The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 6Th Edition
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H Habbakkuk Hilding, the name given to *Fielding in a in this century it has been much imitated in Western scurrilous pamphlet of 1752, possibly by *Smollett. literature. HABINGTON, William (1605-54), of an old Catholic Hajji Baba of Ispahan, The Adventures of, see family, educated at St Omer and Paris. He married Lucy MORIER. Herbert, daughter of the first Baron Powis, and cele HAKLUYT (pron. Haklit), Richard (1552-1616), of a brated her in Castara (1634, anon.), a collection of love Herefordshire family, educated at Westminster and poems. A later edition (1635) contained in addition Christ Church, Oxford. He was chaplain to Sir Edward some elegies on a friend, and the edition of 1640 a Stafford, ambassador at Paris, 1583-8. Here he learnt number of sacred poems. He also wrote a tragicomedy, much of the maritime enterprises of other nations, and The Queene ofArragon (1640). His poems were edited found that the English were reputed for 'their sluggish by Kenneth Allott (1948), with a life. security'. He accordingly decided to devote himself to HAFIZ, Shams ud-din Muhammad (d. c.1390), a fam collecting and publishing the accounts of English ous Persian poet and philosopher, born at Shiraz, explorations, and to this purpose he gave the remain whose poems sing of love and flowers and wine and der of his life. He had already been amassing material, nightingales. His principal work is the Divan, a col for in 1582 he published Divers Voyages Touching the lection of short lyrics called ghazals, or ghasels, in Discoverie of America. In 1587 he published in Paris a which some commentators see a mystical meaning. revised edition of the De Orbe Novo of Peter Martyr of Translations of his works include Odes of Hafez (1774) Anghiera (subsequently translated into English by by J. Richardson, and versions by Sir W. * Jones, G. *Bell Michael Lok), and in the same year appeared his A (Poems from the Divan of Hafiz, 1897), and R. *Le Notable Historie, Containing Foure Voyages Made by Gallienne (1905). See also Persian Poems, ed. A. J. Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida, a translation Arberry (1954). Hafiz and *Sa'dï were buried near one of René de Laudonnière. His Principali Navigations, another at Shiraz. Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation was issued in 1589, and, much enlarged, in three volumes, HAGGARD, Sir H(enry) Rider (1856-1925), sixth sonof 1598-1600. It contained some account of the voyages a Norfolk squire. He spent six years in South Africa as a of the Cabots, and narratives of Sir Hugh Willoughby's young man, and later served on official commissions voyage to the Near East in search of Cathay, Sir John concerned with agriculture, forestry, and emigration, *Hawkins's voyages to Guinea and the West Indies, and wrote books on South African history and on *Drake's voyages of 1570-2 and his circumnavigation, farming; but it was his 34 adventure novels that made Sir Humphrey Gilbert's last voyage in which he him famous. These were notable chiefly for weird perished, Martin Frobisher's search for the North invention and spellbinding narrative, and were di west Passage, John Davys's Arctic voyages, and the versely set in Iceland, Mexico, Constantinople, and voyages of *Ralegh, James Lancaster, and others. He Ancient Egypt; but his best novels—of which King thus brought to light the hitherto obscure achieve Solomon's Mines (1886) and She (1887) are the most ments of English navigators, and gave a great impetus celebrated—were set in Africa, and vividly conveyed to discovery and colonization. He was closely associ the fascination he found in its landscape, wildlife, ated with *Sidney in the last years of his life, and from tribal society, and mysterious past. * Kipling and *Lang 1582 with Ralegh (particularly between 1583 and were close friends of his, and he had a worldwide 1590). He is referred to by many contemporary readership which included *Jung, who used She as a scholars and writers, some of whom were his personal striking example of the anima concept. Haggard's friends, including *Camden, Gabriel and Richard novels have remained continuously popular, and *Harvey, *Mulcaster, *Nashe, and *Drayton. He was several of them have been filmed. The Days of My a pluralist, holding prebendaryships at Bristol and Life: An Autobiography appeared in 1926, and there is a Westminster; he was rector of Wetheringsett, 1590- biography by Morton Cohen (i960). 1616, and of Gedney, 1612-16. He left unpublished a number of papers which came into the hands of Haidée, a character in Byron's *Don Juan. *Purchas. haiku, a Japanese lyric form of 17 syllables in lines of 5, The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 as an 7, 5 syllables. It emerged in the 16th cent, and offshoot of the (Royal) Geographical Society to publish flourished from the 17th to the 19th cent., and voyages and travels, which it has done at the rate of at dealt traditionally with images of the natural world; least two volumes a year since then. Its publications HAL I HALL 444 include reissues and re-editions of Hakluyt's writings, satirical observations of the character Sam Slick, a and very many original narratives. Its history and that Yankee from Ohio. See V. L. O. Chittick, Thomas of its founder are succinctly set out in D. B. Quinn (ed.), Chandler Haliburton: A Study in Provincial Toryism The Hakluyt Handbook (2 vols, 1974). (1924). Hal, Prince, in Shakespeare's 2 and 2 *Henry IV, the HALIFAX, George Savile, marquess of (1633-95), a prince of Wales who later becomes Henry V. powerful influence in the court of Charles II, and a noted anti-Catholic, chiefly remembered for his Char HALDANE, J(ohn) B(urdon) S(anderson) (1892-1964), acter of a Trimmer, published 1688 but previously geneticist and brother of N. *Mitchison. He was circulated in manuscript, in which he urged the king to professor of genetics, then of biometry, at University free himself from his brother's influence and advo College London, and, 1940-9, chairman of the editorial cated compromise and moderation. His political tracts board of the communist Daily Worker, to which he (which include his subtle piece of argument The contributed hundreds of articles. He became known to Anatomy of an Equivalent, 1688) were reprinted in a large public as a witty popularizer of science with 1898. He also wrote some much-reprinted essays, A such works as Daedalus (1924), Possible Worlds (1927, Lady's New Year's Gift, or Advice to a Daughter (1688). in the forewords of which he stresses the public's 'right His other works include A Letter to a Dissenter upon to know'), Animal Biology (with J. *Huxley, 1927), and a Occasion of His Majesties Late Gracious Declaration of collection of children's stories, My Friend Mr Leakey Indulgence (1687) and A Character of King Charles II (1937). His scientific but imaginative speculations ( printed with Political, Moral, and Miscellaneous Re about the future have much in common with those flexions in 1750). He saved the throne by his resolute in *Brave New World, and Haldane himself appears as opposition to the Exclusion Bill. He is the 'Jotham' of Shearwater, a biologist with a flighty wife, in A. Dryden's * Absalom and Achitophel. *Huxley's Antic Hay. A Marxist from the 1930s, Haldane resigned from the Communist Party c.1950 HaiiMeiShad(Holy Maidenhood), a prose treatise on on the issue of Lysenko's claims to have manipulated virginity from the west Midlands, written in the period the genetic structure of plants and '*Stalin's interfer 1190-1225. It occurs in two manuscripts which also ence with science'. See a life by R. Clark (1968). contain *Sawles Warde and one or more members of the group of saints' lives known as the *Katherine HALE, Sir Matthew (1609-76), educated at Oxford. He Group. It is vigorously written in an accomplished became lord chief justice and was a voluminous writer style, very reminiscent of that of *Ancrene Wisse, but it on many subjects, but much of his best work was left in takes an extreme, dualist position on its subject. There manuscript and published long after his death. His is an edition by B. Mille« (EETS 284, 1982). works include a History of the Common Law (1713) and an unfinished History of the Pleas of the Crown (1736), HALL, or HALLE, Edward (d. 1547), educated at Eton the first history of English criminal law. He was a friend and King's College, Cambridge, the author of a chron and admirer of *Selden and G. *Burnet wrote his icle glorifying the House of Tudor entitled The Union of biography. the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and York, which was prohibited by Queen Mary and which Hale, Mr, Mrs, Margaret, and Frederick, characters in is interesting for the account it gives of the times of E. Gaskell's * North and South. Henry VIII and the vivid description of his court and of HALÉVY, Elie (1870-1937), French social and political the Field of the Cloth of Gold. It was used by historian, author of Histoire du peuple anglais au XIXe Shakespeare as a source in his early history plays. siècle, a study of political, economic, and religious HALL, Joseph (1574-1656), educated at Ashby-de-la- change in England after 1815. Having dealt with the Zouch and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was period 1815-41 in three volumes (1913-23), Halévy successively bishop of Exeter (1627) and Norwich went on to write a further two (1926-32) on the years (1641).