South Fault Zones 268 Semanggol Basin 100 zones 260 North– west Domain 55, 57, 86, Triassic 105 Myophoria fauna 113 249, 271 olistostrome 45, 47, 48, 253. 271, Bukit Resam 113 Palaeozoic stratigraphy Fig. 5.2, 290, 296, 306 Semantan 111 Fig. 5.3 Bentong area… Fig. 4.3 structures 281 Cameron Highlands Fig. 4.5, Fig. Northern N Graben, Straits of Malacca 151, 12.4 153, Fig. 7.10 Cinta Manis 291, Fig. 13.16 Group grabens 150 clasts 291 Nakawan Range 6 Straits Tertiary basins 151, 153 debris flow 292 Nam Con Son Basin 177 notches deformation 291 Nam Loong beds 73, 312 limestone hills… 11, Fig. 2.7 East-West Highway Fig. 12.16 Namurian shales, Sungai wave-cut 172 fault vergence 291 Lembing… 340, Fig. 15.5 nubbins 12 redbed clastic clasts 292 Nan Uttaradit suture 38, 43, Fig. Nuraiteng Tee Abdullah, c.v. 4 Semantan Formation 114 3.6, Fig. 14.1 sigmoid clasts 291–292 Narathiwat High 175, Fig. 8.1 soft-sediment deformation 291 Narcondam Island 33 olivine nautiloid O eucrite, Linden Hill 221 fauna, Langkawi 314 nephlinite, Kuantan 209 oblique convergence subduction 33, orthoceraconic 45 ooids, Kodiang Limestone 92 269 Nb-Ta-Ti oxides, Gunung Jerai 347 oolitic grainstones, Gua Panjang 104 ocellar texture in enclaves 223 open-cast mining of stockworks 344 nebulite, Stong Complex 233 offshore ophiolite 43, 51 negative lineaments on bar sandstones 378 ore Peninsula Fig. 12.2, Fig. 12.3 peat 162 mineralogy, massive sulphide Negeri Sembilan oil deposits Table 15.2 faults 268 chemistry 377 skarn deposits Table 15.3 Quaternary 166 companies in Malaysia vein deposits… Table 15.4, Nenering Beds 101, 133 1990… Table 16.1 Table 15.5 conglomerates 101 1999… Table 16.2 types, Bukit Ibam Fig. 15.10 outcrops Fig. 6.10 2006… Table 16.3 organic palynomorphs 102 company acronyms 365 facies Batu Arang 141, 142 Upper Unit 101 discovery history 365 mud and peat 158 Neocalamites 118, 119 expulsion, Malay Basin… Fig. 16.11 petrology, Batu Arang 140 Neocomian plants 119 oroclinal Neoschizodus 116 fields, Malay Basin 373, 385, Fig. 8.1, Figs. 16.6–16.7, Fig. 16.9, bending 279, 316–317 Semantan 113 Fig. 16.16 model… Fig. 3.4 New Lahat Mine 246 gas shape 249 Nicobar Fan & islands Fig. 3.3 discoveries Penyu Basin Fig orthoclase, Eastern Belt Nilam Marble, Gua Musang 16.6 granites 220, 222, 244 Formation 103, 104, 119 fields Malay Basin Fig. 16.6 orthoconglomerate, Semanggol Ninetyeast Ridge map Fig. 14.10 generating potential Fig. 16.10 Formation 98 Nongson Formation of Vietnam 33 Batu Arang 143 orthopyroxene rhyodacite 199 Norian microscopy Fig. 7.6 Genting Sempah Fig. 9.5 Chuping Limestone 93 occurrences, Malay basin 370 mineralogy 201 conodonts, Kodiang Limestone 92 resources Malay & Penyu petrology 201 Rhythmite Member fossils 98 Basin Table 16.4 Osborne and Chappel 136, 364

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Matang Gelugor Member 161, 164, permatang 26 Minas Formation 154–155, 157 165,166,167, 168 Quaternary 167 mineral Matang Timbul Member 161 mesas, Panti Sandstone 127 stability 22 maturation Malay Basin Fig. 16.11 Meso-Tethys Ocean 316, Fig. 14.6 zonation Mawchi in Myanmar 338–339 mesothermal veins… Table 15.4, Kinta Valley… Fig. 15.15 maximum microcline, Main Table 15.5 lodes 340 Range 217 gold 356 Minerals and Geoscience meanders 15 Mesozoic Department Malaysia v, 1 Medial Malaya = see Bentong-Raub strata Mining suture correlations 129 developments 331 Medial Malaya Suture Fig. 14.4 Jengka Pass Fig. 5.22 tin Medial Sumatra stratigraphy 87, Fig. 6.24 dredging 332 Suture Fig. 14.4 metabasites 43 hydraulic 332 tectonic High Fig. 14.9 metal zonation, Kinta Valley Fig. mintcan placers 334 15.15 mintjan 337 megacryst metaluminous granites 225, Fig. placers 334, 337 biotite granite 217 10.13 grain size 335, 337 broken Fig. 10.5 metallogenic belts 338 Mobil 365 granite textures Fig. 10.4 metamorphic 1971 acreage… Fig. 16.1 microgranite 199 aureole 1977 acreage… Fig. 16.2 mélange 47–48, 271 Bukit Ibam 349 Mogok Gneiss 316 Cinta Manis Fig. 13.16 Jerai 242 mogote hills, karst… 9, Fig. 2.6 Genting Sempah 48 country rocks, Stong Complex 219 molasse Mempelam Limestone facies deposit, Tebak Formation 128 fossils Fig. 5.12 diagram… Fig. 11.3, Fig. 11.5 facies, Saiong Beds 114 Perlis 65, 67, 69, Fig. 5.13–5.14 Gunong molybdenite Mengapur Jerai 241, Fig. 11.8 Beatrice Pipe 347 barite 363 Ledang aureole Fig. 11.9 Mengapur 354 deposit 351, 354 Stong Complex Fig. 11.3 Penjom 359 Limestone 83, 354 Taku Schist Fig. 11.5 Tasek Chini 354, 355 mineralogy Table 15.3 minerals, Jerai aureole Fig. 11.7 monazite Menglembu, Kinta Valley… Fig. paragenesis, Stong Complex 236 amang 339 11.10 rock weathering 20 Gunung Jerai 347 Quaternary 159 metamorphism 233 monsoon 15 tourmaline-corundum 246 related to structure 304 montmorillonite in weathering 21– Mengkarang Formation 311 meta-pelites 22 Mengkudu placer 338 Ledang… Fig. 11.9 monzonite Mentakab 107 Stong Complex 236 Benta 219 bypass 110 metaquartzite 45 series 224 Mentawai Fault 33 metarhyolite, Dinding Schist, Kuala textures 219 Mentulu Formation 37, 312 Lumpur 52, 199 Mount Faber Ridge 9 Merapoh 78, 80 metasedimentary enclaves 266 Mount Ophir 216 Gua Musang Formation 103 metasediments granite Fig. 11.9 karst hills 104 Pelepah Kanan… Fig. 15.7 mountain Meratus Mountains 32 Permian–Triassic 292 ranges 6 Merbau Pulas Chert Member 97 metasomatised peridotite 230 terrain, Kedah… Fig. 2.3 Merchang fresh water swamps 26 mica MSS-XA Graben 154 crystallinity values 305 Muar Merchong Graben 193, Fig. 8.19 schist 45 –Pekan overland 17 mercury mineralization, Raub 359 Jerai 241 River = Sungai Muar Mergui Basin 33 microcline, intermediate 245 Muda Mersing microcontinents SE Asia map Fig. Dam area Semanggol Beds 205, 244, 257, 304, 14.1 conglomerates 98 folding Figs. 13.21–13.24 micro Formation… Fig. 8.2 analysis 297 granite in Main Range 216 mudstone multiple deformation 298 granodiorite, Genting Sempah 48, Chert Member 95 structure 244, 297 Fig. 4.4 laminated, Semantan 110 analysis 298 rhyodacite, Genting Sempah Fig. Rhythmite Member 97 coastline folds 298 9.4 Muntahak Granite 127 –Endau Fault Zone 266, 269 migmatite Murai Fault Zone 274, 260, Fig. 8.3, Fig. injection 233 mine 12.3 Stong Complex Fig. 11.1, Fig. alluvial gold 358 RADARSAT Fig. 12.17 11.2, Fig. 13.10 tin, Bentong 355 gold 355 migration Murau mining 361 hydrocarbons 379 Formation 257, 299, 303 Group 127 pathways 380 –Bukit Keluang Fault 85 multiple folding 297 oil, Malay Basin… Fig. 16.13 Conglomerate 85, 117

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Group, Sumatra 142, 153, 155, Sunda fold play 404 Peutu Formation 152 156 tectonic development… 177, Fig. Phangnga 339 Penang 8.4 diamictites 312 gravity 330 trap tinfield… Fig. 15.1 contour map… Fig. 14.18 formation 404 phengite stability 22 Island 23 styles 404 phenocrysts within black volcanics, offshore graben 153 Penyu Formation… 194, Fig. 8.2, Pulau Tioman Fig. 9.8 Quaternary 164 Fig. 8.20 Phong Saly 311 Pengeli Penyu Rift extension to Pekan 329 Gigantopteris 40 Fault 146 Perak Nose 154 Phosphorus plot versus silica 231 Sand Member 145 Perak Phuket 314, 339 Pengerang 205 Palaeozoic 71 granite 33 bauxite 22, 363 Quaternary 164–5 Group 37, 38, 70, Fig. 14.4 faulting 267 River 27 diamictites 312 volcanics 207 peraluminous granite 225, Fig. similarity to Canning Basin 314 dated 199 10.13 tin field Fig. 15.1 palaeomagnetic data map Fig. melt 232 phyllite 45, 51 14.12 Perhentian Jerai 240 Pengkalan Member 161, 166, 167, Complex 227 Manson’s Lode 351, Fig. 15.11 168 Granite 221 shale 45 peat 166 Island 220 Taku Schist 239 Peninsular Malaysia Kechil syenite 221, 229 tourmaline-corundum 246 basement 148 chemistry 228 phyllonites 266 dimensions 5 mineralogy 221 piedmont fan

elongation 249 Zr vs SiO2 Fig. 10.12 facies Fig. 15.2 lineaments Fig. 12.2 Perlis placers 334 major trend 272 gravity… 330, Fig. 14.18 Pilah Schist 51–52 structural trends 249, Fig. 12.1 karst 10 Pilong Formation… 184, 196, Fig. uplift in north 131 Quaternary sediments 164 8.2, Fig. 8.20 zones Fig. 5.1 stratigraphy Fig. 5.3 pinch-and-swell structure 257 Penjom permatang 25, 28, 133, 161 Pinyok skarn 339 gold lode mine 358 Fig. 15.16 east coast… Fig. 2.13, Fig. 2.14 Pinang Beds 85 structure 293 permeability Malay Basin Ping Teris Fault Fig. 12.3 thrust 288 rocks Table 16.7 pinnacle topography 11 felsites and tonalite 293 Permian pisolitic Thrust 293 andesitic rocks 316 limestones, Gua Panjang 104 Penyu Basin 175, 193, 403, Fig. 3.5, conodonts, Krau Satu 104 texture 247 Fig. 8.1, Fig. 8.3, Fig. 16.6 deformation 306 placer basement Fig. 8.6, Fig. 16.29 Kinta Valley 73 fields statistics Table 5.1 drape play 404 limestone Gunung Jerai 347 fractured play 405 Jengka Pass 81, Fig. 5.22 mining, tin 331 cross sections Fig. 8.19 Kodiang 90 stratigraphy 333, Fig. 15.2 development model Fig. 8.4 palaeomagnetic data… Fig. tin deposits 332 exploration 403 14.13 tinfields of the peninsula Table 5.1 faults Fig. 8.3 radiolarian ages in Chert plagioclase gas window Fig. 16.29 Member 96 decomposition 18 hydrocarbon stratigraphy… Fig. 14.3 Eastern Belt granites 222 accumulation 404 –Triassic boundary plasticene generation 404 absence from Semanggol 100 indentation experiment migration 404 Bukit Hantu 90 model 316, Fig. 14.10 occurrence 404 –Triassic volcanics palaeomagnetic platform in limestone notch… Fig. lacustrine shale Fig. 16.29 data… Fig. 14.12 2.7 oil Pertang Fault 263 Pleistocene –gas discoveries Fig. 16.6 Petani Formation 153–4 deposits 168 window Fig. 16.29 Petasih, serpentinite 289 Kinta Valley 165 petroleum petroleum sea levels 172, 334 plays 404 Development Act 365 pleonaste, tourmaline-corundum 246 systems 404 plays 381 plutonic rocks, tectonic setting 230 reservoir rocks 404 resource regions Malay Basin Fig. Podozamites pahagenesis 122 Rhu Ridge… Fig. 16.29 16.6 Pokok Sena 70, 263 seal rocks 404 systems, Malay Basin… 373, Fig. cross sections Fig. 12.15 source rocks… 404, Fig. 16.29 16.12 Permian cherts 97 strata age range 175 PETRONAS, (Petroleum Nasional poljes 9 stratigraphy Fig. 8.2, Fig. 8.20 Berhad) v, 1, 365 polybasite, Manson’s Lode 354 structural map Fig. 8.8, Fig. 8.18 Carigali 365 Ponson Conglomerate 111

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porosity Malay Basin rocks Table ptilophyllum cf. pterophylloides 122, Bukit Besi 348 16.7 128 Kecau Tui 358 porphyritic ptygmatic folding, Kramat Pulai 361 biotite granite, Taku 237 Stong Complex 235, 237, Fig. Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 weathering… 18, Table 2.3 11.2 Manson’s Lode 354 microgranite 217 structures 285 Mengapur 354 porphyroblasts, Singa Formation, publications on offshore areas 4 Pelepah Kanan 345 deformed 287 Pulai Formation… 184, Fig. 8.2 Penjom 359 porphyry copper Pulau Raub 359 deposits 354 Dayang Bunting 71, 244, 255 Selinsing 358 system, Tasek Chini 355 lake 16 skarn, Tasek Chini 354 Port Dickson 76 Bunting porphyry 199 Sungai Lembing 340 schist 52 Jong 71 Tersang 359 Port Klang Jemur 259 –wolframite veins 363 Graben, Straits of Malacca 153, Kapas 258, 269, Fig. 12.11 pyroclastic rocks 154, 156, Fig. 7.14 deformation setting 305 age distribution 197 stratigraphy Fig. 7.15 folding 300, Fig. 13.28 Johor islands 205 gravity anomaly map Fig. 14.17 structure 302, 304, 306 Tasek Chini 354 group grabens 150, 154–156 Kerengga, Redang granite… Fig. pyrometasomatic Port Weld Member 161, 165 2.8 skarn, Bukit Besi 348 Pos Blau Langgun 16, 61, 67, 69 tin mineralization 345 chert structure 290 coastal outcrop map Fig. 5.8 pyrophyllite, Jerai 241 suture roadcut… 48, Fig. 4.5 fossils Fig. 5.12 pyrrhotite Pos Mering palaeomagnetism 321 Beatrice Pipe 347 serpentinite 289 Langkawi Bukit Besi 348 suture rocks Fig. 4.5 cross sections Fig. 12.7 Kramat Pulai 361 Posidonia 113 geological map Fig. 12.6 Manson’s Lode 354 Chert Member 97 Pinang 85 Mengapur 354 Conglomerate Member 99 Rebak 23 Penjom 359 Jurong Formation 112 Redang 85 Sungai Lembing 340 kedahensis 107 Sibu volcanic dating 199 wolframite veins 363 Rhythmite Member 98 Singa Besar 69, 71, 282 post-rift recumbent folds 282 phase, Malay Basin 182 Singa Kechil 71 subsidence 177 Tanjong Tembus Dendang 61 Q post-Semantan strata 114 Tepor folds 282 potassic ankaramite, Segamat 209 Tinggi QAP diagram granites Fig. 10.8 potassium-argon dating 211 tuff Fig. 9.7 Qiang-Tang 316 potholes 11 volcanic chemistry Fig. 9.9, Fig. quartz pre-Jurassic formation 9.10 –alkali feldspar-plagioclase deformation 281 volcanic dating 199 plots 224 pre-Semanggol Formation beds 98 Tioman 12, 33 –biotite hornfels 52 prehnite-pumpellyite facies 305, 307 deformed clasts in tuff Fig. 9.7 boudinaged 288 pressure Granite, –cassiterite abnormal 189 Cretaceous 222 stockworks 344 Penyu 196 dating 216 veins 344 compartments, Malay Basin 193 metamorphism 245 Bakri 347 primary pyroclastic rocks 206 dykes 9 textured granite 218 rare earths 208, Fig. 9.11 –feldspathic enclaves 223 tinfields 338 volcanic rocks 207 gangue Proctor, W.D… 1 –granite Fig. 9.8 Kecau Tui 358 production acreage chemistry 207–8, Fig. 9.9, Kramat Pulai 361 1990… Fig. 16.3 Fig. 9.10 –mica schist 45, 51, 52 1999… Fig. 16.4 Timun 244 Port Dickson 52 2006… Fig. 16.5 Tuba 244 –garnet, Taku Schist 238 propylitization folding Fig. 13.11 weathering 20 dacitic dykes, Sungai Lembing 342 structures 282 zones… Fig. 2.10, Fig. 2.12, Mengapur 354 Ular 70 Table 2.5 proto-mylonite 262 structures 282 monzonite porphyry 354 protolith source of granites 232 pull-apart basins 170, 274, 279 Pedas area 263 PSC blocks Malay Basin Putrajaya multiple deformation 285 Pelepah Kanan 345 1990 Table 16.1 pyrargyrite, Manson’s Lode 354 porphyry Fig. 9.2 1999 Table 16.2 pyrite Chini prospect… Fig. 15.12 2006 Table 16.3 Beatrice Pipe 347 dykes, Ulu Sokor 351 pseudo tachylite 260 Buffalo Reef 360 gold relationship 361

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Jerai 241 Ranong Fault… Fig. 15.1 refolded folds 257 Raub 359 rapids 14 Kuala Abang Fig. 13.25 Tasek Chini 354 Rare earth Mersing Beds Fig. 13.21, Fig. 13.22 reef, Gombak 363 granite Pulau Kapas Fig. 13.28 ridge, Klang Gates… Fig. 2.5 plots 228 structures, Kuala Lumpur 284 shear zones, Raub 359 primary textured Fig. 10.18 Tanjung Kempit Fig. 13.24 stability 22 secondary textured 228, 229, regional geological setting 31 sulphide-gold veins, Kecau Fig. 10.18 regolith Tui 358 dyke analyses 210 granite… 11, Fig. 2.8 ‘sweat-outs’ 45, 288 rock/chondrite, Pulau Tioman Fig. thickness 12, 22 –topaz 9.11 weathered 333 –cassiterite 344 Ratburi Limestone 38, 312 remanent magnetism 318 greisenization 344 –Chuping Limestone replacement bodies, Raub 359 reservoir veins 306, 307 platform… Fig. 14.8 parameters, Guntong… Table 16.8 deformation 280, 298 Straits of Malacca 148 permeabilities 378 gold-bearing 356 Raub 43 porosities 378 isoclinally folded 285 Australian Gold Mine 358, 359, quality, Malay Basin 189 Mersing 361 Fig. 13.17, Fig. 15.14 rocks Fig. 16.12 Pelepah Kanan 345 Gold Mine = Bukit Koman –pods, weathering 20, 21 Malay Basin 377, Fig. 16.8 gold mine 359, Penyu Basin 404 structure, structure 292 Raub 360 seals 379 granitoids 229 structure, Guntong Field… Fig. Tersang 359 Group 79, 80, 107, 108, 293, Fig. –sulphide, Penjom 359 16.19 15.14 residual swarms, -sericite, Rawang limestone cement Mengapur 354 bottom placers 337 quarry 363 Quartzite terrane 37, 314, Fig. 3.5 laterite, Pengerang 363 Rb reticulatisporites pudens 122 Quaternary vs MgO of granites Fig. 10.9 reverse faults 307 environments 133 vs Nb + Y discrimination Chuping Formation 282 sediments 157, 164 diagram Fig. 10.20 Rhu Rendang

vs SiO2 of granites Fig. 10.9 deformation 308 vs Sr plot of granites Fig. 10.11 folding 301 R /Sr vs differentiation index for rhyodacite granites Fig. 10.10 Genting Sempah 48 R1 vs R2 diagram of granites 230, dating 199 /Sr vs SiO2 of granites Fig. 10.9 Fig. 10.19 recumbent folds porphyry 199 radar imagery 29, 254–255, 260 Kenny Hill Fig. 5.20 tuff Ma’Okil and Payung Langkawi 282 Endau-Rompin Fig. 9.8 formations Fig. 6.20 Machinchang Formation 281 Lawin 199 Tembeling Group 115, Fig. 6.17 Pantai Dalam 284 volcanic rocks, Semantan 113 Radiolaria Puchong 284 volcanism, Eastern Belt 203 Bentong-Raub Pulau Tuba Fig. 13.11 rhyolite age Fig. 4.1 Singa Formation Fig. 13.12 ash 27, 169 localities Fig. 4.1 Redang Kinta Valley 158 Bukit Kechil 91 bauxite source 22 Beds 85 chert 2, 43, 47 Dinding Schist, Kuala Lumpur Fig. Conglomerate age 303 Member 9.3 granite 221, Fig. 2.7 subdivisions 96 flows 199 landform… Fig. 2.8 Triassic age 96 Genting Sempah 199, Fig. 4.4 Red River Fault Zone 316, 324 Genteng Sempah 48 chemistry Fig. 9.5 Redbeds 114, 292 Pos Blau 48 ignimbrite… Fig. 4.4 Semanggol Formation Bilut 108 Main Range 216 localities Fig. 6.8 continental 43 Manson’s Lode 351 zones Fig. 6.9 central belt 114, 120, 296 mineralogy 201 radiometric age dating eastern belt 124 occurrences Fig. 9.2 granites Fig. 10.3, Table 10.1 Gagau Group 124 Pengerang 363 volcanic rocks 198, Fig 9.1 Ma’Okil Formation 121 phenocrysts 201 programme 2 Mangking Sandstone 118 porphyry, Bukit Kajang 359 rainfall regime 15 member, Koh Formation 120 Pulau Tioman 207 raised beaches 27 possible age 296 tuff 199 Raj, John, Kuna c.v. 3 post Indosinian Orogeny Fig. 14.7 Bukit Ibam 348, 351, Fig. 15.10 ramp margin trapping, Malay sequence 306 Eastern Belt 203 Basin… Fig. 16.14 structures 114 Genting Sempah Fig. 9.4 Ramunia volcanic chemistry Fig. Tembeling Group 119 Semantan Formation 107, 110 9.9, Fig. 9.10 western belt 114 volcanism, explosive 316

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Rhythmite Member, Semanggol beds overlie Semanggol tourmaline-corundum 246 Formation 94, 97 Formation 94, 100 weathering ria coasts, Langkawi 23 Redbeds 100, 114, 265, 280 grades 21 Riau Archipelago 33 conglomerate ridges 100 zones 21, Fig. 2.10, Table 2.5 ribbon cherts, Palaeo-Tethys Salak Scyphocrinoid fossils, Langkawi Fig. Ocean Fig. 14.7 Baru Beds 75 5.12 rift Ridge 259 Scythian phase, Malay Basin 179 South 77 bivalves, Gua Musang related granite 231 Tinggi 77 Formation 105 right-lateral wrenching 115 Salu Island 36 limestones 106 river Samsudin Hj Taib c.v. 3 –Permian conodonts, Krau capture 17, 317 Sanai Limestone Member 65, 67 Satu 104 flooding 15 sand radiolarian age, Chert Member 96 limestone cave… Fig. 2.7 bars 26 sea mouth displacement Fig. 2.11 spits 26 connection, Malay Basin 189 patterns 13, 16 Sand/coal Formation… 184, Fig. 8.2 erosion, notches 11 Peninsula… Fig. 2.9 sandstone sea level 172 terraces 27, 28 Chert Member 95 curve, Sunda Shelf Fig. 3.6 youthfulness 15 Rhythmite Member 97 variation in Sundaland… 28, roads with gravity traverses… Fig. –shale interbeds, Conglomerate 40, Fig. 3.7 14.15 Member 98 high Fig. 7.18 rodingite 51 Santi Holocene Fig. 7.18 rolling terrain 9 ignimbrites, Johor Fig. 9.6 Kinta Valley 159 Rompin delta 16 Pengerang volcanism 205 seabed cores 162, Fig. 7.17 rotation, clockwise, of Saraburi Limestone 40, 312 seal Peninsula… Fig. 3.4 Sarawak Malay Basin Fig. 16.8 rubidium correlation Fig 3.2 formations, Malay Basin… Fig. contents of granites 224 dissimilarity with the Peninsula 32 16.8 palaeomagnetism 324 –strontium rocks 379, Fig. 16.12 Satun Shale 38 dating 211 SEASAT altimeter gravity… Fig 3.1 scapolite, Ledang 243 ratios 224, 227 Seberang Prai 23, 27 scheelite Rumbia Quaternary 164, 165 Bukit Besi 348 Fault 175, 177, 193, Fig. 8.8, Fig. secondary textured granite 217 –cassiterite 344 8.18 chemistry 228 –fluorite ore, Kramat Pulai… Fig. Graben 193, Fig. 8.19 Main Range 218 15.15 Rupat Island 38 Sedili Kecau Tui 358 Ruok Fault Zone, E-W Highway 264, faulting 267 major tungsten ore of the Fig. 12.16 granite fluting… Fig. 2.8 Peninsula 361 volcanic 300 Mengapur 354 Pelepah Kanan 345 Formation 85, 128, 204, 205 S Raub 359 sedimentary Selinsing 358 environments, Malay Basin…… S type granite 231, 339, Fig. 10.14, schist Fig. 8.14, Fig. 8.15 Fig. 10.22 Bentong-Raub suture 51 rock weathering 19 crustal melts 224, 231 Cameron Highlands Fig. 12.4 Segamat 267 Indosinian Orogeny deformation 306 alkaline basalt 40, 209, Fig. 9.1 collision… Fig. 14.7, Fig. 14.8 high Fig. 13.14 age 199 orogen stitching Fig. 14.7, Fig. multiple 289 mineralogy 209 14.8 enclaves… Fig. 11.1 palaeomagnetism 318, Fig. plutons 340 Taku Schist 237 14.11 tin-bearing 211, 316 faulting 289 seismic velocity-depth Sabak Graben, Straits of gneiss 307 relationship… Fig. 8.1 Malacca 156, Fig. 7.13, Fig. Central Belt 304 Selangor 7.14 multiple 288 Palaeozoic 76 Sadao Basin 136 sweat-outs 359 Quaternary 166 Sadong Formation 33 limestone, Kramat Pulai 361 Selayang hot spring 260 sag phase, Malay Basin 179, 187 Series 45, 51, 77, 78, 79, Fig. 4.2 Seligi Sagaing chemistry 53 Field Fault 32, 33 Cheroh Fig. 4.2 development 390 –Sumatra faults… Fig. 3.3 conglomerates 78 exploration 390 Sagenopteris 118, 119 deformation 288 geology 390, 392 Sagor Formation 84 lithology 78 location 390 Saiong structure 47 structure… 390, Fig. 16.20 basin 131 structure stereogram Fig. 13.15 Formation… 184, Fig. 8.2

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Selim syn-sedimentary structures 295 Shikamai, H. S. Lee Beds Fig. 5.18 pluton chemistry plots 228 unconformity Fig. 6.11 shore secondary textured granite 218 upper boundary 109 face sandstones 378 Selinsing gold mine 358 Semenyih hot spring 260, 268 lines 172 Selut Schist 45, 48, Fig. 4.4 Sempah Conglomerate… 48, Fig. shoshonite structure 285 4.4 series Fig. 10.15 Semanggol Senang Island 36 Benta 219 Basin 129, Fig. 6.2, Fig. 6.8, Fig. Seremban field 227 14.9 Fault Zone 262 shuttle radar environment 99 RADARSAT Fig. 12.13 imagery… Fig. 2.1, Fig. 2.2 foredeep Fig. 14.8 faults 268 topography 250 post-Carnian closure 100 hot springs 269 rhyolite & tuff 204–205, proximity to Kodiang Serentang Tuffs 118 Fig. 9.7 Limestone 99 Seri Gading = Batu Pahat Sibumasu 2, 38, 86, 114, 314, 316, rift 316 Seri Jaya Beds 82, 83 Fig. 3.4–3.5, Fig. 14.1 starved of terrestrial input 99 folded and slumped Fig. 5.23 before Indosinian Orogeny… Fig. correlation with Sumatran Kuala Serian Volcanic Formation of 14.7 Formation 100 Sarawak 32 block 309 Formation 93, Fig. 4.1 sericitisation cartoon Fig. 14.8 correlated with Mutus Raub 360 Cathaysialand contrast 310 Assemblage 100 Selinsing mine 358 collision 271 depositional setting 99 granite outlier 23 continental drift… Fig. 14.6 discussion 99 serpentinite 253, 271, 289 diamictites 315 drag 263 Bentong-Raub Suture 43, 45, 47, drift from Gondwanaland 312, member ages 94 51–52, Fig 4.2, Table 4.1 Fig. 14.7 radiolarian zones Fig. 6.9 Bukit Ibam 349, 351 extrusion tectonics… Fig. 14.10 Gondwana attachment stratigraphy and Bukit Rokan 289 position 322, Fig. 14.5 sedimentology 94 deformation 289 palaeolatitudes… Fig. 14.2 strike ridges 263 shear zones 289 regional extent… Fig. 3.4 structure 94, 283 Taku Schist 238 Upper Carboniferous position 310 tight folding 97 Serting River 17 Yunnan 310 –Mutus rift basin 38, Fig. 14.9 Setapak hot springs 260, Fig. 12.13 Sihapas Group 153–56 –Saiong unconformity 114 Setul silicification Semangkok Boundary Range 6, 11, 16, 61 Mengapur 354 Field 189 Formation 244, 255 Penjom 359 development 392 deformation 286 Raub 360 exploration 392 slumps 282 Selinsing mine 358 geology 392 Group (Formation) 38, 61, 69 Tersang 359 location 392 stratigraphy Table 5.1 tinfields 340 structure 392 Limestone 10, 38, 153 sillimanite Semantan metamorphism 245 garnet-biotite gneiss, Stong asymmetrical folds 295 palaeolatitude 322 Complex 236 axial planar cleavage 295 too far south 324 hornfels 245 Basin 116, 129, 316, Fig. 6.1,Fig. palaeomagnetism 321 Jerai 241 14.9 data map Fig. 14.13 Ledang 243 development 113, 114 Straits of Malacca 148, 152 Taku Schist 239 fore arc Fig. 14.8 Seurula Formation 152 Tioman 245 gravity high… 328, Fig. 14.14, Sewell Rise 33 silver, Manson’s Lode 354 Fig. 14.16 shale Simao… Fig. 14.1 termination 114 Chert Member 95 Simpang Formation 103, 105–106, 113, black Formation 146, 158, 160–161, 307 Kodiang Limestone 88 165–169,172 Bouma sequence Fig 6.13 weathering 20 fossil age 160 correlation 107 –quartzite beds, Conglomerate Pulai marble deformation 297, 308 Member 98 mining Fig. 15.16 folding 296, Fig. 13.20 Shan-Thai Terrain 309 polishing 363 = Gunung Rabong Formation shear Singa Formation 37, 38, 69, 86, 256, Jengka Pass 109 olistostrome, E-W Highway Fig. 312, Fig. 5.16, Fig. 14.4 lower boundary 108 13.14 deformed porphyroblasts 287 palaeontology 113 zones facies 70 sedimentology 110 dextral 257 Pulau Singa Besar Fig. 13.12 slumps 295 Mersing Beds 298 Straits of Malacca 148, 155 stratigraphy 111, Fig. 6.14, Fig. serpentinite 289 structures 282 6.15 rocks, Karak Highway 285 Singapore 36 structure 36, 107, 111, 278 sepentinite 289 norite 221

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Sinoburmalaya = Sibumasu continental drift… Fig. 14.6 Stong migmatite Complex 219, 233, Sintok, Kedah escape tectonics Fig. 14.10 265–266, 269, 304, 308, Fig. batholiths 100 map Fig. 14.1 10.6, Fig. 11.1–11.2, Fig.13.10 wolframite 363 palaeolatitudes Fig. 14.2 Cretaceous 222 Siputeh, Kinta Valley 246 Sea basins 133 dating 216 skarn Southeast Asian tin metamorphism 305 copper-bearing… Fig. 15.12 belt 211 facies diagram… Fig. 11.3 deposit 339 fields Fig. 15.1 granite textures 219 iron 351 Southern overlying strata 239 Kramat Pulai 361 Graben, Straits of Malacca 154, Straits of Malacca Map Fig. 15.4 Fig. 7.11 Angsa Graben Fig. 7.14 mineralogy Table 15.3 Straits basins 152, 154 Central Graben Fig. 7.11 garnet, Tasek Chini 354 Southwest Borneo… Fig. 14.1 exploration 365 iron-tin 348 Spathian conodonts 90 grabens 133, 148 Langkawi 245 Krau Satu 104 Johor Graben Fig. 7.16 magnetite 348 specularite-pyrite mineralization 351 Northern Graben Fig. 7.10 Mengapur 354 sphalerite Port Klang Graben Fig. 7.14 mineralization 351 Kecau Tui 358 Sabak Graben Fig. 7.13, Fig. 7.14 tin 345 Kramat Pulai 361 sand banks 148 tin 346 Manson’s Lode 354 Southern Graben Fig. 7.11 –iron-bearing… Fig 15.4 Mengapur 354 stratigraphy 150, Fig. 7.8 weathered 354 Penjom 359 structural grain 153 slate 45 Selinsing 358 Tertiary Basins Fig. 7.7, Table 7.3 calcareous, Raub 359 Sungai Lembing 340, 341 strata slaty cleavage 307 Tasek Chini 354, 355 –bound barite, Trengan 363 slickensides 254, 263, 268 –wolframite veins 363 similarity with Sumatra… Fig. 3.5 stratigraphy slope gradients, Peninsula… Fig. spider diagrams, granites 228 Bukit Arang Basin Fig. 7.2 2.2, Table 2.2 Central Belt Fig. 10.17 Central Graben Fig. 7.12 slump Eastern Belt Fig. 10.17 Dulang Field… Fig. 16.18 deposits 271 Main Range Fig. 10.16 Gagau Group Fig. 6.22 directions, Kodiang Limestone 92 sponge spicules, Kodiang groups, Malay Basin 184 folds Limestone 90 Guntong Field, Malay Basin… Fig. Chert Member 95 spreading axis, Andaman Sea… Fig. 8.13 Kodiang Limestone 90 3.3 Jerneh Field… Fig. 16.27 horizons, Semantan 111 Sr vs CaO of granites Fig. 10.9 Jurong Formation Fig 6.12 Smithian conodonts 90 Sra Kaeo suture 38, 43, Fig. 3.6, Fig. Kampar Table 5.2 Gua Musang Formation 104 14.1 Kodiang Limestone Fig. 6.4 soft-sediment deformation, Sri Koh Formation Fig. 6.16 Semantan 114 Bangun, cassiterite in iron ore 348 letter groups 184 Song Ma suture 310, Fig. 14.1 Jaya Formation 245 Lexicon 55 Southeast Asian granite belts Fig. SRTM DEM imagery 251, 252 Ma’Okil Formation Fig. 6.19 10.1 stalactites and stalagmites… 169, Malay Basin 182, Fig. 8.2, Fig. 8.7, Sotong Fig. 2.7 Fig. 8.11 Field, Malay Basin… 186, Fig. stannite Mesozoic formations Fig. 6.24 8.12 –cassiterite 344 north Sumatra Fig. 7.9 development 401 Beatrice Pipe 347 Northwest Domain Fig. 5.3 exploration 401 Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 numbers, Malay Basin 184 geology 401 Manson’s Lode 354 onland Tertiary Basins Table 7.2 location 401 Stauffer, P.H… 1 Palaeozoic Fig. 5.2 sedimentary model Fig. 8.12 staurolite-garnet-biotite schist, Stong Payung Formation Fig. 6.21 stratigraphy Fig. 8.12 Complex 236 Penyu Basin 194, Fig. 8.2, Fig. structure Fig. 16.28 steer-head profile, Malay Basin 179 8.20, Fig. 16.29 sandstone and shale… 184, Fig. 8.2 stibnite Port Klang Graben Fig. 7.15 structure 401 Buffalo Reef 360 Seligi Field… Fig. 16.20 source rocks Fig. 16.12 –cassiterite 344 Semantan Formation Fig. 6.14, Fig. fluvio-deltaic 375 Kramat Pulai 361 6.15 Malay Basin 374, 380 Raub 359 Setul Group Table 5.1 characteristics Fig. 16.8, Fig. Selinsing 358 similarity with Sumatra 36 16.10 Tasek Chini 355 Sotong Field Fig. 8.12 pods… Fig. 16.9 stilbite stability 22 Straits of Malacca 150, Fig. 7.8 maturation and expulsion Fig. stockworks Tembeling 16.11 mineralogy 344 Formation, Jengka Pass Fig. 6.18 Penyu Basin 404 quartz-cassiterite 344 Group Fig. 6.16 South China tin 344 West Natuna Basin Fig. 8.2 Carboniferous 310 stolzite, Kramat Pulai 361 zones of Peninsula Fig. 5.1

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stream patterns 13 submarine fan deposits 111 Jempul 109 stress relief, metamorphic submarine exhalative Kuroko Johor 15, 24 weathering 20 deposits 351, 354, 360 Kawan 263 strike sulphides Kedah 23, 25 ridges of the Peninsula 249, Fig. Bukit Besi iron mine… Fig. 15.9 Kelah hot spring 269 12.2, Fig. 12.3 Kuroko deposits 351, Table 15.2 Kelantan 14, 15, 16, 25 –slip fault 250, 257, 263, 269, Manson Lode Fig. 15.11 beach ridges 26 274, 280, 288, Pelepah Kanan 345 Keliu 83 Bok Bak 263 Sumalayang Limestone member 84 Kemaman Quaternary 168 conjugate 280 Sumatra Kenerong 233, 265 reactivation 308 basins 5, 28 Keniyam Kecil Triassic Semanggol Basin 99 correlation with the Peninsula 33, limestone 104 wrenching 278, 279 Fig. 3.5 Kenong Triassic limestone 104 –slip pull apart basin 177 Fault 33, Fig.3.3, Fig. 12.1 Kepis 82 stringers, tin 344 geological cross sections Fig. 7.9 Kerum 116 stromatolites, Kodiang Limestone 88 North, extensions of the Kodiang Klang 27 strontium Limestone 93 Koh 119 isochrons of granites Fig. 10.3 N–S faults 268 Kuantan 15 isotope shape 249 Quaternary 168 ratios of granites 211, Fig. 10.3 strike slip fault margin 32 Langat 25 values, Genteng 202 structural grain Fig. 12.1 Lebir 254 structure western tarrains deposit 351 Angsi Field… Fig. 16.24, Fig. stratigraphy… Fig. 14.3 Gua Musang Formation 105 16.25 Sun Malaysia Petroleum Lembing Bukit Koman gold mine Fig. 13.17 Company 153 Cornish lodes 340 Dulang Field Fig 16.17 Sunda lode geometry 340 evolution 305 Basin 36 metamorphism 245 geology reviews 271 fold 194 Permian granite 340 grain play, Penyu Basin 404 tin mine 338 Peninsular Malaysia Fig. 12.1 Land 5, 31, 41 geology… Fig. 15.1, Fig. 15.5 Straits of Malacca 153 15,580 years ago… Fig. 3.7 Lepar 266 Gua Musang Formation Fig. 13.19 anticlockwise rotation 324 Linggiu 84 history, Malay Basin Fig. 8.9 GPS 324 Quaternary 167 inversion, Malay Basin… Fig. 8.10 greater during low sea levels Fig. Lipis 27 Jerneh Field… Fig. 16.26 3.6 Lotong 126 Jurassic-Cretaceous strata Fig. regolith 334, Fig. 15.2 Mangking 117 13.8 southern, anticlockwise Mangkuk 119 Krau Satu road Fig. 13.18 rotation 324 Merbok Quaternary 164 Malay Basin 181, Fig. 8.8 weathering 28 cross sections… Fig. 8.7 Shelf 31, 172, 334 Mersing 25 Mersing Beds Fig. 13.21 arcuate trends Fig. 3.5 Muar 17, 28 Penyu Basin Fig. 8.8, Fig. 8.18 bathymetry Fig. 3.6 Muda 23 map Fig. 8.8, Fig. 8.18 sea levels 40 Pahang 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 168, sections… Fig. 8.19 valleys 193 Semangkok Field… Fig. 16.21 subduction trench Fig 3.3 delta 167, 175 Semantan Formation Fig. 13.20 Sungai Pandan 15 Sotong Field… Fig. 16.28 Aring 81, 107, 119, 254 Patani Formation 71, Fig. 11.6 Sumatra similarity with the deposit 351 Pelepak Kanan 15 peninsula 36, Fig. 3.4 Badong 124 Pelong gold 355, 361 Tapis Field… ig. 16.22 Bebar beach ridges 26 Penjuring 291 Tertiary basins Table 7.4 Benus 15 Perak 14, 16, 23, 25 Tinggi Field… Fig. 16.23 Bera 16 coastal plain 23 traps, Malay Basin 385 Bernam coastal plain 23 rhyolite ash 169 trends Fig. 3.1, Fig. 3.2 Besi Tin Mine 27 Perdah, Kelantan, barite 363 Kedah Fig. 12.15 alluvium 166 Pergau limestones 51 Peninsula to Borneo… Fig. 3.2, Chekir anomaly 351 Perlis 25, 84 Fig. 3.4 Chiku Triassic bivalves Daonella, Beds 82, 84 struverite in amang 339 Posidonia 104, 105 structure 304 subaerial emergence, Gua Musang Dohol 84 Pertang Pandak, chert 110 Formation 105 Dungun, Quaternary 168 Pulai 24 subduction Endau 25 Relai 107 beneath East Malaya 316 Galas, Kelantan 238, Fig. 11.4 Renyok, Stong Complex, 235, 266 PalaeoTethys Ocean Fig. 14.8 Jajawi 24 outcrops Fig. 13.10 related volcanics 316 Jeleteh, Gua Musang Rompin 8 zone 43 Formation 104 Sam, Gua Musang Formation 105

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Sungai (continued) age 237, 239 structure & details Field Fig. Selangor facies diagram… Fig. 11.5 16.22 dam 260 metamorphism dating 304 Formation and Sandstone 184, peat swamp 166 mineralogy, 237, 238 Fig. 8.2 Serai 269 overlying strata 239 oil discovery 365 Siput rhyolite 199 structure 237 structure 394 Taku 82 talc, Bukit Ibam 349 Tarim Block palaeolatitudes… Fig. Tanglir 15 Talchir Boulder Beds 314, Fig. 14.5 14.2 Tebak 128 Tambelan Island 33 Tarutao Tekai 115, 116, Fig. 13.5 Tampin 268 Formation 38, 60 Tembeling Formation Fig. 6.18 knolls 12 Island 60, Fig. 5.6 Telong, Tampur Formation 152, 153 Canning Basin 314 Carnian bivalves 105 Tan, D.N.K. c.v. 2 Tasek Ladinian bivalves 105 Tanah Merah volcanism age 198 Bera 16, 79, Fig. 2.9 Tembeling map Fig. 13.5 Tanchintongia, H. S. Lee beds 75, drainage divide Fig. 2.7 Terengganu 16, 25 Fig 5.18 peat 163 Quaternary 168 Tanjong Chini 16, 17, 245 Teris Semantan Formation 107 Balau, Johor 307, Fig. 12.9 barite 363 Tiang Conglomerate Member 98 deformation 308 massive sulphides Table 15.2 Trengan barite 363 Mersing beds folds Fig. 13.21 Prospect 354 Ulu Sedili 85 structures Fig. 13.22 Dayang Bunting 16 Yih 118 Batu Gelugor Quaternary 164 surmicaceous enclaves 223 Quaternary 167 Tate, Robert c.v. 3 suture zone 271 Sireh dykes 221 Tawar radiolarian localities… Fig. 4.1 Beruntum felsic volcanic 207 conodonts in Chert Member 97 rocks… Fig. 4.1 Champadek dykes 318 Formation = Chert Member swales 163 Chendering folds Fig. 13.26, Fig. Tebak swallow holes 11 13.27 Basin 267 swamp 15, 16, 23 Dendang Formation 61, 64, 71, Formation 127, 128, 131 deposits 168 Fig. 5.11 Tebing Tinggi 24 drainage for agriculture 16 Duabelas Quaternary 166 tectogenic glass 260 east coast 26, 168 Gelang tectonic vegetation, east coast 25 folding 300 cross-sections 316 syenite Quaternary 168 evolution 271, 309 Benta 219 transposed folds Fig. 13.27 Malay & Penyu basins 177, Fig. Perhentian Kecil 221 Jaga 240, Fig. 11.6 8.11, Fig. 16.8 syn-collisional granites Fig. 10.20 Jara folding 301 grain of Peninsula Fig. 3.4 Main Range 230 Kelang, metamorphism 245 setting, plutonic rocks 230 synplutonic dykes 211 Kempit 244 subdivisions, Malaysia and Perhentian 221 Mersing Beds Fig. 13.24 Sumatra Fig. 14.4 syn-rift multiple folding 298 Tekai deposits, Penyu Basin… Fig. 8.20 Kling, Malacca 23 anticline Fig. 13.4, Fig. 13.6 environment, Malay Basin… 182, Leman 85, 258, 299 syncline Fig. 13.4 185,Fig. 8.14 structures 306 Tekali quartz ridge 259, Fig 13.13 syn-sedimentary Malim 76, 77 Tekam Tuffs 83 deformation 279 chert 52 Tekka, Kinta Valley faulting, Semantan 113 Mat Amin Clays 159 tin structures 272 folding 300 deposit… 344, Fig. 15.6 syntaxis, Yunnan-Assam 316 structures 301 Murau 117, 257, 258 mine, Kinta Valley 339 structure 298, 306 map locality… Fig. 15.15 Rambutan 133, 135 tektites 335 T Tok Mat, palaeomagnetism 321 Telaga Jatoh Formation 67 tantalite inclusions in cassiterite 347 telescoping of minerals 344 Ta and Nb in cassiterite lattice 347 Tapah gold panning 358 tellurides, Penjom 359 Tabak, fault bounded 274 Tapanulu Group 37 Teluk Prai Tawar Quaternary 164 Tahan tapiolite inclusions in Telong Formation Anticline 120 cassiterite 344, 347 deformation 297 Anticlinorium 280 Tapis Gua Musang Formation 81, 103, Range 8, 265 –1 cores 162 105, 107, 119 Taiping Field Teluk beach ridges 165 development 394 Anak Datai 60 granite chemistry 228 exploration 394 Intan Taku Schist 82, 237, 254, 266, 294, geology 394 Member 161 Fig. 11.4 location 392 peat 165

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Mempelam 65, 69, Fig. 5.8 structures 300 thrust Ramunia Termus Shale 274, Fig. 6.16, Fig. Kenny Hill 287 Quaternary 167 6.18, Fig. 13.5 vergence 308 volcanic rocks 207 Barremian 116–119 Thung chemistry 207 cleavages 274 Song Limestone 38, 60 Temangan ignimbrite 203, Fig. 9.2 Terolak Formation 52, 76 Wa Shale 38 Tembeling Formation or Group 40, terraces 9, 27 Thye On beds 73 81, 85, 107, 109, 115, 116, erosional 9 tidal 118, 122, 272, 296, 317, Fig. terrain estuarine sands, Malay Basin 188 6.18, Fig. 13.5 classes… Table 2.2 flats 23 age 118 model 6, Fig 2.1 swamps, Kelantan… Fig. 2.14 anticline Fig. 13.6 Peninsular Malaysia Fig. 2.1, Fig. Tiga Puluh basins 114, 274 2.3 Group 37 conglomerates 17, 109 terranes Mountains 36, Fig. 3.4, Fig. 3.5 deformation 280 bounding faults 253 Tikus in Billiton 339 environment 119 crossing faults 258 tilloids occurrences Sibumasu, SE folds Fig. 13.3, Fig. 13.6 drift pattern 315, Fig. 14.6 Asia Fig. 14.3 model Fig. 13.9 palaeolatitudes Fig. 14.2 Timah Tasoh Formation 67, 69, Fig. NNW–SSE-trending 274 parallel faults 255 5.14 style 274 separated from timing foliation 274 Gondwanaland… Fig. 14.1 hydrocarbon events Fig. 16.12 metamorphism 305 Southeast Asia… Fig. 14.1 structural events Table 13.1 mountains 115 terrestrial redbeds 87 tin outcrops Fig. 13.1, Fig. 13.2 Tersang gold deposit 359 aplites Fig. 15.3 palaeomagnetic data map 318, Tertiary belt, Fig. 14.11 basins bifurcating 338 RADARSAT image Fig. 6.17, Fig. correlation 146 SE Asia 211 deposits 13.4 fault distribution… Fig. 15.3 redbeds 109 control 287 impounded at granite slumping 273 related 146 contact 340 strata, fault bounded 274 onland 133–134, Table 7.1 related to granites 340 stratigraphy Fig. 6.16 stratigraphy Table 7.2 Southeast Asia… Fig. 15.1 structure 274, Fig. 6.18 Straits of Malacca 148, Fig. 7.7, dredge, Batu Gajah 2, Fig. 15.16 thrusts Fig. 13.3 Table 7.3 fields Temenggor Lake 16, 265 structure and kinematics Table primary 338 7.4 Southeast Asia Fig. 15.1 olistostrome 295 sediments deformation 308 grades of placer fields… Table road 107, 110 Tethys 15.1 Templer Park, Kuala Lumpur… 347, = see Palaeo- and Meso-Bentong– hydrothermal veins map Fig. 15.3 Fig. 2.6 Raub suture islands of Indonesia Fig. 10.1 Temurun Beds 58 Ocean 315 lodes of Sungai Lembing… Fig. Tengchong Carboniferous-Triassic Fig. 14.6 15.5 –Baoshan terrain 312 closure 197 mineral flora 312 Kodiang Limestone 92 associations 339 tennantite, Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 palaeogeographic belts… Fig. 15.13 Tenggaroh 85 reconstructions Fig 14.6 mineralization 40, 217 Tenggol tetradymite, Mengapur 354 mining Arch 175, 177–178, 182, 193, tetrahedrite 2004… 331 Fig. 8.1, Fig. 8.3, Fig. 8.6, Kecau Tui 358 collapse 1 Fig. 8.8–8.9, Fig. 8.18, Fig. gold content 358 decline 331 16.6–16.7, Fig. 16.16 Penjom 359 pegmatites, Fig. 15.3 trapping… Fig. 16.14 Selinsing 358 pipe, Beatrice Mine… Fig. 15.8 Fault Fig. 8.9 textures of granites, Main Range Fig. production… Table 15.1 seismic Fig. 8.10 10.4 regional distribution 331 Terapai Metasiltstones 83 Thailand correlation with the skarns map… Fig. 15.4 Terengganu peninsula 38, Fig 3.6 Tinggi continental conglomerates 303 thermal gradient == see geothermal Field deformation timing 303 gradient details Fig. 16.23 faults 268 tholeiitic development 397 Formation… 184, 196, Fig. 8.2, dykes 210 exploration 395 Fig. 8.20 series 224, 227 geology 397 Penyu Basin… Fig. 8.20 Three Pagodas Pass Fault 38, 177, location 394 Highlands 9 Fig. 3.6, Fig. 8.4 structure Fig. 16.23 Quaternary 168 thrombolites, Kaki Bukit island volcanism 204, 205 Shale 184, 196, Fig. 8.2, Fig. 8.20 Limestone 65, Fig. 5.10 structure 394

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Tinjar Fault 324 Trengan barite 363 fault bounded 274 volcanism 204, 205 Triassic volcanism 207 Titi area gold flakes 358 conodonts Fig. 6.5–6.7 Kenong, Triassic bivalves 104 Tjia in retirement 1 deformation timing 307 Klang Fault 258, Fig. 13.13 Toh Tuck, Jurong Formation 112 depocentres Fig. 6.1 Langat 77, 344 Tok Bidan Graben 131, 179, Fig. granite scheelite 363 8.8, Fig. 16.6 arc Fig 3.5 Lepar Semantan Formation 107 tombolo, Langkawi 23 palaeomagnetic data… Fig. Muar Limited 143 Tomo Fault 253, 265, 266 14.12 Sedili granite fluting Fig. 2.7 Tonkin Flora of Hongay 33 Kodiang Limestone 90 Sokor topography limestone blocks, Gua Musang Kuroko massive sulphides Table elevation units… Table 2.1 Formation 106 15.2 Peninsular 6 palaeogeographic map SE strata bound deposits 351 topaz Asia Fig. 14.9 Sungai Perak gold flakes 358 –aplite at Gunong Bakau 347 redbeds near Raub… Fig. 15.14 unconformity, Gunung Jerai 347 strata folding 295 Malay Basin 182, 188 Total organic carbon 374 trilobite tracks, Jerai Formation Fig. Semantan-limestone Fig. 6.11 Malay Basin… Fig. 16.10 5.7 undercompaction, Malay Basin 193 source rocks Fig. 16.10 triple junction failed, Malay underground river, Gua tourmaline Basin… 177, Fig. 8.4 Tempurung… Fig. 2.7 –corundum rocks… 73, 245, Fig. trodhjemite undulating terrain 9 11.10 clast 70 Johor… Fig. 2.4 chemistry 246 dropstones 312 uplift of Peninsula 22 origin 247 series 224 Upper Gunung Jerai 347 trough topography 11 Arenaceous Series 77 Kinta Valley 246 tufa 11 Clay 173 Kramat Pulai 361 tuff Detrital Member 67 Main Range 218 Chini prospect… Fig. 15.12 Setul Limestone 65 tin association 344 Koh Formation 120 uvalas 9 tourmalinization 217 Manson Lode… 351, Fig. 15.11 uranium contents, granites 227 tinfields 340 Semantan tower karst 9 Basin 114 trace Formation 110 element plots 228 graded 110 V fossils, Jerai Formation 60 rhyolitic 110 valleys, infilled 26 transextensional tectonics 317 tuffaceous varlamoffite with cassiterite 344 Transitional Unit… 338, Fig. 15.2 conglomerate 110 vein placers 337 Gua Musang Formation rocks 103 deposit properties… Table 15.4, transposed Selensing metasediments 358 Table 15.5 fabric 288 Tuhur Basin, Sumatra Fig. 14.9 swarms, Tekka mine… 344, Fig. folds, Tanjong Geliga Fig. 13.27 tungsten 15.6 foliation 288 deposits 361 tin 344 transpression 254, 257, 266, 280 Kramat Pulai mine Fig. 15.15 venite, Stong Complex 233 Bok Bak 263 skarn 361 vergence of olistostrome Central Belt 297 tungstite, Kramat Pulai 361 deformation 291 deformation 296, 300, 303, 307 turbidite vesuvianite folding 279, Fig. 13.9 Gunung Rabong Formation Kramat Pulai 361 orogenic deformation 307 beds 105, 106 Ledang 243 tectonics 317 Semanggol Formation virtual geographical pole 318 transtension 260, 272 characters 99 transverse ranges 278, 317 Viséan shales, Sungai Semantan Formation 111–113 Tembeling Formation Fig. 6.17, Lembing… 340, Fig. 15.5 Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur 76 Fig. 13.4, Fig. 13.9 vitrinite reflectance 380 two-phase granite variants 217, 228 trap Batu Arang 140, 142, 143 texture Fig. 10.5 formation 381, Fig. 16.12 Malay Basin 189 Malay Basin Fig. 16.7, Fig. Vjalovognathus conodonts… Fig. 16.14, Fig. 16.15 14.6 normal faults 383 U volcanic styles 381 arc Tras redbeds 292 Udang Formation… Fig. 8.2 granites Fig. 10.20 tremolite Ulu Eastern Belt 230 Beatrice Pipe 347 Endau mineralization 351 Kramat Pulai 361 Arenaceous Formation 127 ash, Kampong Durian Leong Sin Nam Pipe 347 Basin 267 Chondong 143 schist Table 4.1 Beds 126 bombs 205

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clasts metamorphic rock 20, Fig. 2.10, wollastonite, Ledang 243 in granite, Pulau Tioman Fig. Table 2.5 wood, silicified 9.8 morphological zones… Table 2.3, Lotong Sandstone 126 size 205 Table 2.4 Ulu Endau 127 –exhalative iron deposits 351 processes 17, 18 Woyla Block Fig. 3.4 rocks schist 21 wrench Buffalo Reef 360 sedimentary rock 19 faulting Carboniferous–Permian 312 stability 22 Malay Basin 182 chemistry Table 9.2 zones 17 right-lateral 317 distribution, Peninsular porphyritic biotite granite tectonics, Eastern belt 129 wrigglite skarns 345 Malaysia Fig. 9.2 weathering 18 Gagau Group 126 quartz mica schist Fig. 2.10, Johor islands 205 Table 2.5 welded tuff 204 Manson’s Lode 351 X Genting Sempah Fig. 9.4 radiometric ages Fig. 9.1 Johor 205 Tasek Chini 354 X-ray diffraction data, Eastern Belt rhyolitic, Santi Fig. 9.3 tuffs, Santi area, Johor Fig. 9.6 granites 222 West volcanoclastics Penjom Mine 358 xenoliths Baram Line 31, 324, volcanogenic country rocks 224 Myanmar map Fig. 14.1 deposit properties… Table 15.2 Stong Complex 219 Natuna Basin 175, Fig. 8.1 xenothermal veins 339 –exhalative stratigraphy… Fig. 8.2 gold relationship 361 xenotime in amang 339 tectonic development… Fig. 8.4 Xihuashan region 339 tin 338 Penang graben 155 origin of iron deposits 347 Sumatra Block Fig. 3.4 Western Belt 55, 86, 249 Y W granite trend Fig. 10.22 Mesozoic 88 Yala district, South Thailand 339 Yangzi Platform 311 wackestones mineralization… Fig. 15.3, Fig. 15.4 Gondwanaland… Fig. 14.5 Gua Panjang 104 stratigraphy Fig. 5.2 Yong Peng redbeds 122 Kodiang Limestone 90 structural analysis 286 Young Alluvium 158, 161, 165, 333, Wan Hasiah Abdullah c.v. 3 volcanism 199 Fig. 15.2 Wang Kelian 263 Boulder Clays 159, 334 Younger Sedimentary Cover……. Fig. Formation 67, 68 coastal plains 23 15.2 Red Beds 68 Gold Belt 356 yttrotungstite, Kramat Pulai 361 Wang Tangga cave 170 Hinge-line Fault Zone 175, 177, Yunnan Syntaxis 316–317 wangs 9 178, 182, Fig. 8.5 Wangsa Maju = Bukit Dinding lode channel, Raub 359 waterfalls 14 tin province belt 211 Z watershed, Bentong area 15 Willinks wave-cut notches 11, 172 Fault 342 Zamites microphylla 119 Kedah 23 Tin Lode… Fig. 15.5 zircon waxy oils 377 within plate granites Fig. 10.20 amang 339 weathering wolframite stability 22 grades 18 –cassiterite 344 zonation of Kinta Valley, Fig. 15.15 granite profile Fig. 2.8, Table 2.3 Kramat Pulai 361 Zr vs SiO2 granites, Fig. 10.9, Fig. Kenny Hill Formation Fig. 2.9, Kuala Sungai Perong 343 10.12 Fig. 2.11, Table 2.4 quartz veins 363

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