DOCSLIB.ORG

Print Culture and the Globalization of the Occult in the Long Nineteenth Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Print Culture and the Globalization of the Occult in the Long Nineteenth Century Secrecy Redefined: Print Culture and the Globalization of the Occult in the Long Nineteenth Century Submitted by Lori Lee Oates to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History In March 2016 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 2 Abstract This thesis seeks to examine the relationship between occult religion and the global circulation of texts. For some time now, scholars have rejected the secularism thesis or the idea that there has been a decline of religion in the post-Enlightenment period. Today, we largely accept that religion did not actually decline or disappear but, rather, it has changed form. Religion shifted from traditional religious institutions to become an aspect of aesthetic culture, available through the commercial economy. My work explores how the relationship between the book and commercial religion emerged and evolved during the long nineteenth century. Occultism has long been viewed as an aspect of the rise of secular society following the Enlightenment. This thesis proposes a new lens through which we can view the evolution of occultism, seeing it as a response to growth in global networks of empire and the commercialization of religion through the printed word. It explores how the nature of the transmission of occultism shifted, particularly during the final decades of the nineteenth century. Antoine Faivre’s foundational text Access to Western Esotericism (1994) put forward the concept of the transmission of occultism as something that occurs between a disciple and an initiate. My thesis, however, argues that the widening of print activity and literacy expanded the opportunities for initiation into magic to occur more broadly, changing the nature of who could become an initiate. As such, secrecy around magic became redefined. It shifted from being a pursuit of the literate elite to something that was widely available. This analysis is delivered in four chapters. The introduction examines the relationship between literature and nineteenth-century occultism. It also discusses the influence of globalization. Chapter one discusses the occult in post-revolutionary France and the influence of Egyptian orientalism on French occultism. Chapter two addresses Victorian occultism and discusses the context of a growing Victorian literary industry. Chapter three addresses the Theosophical Society as an agent of globalized and commercialized religion. It also addresses the importance of British imperialism in India. Finally, chapter four discusses the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and the resurgence of Egyptian orientalism and elitism in British occultism. 3 Acknowledgements This project began in 2009 when I entered the M.Phil. (Humanities) program at Memorial University of Newfoundland. I had developed a fascination with the texts of what was being loosely called New Age religion. Many of the texts I was reading were New York Times best sellers including Return to Love, The Power of Now, and Eat Pray Love. A lot of these texts had gained popularity through Oprah Winfrey’s book club. I was curious about this fascination with religion that was manifesting itself in the private sector and on television. Discovering why this shift in religion had taken place became the work of my M.Phil. Degree. However, I felt far from done with the topic. I am extremely grateful that in 2012 the University of Exeter offered me an international doctoral studentship to pursue this research further. This enabled me to go back to the nineteenth-century roots of contemporary religion and start a broader examination of the trajectory of religion. As such, my debts are many and they exist on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Beyond the generous funding provided at the University of Exeter, thanks are also extended to the Society for the Study of French History (SSFH) that awarded me a research grant to visit the Bibliothèque National de France. I also received conference bursaries from the North American Victorian Studies Association (NAVSA) and SSFH. I was fortunate to receive a scholarship to visit the Gladstone Library in 2014. I gratefully acknowledge the support of my supervision team, Professor Regenia Gagnier, Richard Noakes, Joseph Crawford, Catherine Rider, and Laura Sangha. There are not enough words to express how much I have learned from Regenia about globalization, the future of the humanities, and overall academic project management. It was Richard who had the vision and foresight to see that not only could a global and imperial history be done of the nineteenth-century occult but indeed one needed to be done. Joe provided much needed insight on European and literary history. Catherine and Laura provided excellent academic advice as mentors. It was Sean McGrath at Memorial University of Newfoundland who wisely introduced me to the literature of Western Esotericism and essentially put me on this path. I was also very fortunate to draw on the expertise of Seamus O’Neill, Jennifer Dyer, Jay Foster, Professor Kim Parker, Alison Butler, and Michelle Rebidoux during my time at Memorial. Thanks are also extended to my many colleagues at the Exeter Centre for Global and Imperial History and the Centre for Victorian Studies. My time at Exeter has been spent largely marveling at the quality of the other scholars in the room. Finally, thank you to my internal and external examiners, Paul Young and Professor Rohan McWilliam respectively. I have attended many conferences during the time that I worked on this project. Thanks are extended for the feedback I received from the American Academy of Religion (regional meeting), Association for the Study of Esotericism, European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism (ESSWE), SSFH, NAVSA, Canadian Historical Association, Social History Society, Nineteenth-Century Postgraduate Seminar, and the Sophia Centre Conference on Celestial Magic. In particular, I wish to thank the committee members of SSFH and the board members of ESSWE. I would like to thank Jean-Pierre Brach at the Sorbonne for his support during my research trips to Paris. Also, I would like to thank Henrick Bogden at the University of Gothenburg for his advice at the ESSWE thesis workshop in 2014. I would be remiss if I did not mention Ex Historia and the participants in the Postgraduate Research Conferences at the University of Exeter. Thanks to my proofreader and long 4 time colleague Geoff Meeker. Thanks are extended to the staff at the Rare Books reading room of the British Library, history room at the Bibliothèque National de France, and the Gladstone Library. Thanks to the archivists at Knebworth House, Hertfordshire Archives, and Freemason’s Library in London. The editors at the International Association for the Preservation of Spiritualist and Occult Periodicals were critical in providing me with online access to various occult periodicals. My final debt is also my oldest. That is to my family in Newfoundland, Canada. Two generations ago the Oates and O’Leary clans were families of fish harvesters on the southern shore of Newfoundland, which was a very honourable profession in that time and place. However, to them it would have seemed unlikely that anyone from my generation would end up in a fully funded PhD. program at a Russell Group university in Britain. I have no doubt that it was my parents’ belief in hard work and education that has brought me here. We have always been a family of avid readers and I was raised to believe books and reading are important. It is hardly a surprise then that I would become a historian of circulation of texts. Finally, it is my nephew Parker Simon that represents the future of our family. So it is to him that I dedicate this work. 5 Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... 3 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 7 Imperialism and Global Connectivity ............................................................ 16 The Nineteenth-Century Occult and Print ..................................................... 38 Re-Conceptualizing the Globalization of the Occult .................................... 43 Definitions ........................................................................................................ 48 Occultism ......................................................................................................... 48 Esotericism ...................................................................................................... 50 Religion ............................................................................................................ 54 New Age ........................................................................................................... 56 New Capitalism ................................................................................................ 58 Methodology ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Years of Fulfillment
    Years of Fulfillment Years of Fulfillment / Mary Lutyens / Krishnamurti Foundation Trust Ltd. / file download som.pdf 325 pages / Relying heavily on his letters, traces the religious leader's development from Theosophical Society child messiah to independent teacher and the unfolding of his teaching / The Years of Awakening / 1997 / ISBN:1570622884 / Krishnamurti / Mary Lutyens / Religion Years of Fulfillment pdf download One Thousand Moons / Krishnamurti at Eighty-Five / 123 pages / Photographs portraying the daily activities of the spiritual teacher, Jiddu Krishnamurti, are accompanied by a description of his life / Asit Chandmal / 1985 / Philosophy / UOM:39015011804864 download Brief account of the life of Jiddu Krishnamurti, 1895-1986, Indian philosopher / Shanta Rameshwar Rao / 116 pages / J. Krishnamurti / ISBN:8126019972 / Jan 1, 2005 296 pages / Millais and the Ruskins / Mary Lutyens, John Ruskin, Lady Euphemia Chalmers Gray Millais, Sir John Everett Millais / 1967 / Pre-Raphaelites / UCAL:B2831297 For nearly half a century the charismatic, strikingly handsome spiritual teacher J. Krishnamurti gathered an enormous following throughout Europe, India, Australia and North / 392 pages / Lives in the Shadow with J. Krishnamurti / Aug 31, 2011 / RADHA RAJAGOPAL SLOSS / ISBN:1462031315 / Biography & Autobiography ISBN:0140103430 / A Classic Biography Of One Of The Greatest Spiritual Teachers Of Our Times In 1909, When He Was Just Fourteen, Krishnamurti Was Proclaimed The World Teacher In Whom Maitreya / Philosophers / J. Krishnamurti
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Cultural Exchange: from Medieval
    Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Volume 1: Issue 1 Cultural Exchange: from Medieval to Modernity AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies JOURNAL OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH STUDIES Volume 1, Issue 1 Cultural Exchange: Medieval to Modern Published by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen in association with The universities of the The Irish-Scottish Academic Initiative and The Stout Research Centre Irish-Scottish Studies Programme Victoria University of Wellington ISSN 1753-2396 Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Issue Editor: Cairns Craig Associate Editors: Stephen Dornan, Michael Gardiner, Rosalyn Trigger Editorial Advisory Board: Fran Brearton, Queen’s University, Belfast Eleanor Bell, University of Strathclyde Michael Brown, University of Aberdeen Ewen Cameron, University of Edinburgh Sean Connolly, Queen’s University, Belfast Patrick Crotty, University of Aberdeen David Dickson, Trinity College, Dublin T. M. Devine, University of Edinburgh David Dumville, University of Aberdeen Aaron Kelly, University of Edinburgh Edna Longley, Queen’s University, Belfast Peter Mackay, Queen’s University, Belfast Shane Alcobia-Murphy, University of Aberdeen Brad Patterson, Victoria University of Wellington Ian Campbell Ross, Trinity College, Dublin The Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies is a peer reviewed journal, published twice yearly in September and March, by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen. An electronic reviews section is available on the AHRC Centre’s website: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/riiss/ahrc- centre.shtml Editorial correspondence, including manuscripts for submission, should be addressed to The Editors,Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies, AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies, Humanity Manse, 19 College Bounds, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UG or emailed to [email protected] Subscriptions and business correspondence should be address to The Administrator.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1 a New Order
    Notes Introduction 1. Alex Owen, The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and the Culture of the Modern (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 120. 2. Corinna Treitel, A Science for the Soul: Occultism and the Genesis of the German Modern (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), 3–4. Such scientists included Karl Friedrich Zöller, a well-respected professor of astrophysics at the University of Leipzig, physicists William Edward Weber and Gustav Theodor Fechner, mathematician Wilhelm Scheibner and the psychologist Wilhelm Wundt. 3. Owen, The Place of Enchantment. 4. Treitel, A Science for the Soul. 5. David Allen Harvey, Beyond Enlightenment: Occultism and Politics in Modern France (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2005). 6. For a thorough discussion of the struggle by historians to establish the enchanted nature of the modern see Michael Saler ‘Modernity and Enchantment: A Historiographic Review,’ American Historical Review, 2006 111 (3): 629–716. 7. Nicola Bown, ‘Esoteric Selves and Magical Minds,’ History Workshop Journal, 2006 61 (1): 281–7, 284, 286. Similar criticism comes from Michael Saler. Michael Saler, review of The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and the Culture of the Modern, by Alex Owen, American Historical Review 2005 110 (3): 871–2, 872. 1 A New Order 1. R.A. Gilbert, Revelations of the Golden Dawn: The Rise and Fall of a Magical Order (London: Quantum, 1997), 34. 2. Gilbert, Revelations, 45. 3. Ellic Howe, The Magicians of the Golden Dawn: A Documentary History of a Magical Order 1887–1923 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972; York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, 1978). Gilbert, Revelations.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction • the Hoodwinking • the Occult Revival O the Who's Who List of 19Th & 20Th Century Occultism
    • Introduction • The Hoodwinking • The Occult Revival o The Who's Who List of 19th & 20th Century Occultism . Arthur Edward Waite . Dr. Wynn Westcott . S. L. MacGregor Mathers . Aleister Crowley . Dr. Gérard Encausse . Dr. Theodor Reuss . George Pickingill . Annie Besant . C. W. Leadbeater . Manly P. Hall . Gerald B. Gardner o Theosophy o O.T.O.: Ordo Templi Orientis • Conclusion • End Notes • Appendix: Quotations Introduction The article located at this URL, and earlier at Geocities, was first written 4 years ago. Since then I have learned a bit more about Freemasonry and have had many communications, good and bad, with its members. I've been put on an "anti-mason" [hit]list, along with others who dare to write anything unflattering against the brethren; I've had heated debates and arguments in public forums and message boards; and I've actually been threatened, both subtly and overtly. Curiously, many times the offended Mason claims to be a chaplain, a minister or a supposed "man of cloth" - a real surprise, at first, considering the occult nature of the organization. The negative experiences far outweigh the positive. The members who regularly post to forums and send out emails display the traits of having been thoroughly brainwashed by a first-class cult. Some are far more clever, however, and are undoubtedly part of a concerted effort by the Brotherhood. See, Masonic Disinformation, Propaganda, Dissembling, and Hate Techniques for a concise elaboration of their techniques. Historically, Freemasonry has been charged with corruption of public officials because of the oaths and promises they swear to keep amongst themselves, above all else.
    [Show full text]
  • A Time Line of the Global History of Esotericism with Emphasis for Yoga Science on the West Since the European Renaissance
    A Time Line of the Global History of Esotericism With Emphasis for Yoga Science on the West since the European Renaissance Scott Virden Anderson1 – http://www.yogascienceproject.org Email: [email protected] Draft 5/25/08 This is incomplete, a work in progress, a snapshot as of the draft date. To take it any further would consume more time that I have right now, so I’m setting it aside for the moment and posting this version as is. Note especially that the most recent part of the story is not well covered here and you’ll find only a few entries for the 20th Century (and there is much more to the story in the 19th Century as well) – interested readers can get a good feel for this more recent period of esotericist history by consulting just three books: Fields 1981,2 Hanegraaff 1998,3 and De Michelis 2004.4 Fields gives a good overview of Buddhism’s journey to the West since the 18th Century, Hanegraaff tells the story of the Western esotericisms that were “here to begin with,” and De Michelis recounts how “Modern Yoga” came to the West already “well predigested” for Westerners by Anglicized Indian Yogis themselves. My feeling is that at this point esotericism is best thought of as a global phenomenon. However, some scholars feel this approach is overly broad. Of particular importance for my Yoga Science project is the modern period beginning with the European Renaissance – since the notions of “science” first arose and came into contact with the older traditions of esotericism only in these past 800 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Yeats, Reincarnation, and Resolving the Antinomies of the Body-Soul Dilemma
    Article To Never See Death: Yeats, Reincarnation, and Resolving the Antinomies of the Body-Soul Dilemma C. Nicholas Serra School of Liberal Arts Faculty, Upper Iowa University, 605 Washington Street, P.O. Box 1857, Fayette, IA 52142, USA; [email protected] Received: 31 July 2017; Accepted: 27 August 2017; Published: 5 September 2017 Abstract: This essay addresses the ideas and schemas of reincarnation as used in the poetry and prose of William Butler Yeats, with particular focus on the two editions of A Vision. It contrasts the metaphysical system as given in A Vision (1937) with a number of inconsistencies found in Yeats’s poetic corpus, with an emphasis on how one might interpolate an escape from the cycle of lives, in at least one possibility while still maintaining corporality. The justification for this last comes from an analysis of complex cabalistic metaphors and teachings that Yeats learned as a member of MacGregor Mathers’ Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Keywords: A Vision; Golden Dawn; cabala; Aleister Crowley; Theosophy; Yeats; reincarnation Among the literary schools of the twentieth century, the Modernists are unquestionably among the most taxing for readers, not least because they undertook diverse and highly individual experiments in their attempt to redirect and reinvent Western literature in the aftermath of World War I, but also because, in company with the neoclassical writers of the eighteenth century, many delighted in what might be seen as egotistical displays of erudition, patching together dense patterns of language, symbols, and symbolism, daring readers to prove their wittiness (or worthiness) by excavating the clearly present but often inscrutable authorial intentions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cultural History of Tarot
    A Cultural History of Tarot ii A CULTURAL HISTORY OF TAROT Helen Farley is Lecturer in Studies in Religion and Esotericism at the University of Queensland. She is editor of the international journal Khthónios: A Journal for the Study of Religion and has written widely on a variety of topics and subjects, including ritual, divination, esotericism and magic. CONTENTS iii A Cultural History of Tarot From Entertainment to Esotericism HELEN FARLEY Published in 2009 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com Distributed in the United States and Canada Exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Helen Farley, 2009 The right of Helen Farley to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978 1 84885 053 8 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham from camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author CONTENTS v Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Number Games: 9/11 to Coronavirus
    All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. ISBN: 978-1-0983298-7-7 Should you read this book? If you think it is interesting that on September 11, 2001, Flight 77 reportedly hit the 77 foot tall Pentagon, in Washington D.C. on the 77th Meridian West, after taking off at 8:20 AM and crashing at 9:37 AM, 77 minutes later, then this book is for you. Furthermore, if you can comprehend that there is a code of numbers behind the letters of the English language, as simple as A, B, C is 1, 2, 3, and using this code reveals that phrases and names such as ‘September Eleventh’, ‘World Trade Center’ and ‘Order From Chaos’ equate to 77, this book is definitely for you. And please know, these are all facts, just the same as it is a fact that Pentagon construction began September 11, 1941, just prior to Pearl Harbor. Table of Contents 1 – Introduction to Gematria, the Language of The Cabal 2 – 1968, Year of the Coronavirus & 9/11 Master Plan 3 – 222 Months Later, From 9/11 to the Coronavirus Pandemic 4 – Event 201, The Jesuit Order, Anthony Fauci & Pope Francis 5 – Crimson Contagion Pandemic Exercise & New York Times 6 – Clade X Pandemic Exercise & the Pandemic 666 Days Later 7 – Operation Dark Winter & Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • 07 Lafer.Pdf
    Chicago Open 2014: A Redoubtable Coupling of Editors Packet by Hot Kraft Singles In Your Area (Siddhant Dogra, Kurtis Droge, Matt Lafer, Libo Zeng) Edited by Austin Brownlow, Andrew Hart, Ike Jose, Gautam & Gaurav Kandlikar, and Jacob Reed Tossups 1. One character in this story wears a greenish-black suit and is twice described as having a mind that slowly orbits as if it is magnetized by his speech. Shortly after drinking some raspberry lemonade, another character in this story tries to chase a cat that escapes into a field. Earlier in this story, a character is found with a copy of The Halfpenny Marvel and is reprimanded for not studying Roman history instead. The narrator begins this story by pointing out that Joe Dillon introduced the Wild West to the narrator and his friends, and that their mock battles always ended with Joe’s victory dance. Later, this story’s two central characters meet a man who exclaims that “every boy...has a little sweetheart.” This story culminates with that strange man saying that any boy he finds talking to girls or that has a girl as a sweetheart should be whipped, and that he would love to whip them himself. For 10 points, name this short story in which the narrator and Mahony skip school and have the title meeting, the second story in Dubliners. ANSWER: “An Encounter” 2. One of the two major producers of this food packages it with a triangular seal explaining that it was invented by the 16-year-old Eduard, whose name graces that version.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Pirates
    Jewish Pirates by Long John Silverman The Wikipedia page on piracy gives you a lot of clues, if you know what to look for. One of the biggest clues are these two sentences, conspicuously stuck right next to each other: The earliest documented instances of piracy are the exploits of the Sea Peoples who threatened the ships sailing in the Aegean and Mediterranean waters in the 14th century BC. In classical antiquity, the Phoenicians, Illyrians and Tyrrhenians were known as pirates. Wikipedia is all but admitting what our historians do gymnastics to avoid admitting: Sea Peoples = Phoenicians. Just as we suspected. We can ignore “Illyrians” and “Tyrrhenians,” which are just poorly devised synonyms for Phoenicians. Wiki tells us Tyrrhenian is simply what the Greeks called a non-Greek person, but then it states that Lydia was “the original home of the Tyrrhenians,” which belies the fact that they were known by the Greeks as a specific people from a specific place, not just any old non-Greek person. Wiki then cleverly tells us “Spard” or “Sard” was a name “closely connected” to the name Tyrrhenian, since the Tyrrhenian city of Lydia was called Sardis by the Greeks. (By the way, coins were first invented in Lydia – so they were some of the earliest banksters). But that itself is misleading, since the Lydians also called themselves Śfard. Nowhere is the obvious suggested – that Spard/Śfard looks a lot like Sephardi, as in Sephardi Jews. These refer to Jews from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the word coming from Sepharad, a place mentioned in the book of Obadiah whose location is lost to history.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NEWGATE NOVELS and DRAMA of TIIE 1830S ADRIAN PHILLIPS Phd the UNIVERSITY of YORK JULY 2001
    THE NEWGATE NOVELS AND DRAMA OF TIIE 1830s ADRIAN PHILLIPS PhD THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND RELATED LITERATURE JULY 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements IV Abstract `' Note on the 'Texts VI INTRODUCTION I CHAPTER I Ruiwer's Newgate Novels and the Reformatory Spirit 23 i Respectability, Truth, and the Workings of Justice: Paul Clifford and Caleb Williams 30 ii Natural Law versus Human Law: Eugene Aram and Utilitarianism 60 iii Working-Class Defiance, Victorian Gentility, and Regency Dandyism: Paul Clifford and Pelham 74 iv Corruption or Correction: Romantic Love and the Shaping of Self 93 CHAPTER 2 Thieves and Thief-Takers: the Newgate Novel, Literary Self-Consciousness, and the Field of Cultural Production 99 i The Newgate Novels and Literary Controversy 104 ii Pelham, the 1820s, and the Privileged Control of Culture 1>; iii hie Criminal as Author: Paul Clifford, Rookw'ood, and the Changing Literary Order I39 iv faul Clifford and the Literary Critic 155 v 'l lie Newgate Novelists and a very Personal Struggle 160 CHAPTER 3 Theatre, Politics, and the Jack Sheppard Adaptations 185 1 The 'Jack Sheppard' Controversy 188 II ii Deceptions and Disguises: Radical Rhetoric and Early 19th-Century 71ieatrc 197 iii Buckstone's'Jack Sheppard' and Other Dramatic Adaptations 221 CONCLUSION 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY 274 A_(-KNOWLE GEN N'I S I would like to thank Dr Jane Moody for her invaluable comments upon two of the chapters in this thesis, and especially her expert advice on 19th-century theatre research. I am most grateful to Rebecca Edwards for her thorough and very helpful reading of the text at short notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Byron, Legitimising Lamb : the Cultural Context of Caroline Lamb's Life and Works
    Beyond Byron, legitimising Lamb : The cultural context of Caroline Lamb's life and works. WETHERALL DICKSON, Leigh. Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20520/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20520/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. w WWJtHV/ wewj r - Sheffield S1 1WB 101 859 899 5 Return to Learning Centre of issue Fines are charged at 50p per hour REFERENCE ProQuest Number: 10701167 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10701167 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Beyond Byron, Legitimising Lamb: The Cultural Context of Caroline Lamb’s Life and Works Leigh Wetherall Dickson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2006 Abstract \Beyond Byron, Legitimising Lamb: The Cultural Context o f Lamb’s Life and Works ’ This interdisciplinary thesis is concerned with the works by and cultural perception of Lady Caroline Lamb (1785-1828).
    [Show full text]