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Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D
17 Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D. Andrews Charles D. Arnnold Elisa J. Hart Margaret M. Bertulli The settlement of comprehensive land claims is ushering in major changes in the manage ment of land and resources in the Northwest Territories, including heritage resources. This chap ter summarizes the progress that has been made in completing land claims, anticipates the impact that the claims will have on the way archaeological research is conducted, and discusses how the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) is responding to these changes. Suggestions for dealing with the current social and political setting in the design and implementation of archaeological projects are also presented. OUTLINE OF NATIVE LAND CLAIMS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES In the early 1970s, the Government of Canada established a comprehensive claims policy to guide negotiations with Native groups in settling Aboriginal interests in lands that they tradition ally occupied. Although the Northwest Territories has its own legislative assembly and its own bureaucracy to administer most of the business of government, the Government of Canada has the sole responsibility for settling Aboriginal land claims in the Northwest Territories. The Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Territories are the Inuit, the Dene, the Cree, and the Metis. The Inuit include the Inuvialuit of the Beaufort Sea and Amundson Gulf areas of the west ern Arctic, who, in 1984, were the first Aboriginal group in the Northwest Territories to settle a land claim with the Government of Canada (see Figure 1). In May, 1993, the Inuit of the eastern Arctic, an area commonly referred to as “Nunavut” signed a final agreement on a land claim. -
Hydro Energy in The
HYDRO RESOURCES 2012 There is opportunity for the Northwest Territories (NWT) to provide clean, renewable energy to communities and industry, and potentially to other regions of Canada. The vast majority of the hydro potential in the NWT has not yet been developed. The growing impacts of fossil fuel use on the environment – and the pressure of rising prices – continue to underscore the importance of developing these resources. River Developed Undeveloped Proposed Development Date Capacity (MW) Potential (MW) Development (MW) (MW) Bear 0 568 0 Bluefish 1938 3.0 La Martre 0 27 13 Snare Rapids 1948 8.0 Lockhart 0 269 0 Snare Falls 1960 7.5 Mackenzie 0 10,450 0 Taltson 1965 18.0 Snare 30 33 0 Snare Forks 1976 9.0 Snowdrift 0 1 1 Bluefish Expansion 1994 4.0 Taltson 18 172 56 Snare Cascades 1996 4.3 Yellowknife 7 0 0 Total 55 11,520 69 Slave (AB/NT) 0 1,500 0 The hydroelectric system in place today was developed with federal and industry support. For example, the Snare Rapids hydro facility was developed by the federal government to supply power to the Giant Gold Mine and the town of Yellowknife in 1948. The Giant Gold Mine provided funding towards the transmission line. www.nwtenergy.ca In the 1960’s, a hydro plant on the Taltson River was constructed to supply power to the Pine Point Cominco Mine site and the communities of Pine Point and Fort Smith, and was supported by the federal government. The commissioning of the Taltson Hydroelectric Development occurred in 1965 and the facility now supplies power to the communities of Fort Smith, Fort Resolution, Hay River, Enterprise and the Hay River Reserve. -
October 16, 2020
TD 187-19(2) TABLED ON OCTOBER 19, 2020 October 16, 2020 MS. LESA SEMMLER MLA, INUVIK TWIN LAKES OQ 274-19(2) Support for Residents Impacted by Flooding This letter is in follow up to the Oral Question you raised on June 2, 2020, regarding support for residents impacted by flooding in the Beaufort Delta. I committed to providing an update on the resources available for residents of the Northwest Territories (NWT) in dealing with floods. In the NWT, flood risk is considered to be one of the most destructive natural hazards, second to wildfires. There are nine communities considered flood risk areas; including Hay River, Fort Simpson, Fort Liard, Nahanni Butte, Tulita, Fort Good Hope, Fort McPherson, Aklavik, and Tuktoyaktuk. As part of its mandate, Municipal and Community Affairs (MACA), through the Emergency Management Organization (EMO), works with communities to mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from emergencies including flooding events. Starting in April each year, the EMO monitors seasonal breakup and high-water conditions across the territory and advises communities of high-risk conditions. MACA Regional staff work with flood risk communities to ensure community awareness and the updating of emergency plans to support community preparedness activities. When flood situations occur, the local emergency plan is enacted, and the EMO activates the community’s NWT Emergency Plan, at the level required to provide the support and resources required. Should the event cause wide spread damage to a community, the Government of the Northwest Territories’ (GNWT) Disaster Assistance Policy may apply to assist the recovery of residents, businesses and the community. -
Tulita Solid Waste Facilities Report
Tulita Solid Waste Facilities Report Issued for Use Prepared for: Hamlet of Tulita Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Ltd. 4910 – 53rd Street Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P4 Project Number: 144930036 December 23, 2016 Revision Date Notes 0 2016 Dec 23 Submitted to SLWB for approval Sign-off Sheet This document entitled Tulita Solid Waste Facilities Report was prepared by Stantec Consulting Ltd. (“Stantec”) for the account of Hamlet of Tulita (the “Client”). The material in it reflects Stantec’s professional judgment in light of the scope, schedule and other limitations stated in the document and in the contract between Stantec and the Client. The opinions in the document are based on conditions and information existing at the time the document was published and do not take into account any subsequent changes. In preparing the document, Stantec did not verify information supplied to it by others. Any use which a third party makes of this document is the responsibility of such third party. Prepared by (signature) Jamie Davignon, EIT Reviewed by (signature) Walter Orr, P.Eng Approved by (signature) Erica Bonhomme, P.Geo Sign-off Sheet Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 SETTING ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 -
Mackenzie Highway Extension, for Structuring EIA Related Field Investigations and for Comparative Assessment of Alternate Routes
D. Mackenzie Valley Highway Extension D.1 Consultations An initial Stakeholder Workshop was held in Norman Wells on June 8, 1998. The workshop was attended by approximately 60 stakeholders and generated considerable discussion on the need-for, and benefits-of, an all-weather road. A meeting with the Sahtu Secretariat and the Sahtu Regional Land Corporation Presidents was held on November 12, 1998. The group reviewed the Terms of Reference for Environmental Scoping and Benefit Cost Studies. The Terms of Reference were also sent to other stakeholders invited to participate on the Advisory Committee. In December the Department established an Advisory Committee for this project consisting of 25 individuals representing a wide variety of interest groups and organizations. The Department has kept this committee informed of the status of projects, and held a meeting on March 17, 1999 in Norman Wells. A list of the committee members is provided below. C Sahtu Secretariat Incorporated, Ruby McDonald, C Deline Land Corporation, Raymond Taniton, C Fort Good Hope Metis Nation Local #54 Land Corporation, Wilfred McNeely Jr., C Ayoni Keh Land Corporation (Colville Lake), Wilbert Kochon, C Yamoga Land Corporation (Fort Good Hope), John Louison, C Tulita Land and Tulita District Land Corporation, Gordon Yakeleya, C Fort Norman Metis Local #60 Land Corporation, Eddie McPherson Jr., C Ernie McDonald Land Corporation (Norman Wells), Winter Lennie, C Gwich=in Tribal Council, Richard Nerysoo, C Town of Inuvik, George Roach, C Charter Community of Arctic Red -
“We Have Been Living with the Caribou All Our Lives…”
“We have been living with the caribou all our lives…” A report on information recorded during Prepared by: community meetings for: Janet Winbourne and the Bluenose Caribou Management ‘Taking Care of Caribou - the Cape Bathurst, Plan Working Group for: Advisory Committee for Bluenose-West, and Bluenose-East Barren- Cooperation on Wildlife Ground Caribou Herds Management Plan’ Management October 2014 Suggested citation: Advisory Committee for Cooperation on Wildlife Management. 2014. We have been Living with the Caribou all our Lives: a report on information recorded during community meetings for ‘Taking Care of Caribou – the Cape Bathurst, Bluenose-West, and Bluenose-East Barren-ground Caribou Herds Management Plan’. Yellowknife, NT. Production note: Drafts of this report were prepared by Janet Winbourne (under contract with the ACCWM) and the Bluenose Caribou Management Plan Working Group. For additional copies contact: Advisory Committee for Cooperation on Wildlife Management c/o Wek’ èezhıì Renewable Resources Board 102 A 4504 49th Avenue, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1A7 Tel.: (867) 873-5740 Fax: (867) 873-5743 Email: [email protected] About the ACCWM: The Advisory Committee for Cooperation on Wildlife Management was established to exchange information, help develop cooperation and consensus, and make recommendations regarding wildlife and wildlife habitat issues that cross land claim and treaty boundaries. The committee consists of Chairpersons (or alternate appointees) of the Wildlife Management Advisory Council (NWT), Gwich’in Renewable -
LANGUAGES of the LAND a RESOURCE MANUAL for ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS
LANGUAGES of THE LAND A RESOURCE MANUAL FOR ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS Prepared by: Crosscurrent Associates, Hay River Prepared for: NWT Literacy Council, Yellowknife TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory Remarks - NWT Literacy Council . 2 Definitions . 3 Using the Manual . 4 Statements by Aboriginal Language Activists . 5 Things You Need to Know . 9 The Importance of Language . 9 Language Shift. 10 Community Mobilization . 11 Language Assessment. 11 The Status of Aboriginal Languages in the NWT. 13 Chipewyan . 14 Cree . 15 Dogrib . 16 Gwich'in. 17 Inuvialuktun . 18 South Slavey . 19 North Slavey . 20 Aboriginal Language Rights . 21 Taking Action . 23 An Overview of Aboriginal Language Strategies . 23 A Four-Step Approach to Language Retention . 28 Forming a Core Group . 29 Strategic Planning. 30 Setting Realistic Language Goals . 30 Strategic Approaches . 31 Strategic Planning Steps and Questions. 34 Building Community Support and Alliances . 36 Overcoming Common Language Myths . 37 Managing and Coordinating Language Activities . 40 Aboriginal Language Resources . 41 Funding . 41 Language Resources / Agencies . 43 Bibliography . 48 NWT Literacy Council Languages of the Land 1 LANGUAGES of THE LAND A RESOURCE MANUAL FOR ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS We gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance received from the Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Education, Culture and Employment Copyright: NWT Literacy Council, Yellowknife, 1999 Although this manual is copyrighted by the NWT Literacy Council, non-profit organizations have permission to use it for language retention and revitalization purposes. Office of the Languages Commissioner of the Northwest Territories Cover Photo: Ingrid Kritch, Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute INTRODUCTORY REMARKS - NWT LITERACY COUNCIL The NWT Literacy Council is a territorial-wide organization that supports and promotes literacy in all official languages of the NWT. -
The Cultural Ecology of the Chipewyan / by Donald Stewart Mackay.
ThE CULTURAL ECOLOGY OF TkE CBIPE%YAN UONALD STEhAkT MACKAY b.A., University of british Columbia, 1965 A ThESIS SUBMITTED IN PAhTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE HEObIRCMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the department of Sociology and Anthropology @ EONALD STECART MACKAY, 1978 SIMON F hAShR UNlVERSITY January 1978 All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in, part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name : Donald Stewart Mackay Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The Cultural Ecology of the Chipewyan Examining Cormnit tee : Chairman : H. Sharp Senior Supervisor- - N. Dyck C.B. Crampton . Fisher Departme'nt of Biological Sciences / ,y/y 1 :, Date Approved: //!,, 1 U The of -- Cultural Ecology .- --------the Chipewyan ----- .- ---A <*PI-: (sign-ir ~re) - Donald Stewart Mackay --- (na~t) March 14, 1978. (date ) AESTRACT This study is concerned with the persistence of human life on the edge of the Canadian Barren Grounds. The Chipewyan make up the largest distinct linguistic and cultural group and are the most easterly among the Northern Athapaskan Indians, or Dene. Over many centuries, the Chipewyan have maintained a form of social life as an edge-of-the-forest people and people of the Barren Grounds to the west of Hudson Bay. The particular aim of this thesis is to attempt, through a survey of the ecological and historical 1iterature , to elucidate something of the traditional adaptive pattern of the Chipewyan in their explcitation of the subarc tic envirorient . Given the fragmentary nature of much of the historical evidence, our limited understanding of the subarctic environment, and the fact that the Chipewyan oecumene (way of looking at life) is largely denied to the modern observer, we acknowledge that this exercise in ecological and historical reconstruction is governed by serious hazards and limitations. -
Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim
Annual Report of the Implementation Committee April 1, 2000–March 31, 2001 Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement 2001 Annual Report Published under the authority of the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Ottawa, 2001 www.ainc-inac.gc.ca QS-5354-021-BB-A1 Catalogue No. R31-10/2001 ISBN 0-662-66189-3 © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada foreword The Implementation Committee is pleased to provide its annual report describes achievements and developments seventh annual report on the implementation of the Sahtu during the year. Information is contributed by various federal Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement. The and territorial departments, the SSI and other bodies estab- report covers the fiscal year from April 1, 2000 to March 31, 2001. lished under the Agreement. The Implementation Committee comprises a senior official from We are committed to strengthening the partnerships that are each of the parties: the Sahtu Secretariat Incorporated (SSI), key to the successful implementation of this Agreement. Our the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) and achievements to date are the product of partners working the Government of Canada. It functions by consensus and together to recognize Aboriginal rights in an atmosphere of serves as a forum where parties can raise issues and voice mutual respect, and the commitment of the parties to fulfil obli- their concerns. gations pursuant to this Agreement. The role of the Implementation Committee is to oversee, direct and monitor implementation of the Agreement. This John Tutcho Mark Warren Aideen Nabigon Sahtu Secretariat Government of the Government of Incorporated Northwest Territories Canada 2000–2001 Annual Report | i table of contents Foreword . -
Celebrating Yellowknife's Living Heritage
LINE Celebrating Yellowknife’s living heritage Thevishka Kanishkan MLA Candidate, 2019 Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design University of Toronto ABSTRACT Based in the Old Town of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, LINE is a landscape architecture intervention that critiques current heritage place-making and planning methods. It uses the Indigenous worldviews of cyclical time to give rise to a new and unconventional way of interpreting Yellowknife’s heritage as living, and uses storytelling as a qualitative methodology and landscape practice. CONTEXT Traditional Knowledge Mapping Approximately a quarter of the population of Yellowknife identifies as Indigenous, and this proportion can climb to over 50% in some of the smaller communities in the Northwest As such, over the past three decades, The Yellowknives Dene First Nation and the Sahtu Dene First Nation have been conducting what is known as Traditional Knowledge Mapping. Traditional Knowledge is defined by the YKDFN as follows: “ Where the people have been, how they have used their lands, and what changes the people have observed, are remembered by the people. That is the essence of the traditional knowledge of peoples born to their lands. This knowledge is passed from an experienced generation to the next, so that the peoples learn accumulated patterns of change” (Weledeh Yellowknives Dene, 1997). Traditional knowledge maps are physical manifestations of the stories orally passed down from generation to generation, and are representative of memories and knowledge acquired through the direct experience of traveling the land. According to anthropologists Thomas Andrews and Susan Buggey, the key for gaining traditional knowledge is through the direct experience of travel. -
NWT/NU Spills Working Agreement
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES–NUNAVUT SPILLS WORKING AGREEMENT Updated October 2014 This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Content Page Cover Front Cover 1 Cover Inside Front Cover 2 Introductory Table of Contents 3 Introductory Record of Amendments 3 1. Introduction/Purpose/Goals 4 2. Parties to the Agreement 5 3. Letter of Agreement 6 - Background 6 - Lead Agency Designation and Contact 6 - Lead Agency Responsibilities 6 - General 7 4. Signatures of Parties to the Agreement 8 5. Glossary of Terms 9 Table 1A Lead Agency Designation for Spills in the NT and NU 10 Table 1B Lead Agency Designation for NT Airport Spills 14 Table 1C Lead Agency Designation for NU Airport Spills 14 Table 1D Territorial Roads and Highways in the NT 15 Table 1E Territorial Roads in NU 15 Table 2 General Guidelines for Assessing Spill Significance and Spill File Closure 16 Table 3 Spill Line Contract and Operation 17 Appendix A Schedule 1 - Reportable Quantities for NT-NU Spills 18 Appendix B Spill Line Report Form 20 Appendix C Instructions for Completing the NT/NU Spill Report Form 21 Appendix D Environmental Emergencies Science Table (Science Table) 22 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS * No. Amendment Description Entered By / Date Approved By / Date 1 GNWT spills response structure changed on April 1. 2014 to reflect the changes of devolution. Departments of Industry Tourism and Investment and Lands were added to the NT/NU SWA 2 Environment Canada nationally restructured their spill response structure in 2012. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 * Starting in 2015, the NT/NU SWA will be reviewed and updated annually during the Fall NT/NU Spills Working Group meeting. -
1.7 the 2002 Tlicho-Akaitcho Boundary Creek Agreement
Preamble: The Government of the Northwest Territories is seeking to impose extra-ordinary restrictions on the rights of the Yellowknives Dene First Nation. The Yellowknives Dene First Nation (YKDFN) – Dettah and Ndilo – are member First Nations of the Akaitcho Territory Dene First Nations, descendants of those who made Treaty on July 25, 1900 at Deninu Kue. Members of YKDFNs currently have existing aboriginal and treaty rights. These rights include, among others, the right to hunt, fish, trap and gather in Chief Drygeese Territory. The aboriginal and treaty rights of the YKDFN have been exercised by YKDFN for generations, and continue to be exercised to date. The evidence of Elders and First Nation members together generally confirm that in Chief Drygeese Territory: • The lands are used for hunting, fishing and trapping on a regular basis today, • The lands are also used for the gathering of berries for food and plants for medicinal purposes, • They have been so used for generations, • The trapping provides furs to sell and meat to subsist on, • The meat obtained from the hunting and trapping feeds many community members and not just the trapper or hunter, • Many different types of animals are hunted and trapped, and • The lands have spiritual and cultural significance to the YKDFN. In short, the treaty rights to hunt, fish, trap and gather provided in the Treaty, in addition to other rights, do not exist only on paper, but are in active use, and an integral part of the tradition and existence of the Yellowknives Dene. The courts have been clear on the mechanisms that need to be followed if rights are to be infringed: 1) There must be a ‘compelling and substantial’ justification for the action 2) The Crown must engage in significant and meaningful consultation 3) All other privileges and harvesting options must be attempted prior to any infringement of rights, and if infringement does occur, it must be shown to be as little as necessary.