Environmental Impact Statement

Volume 1: Overview and Impact Summary

Submitted to: National Energy Board and the Joint Review Panel

Submitted by: Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited

IPRCC.PR.2004.07

August 2004

Cover photograph courtesy of the Government of the Northwest Territories EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY CONTENTS

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

1 Introduction ...... 1-1

1.1 Project Overview and Purpose ...... 1-1 1.1.1 Background ...... 1-1 1.1.2 Environmental Impact Statement ...... 1-1 1.1.3 Project Purpose and Need ...... 1-2 1.1.4 Project Overview ...... 1-2 1.1.5 Project Alternatives ...... 1-3

1.2 Proponent Ownership ...... 1-7 1.2.1 Commercial Agreements ...... 1-7

1.3 Project Schedule ...... 1-7 1.3.1 Regulatory Review and Approvals ...... 1-7 1.3.2 Project Phases ...... 1-8

1.4 Major Project Components ...... 1-9 1.4.1 Anchor Fields ...... 1-9 1.4.2 Gathering System ...... 1-12 1.4.3 Pipeline Corridor ...... 1-12

1.5 Project Guiding Principles ...... 1-12 1.5.1 Environment, Health and Safety ...... 1-12 1.5.2 Public Participation and Consultation ...... 1-13 1.5.3 Traditional Knowledge ...... 1-13 1.5.4 Biophysical Effects ...... 1-14 1.5.5 Socio-Economic Effects ...... 1-14 1.5.6 Regulatory Compliance ...... 1-14 1.5.7 Environmental Management ...... 1-15

1.6 Project Approval Process ...... 1-15 1.6.1 Cooperation Plan ...... 1-15

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1.6.2 Consolidated Information Requirements ...... 1-15 1.6.3 Preliminary Information Package ...... 1-15 1.6.4 Terms of Reference ...... 1-16 1.6.5 National Energy Board Regulatory Filings ...... 1-16 1.6.6 Permit Applications ...... 1-17

1.7 Developing the Environmental Impact Statement ...... 1-30 1.7.1 Community-Based Focus ...... 1-30 1.7.2 Consultants Group ...... 1-30 1.7.3 Document Structure ...... 1-30

1.8 Concordance with the Terms of Reference ...... 1-31

2 Assessment Method ...... 2-1

2.1 Introduction ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Goals of the Assessment ...... 2-1 2.1.2 Section Content ...... 2-2

2.2 Assessment Approach ...... 2-2 2.2.1 Environmental Assessment Process ...... 2-2 2.2.2 Traditional Knowledge Use ...... 2-6

2.3 Scope of Assessment ...... 2-8 2.3.1 Environmental Impact Statement Framework ...... 2-8 2.3.2 Scope of Project ...... 2-8 2.3.3 Scope of Issues ...... 2-12 2.3.4 Spatial Boundaries ...... 2-13 2.3.5 Temporal Boundaries ...... 2-19

2.4 Assessment of Effects ...... 2-21 2.4.1 Five-Stage Process ...... 2-21 2.4.2 Cumulative Effects Assessment ...... 2-34 2.4.3 Incidents and Malfunctions ...... 2-35 2.4.4 Effects of the Environment on the Project ...... 2-36 2.4.5 Climate Change ...... 2-36

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2.5 Monitoring ...... 2-37 2.5.1 Monitoring ...... 2-37

3 Traditional Knowledge ...... 3-1

3.1 Introduction ...... 3-1

3.2 Traditional Knowledge Program Process ...... 3-1 3.2.1 Traditional Knowledge Requirements ...... 3-1 3.2.2 Methods ...... 3-4

3.3 Traditional Knowledge Study Activities Undertaken ...... 3-11 3.3.1 Aurora Research Institute Research Licences ...... 3-12 3.3.2 Organizational Consultations ...... 3-12 3.3.3 Community- and Region-Specific Traditional Knowledge Methods ...... 3-14 3.3.4 Traditional Knowledge Contract ...... 3-14 3.3.5 Traditional Knowledge Study Progress ...... 3-14

3.4 Expected Traditional Knowledge Study Activities ...... 3-31 3.4.1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 3-31 3.4.2 Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 3-32 3.4.3 Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 3-32 3.4.4 Deh Cho Region ...... 3-33 3.4.5 Dene Tha’ First Nation ...... 3-34

3.5 Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines Document ...... 3-34 3.5.1 Introduction ...... 3-34 3.5.2 How to Use this Document ...... 3-36 3.5.3 Traditional Knowledge Requirements ...... 3-36 3.5.4 Traditional Knowledge Collection ...... 3-37 3.5.5 Consent Form ...... 3-40 3.5.6 Interview Protocol ...... 3-43

3.6 The Cooperative Approach Document ...... 3-63 3.6.1 Introduction ...... 3-63 3.6.2 Proposed Methods ...... 3-64

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3.6.3 Kinds of Traditional Knowledge to be Collected ...... 3-68 3.6.4 Draft Consent Form ...... 3-71

3.7 Introductory Presentation ...... 3-71

4 Public Participation ...... 4-1

4.1 Introduction and Scope of Work ...... 4-1 4.1.1 Stakeholders ...... 4-2 4.1.2 Principles of the Public Participation Program ...... 4-2 4.1.3 Public Participation Team ...... 4-2 4.1.4 Issues Management System ...... 4-4

4.2 Public Participation Program ...... 4-4 4.2.1 Organization of this Section ...... 4-4 4.2.2 Public Participation Program Process ...... 4-5

4.3 Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area ...4-14 4.3.1 Community Meetings in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 4-14 4.3.2 Community Meetings in the Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 4-22 4.3.3 Issues Raised in Meetings with Joint Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Representation ...... 4-22 4.3.4 Round 1 Joint Regional Workshop for Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 4-38 4.3.5 Round 2 Joint Regional Workshop for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 4-45

4.4 Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 4-57 4.4.1 Community Meetings ...... 4-57 4.4.2 Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop ...... 4-60 4.4.3 Round 2 Introductory Session for Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 4-72 4.4.4 Regional Confirmation Meeting ...... 4-74

4.5 Deh Cho Region ...... 4-84 4.5.1 Community Meetings ...... 4-84

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4.5.2 Round 1 Deh Cho Regional Workshop ...... 4-84 4.5.3 Round 2 Deh Cho Regional Workshop ...... 4-103

4.6 Nongovernment Organizations ...... 4-104 4.6.1 Round 1 Nongovernment Organization Workshop .....4-114 4.6.2 Round 2 Nongovernment Organization Workshop .....4-130

4.7 Additional Public Participation Activities ...... 4-146 4.7.1 Northwestern Alberta ...... 4-146 4.7.2 Northern Business Community ...... 4-147 4.7.3 Governments and Resource Management Agencies ...4-149

5 Biophysical Effects Summary ...... 5-1

5.1 Basis for Summary of Findings ...... 5-1

5.2 Air Quality ...... 5-1

5.3 Noise ...... 5-1

5.4 Groundwater ...... 5-3

5.5 Hydrology ...... 5-4

5.6 Water Quality ...... 5-6

5.7 Fish and Fish Habitat ...... 5-6

5.8 Soils and Landforms ...... 5-7

5.9 Vegetation ...... 5-8 5.9.1 Abundance and Distribution ...... 5-8 5.9.2 Vegetation Health ...... 5-10

5.10 Wildlife ...... 5-11 5.10.1 Habitat Availability ...... 5-11 5.10.2 Wildlife Movement ...... 5-11 5.10.3 Wildlife Mortality ...... 5-14

6 Socio-Economic Effects Summary ...... 6-1

6.1 Introduction ...... 6-1

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6.2 Effect Attribute Categories ...... 6-2

6.3 Procurement, Employment and Regional Economic Effects ...... 6-2 6.3.1 Capital and Operational Expenditures ...... 6-3 6.3.2 Employment and Income – Construction ...... 6-4 6.3.3 Government Revenue ...... 6-9

6.4 Demography ...... 6-11

6.5 Infrastructure ...... 6-13 6.5.1 Transportation Infrastructure ...... 6-13 6.5.2 Energy and Utilities Infrastructure ...... 6-14 6.5.3 Housing ...... 6-15 6.5.4 Recreation Resources ...... 6-15 6.5.5 Governance ...... 6-17

6.6 Individual, Family and Community Wellness ...... 6-18 6.6.1 Community Well-Being and Delivery of Social Services ...... 6-19 6.6.2 Health Conditions and Health Care Services ...... 6-22 6.6.3 Project Environmental Effects and Human Health Conditions ...... 6-24 6.6.4 Public Safety and Protection Services ...... 6-25 6.6.5 Education Attainment and Services ...... 6-27

6.7 Traditional Culture ...... 6-28

6.8 Nontraditional Land and Resource Use ...... 6-32 6.8.1 Protected Areas ...... 6-34 6.8.2 Visual and Aesthetic Resources ...... 6-35

6.9 Heritage Resources ...... 6-36

References

Glossary

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List of Figures

Figure ES-1: Regional Overview Map of the Mackenzie Gas Project – Production Area ...... 4 Figure ES-2: Regional Overview Map of the Mackenzie Gas Project – Pipeline Corridor ...... 5 Figure 1-1: Project Location ...... 1-4 Figure 1-2: Project Phases ...... 1-8 Figure 1-3: Location of Anchor Fields ...... 1-10 Figure 1-4: Linkage Between the Environmental Impact Statement and the Project Permit Applications ...... 1-29 Figure 2-1: Environmental Assessment Process ...... 2-3 Figure 2-2: Production Area ...... 2-15 Figure 2-3: Pipeline Corridor – North ...... 2-16 Figure 2-4: Pipeline Corridor – South ...... 2-17 Figure 2-5: Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Study Area ...... 2-18 Figure 2-6: Five Stages of the Assessment Process ...... 2-22 Figure 2-7: Example of a Biophysical Effect Pathway Diagram ...... 2-24 Figure 2-8: Example of a Socio-Economic Effect Pathway Diagram ...... 2-25 Figure 2-9: Effect Attributes Leading to Significance for Biophysical Subject Areas ...... 2-32 Figure 2-10: Effect Attributes Leading to Significance for Socio- Economic Subject Areas ...... 2-33 Figure 3-1: Communities Included in the Traditional Knowledge Study Program ...... 3-3 Figure 3-2: Context for Traditional Knowledge Studies ...... 3-11 Figure 4-1: Rounds in the Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation Process ...... 4-6

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List of Tables

Table 1-1: Permit Applications ...... 1-18 Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference ...... 1-32 Table 2-1: Production Area Components ...... 2-9 Table 2-2: Pipeline Corridor Components ...... 2-11 Table 2-3: General Definitions of Effect Attributes ...... 2-27 Table 2-4: Example of Significance Determination – Water Quality ...... 2-34 Table 2-5: Example of Significance Determination – Employment ...... 2-34 Table 3-1: Communities Expected to be Included in the Traditional Knowledge Study Program ...... 3-2 Table 3-2: References Identified During the Review of Existing Traditional Knowledge Data Sources ...... 3-6 Table 3-3: Appointed Traditional Knowledge Working Group Members – Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 3-15 Table 3-4: Key Consultations and Activities – Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 3-15 Table 3-5: Key Consultations and Activities – Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 3-18 Table 3-6: Structure of Traditional Knowledge Working Group – Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 3-22 Table 3-7: Key Consultations and Activities – Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 3-22 Table 3-8: Key Consultations and Activities – Fort Simpson Traditional Knowledge Study ...... 3-27 Table 3-9: Key Consultations and Activities – Wrigley Traditional Knowledge Study ...... 3-29 Table 3-10: Key Consultations and Activities – Jean Marie River Traditional Knowledge Study ...... 3-29 Table 3-11: Key Consultations and Activities – Trout Lake Traditional Knowledge Study ...... 3-30 Table 3-12: Key Consultations and Activities – Kakisa Traditional Knowledge Study ...... 3-31 Table 3-13: Key Consultations and Activities – Dene Tha’ Traditional Knowledge Study ...... 3-31 Table 4-1: Principles of the Public Participation Program ...... 4-3 Table 4-2: Timing of Public Participation Activities ...... 4-7 Table 4-3: Round 1 Public Participation Activities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (2002) ...... 4-14 Table 4-4: Round 2 Community Meetings in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 4-15 Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 4-16 Table 4-6: Round 1 Public Participation Activities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area, 2002 ...... 4-22

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Table 4-7: Round 2 Community Meetings in the Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 4-23 Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 4-24 Table 4-9: Issues from Meetings with Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Representation ...... 4-35 Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region– Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop ...... 4-39 Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop ...... 4-47 Table 4-12: Round 1 Public Participation Activities in the Sahtu Settlement Area, 2003 ...... 4-58 Table 4-13: Round 2 Public Participation Activities in the Sahtu Settlement Area, 2004 ...... 4-59 Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 4-61 Table 4-15: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop ...... 4-69 Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting ...... 4-76 Table 4-17: Round 2 Community Meetings in the Deh Cho Region ...... 4-85 Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region ...... 4-86 Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop ...... 4-97 Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop ...... 4-105 Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop ...... 4-115 Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop ...... 4-134 Table 4-23: Issues from Communities in Northwestern Alberta ...... 4-148 Table 5-1: Significance of Effects on Air Quality ...... 5-2 Table 5-2: Significance of Effects on Noise ...... 5-2 Table 5-3: Significance of Effects on Groundwater ...... 5-4 Table 5-4: Significance of Effects on Hydrology ...... 5-5 Table 5-5: Significance of Effects on Water Quality ...... 5-6 Table 5-6: Significance of Effects on Fish ...... 5-7 Table 5-7: Significance of Effects on Soils, Landforms and Permafrost ...... 5-8 Table 5-8: Significance of Effects on Vegetation Abundance and Distribution ...... 5-9 Table 5-9: Significance of Effects on Vegetation Health ...... 5-10 Table 5-10: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Habitat Availability ...... 5-12 Table 5-11: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Movement ...... 5-13 Table 5-12: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Mortality ...... 5-15 Table 6-1: Project Investment by Project Component ...... 6-3 Table 6-2: Estimated Maximum Potential Labour Pool Available for Project-Related Work in the Northwest Territories ...... 6-5

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Table 6-3: Total Estimated Employment Demand in the Northwest Territories ...... 6-5 Table 6-4: Total Estimated Employment Demand – Adjusted Totals ...... 6-6 Table 6-5: Economy – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-7 Table 6-6: Economy – Project Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-8 Table 6-7: Government Revenue Effects – Project Construction Effect Attributes for the Northwest Territories and Canada ...... 6-9 Table 6-8: Government Revenue Effects – Project Operations Effect Attributes for the Northwest Territories and Canada ...... 6-10 Table 6-9: National Gross Domestic Product, Employment and Income Effects – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-10 Table 6-10: National Gross Domestic Product, Employment and Income Effects – Project Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-11 Table 6-11: Population Mobility – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-12 Table 6-12: Population Mobility – Project Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-13 Table 6-13: Transportation Infrastructure – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-14 Table 6-14: Housing – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-16 Table 6-15: Housing – Project Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-16 Table 6-16: Recreation Resources – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-17 Table 6-17: Governance – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-18 Table 6-18: Well-Being Conditions – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-20 Table 6-19: Delivery of Social Services – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-21 Table 6-20: Health Conditions – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-23 Table 6-21: Health Care Services – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-24 Table 6-22: Project Environmental Effects on Human Health – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-25 Table 6-23: Project Environmental Effects on Human Health – Project Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-25 Table 6-24: Protection Services – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-26 Table 6-25: Education Attainment – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-28 Table 6-26: Education Facilities and Services – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-29 Table 6-27: Traditional Harvesting – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-30 Table 6-28: Language and Culture Preservation – Project Construction Effect Attributes ...... 6-31

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Table 6-29: Nontraditional Land and Resource Use – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes ...... 6-33 Table 6-30: Protected Areas – Combined Project Construction and Operations Effects ...... 6-35 Table 6-31: Visual and Aesthetic Resources – Combined Project Operations Effects ...... 6-35 Table 6-32: High Significance Heritage Resources – Inuvialuit Settlement Region ...... 6-37 Table 6-33: High Significance Heritage Resources – Gwich’in Settlement Area ...... 6-38 Table 6-34: High Significance Heritage Resources – Sahtu Settlement Area ...... 6-38 Table 6-35: Moderate Significance Heritage Resources – Deh Cho Region ...... 6-39

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PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Mackenzie Gas Project has been developed over the last three years using a community, issue-focused approach that incorporates the input of those communities likely to be affected by the project. This is in keeping with the direction provided by the various regulatory agencies that are responsible for assessing and regulating energy developments in the Northwest Territories (see the Cooperation Plan, Northern Pipeline Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Chairs’ Committee [Chairs’ Committee] 2002a). This EIS presents:

• an overview of the project, for the purpose of an environmental assessment

• a description of biophysical and socio-economic baseline conditions

• an assessment of potential impacts organized according to key questions and developed with community input

• a description of mitigation measures to reduce adverse biophysical and socio- economic impacts

• a summary of environmental management plans designed to reduce or manage adverse biophysical project effects, while enhancing beneficial effects to the communities of the Northwest Territories

The operator of each field will develop the anchor fields after individual approvals by the National Energy Board (NEB) have been received. The project proponents have agreed to participate in a common EIS submission and review process. As a result, the EIS submission has been prepared on behalf of the anchor field operators, the owners of the gathering system (including the natural gas liquid [NGL] pipeline), and the owners of the gas pipeline.

PROPONENTS OF THE MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT

Proponent Ownership

The Mackenzie Gas Project (the project) is being developed by:

• Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, a subsidiary of Imperial Oil Limited, which will construct and operate the Mackenzie gathering system and the Mackenzie Valley pipeline on behalf of the gathering system and pipeline proponents. Imperial Oil Resources Limited currently holds the significant discovery licence for, and operates, the Taglu gas field.

• the Mackenzie Valley Aboriginal Pipeline Limited Partnership, which was formed by representatives of various Aboriginal groups to represent the August 2004 Page 1

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ownership interest of the Aboriginal people of the Northwest Territories in the Mackenzie Valley pipeline

• ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited (ConocoPhillips) and ExxonMobil Canada Properties (ExxonMobil), which jointly hold the Parsons Lake gas field. This field is 75% held by ConocoPhillips and 25% held by ExxonMobil, and is operated by ConocoPhillips.

• Shell Canada Limited (Shell), which holds and operates the Niglintgak gas field

• Imperial Oil, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil and Shell, which will develop the gathering system

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Project Components and Location

The purpose of the project is to develop three onshore natural gas fields (anchor fields) in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, and to transport natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs) by pipeline to market. This will involve:

• drilling wells and installing and operating facilities, including:

• well pads • flow lines • gas conditioning facilities

• installing infrastructure to support construction and operations activities, including:

• barge landing sites • camps • fuel storage sites • stockpile sites • access roads • airstrips and helipads • borrow sites

• constructing and operating gas processing and separation facilities

• constructing and operating pipelines and associated pipeline facilities, including compressor stations, heater stations, metering and pigging facilities

• connecting with the existing Enbridge Pipelines (NW) Inc. (Enbridge) pipeline near Norman Wells Page 2 August 2004

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• connecting with the existing Enbridge Pipelines (NW) Inc. (Enbridge) pipeline near Norman Wells

• connecting with an extension of the NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) pipeline system at an interconnection facility to be built in Alberta near the Northwest Territories boundary

• decommissioning and abandoning components at the end of their operating life

The project has also been designed to accommodate some natural gas and NGLs from other sources in the Mackenzie Delta and Mackenzie Valley.

Figure ES-1 shows the project components in the production area. Figure ES-2 shows the project components along the NGL and gas pipeline corridor, and the ancillary NGTL project.

Design and Construction

Design and construction is expected to take about three years and is scheduled to begin in 2006 and end in 2009. Activities will include:

• completing detailed engineering design • purchasing goods and services • developing and constructing infrastructure sites, such as borrow sites • drilling and completing wells at the anchor fields • constructing gas conditioning facilities and flow lines at the anchor fields • constructing the gathering system, pipelines and associated facilities

During construction, the project will have the most interaction with the surrounding natural environment and communities. Areas disturbed during construction that will not be used during operations, such as borrow sites and infrastructure sites, will be reclaimed after construction.

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Figure ES-1: Regional Overview Map of the Mackenzie Gas Project – Production Area

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Figure ES-2: Regional Overview Map of the Mackenzie Gas Project – Pipeline Corridor

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Operations

Operations are expected to begin in 2009. Activities will include:

• commissioning and start-up of the anchor fields, pipelines and associated facilities

• processing raw natural gas and transporting natural gas and NGLs to market by pipeline

• operating and maintaining anchor fields, including:

• adding compression facilities • drilling wells • servicing wells

• operating and maintaining pipelines and facilities

Operations will continue while there is economic gas production in the region. Developing other natural gas fields in the Mackenzie Delta and Mackenzie Valley has the potential to extend the life of the pipelines and associated facilities.

Decommissioning and abandonment will begin after the commercial life of the fields has ended and will be completed according to the regulatory requirements at the time. Surface facilities could be removed and the surface reclaimed to an acceptable state. The abandonment and reclamation will include considering input obtained through public consultation and alternative uses of the sites being abandoned.

PROJECT SETTING

Biophysical Environment

Air Quality

The air quality within the project study area is typical of northern environments in Canada. The concentrations and deposition rates of airborne compounds are much lower than in southern Canada, where measurable baseline air concentrations are caused primarily by emission sources in the area.

The natural background air quality includes gaseous and particulate emissions from:

• terrestrial and marine sources • remote volcanic activity • forest fires

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Anthropogenic emission sources include:

• ground, marine, e.g., barge traffic, and aircraft transportation • oil and gas exploration and development • home heating by fuel oil, natural gas or wood combustion • crude oil production facilities near Norman Wells • oil and gas facilities in northwestern Alberta • electric power generation The current concentrations of gases or compounds in the study area are either below detection limits or are effectively zero. Bedrock and Surface Geology The production area lies in the Mackenzie Delta region, a physiographic subdivision of the Arctic Coastal Plain. The surficial geology at Niglintgak and Taglu is predominantly of modern deltaic origin, whereas Parsons Lake lies in the Pleistocene Coastal Plain. Bedrock in the delta area is sedimentary, composed primarily of Tertiary shale and sandstone. Preglacial, glacial and postglacial deposits overlie the bedrock. Depth to bedrock ranges from 70 m near Inuvik, to more than 150 m near the seaward limit of the modern delta. The pipeline corridor includes parts of three ecological zones:

• Transition Forest • North Taiga Plains • South Taiga Plains

Transition Forest and North Taiga Plains Ecological Zones

The Transition Forest and North Taiga Plains ecological zones are primarily underlain by Upper and Middle Devonian shale. Surficial deposits include hummocky moraine and glaciolacustrine silt and clay. Bogs, fens and thermokarst depressions filled with organic-rich silts and clays occur along the northern half of the pipeline corridor, whereas the southern half is characterized by extensive organic deposits and associated wetlands.

The terrain is generally flat and featureless, except for a few areas of hummocky topography with drumlins or eskers (glacial deposition features). Elevation ranges from 90 to 300 m. The highest point is north of Fort Good Hope, whereas the lowest is in the narrow lowlands adjacent to the Mackenzie River.

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South Taiga Plains Ecological Zone

The South Taiga Plains Ecological Zone is underlain by Cretaceous bentonitic shale and sandstone, with occasional sinkholes and limestone outcrops near the Norman and McConnell ranges.

The terrain has level to undulating topography with an elevation of about 150 m in the North Taiga Plains Ecological Zone, and rolling topography with elevations between 150 and 450 m in the South Taiga Plains Ecological Zone.

Soils

Soils in the production area are dominated by ice-rich soils (Cryosols), organic soils, poorly drained soils (Gleysols) and soils subject to flooding and erosion (Regosols). Soils between Inuvik and Norman Wells have largely developed on mineral parent materials. Organic soils have developed over glaciolacustrine deposits and in small areas of alluvial and glaciofluvial materials along the Mackenzie Valley.

The soils between Norman Wells and Willowlake River are thicker and less influenced by permafrost, particularly in the southern half of this area. However, as much as 40% of the soils show evidence of some permafrost activity. Within this region, 90% of the soils are developed on mineral parent materials, with 45% on morainal plains and 30% on bedrock and colluvium. Organic soils occur in about 10% of this area.

In the pipeline corridor, organic soils typically occur in low-lying plains between upland ridges and hills on morainal deposits and glaciolacustrine plains. The peat layer in these soils is typically more than 1 m thick and is developed from sedge, moss and tamarack vegetation. Permafrost is common in bog and forest peatlands.

Permafrost

Permafrost underlies about 65% of the Mackenzie Delta. Its distribution results from past and present climates, hydrogeological characteristics and surface organic cover. Niglintgak, Taglu and part of Richards Island are in the intermediate, discontinuous permafrost zone. Most of the production area from Taglu south is in the continuous permafrost zone. Parts of the production area south of East Channel of the Mackenzie River, including Parsons Lake, are in the continuous permafrost zone. Permafrost thickness ranges up to 600 m in the continuous permafrost areas, but is less than 100 m in the discontinuous permafrost areas of the active delta.

Permafrost along the pipeline corridor ranges from about 600 m deep, at its northernmost extent to 10 m or less in northwestern Alberta. The annual active layer ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 m deep. Localized patches of isolated permafrost

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occur in the Fort Simpson area. South of 60°N, to the NGTL interconnect facility, less than 10% of the land area is underlain by permafrost.

Hydrology

The Mackenzie Delta is the largest Canadian delta. Surface waters of the delta include major channels, i.e., West, Middle and East channels, and minor tributary channels of the Mackenzie River and deltaic lakes. Most of the Mackenzie River flows through Middle Channel and Kumak Channel.

Waterbodies in the production area range from ephemeral drainages to large channels, lakes and coastal bays of the southeastern Beaufort Sea.

Waterbodies near Niglintgak and Taglu include Big Lake, Kimialuk Lake, Yaya River and several Mackenzie River channels, i.e., Middle, Kumak, Kuluarpak, Harry and East channels. Waterbodies in the Parsons Lake area include Parsons Lake, East and West Hans lakes, and Zed and Hans creeks.

The freshwater delta floodplain lakes are recharged through spring flooding by the Mackenzie River’s sediment-laden waters. The duration of spring flooding, and the amount of connection between a floodplain lake and the delta channels determines the physical, chemical and biological properties of these lakes.

The Mackenzie River is the largest north-flowing river in North America, flowing about 4,000 km from the Finlay River headwaters in British Columbia to the Beaufort Sea. The drainage basin is the second largest in North America and sixth largest in the world, draining 20% of Canada’s land mass.

The two largest tributaries of the Mackenzie River north of the Northwest Territories–Alberta boundary are the Liard and Great Bear rivers.

Rivers crossing the pipeline corridor exhibit an annual flow pattern determined by snowmelt and freezing. The maximum monthly discharge occurs between May and June. Mean monthly discharge decreases throughout summer and fall and into winter, as ground temperatures decline and freezeup begins. From January to March, discharge is low, because precipitation occurs as snow, and baseflow is limited by the deeply frozen land surface.

From the anchor fields in the Mackenzie Delta region to the Northwest Territories–Alberta boundary, the pipeline route crosses more than 500 watercourses. These watercourses vary from small, intermittent streams to large rivers.

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Fish and Fish Habitat

The Mackenzie Delta includes a network of channels and is dominated by shallow floodplain lakes, some of which are recharged through spring flooding of the Mackenzie River.

A variety of fish species occur in the production area, including freshwater and marine species. Fish use of waterbodies ranges from no use or extremely limited use, to all-year use by most species. Some habitats are only used by certain life stages whereas others are used by all life stages.

The marine and brackish water species in Kugmallit Bay and nearshore areas of the Beaufort Sea include saffron cod, starry flounder, Arctic flounder, Pacific herring and fourhorn sculpin.

The Mackenzie River tributaries that cross the pipeline corridor vary in size, and range from small intermittent drainages to large rivers. More than 75% of the smaller streams along the corridor are intermittent and flow only during snowmelt or rain. These ephemeral drainages have poorly defined flow paths and are unlikely to provide suitable habitat for fish. Groundwater can form the baseflow for streams and maintain under-ice flow, providing winter habitat for fish.

Smaller watercourses exhibit a variety of channel features, e.g., riffles, runs and pools, which can provide seasonal rearing and feeding habitats, and potential spring spawning habitat. Larger streams can provide all-year habitat for fish species, including spring and fall spawning habitats and overwintering habitat in deep pools or runs.

The Mackenzie River system, including the delta channels and lakes, supports 41 species of fish of 14 families. Of these, 20 species are harvested for food, commercially or for local consumption, or used for recreation.

The number of species present in the Mackenzie River is low compared with other river systems of similar size, but high for rivers in northern latitudes. This diversity is likely because of the south to north flow of the Mackenzie River that brings warmer water northward and accelerates spring ice breakup along its length and in the Mackenzie Delta. Most species are distributed throughout the Mackenzie River and its tributaries. Arctic grayling and northern pike are the most widely distributed, along with longnose sucker, slimy sculpin and lake chub.

Northern pike, longnose sucker and Arctic grayling dominate the fish populations in the southern parts of the Mackenzie River. Occasionally, lake whitefish and round whitefish are also present.

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Vegetation

Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake are located in the Tundra Ecological Zone. Abundant low shrubs, sedges and mosses characterize this area. Vegetation communities in the production area grow on a thin veneer of unfrozen organic or granular substrate overlying the permafrost boundary. Vegetation types include dwarf shrub heath on both granular and organic substrates. Wetter areas support high-centred and low-centred polygons on patterned ground, whereas drier areas support ericaceous shrubs. Wetter areas in the patterned ground support sedges, cotton-grasses and sphagnum moss. Riparian communities support wet sedge communities and taller shrubs. Holmes Creek and Hans Creek support outliers of black spruce communities. Vegetation types on the Mackenzie River floodplain include shrub communities and wet sedge–cotton-grass meadows.

The pipeline corridor is located in the North and South Taiga Plains ecological zones. Examples of the seven ecoregions crossed by the pipeline include the Great Bear Lake Plain Ecoregion, characterized by open stands of stunted black spruce and tamarack, with secondary quantities of white spruce. Ground cover includes dwarf birch, willow, ericaceous shrubs, cotton-grass, lichen and moss.

The Mackenzie River Plain Ecoregion is characterized by closed stands of tall to medium black spruce with a ground cover of feathermoss, bog cranberry, blueberry, Labrador tea and lichens. Jack pine stands occur south of Tulita. Drier sites have more open stands of black spruce and Jack pine. White spruce, balsam poplar and aspen can occur in warmer, moister sites in the southern section of the ecoregion. Poorly drained, peat-filled depressions are dominated by low stands of black spruce, ericaceous shrubs and sphagnum mosses. Wetlands cover 25 to 50% of the ecoregion and are characterized by peat plateau bogs or fens.

The Franklin Mountains Ecoregion is characterized by open stands of black spruce with a ground cover of dwarf birch, Labrador tea, lichen and moss. Drier sites tend to have more white spruce, white birch and aspen. Wet sites have bog- fen vegetation such as dwarf black spruce, Labrador tea, ericaceous shrubs and mosses.

The Hay River Lowlands Ecoregion is characterized on drier sites by closed mixed stands of trembling aspen, balsam poplar, white spruce, balsam fir and black spruce. Poorly drained fens and bogs, covered with tamarack and black spruce, occupy about 30% of this ecoregion.

Rare plants and a variety of uncommon vegetation communities occur throughout the study area, often associated with site-specific features such as exposed granular substrates, lakeshores, marshes, springs, snowmelt patches or stands of tall, dense trees. Many plants are rare as a result of being at the northern limit of their geographic range.

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Traditionally used cultural plants include those used for food, medicine, ceremonies or material purposes. Berry picking, especially blueberry, cranberry and cloudberry, is an important part of the traditional culture throughout the study area. A variety of species and their multiple uses are indicated on species lists from each of the settlement regions.

Wildlife

The Northwest Territories, including the project area, is characterized by diverse wildlife habitat supporting over 66 species of terrestrial mammals, 235 species of birds, seven species of amphibians and two species of reptiles. Of these, 51 species of mammals, 117 species of birds and two species of amphibians have been observed in the study area, identifying the importance of this region to wildlife.

Characteristic mammal species that occur in the Tundra Ecological Zone include barren-ground caribou, muskox, grizzly bear, wolverine, gray wolf, muskrat, snowshoe hare, Arctic ground squirrel and northern red-backed vole.

Caribou use the production area in the winter, particularly around Caribou Hills and Parsons Lake. The riparian black spruce habitat and other woody vegetation in the rolling terrain provide visual and thermal cover and forage for caribou.

Important areas for grizzly bear include the southern part of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula to Holmes Creek. The area south of Richards Island to Parsons Lake is also important, particularly where denning habitat can be found.

Bird species include loons, grebes, waterfowl, hawks and eagles, owls, shorebirds, gulls, terns, cranes and songbirds. The majority of bird species are migratory and only occur in the study area during spring, summer and fall. The outer Mackenzie Delta is considered an important area for nesting, moulting and staging waterfowl, especially geese and tundra swans. These species provide an important subsistence food source for local hunters.

The northern boundary of the Transition Forest Ecological Zone represents the treeline. Twenty-eight species of mammals and one amphibian are known or are expected to occur in this zone. Moose and furbearers make use of the forested areas, particularly in river valleys that are more sheltered from wind. Grizzly bear find den sites and barren-ground caribou can also winter in this area. Seventy bird species occur in this ecological zone. The shorelines of lakes and rivers provide habitat for lesser yellowlegs and red-necked phalarope. Canada goose, northern pintail, white-winged scoter and black tern are characteristic waterfowl.

The North Taiga Plains Ecological Zone is predominantly a forested region containing closed-to-open forests of black and white spruce and white birch that are typical of the uplands and rocky ridges. Thirty-six mammal and one

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amphibian species find suitable habitat in this zone. Winter mammal use is concentrated in tree and shrub communities that offer thermal and escape cover, as well as foraging opportunities. During the summer period, mammal use tends to be dispersed over a wider variety of vegetation types.

In the South Taiga Plains Ecological Zone, the main upland cover types consist of open-to-closed forests of aspen, white spruce, white birch and jack pine. Forty-five mammal and two amphibian species are known or expected to occur in this zone. As in the North Taiga Plains Ecological Zone, furbearers and large mammals concentrate in the winter in tree and shrub communities where thermal and escape cover is better than in open vegetation areas. In the summer, wildlife are more dispersed in other vegetation types. The birds of this zone are similar to those in the North Taiga Plains Ecological Zone.

Socio-Economic Environment

Study Area

The socio-economic study area comprises communities in the Northwest Territories whose permanent residents might be directly or indirectly affected by gas production and pipeline construction. This includes communities in the:

• Inuvialuit Settlement Region

• Gwich’in Settlement Area

• Sahtu Settlement Area

• Deh Cho Region

• Yellowknife, Hay River and Enterprise, together referred to as the industrial and commercial centres of the Northwest Territories

The study area also includes northwestern Alberta, where NGTL is proposing to construct the Northwest Mainline (Dickins Lake Section) and the NGTL interconnect facility.

This part of the study area includes the:

• relevant reserves of Dene Tha’ First Nation • High Level, Rainbow Lake and Zama City industrial and commercial centres

The nontraditional land and resource use, and heritage resources portions of the socio-economic impact assessment identify specific local study areas and regional study areas relative to project component locations and activities.

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Approach

This socio-economic impact assessment focuses on project effects on the wellness of potentially affected communities. Community wellness refers to physical, emotional, social, cultural and economic well-being and is often the most highly valued aspect of community life. The state of community wellness depends on the well-being of all aspects of a community – individuals, families and the community as a whole. It could be substantially enhanced by project benefits and vulnerable to adverse effects.

This approach to assessing the effects of the project is community-focused, addressing community concerns. These concerns were identified through an extensive public participation process that included a series of community meetings and regional workshops. The aim is to design and implement the project using procedures that optimize effects that residents see as beneficial to their communities, and reduce effects they believe undesirable.

Communities and People

Up to 32 communities could be affected by the project, including 26 in the Northwest Territories and six in northwestern Alberta. According to the Government of the Northwest Territories Bureau of Statistics and Statistics Canada, the study area as of 2003 had a population of about 42,000, including 35,000 residents in the 26 territorial communities and 7,000 in the six northwestern Alberta communities.

Although the Northwest Territories population size fluctuated during the 1990s, the population is currently increasing because of a high birth rate and a declining death rate.

In 2003, there were:

• 6,956 people living in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area combined, about 49% of them in Inuvik

• 2,504 people living in the Sahtu Settlement Area

• 3,248 people living in the Deh Cho Region

Among the essentially Aboriginal communities, only two have populations of about 1,000: Tuktoyaktuk with 990 and Fort Simpson with 1,237. Seven territorial study area communities have populations of 500 to 1,000 and of the remaining 14 communities, three have populations of less than 100. Populations of communities in northwestern Alberta in the study area range from 145 in Zama City to 3,445 in High Level.

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The Northwest Territories population has a larger number of males than females with a ratio of 51:49. The population is disproportionately young. People aged 24 and younger form 42% of the total population.

About 50% of the total Northwest Territories population and 45% of the study area population were of Aboriginal origin in 2001. About 38% of the population in northwestern Alberta were of Aboriginal origin.

Economic Activity

The economic history of the study area has been marked by a series of economic cycles of high and low activity and relative prosperity. Since the 1970s, oil and gas has been an occasional major driver of the economy. However, employment in the public sector is the most important and stable economic influence.

By summer 2004, expansion of hydrocarbon exploration and mining had substantially increased employment in the Northwest Territories, through:

• natural gas discoveries in the Fort Liard area of the Deh Cho Region • renewed natural gas exploration activity in the Beaufort Delta Region • substantial diamond mine development activity in the North Slave Region

In addition, the Government of the Northwest Territories annually makes considerable commitments to expenditures on capital projects resulting in construction employment in many communities.

In northwestern Alberta, employment and business concerns are heavily influenced by the oil and gas industry.

Labour Force

Diamond mining projects and greater hydrocarbon exploration had substantially increased employment in the monetary economy by summer 2004. Participation and employment rates for the Northwest Territories, including the urban communities and the mostly Aboriginal communities, were well above those for Canada as a whole. The annual average rate of unemployment in the Northwest Territories was 5.8%, compared with 7.7% in the rest of Canada.

A sizeable potential labour force exists in the Aboriginal communities in the study area. The potential size reflects the relatively low participation and high unemployment rates in many smaller communities. These rates are partly explained by lower education and training levels of some people and by the importance to them of the traditional economy, i.e., harvesting.

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In the northwestern Alberta portion of the study area, the Dene Tha’ First Nation communities have lower participation and employment rates and higher unemployment rates than the non-Aboriginal population.

Income Sources and Amounts

A large proportion of the Northwest Territories population has a low cash income. In 2000, 30% of all Aboriginal income groups in the Northwest Territories aged 15 and older, had annual incomes of less than $15,000, whereas only 19% of the Northwest Territories non-Aboriginal income groups were in this low-income category. The average employment income in the Aboriginal communities of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area, Sahtu Settlement Area and Deh Cho Region was $26,135 in 2000, well below the Canadian average of $31,757 and even lower than the average $44,116 for Northwest Territories non-Aboriginal earners. The large amounts of wildlife harvested and country food consumed clearly indicate the importance of income-in-kind to many Aboriginal people.

Cost of Living

The cost of living in northern communities is a function of distance and ease of access from southern sources of supply, and thus is generally highest in the most northern communities. The Government of Canada conducts retail price surveys to determine cost-of-living differentials for residents of the Northwest Territories. The figure is based on a cost comparison of a basket of goods and services in Edmonton and a community in the Northwest Territories. According to the 2000 survey, the cost of living was 25 to 115% higher in the study area than in Edmonton.

Northwest Territories food price surveys use the cost of a standard food basket in Yellowknife as a base for comparison. In 2001, the cost of food in the study area was 10 to 113% higher than in Yellowknife. These costs were highest in the Sahtu Settlement Area and lowest in the Deh Cho Region. In High Level, the cost of living in 2003 was only 1% higher than in Edmonton.

Transportation Infrastructure

Northwest Territories communities are well served by transportation facilities and services. There is a substantial surplus capacity with respect to air, barge and highway transport access. All communities, except Kakisa, Hay River Reserve and Enterprise, have airstrips and are equipped with some form of navigational aid. Remaining communities, except for Fort Providence, have some scheduled air service.

The dominant transportation mode is the Mackenzie River, from which barge or sealift access is provided to 17 of the 26 study area communities in the Northwest

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Territories. All 17 communities have adequate loading and unloading facilities. Thirteen of the 26 communities have road access via Highways 1, 2, 3 or 7, except during breakup or freezeup. Four communities in the study area have rail access, i.e., Hay River, Hay River Reserve, Enterprise and High Level.

Utilities, Energy and Communications

All communities have:

• electric power supply • some facilities for storing heating and other fuel • provisions for potable water and sanitary disposal of liquid and solid waste • telephone connections • radio and television broadcasts • Internet access • mail service

Housing and Recreation

Housing is difficult to find in Inuvik, Tuktoyaktuk and Fort Good Hope, and affordable housing is scarce in Yellowknife. Housing conditions have been evaluated in terms of the need for regular maintenance, minor repairs and major repairs. The proportion of houses needing major repair in most study communities is close to the territorial average of 16%. Some Aboriginal communities, however, have much higher percentages.

Most communities have recreational facilities that would be considered adequate for equivalent-size southern communities.

Governance

All existing governance relationships between the federal and territorial governments and the Aboriginal people, their organizations and communities in the Northwest Territories are in the process of change through ongoing negotiations. These negotiations are directed toward addressing devolution of authority and the conferring of self-government responsibilities on Aboriginal people.

The devolution negotiations between the Government of Canada, the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Aboriginal Summit will transfer control over land, water and resources to northern governments. The Aboriginal Summit is a negotiating body composed of virtually all the organized Aboriginal groups in the Northwest Territories except the Deh Cho First Nation, which is not participating at this time, but has observation status.

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The Inuvialuit and the Gwich’in are jointly negotiating with the Government of the Northwest Territories an innovative system of regional government for the Beaufort Delta Region that recognizes the cultural uniqueness of the area as well as practical administrative realities.

Family and Community Wellness

There are no readily available comprehensive measures of family or community wellness, but some data can be used as indicators of wellness. The rate of children taken into care, where a child is ill-cared for and at risk, is an indicator of reduced family wellness. The rate of children in care is higher in the Northwest Territories than in the rest of Canada.

The effectiveness of community social controls is another relevant index of community wellness. Accordingly, crime rate is an indicator of community wellness, and young offender crime rates indicate how well communities raise and engage young people.

Alcohol abuse is the source of many problems in the Northwest Territories. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in several communities in 2002 and 2003 reported that 90% of their policing problems were alcohol related. Among both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal residents, the alcohol consumption rates among males were about twice as high as those among females. The highest consumption rates were among young people aged 19 to 29 for both groups.

All Northwest Territories communities with more than 400 residents have RCMP detachments. Smaller communities are policed by the nearest detachments. Detachments in a number of communities report very heavy workloads.

Social services are delivered to Northwest Territories study area communities by:

• Inuvik Region Health and Social Services Authority • Deh Cho Region Health and Social Services Authority • Yellowknife Health and Social Services Authority • Hay River Health and Social Services Authority

Health Conditions

Many health concerns in the Northwest Territories today relate to people’s health- threatening behaviours. Such threats include:

• smoking

• alcohol abuse and related risks, including fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects (FAS/FAE)

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• increased rates of diabetes

• sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

The incidence of smoking is substantially higher throughout the Northwest Territories than the rest of Canada, and almost twice as many Aboriginal, compared with non-Aboriginal, people smoke.

Alcohol abuse creates health problems that can harm the drinker, and perhaps the spouses, children, and associates of drinkers who become violent. As well, at a time when most adults have access to motorized transportation, impaired drivers place themselves and others at risk. There are no statistics that document the occurrence of FAS/FAE births.

The risk of diabetes in the Northwest Territories is about three to five times higher than for the rest of Canada.

High STI rates indicate high-risk sexual behaviour. Most of these infections occur among persons 15 to 35 years old. STI rates are highest in the regional Aboriginal communities and are substantially lower in the regional centres.

Suicide is a major and growing concern in the Northwest Territories, both because the incidence of suicide is so high relative to the rest of Canada, and because many are teenage suicides. The tragedy a suicide inflicts on the victim’s family is broadly felt in small Aboriginal communities because these communities are so closely related, with many residents being relatives of the victim.

Health Care Facilities and Services

Health care facilities, family and community services are provided to residents of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area and Sahtu Settlement Area by the Inuvik Region Health and Social Services Authority based in Inuvik, and to Deh Cho Region residents by the Deh Cho Health and Social Services Authority headquartered in Fort Simpson. There are three hospitals in the study area:

• Inuvik Regional Hospital, which serves the Inuvialuit, Gwich’in and Sahtu communities

• Stanton Hospital in Yellowknife, which serves the Deh Cho communities and others outside the study area and is governed by the Stanton Territorial Hospital Authority

• H.H. Williams Memorial Hospital in Hay River

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Other communities in the study area, generally with 200 or more residents, are served by health care centres staffed by several registered nurses. Health stations staffed by a single community health worker serve the smallest communities. These personnel can contact a registered nurse at any time for consultation and treatment advice. Patients with special needs that Northwest Territories facilities are not equipped to handle are sent to provincial centres. Education and Training In 2001, about half the adults in the four Northwest Territories settlement areas were high school graduates, as were almost two thirds of adults in the whole Northwest Territories study area. A large portion of the Northwest Territories’ adult population has taken trade or other non-university courses. The percentage with some postsecondary education in the Northwest Territories increased from 47% to 56% between 1996 and 2001. The Government of the Northwest Territories Education Culture and Employment is responsible for providing kindergarten to Grade 12 education services. In each community with a primary or secondary school or both, a locally elected district education authority oversees the delivery of education services. Northwest Territories adults can pursue further education or acquire skills training in their home community, in a regional centre in the Northwest Territories or in southern Canada. Aurora College has campuses in Inuvik and Yellowknife, and community learning centres in many other communities. Generally, Northwest Territories schools have found that enrolment in elementary and junior high school has remained stable, whereas enrolment in senior high has increased. In the Northwest Territories, almost all the study area communities have satisfactory school facilities, suitably equipped and staffed with qualified teachers to a ratio of no more than 19 students per teacher, as required by the Northwest Territories Education Act. Aurora College delivers a wide variety of academic upgrading and skills training courses to Aboriginal communities, when there is local demand.

Traditional Culture

The focus of the traditional culture of the Dene and the Inuvialuit has always been on survival in the difficult environment that is their home. Spiritual values, and implementing the lore, skills and disciplines essential to survival on the land, are the core of traditional culture.

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Traditional culture thus involves two aspects:

• knowledge, skills and disciplines required for traditional harvesting and trapping

• communication of cultural values and concepts through Aboriginal languages

Trapping incomes have fallen sharply since about 1988, and the number of trappers has seen a parallel decline. The result has been expansion of a dual economy, i.e., participation in both traditional harvesting and trapping and in the monetary economy. Harvesting and consuming traditional foods is important symbolically, economically and nutritionally, and continues at generally high levels in Aboriginal communities.

Language retention is an indicator of cultural preservation because spirituality, pre-eminent values and traditional knowledge can best be comprehended in traditional language terms. However, retention of Aboriginal language is declining throughout the study area because Euro-Canadian cultural influences are so pervasive in:

• educational settings • most television programming • work settings • dealings with government officials and service providers

As a result, Aboriginal language facility is declining throughout the Northwest Territories and northwestern Alberta study area communities, with retention rates for these languages in 1999 ranging between 28% and 65% in different regions.

Currently, it appears that there has been considerable reduction in trapping and language retention among Aboriginal people. But considering the strength of Canadian cultural and economic influences that challenge their traditional values, skills and practices, Dene and Inuvialuit retention of traditional harvesting and related practices continues at relatively high levels.

Nontraditional Land and Resource Use

Most of the lands traversed by the project are federal Crown lands or settlement area private lands. In Alberta, the lands traversed by the pipeline corridor are all provincial Crown lands. Some project components are also located in municipal lands in Inuvik, Fort Good Hope, Norman Wells, Tulita, Fort Simpson and Hay River.

Granular resources identified in the study area range from construction-quality aggregate to materials unsuitable for use as fill. About 110 preferred and secondary locations have been identified for potential borrow sites between

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Inuvik and northwestern Alberta. Because of their remote locations, many of the borrow sites have not been developed.

Timber resources in the study area are limited as the anchor fields and gathering pipelines are north of the treeline and the more southern parts of the project are located in the transition zone from tundra to forest.

There are no existing mines in the study area.

Over the last two decades, oil and gas activities in the Northwest Territories have focused on the Norman Wells and Fort Liard areas. There is extensive oil and gas development in the northwestern Alberta portion of the study area.

Nontraditional resource harvesting includes fishing and hunting by residents categorized as domestic, sport or commercial activity. Hunting activities are primarily regulated by Government of the Northwest Territories, Resources Wildlife and Economic Development, but are also subject to terms and conditions set out in the land claims agreements. Fishing licences are issued through Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and are subject to approval of the local hunters’ and trappers’ committee or renewable resource council.

Heritage Resources

Heritage resources are nonrenewable resources that might be located at or near the ground surface and are therefore vulnerable to any activities disturbing the ground. They are defined and managed under Northwest Territories and Alberta legislation and include archaeological or historic sites, burial sites, cairns and artifacts.

The study area for heritage resources consists of the general region that will be directly or indirectly affected by the project. Little information exists on the Prehistoric Period for this region, however the regional Historic Period is much better understood. Results of the project heritage resources research to date are summarized at the end of the Key Findings of the Environmental Impact Statement.

KEY FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

The following key findings of the EIS are summaries only. For more information, see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment, Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment and Volume 7, Environmental Management.

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Biophysical Environment

Air Quality

Potential effects of the project on air quality are related primarily to emissions from compressor stations and heater facilities during project operations. Air quality effects during construction are related to dust generated from disturbed areas, vehicle traffic and construction camps.

Mitigation strategies, such as dust control and use of appropriate equipment, are expected to effectively manage construction and operations effects. Strategies to reduce emissions include:

• using equipment that meets relevant standards including Northwest Territories regulations, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) standards and Alberta standards (where regulations do not exist in the Northwest Territories)

• ensuring flare stack design and performance are consistent with applicable industry regulations

• applying best management practices to reduce fuel use

• avoiding idling vehicles, where practical

For all air quality key indicators, at all project locations, effects are predicted to be adverse, local and long term. The effect magnitude ranges from low to moderate. No significant effects on air quality are predicted.

Noise

Potential effects of the project on noise are related primarily to construction activities, compressor station operations and transportation during construction and operations.

Mitigation strategies to reduce effects of noise emissions include:

• designing facilities to meet Alberta EUB Guide 38 noise guidelines for remote sites, i.e., 40 dB at 1.5 km

• implementing engineering noise controls, as necessary, which might include silencers, insulation and upgraded building shells

• scheduling discretionary activities in sensitive areas to avoid effects from noise, where practical

No significant noise effects are predicted.

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Groundwater

Potential effects of the project on groundwater can be related to changes in groundwater recharge and discharge patterns resulting from removal of granular material at borrow sites, flow obstruction, changes in permafrost patterns or subsidence.

Mitigation strategies to limit effects on groundwater include:

• installing drainage controls in areas of substantive groundwater flow encountered during pipeline trenching before the trench is backfilled

• monitoring, by aerial inspection, visual changes in locations or extent of groundwater discharge areas

• monitoring environmental effects of frost bulbs along the pipeline corridor

• adopting hydrology and water quality mitigation measures (see following sections)

Effects on groundwater from project-related activities are expected to be low magnitude and local in extent, except for moderate- to high-magnitude effects that might result from flow obstruction along pipelines. Moderate- to high-magnitude effects could occur at a few pipeline crossings or slopes where frost bulb formation could restrict groundwater movement. Most effects will be initiated by construction activities. Some effects could persist after decommissioning. Effects are expected to cause a low-magnitude, adverse change in groundwater, i.e., a change that is within the normal range of variation. On this basis, project activities will not have a significant effect on groundwater in the region.

Hydrology

Potential effects of the project on hydrology can be related to site disturbance during construction, water withdrawal, land settlement, flow obstruction or land subsidence from gas extraction.

Mitigation strategies to limit effects on hydrology include:

• grading and ditching to direct runoff through silt fences, sediment traps, vegetation, berms or isolation areas for controlled release to the watershed

• providing a minimum setback from watercourses to reduce effects on local drainage patterns and streamflow

• designing structures for thaw settlement

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• monitoring, by visual inspection, drainage conditions and sediment control devices in the pipeline right-of-way

• monitoring streambed conditions and bank stability at watercourse crossings

The effects of the project on runoff amounts, drainage patterns, water levels and flow velocities are expected to be low magnitude and local in extent. Moderate-magnitude effects could occur at a few pipeline crossings where frost bulb formation could restrict flow over the winter and where mitigation measures are not applied because of the absence of fish habitat. No significant effects on hydrology are predicted.

Moderate-magnitude effects on sediment concentrations might result from potential dredging at Niglintgak and pipeline and gathering system construction. Based on preliminary information and known mitigation measures, construction and decommissioning of the barge-based gas conditioning facility at Niglintgak are not expected to result in any significant effects. Effects on channel morphology are expected to be low magnitude, except at Taglu during operations, when effects might be moderate magnitude in the local area.

Water Quality

Potential effects of the project on water quality can be related to leaks and spills, and suspended sediment inputs from land disturbance, dredging, barge traffic and watercourse crossings.

Mitigation strategies to limit effects on water quality include:

• disposing of wastewater or drilling waste by deep-well injection, remote sump or transport off site when waste cannot be treated for release to the watershed

• implementing drainage, erosion and sediment controls such as grading and ditching to direct runoff through silt fences, sediment traps, vegetation, berms, or isolation areas, as needed for the location

• reclaiming bed, banks and approach slopes of the watercourse to stable conditions, grade and contours

• implementing management practices, contingency plans, mitigation and emergency response plans to prevent and address leaks and spills

• recording the volume of water withdrawal and ensuring volumes do not exceed regulatory limits stated in water use permits

• monitoring waterbodies affected by domestic wastewater release and testing water releases

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Effects on water quality range from low to moderate magnitude, and are local in extent during construction, operations and decommissioning. No significant effects on water quality are predicted.

Fish and Fish Habitat

Potential effects of the project on fish can be related to direct effects on fish habitat from activities such as watercourse crossing construction. Changes in water levels and water flow from water withdrawal, formation of frost bulbs around pipelines, or increases in suspended sediment could also affect fish and fish habitat.

Mitigation strategies to reduce effects on fish and fish habitat include:

• implementing drainage, erosion and sediment controls such as grading and ditching to direct runoff through silt fences, sediment traps, vegetation, berms, or isolation areas, as needed for the location

• conducting most pipeline construction activities in the winter

• implementing management practices, contingency plans, mitigation and emergency response plans to prevent and address leaks and spills

• avoiding spawning, rearing and overwintering fish habitats, unless authorized

• monitoring water quality at selected waterbodies

• prohibiting fishing by construction personnel while on the jobsite

• monitoring subsistence and recreational fish harvesting at selected waterbodies

Effects on fish and fish habitat range in magnitude from no effect to low magnitude, and local to regional in extent, with most effects not extending beyond long term.

No significant effects on fish habitat, fish health or fish abundance and distribution are predicted.

Soils, Landforms and Permafrost

Potential effects of the project on soils, landforms and permafrost are related to surface disturbance during construction or a change in thermal regime that can cause settlement or frost heave along the pipeline right-of-way or at facility locations.

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Mitigation strategies to reduce effects on soils and landforms include:

• reducing surface disturbance through design, e.g., reduce route length, reduce facility footprints

• reducing grading and levelling to that required to prepare a safe and efficient working surface

• reclaim, stabilize and armour slopes and banks, as necessary

• monitoring effects of thaw settlement and frost heave, soil erosion, slope movement and drainage conditions at selected project sites

• identifying and marking uncommon plant communities before construction All project effects on soils and landforms are limited to the directly disturbed and nearby area. Some moderate-magnitude effects are predicted for ground stability, particularly with respect to settlement along the pipeline right-of-way, and erosion and frost heave in sensitive aeolian deposits. Low-magnitude, far-future effects are related to effects on uncommon landforms and changes in ground stability in some locations. These effects will not be significant.

Vegetation

Potential effects of the project on vegetation are related to clearing and grading for project construction, dust and air emissions, and changes in landforms and soils from project activities. Project construction will adversely affect vegetation types through loss and alteration of vegetation, changes in physical site conditions, presence of reclamation species and possible introduction of non- native or invasive plant species.

Mitigation strategies to reduce effects on vegetation include:

• reducing surface disturbance through design, e.g., reduce route length, reduce facility footprints

• controlling weeds to prevent weedy species invasion

• reclaiming sites at completion of their use

• monitoring vegetation composition and cover, vegetation health and vigour, and presence of weeds at selected sites

All effects on the abundance, distribution and health of vegetation types, vegetation communities of concern and rare plants are predicted to be low. Some effects will be far future because of the length of time required for some

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vegetation types to recover. Effects on rare plants are predicted to be beyond regional in extent. No significant effects on vegetation are predicted.

Wildlife

Potential effects of the project on wildlife are related to:

• reduced habitat availability because of direct habitat loss from construction

• sensory disturbance that causes wildlife to avoid areas

• barriers that the project might present to wildlife movement, such as trenches or pipelines that animals cannot cross

Increased mortality is possible because human–wildlife conflicts can result in the destruction of wildlife, and because hunters and predators can access wildlife more readily along roads or pipeline rights-of-way.

Mitigation strategies to reduce effects on wildlife include:

• developing and implementing operating guidelines to:

• address potential effects on wildlife • reduce sensory disturbance on wildlife

• managing access in cooperation with communities and regulatory agencies

• controlling pipeline corridor-related vehicle use

• preventing harvest, harassment and feeding of wildlife on the job site

• reducing the pipeline footprint and related vegetation clearing

• scheduling work activities to avoid sensitive life-cycle stages, where feasible

• implementing design and work practices to reduce the barrier effects of the pipeline on wildlife movement

• implementing reclamation plans to re-establish wildlife habitat

• managing waste effectively to avoid attracting wildlife

Habitat availability for wildlife is influenced by several factors, including vegetation loss, sensory disturbance and increased access by humans and predators. The magnitude of most effects on habitat availability will be low, with sensory disturbance being an important contributing factor when magnitude is moderate. Some effects extend into the far future because of the length of time it

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takes for vegetation, particularly lichen and old-growth forests, to recover and restore habitat values.

The project is predicted to have low-magnitude effects on wildlife movement except for moderate-magnitude, medium-term, local effects on barren-ground and woodland caribou.

Wildlife mortality can be affected by the project through several pathways, including change in special habitats, energetic stress, removal of individuals and exposure to chemicals. The most important source of mortality will be from increased access for hunters and predators, which could result in moderate-magnitude, long-term effects on wildlife.

No significant effects on wildlife are predicted.

Cumulative Effects

An assessment of cumulative effects concluded that:

• the project will not contribute to significant cumulative effects • there are no significant overall cumulative effects

Socio-Economic Environment

This section summarizes the socio-economic effects of the project. The project has the potential to deliver significant economic benefits, such as jobs, labour income and increases in gross domestic product and government revenue, both in the study area and elsewhere in Canada. However, these benefits carry with them certain risks that existing social wellness conditions, particularly within the study area, might be adversely affected. The challenge is to manage the flow and distribution of economic benefits, and undertake additional mitigation as necessary, to reduce corresponding undesirable changes in wellness conditions.

Because socio-economic effects involve many aspects of everyday individual and community conditions and public services, the responsibility for managing these effects must be shared. The project will need the full and active cooperation of potentially affected communities and governments to effectively meet this challenge. The specific commitments of the proponents toward implementation of this shared responsibility are detailed in Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment.

Procurement, Employment and Regional Economic Effects

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and skills and make bidding procedures user-friendly will expand northern labour force participation and business capacity.

Over the proposed main construction period, 2006 to 2010, project capital investment is estimated at $6.2 billion. The largest expenditure will be for the natural gas pipeline, which will account for $2.95 billion, or almost half of all expenditures. It is estimated that about $1 billion of the project capital investment will be retained in the Northwest Territories. Annual average operations, maintenance and ongoing drilling expenditures in the Northwest Territories are expected to range from $141 to $210 million and average $169 million from 2009 to 2030.

During the four years of project construction, about 5,800 direct and spinoff jobs, or an annual average of 1,400 jobs, will be generated in the Northwest Territories. About 114,000 direct and spinoff jobs will be generated in Canada because of project construction, or about 28,400 jobs annually. More than half those jobs are expected to be in Alberta.

With respect to operations and ongoing drilling activity, an annual average of about 500 direct and spinoff jobs will be generated by the project in the Northwest Territories from 2009 to 2030. This represents close to 40% of the total average annual project-related employment generated during this period.

The project has committed to a variety of economic effect optimization measures described in Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment.

Project economic effects are expected to be positive, and high magnitude during construction. During operations, economic effects are expected to be positive, and low magnitude in all regions except Gwich’in Settlement Area, where effects will be moderate. Procurement, employment and regional economic effects will be significant during construction in most regions, and during operations in the Gwich’in Settlement Area.

The large-scale nature of the project, in the context of the relatively small and still developing study area economy, means that all key economic indicators for the Northwest Territories will be positively affected to a high degree. Although the effects on the national economy will be proportionally smaller, the attributes of these effects on most key indicators are expected to be similar.

The effect on the Northwest Territories gross domestic product is expected to be positive and significant during both construction and operations. The Canadian gross domestic product will be significantly affected only during construction.

Government Revenue

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payments. The size of these various project payments is expected to exceed the costs of sustaining adequate infrastructure and services to meet project-related demands.

Although the project will generate large tax revenue for the federal and Northwest Territories governments during construction and operations, the net effect on the Government of the Northwest Territories will be dampened because part of the tax revenue will reduce the Formula Financing Grant. As a result, these effects are not significant for the Northwest Territories but are significant for the federal government.

Demography

The possibility that population increases will overburden community infrastructure and services is a concern. All aspects of field development and project construction will create demands for labour, and thus tend to encourage migration to regional and other centres of project activity. Relevant mitigation measures, such as hiring Aboriginal and other northern residents in their home communities and southern residents only in southern locations, will be used to reduce the number of migrants to the North searching for project work.

Project effects on population movement in most regions are expected to be adverse, low to moderate magnitude, usually short term and therefore, not significant. In Inuvik and Norman Wells, the effects could be both adverse and positive, and high magnitude. In Fort Simpson they are expected to be adverse, and moderate magnitude. In all cases, however, they will be local and short term, and therefore, not significant. For details, see Volume 6, Socio Economic Impact Assessment.

During operations, the effect on population will be relatively small and will only marginally affect Inuvik, Norman Wells and the other industrial and commercial centres in the Northwest Territories. The initial transitional effect on the study area could be about 470 people during the 2009 to 2015 period and is assessed as not significant.

Transportation Infrastructure

Because of its size, the project will induce substantially increased demands on all transportation modes during construction but not during operations.

The project will ensure that project transportation requirements will have limited adverse effects on any region or community in the study area. A timely, cooperative planning effort by the project proponents, the relevant transportation logistics managers, Government of the Northwest Territories Transportation, local community leaders and, in some cases, Government of the Northwest Territories Municipal and Community Affairs is required to design measures for managing

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the expected project effects on transportation. These efforts must focus on the steps to be taken, development of effective protocols and procedures, combined with the resources to implement them.

Agreements between the project and the Government of the Northwest Territories, and between the project and applicable municipalities will be negotiated and will include provisions for the project’s use of permanent and seasonal roads. Other relevant measures will include continuing discussions with transport facility and service providers (and the development of necessary controls for project traffic) to ensure sufficient capacity to meet community requirements and project demands.

During construction, project effects on transportation infrastructure will be mostly adverse because of increased demands. However, all effects are expected to be low to moderate magnitude, short term and therefore, not significant. No adverse transportation effects are expected during operations.

Energy and Utilities Infrastructure

The communities in the study area have mostly satisfactory water sourcing and treatment facilities, waste disposal arrangements, power supplies and heating fuel supplies. All have telephone, television, Internet and radio access, receive newspapers and have mail delivered three to six times a week.

Project construction camps are designed to be self-sufficient in terms of water treatment, sewage and solid waste treatment and disposal, and communications capabilities. The project is not expected to adversely affect utilities, energy sources or communications facilities in any study area community during operations or construction.

Housing

Project effects on housing and accommodations will include direct and indirect demands for short- and long-term accommodation. Demands for short-term accommodation will be greatly reduced by providing project construction camps for most direct hires but might increase to meet the needs of in-migrants. Hiring procedures that discourage speculative in-migration, will help reduce construction accommodation pressures and the housing sector might adjust somewhat by anticipating demand.

The effects on housing during construction will be adverse in communities where there is an existing shortage. These effects are expected to be low or moderate magnitude, short term and not significant. During operations, the regional centres of Inuvik, Norman Wells and possibly Fort Simpson, will experience a positive, low-magnitude, long-term effect that is not significant.

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Recreation Resources

Camp facilities will meet the recreation needs of most project employees. Some employees will be based in the regional centres, most for relatively short periods. There could also be speculative in-migration to the regional centres, in spite of planned mitigation measures. Inuvik, Norman Wells and Hay River are well equipped with large-capacity recreation complexes and other facilities. However, if Fort Simpson experiences any sizable increase in short-term residents, the local recreation facilities and programs will be challenged.

The project is expected to have a high-magnitude, short-term, adverse effect on Fort Simpson, but generally will have only low-magnitude, short-term, adverse effects elsewhere. In all cases, these effects are not expected to be significant. During operations, no noticeable effect on community recreation resources is expected.

Governance

Governance systems are changing in the Northwest Territories. With the signing of land claims agreements in all affected regions except Deh Cho, and the associated transfer of powers, Aboriginal groups have enhanced political control. However, their effective authority is often limited because they lack financial independence, and territorial and federal governments still have considerable influence.

The land claims agreements have increased the decision-making demands on Aboriginal governing authorities and their leadership. The project will likely increase the number and importance of issues that Aboriginal authorities must address, challenging their energy and time.

The project will produce considerable tax and royalties revenue that should exceed project-related increased demand for government expenditures. However, revenue could occur too late to cover costs and could accrue to different levels of government.

Project effects on governance are expected to be moderate magnitude in the Northwest Territories, limited to construction and not significant.

Individual, Family and Community Wellness

Wellness is used as a generic term and includes physical, emotional and mental health, and relationship well-being.

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Community Well-Being and Delivery of Social Services

There could be negative and positive project effects on wellness from:

• increased local earnings and disposable incomes, but spending of project earnings by some northern residents on increased consumption of alcohol and associated increases in problem conditions

• opportunities for association of project workers with local community residents

Large, 1,350-person, construction camps will be located very close to three communities. Fort Good Hope and Norman Wells will each have a camp located next to the community, and Inuvik will be within 20 km of one 1,350- and one 250-person camp. Arriving and departing workers at these camps will use the local airport or airstrip, providing opportunities for them to associate with residents of the communities.

The most frequent and persistent problems that community wellness centres must address are substance abuse, primarily alcohol, and derivative violence, often in families. Increased income from project employment is expected to add substantially to substance abuse-related problems, and to the burdens of the social service workers and the RCMP who deal with these problems.

During construction, the effects on well-being in most individual communities are expected to be both negative and positive, but the net residual effect is expected to be adverse, low to moderate magnitude, local and short term. In Inuvik, Tuktoyaktuk and Aklavik, communities of the region that will be the most influenced by construction activity, and in Fort Simpson, the effects on well-being are expected to be high magnitude, but short term. However, no well-being effects are expected to be significant.

Although the magnitude of effects on the delivery of social services is expected to range from low to high in a few activity centres, these effects will be short term, local and not significant. There are expected to be positive, low-magnitude, long-term effects on well-being conditions and social services during operations.

Health Conditions and Health Care Services

The health of individuals and groups can benefit from the project because of employment opportunities and increased income to spend on better diet, necessary clothing and improved housing arrangements or facilities. Project-influenced associations with new role models could also have health or safety benefits. However, health might be adversely affected by:

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• project-influenced associations with others who engage in health-risking behaviours

• exposure to contagious diseases, e.g., sexually transmitted infections

• ill-health or injury resulting from alcohol abuse and associated dangerous behaviour

Net residual project effects on health conditions during construction are expected to be adverse, low or moderate magnitude, and short term and therefore, are not significant.

Camps will be designed to have their own medical services, however it is expected that construction effects on health care services will be adverse, range from low to high magnitude, and will be local to regional in extent in study area communities and regions. All effects on health care facilities will be short term and not significant.

Activities during operations are not expected to affect health care facilities because the increased income, and the work and separation-related stresses will diminish with completion of construction.

Project construction camps will be self-contained, sourcing and treating water, and treating and disposing of liquid and solid waste according to government published standards. The project is not expected to induce health risk for humans, plants or animals during either construction or operations. Relevant mitigation measures will address buildup of exhaust air pollutants from parked diesel engines idling near communities.

Public Safety and Protection Services

Many RCMP detachments in some study area communities are currently overburdened. During construction, policing workloads will be affected by having to address increased problems in the communities served and occasional problems in camps. Enhanced control of alcohol abuse will be the most effective way to reduce policing problems.

Given the increased likelihood of substance abuse and derivative problems that increased community earnings from pipeline construction income will bring, construction effects on local policing will be adverse, ranging from low to high magnitude but will be short-term. Accordingly these effects will not be significant. Effects on public safety during operations are expected to be neutral or adverse, low magnitude and long term.

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Education Attainment and Services

Education attainment and services in the study area might be affected by the project, especially during construction. Some adolescents might respond to employment opportunities by leaving school prematurely. Some former dropouts might return to qualify for more training however, and children of in-migrants could increase enrolment demands. Thus, there could be project-related effects in education and training programs.

With regard to education attainment, most communities are expected to experience both positive and adverse effects of low or moderate magnitude during construction. These effects are short term and therefore, not significant.

Effects on education services and facilities are not expected in most communities. Moderate-magnitude, adverse effects are expected in Tuktoyaktuk, and low-magnitude, positive effects could occur in a few other communities. None of these effects is significant because of the short-term nature of construction activities.

Traditional Culture

Harvesting and seasonal wage employment tend to support each other, because wage employment is necessary to pay for the expensive equipment now needed for efficient harvesting, and the project will provide employment to help support these equipment needs. But project employment could jeopardize transfer of harvester skills and knowledge if time working for the project pre-empts harvesting opportunities, and Aboriginal workers lose interest in traditional lifestyles. On the other hand, Aboriginal workers could find that contacts with southern residents make their traditional lifestyle increasingly attractive.

The effect of the project on cross-generation transference of traditional language, and knowledge of and identification with traditional culture, are central to questions about language and cultural retention. As in the case of resource harvesting, project influences could either strengthen or weaken language and culture.

Construction personnel will not be allowed to partake in harvesting activities while on the job.

It is anticipated that there will be moderate or low magnitude adverse effects on traditional harvesting, traditional language and culture retention in communities in the study area with substantial Aboriginal populations. No effects are expected in Norman Wells and Yellowknife.

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Nontraditional Land and Resource Use

Effects of the project on the following were assessed in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area, Sahtu Settlement Area, Deh Cho Region and northwestern Alberta:

• land ownership

• granular resources

• timber

• mining

• oil and gas activities

• nontraditional resource harvesting, e.g., hunting, fishing and trapping by non-Aboriginals

• other commercial activities, e.g., reindeer herding, agriculture

• tourism and recreation

• environmentally protected areas, e.g., bird sanctuaries

• visual and protected resources

Project effects were assessed for all project components and phases. None of the anticipated effects are expected to be significant.

Protected Areas

Construction of the pipeline and associated project components will overlap with some areas designated for limited development. Construction will decrease the undisturbed area within these designated areas. However, in all cases, the project will be developed to meet the recommendations or requirements of the various land use plans and regulations that apply.

The project has taken a landscape-based approach to the environmental and socio-economic impact assessments (resulting in a 30-km corridor centred on the pipeline). This approach provides an information base for assessing potential effects of the project on any future areas in the corridor that might be identified under the protected areas strategy. The effects on protected areas are generally low to moderate magnitude, and short term. As a result, they are not significant.

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Heritage Resources

The methods employed for the project-focused field reconnaissance and heritage resource impact assessment are standard for archaeological projects of this type in the region. The heritage resources program designed for the project recognizes the uncertainty associated with final site and route selection and has adopted a staged approach that will provide increasing levels of precision for assessment of project effects on heritage resources as sites and routes are finalized.

Field studies consisted of a reconnaissance-level study of the three anchor fields and segments of a 1-km-wide corridor along the pipeline route. As well, 67 potential infrastructure and 159 potential borrow sites were investigated. A total of 114 heritage resources sites were found: 28 in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, 32 in the Gwich’in Settlement Area, 34 in the Sahtu Settlement Area and 20 in the Deh Cho Region. Site significance was rated as high at 32 sites, medium at 37 sites and low at 47 sites.

No archaeological field studies were done in Alberta during 2002 and 2003.

A Heritage Resources Management Plan has been developed to reduce potential effects.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview and Purpose

1.1.1 Background

Developing a natural gas pipeline from the Mackenzie Delta through the Northwest Territories to southern markets has been contemplated for many years. Various pipeline projects have been proposed during the last 30 years, considering economics, regulatory requirements, socio-economic and environmental conditions, and engineering and geotechnical issues in the decision-making process.

The Mackenzie Gas Project (the project) has been developed based on the experience of its proponents and the opportunities presented by current market conditions. The project proponents include:

• Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, a subsidiary of Imperial Oil Limited

• Mackenzie Valley Aboriginal Pipeline Limited Partnership

• ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited (ConocoPhillips)

• ExxonMobil Canada Properties (ExxonMobil)

• Shell Canada Limited (Shell)

1.1.2 Purpose of Environmental Impact Statement

This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Mackenzie Gas Project has been developed over the last three years using a community, issue-focused approach that incorporates the input of those communities likely to be affected by the project. This is in keeping with the direction provided by the various regulatory agencies that are responsible for assessing and regulating energy developments in the Northwest Territories (see the Cooperation Plan, Northern Pipeline Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Chairs’ Committee [Chairs’ Committee] 2002a). This EIS presents:

• an overview of the project, for the purpose of an environmental assessment

• a description of biophysical and socio-economic baseline conditions

• an assessment of potential impacts organized according to key questions and developed with community input

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• a description of mitigation measures to reduce adverse biophysical and socio- economic impacts

• a summary of environmental management plans designed to reduce or manage adverse biophysical project effects, while enhancing beneficial effects to the communities of the Northwest Territories

The operator of each field will develop the anchor fields after individual approvals by the National Energy Board (NEB) have been received. The project proponents have agreed to participate in a common EIS submission and review process. As a result, the EIS submission has been prepared on behalf of the anchor field operators, the owners of the gathering system (including the natural gas liquid [NGL] pipeline), and the owners of the gas pipeline.

1.1.3 Project Purpose and Need

The purpose of the project is to develop three onshore natural gas fields (anchor fields) in the Mackenzie Delta and to transport natural gas and NGLs by pipeline to market (see Figure 1-1). The major project priorities are to:

• design, construct and operate the project safely

• meet quality, cost and schedule expectations

• demonstrate care for the environment

• create a wide range of business and employment opportunities for Aboriginal and other northern and Canadian residents

The pipeline system will be anchored by developing about 172 billion m3 of sweet natural gas from the three anchor fields in the production area. The Mackenzie Valley pipeline is needed to economically transport the natural gas from the production area to southern markets over the next 25 to 30 years.

1.1.4 Project Overview

Constructing, operating and decommissioning the project components will involve:

• drilling wells and installing production facilities at Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake, including:

• flow lines • gas conditioning facilities

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• installing infrastructure to support construction and operations activities, including:

• barge landing sites • camps • fuel storage sites • stockpile sites • access roads • airstrips and helipads • borrow sites

• constructing and operating gas processing and separation facilities

• constructing and operating pipelines and associated facilities, including:

• a natural gas pipeline • an NGL pipeline • compressor stations • a heater station • metering and pigging facilities

• connecting the NGL pipeline with the existing Enbridge pipeline near Norman Wells

• connecting the gas pipeline with the NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) pipeline system at an interconnect facility in northwestern Alberta

• decommissioning and abandoning components at the end of their useful lives

The project has been designed to accommodate gas and NGLs from other potential sources in the Mackenzie Delta and Mackenzie Valley.

1.1.5 Project Alternatives

Various alternatives were considered in evaluating and selecting the preferred option to develop the project, including:

• alternatives to the project – functionally different ways to produce, process and transport Mackenzie Delta gas to southern markets

• alternative means – technically and economically feasible ways to implement and conduct the project within the context of the preferred option

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Figure 1-1: Project Location

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Alternatives to the project were considered at a broad, conceptual level, to explore the proposed options for developing anchor fields in the Mackenzie Delta and transporting the gas to southern markets (see Volume 2, Project Description for further details).

Transportation

Alternatives to gas transportation were considered, including:

• having liquefied natural gas plants in the production area, with the product being transported by ship or barge to North American or other international markets

• using barges on the Mackenzie River to transport gas liquids from the Inuvik area facility to Norman Wells

• constructing alternative pipeline corridors

Liquefied Natural Gas Plants

Liquefied natural gas plants and associated ship or rail transportation are often used in remote and unpopulated areas as an alternative to transporting natural gas by pipeline. This alternative was rejected because of the lack of all-season shipping routes from the Beaufort Sea to markets, and the requirements to develop deep-water ports in the shallow Mackenzie Delta or coastal area. In addition, railway lines and all-weather road access to the production area do not exist.

Barges for Natural Gas Liquids

Using barges to transport NGLs is only possible during the open-water season, not during the winter. Because the liquids need to be transported continually, to avoid extensive storage, this option was rejected.

Alternative Pipeline Corridors

Alternative pipeline corridors included:

• a polar gas route with various route options • a Mackenzie riverbed route, i.e., pipe laydown within the river channel

These corridors were rejected as viable options because of combined technical, economic, social, environmental and regulatory considerations. The preferred corridor does, however, consider parts of the polar gas route, as discussed in the route selection process (see Volume 2, Project Description).

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1.1.5.1 Alternative Means to Carry Out the Project

Alternative means that were considered to carry out the project included:

• alternative locations for facilities and infrastructure sites • route alternatives within the preferred pipeline corridor • alternative methods for construction and reclamation

Alternative means were considered according to technical, economic, social and environmental criteria (see Volume 2, Project Description, for details). Public input was incorporated in the decision-making process, specifically during the route and site selection process.

1.1.5.2 The Preferred Alternative

The proposed project is expected to meet regional and national interests and the interests of stakeholders, including:

• northern residents • regulators • governments • consumers

To date, there are no viable alternatives to the development and transportation of Mackenzie Delta gas to southern markets that have advanced to the same level as the current project.

1.1.5.3 The No-Go Alternative

A no-go alternative to the project would forgo development benefits and opportunities, given that:

• recoverable resources exist in the three anchor fields

• market conditions are expected to be favourable to support project development

• many northern residents are now willing to consider project development

The no-go alternative would result in lost benefits and opportunities for both the proponents and northern residents.

In the context of the EIS, proven technology and management practices can be applied to the project today, to avoid or reduce adverse environmental and socio-economic effects.

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1.2 Proponent Ownership

The Mackenzie Gas Project (the project) is being developed by:

• Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, a subsidiary of Imperial Oil Limited, which will construct and operate the Mackenzie gathering system and the Mackenzie Valley pipeline on behalf of the gathering system and pipeline proponents. Imperial Oil Resources Limited currently holds the significant discovery licence for, and operates, the Taglu gas field.

• the Mackenzie Valley Aboriginal Pipeline Limited Partnership, which was formed by representatives of various aboriginal groups to represent the ownership interest of the Aboriginal people of the Northwest Territories in the Mackenzie Valley pipeline

• ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited (ConocoPhillips) and ExxonMobil Canada Properties (ExxonMobil), which jointly hold the Parsons Lake gas field. This field is 75% held by ConocoPhillips and 25% held by ExxonMobil, and is operated by ConocoPhillips.

• Shell Canada Limited (Shell), which holds and operates the Niglintgak gas field

• Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil and Shell, which will develop the Mackenzie gathering system

1.2.1 Commercial Agreements

The Mackenzie Delta and other areas along or near the Mackenzie Valley have been, and continue to be, active areas of exploration. The proponents have had extensive discussion with companies interested in transporting their natural gas and NGLs via the project pipelines. Precedent agreements have been executed with some shippers.

1.3 Project Schedule

1.3.1 Regulatory Review and Approvals

Following submission of the EIS to the Joint Review Panel, as envisaged in the Cooperation Plan (see Section 1.6.1, Cooperation Plan), it is expected that the EIS will go through:

• an evaluation to ensure it conforms with the EIS Terms of Reference • an information request phase • a hearing phase

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1.3.2 Project Phases

Developing the Mackenzie Delta natural gas reserves and constructing the gas and NGL pipelines requires a multi-year phased effort (see Figure 1-2).

Feasibility Study Decision to prepare regulatory applications Complete Project Decision to construct Definition

• concurrently assess 3 - 4 years external matters Design and • assess natural gas Construction markets 3 - 4 years • engineering studies • assess reserves Operations • little, if any, • environmental field work field work 25+ years • detailed design of • public consultation • gas sales facilities • northern benefits • potential expansion plans • drill wells • abandonment • purchase goods and • regulatory and reclamation applications services • regulatory review • construct pipeline process and field facilities

Figure 1-2: Project Phases

1.3.2.1 Project Definition

Following completion of the Feasibility Study in 2001, the project definition phase began in 2002. Activities in this phase include:

• completing conceptual and preliminary engineering design • completing a preliminary construction execution plan • conducting biophysical and socio-economic studies and assessments • developing access agreements and benefits plans • consulting with the public • developing and submitting applications for regulatory approval • participating in the environmental assessment and regulatory review process

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Subject to regulatory approval, at the end of this phase, the proponents will decide whether to proceed with construction. This decision will be based on:

• the terms and conditions of the regulatory approvals • results of detailed engineering • final project cost estimates • final commercial agreements • fiscal terms • the outlook for natural gas markets

1.3.2.2 Detailed Design and Construction

Following the regulatory application review process, detailed engineering design will begin. Final engineering and construction will begin when the required approvals and permits are received.

Detailed design, construction and initial well drilling are expected to take three to four years.

1.3.2.3 Operations

The EIS assumes that the operations phase will last for 25 to 30 years. During this phase, well drilling will continue. Expansion of the facilities and pipelines could occur in association with new or replacement gas coming on stream.

The EIS also presents a brief assessment of decommissioning and abandonment, which is part of operations. Regulatory requirements and society expectations and attitudes might change over the life of the project. Therefore, decommissioning and abandonment procedures will be reassessed when decommissioning begins.

1.4 Major Project Components

1.4.1 Anchor Fields

The three anchor gas fields that will provide product to the gas and NGL pipelines are:

• Niglintgak • Taglu • Parsons Lake

The fields are located in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region of the Northwest Territories (see Figure 1-3).

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Figure 1-3: Location of Anchor Fields Page 1-10 August 2004

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1.4.1.1 Niglintgak

Niglintgak, operated by Shell, is located at the southern end of Niglintgak Island in the Mackenzie Delta, about 120 km northwest of Inuvik and about 85 km west of Tuktoyaktuk. Shell has been active in the Niglintgak area since the early 1970s. The Niglintgak field discovery well was drilled in 1973. During the following four years, four delineation wells were drilled. The information from these wells was analyzed and used to obtain a significant discovery licence in 1987.

1.4.1.2 Taglu

Taglu, operated by Imperial Oil Resources Limited, is located about 120 km northwest of Inuvik and about 70 km west of Tuktoyaktuk. Imperial Oil discovered Taglu in 1971. The discovery well was followed by six more wells drilled between 1972 and 1985. Of these seven wells, five encountered hydrocarbons and two were dry and abandoned. In 1987, Imperial Oil was granted a significant discovery licence for Taglu.

1.4.1.3 Parsons Lake

Parsons Lake, operated by ConocoPhillips, is located about 70 km north of Inuvik and about 55 km southwest of Tuktoyaktuk. The Parsons Lake field was discovered in 1972 and defined by two-dimensional (2-D) seismic and other study programs between 1959 and 2001. Between 1971 and 1986, 19 wells were drilled. The Parsons Lake significant discovery licences were granted in 1987.

1.4.1.4 Anchor Field Development Planning

The development of the three fields is in the project definition phase. Several options for production and facility design and pad locations are currently being evaluated to satisfy the requirements for environmental, operational and economic success. Field developments will be addressed through the development plan application process. The field operators have been conducting coordinated public consultation sessions to incorporate feedback and input, to address and reduce any potentially adverse effects and enhance positive effects.

The EIS provides the biophysical and socio-economic basis for the development plan applications. The results of the studies, environmental assessments and public consultation will be incorporated in each development plan application.

The facilities needed to recover the hydrocarbon resources from the three anchor fields will be developed while considering:

• the environment and current land uses • technical, safety and integrity needs of facilities operating in an Arctic climate

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1.4.2 Gathering System

The components of the gathering system include:

• gathering pipelines to collect the sweet natural gas and associated NGLs from three natural gas fields, Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake (the anchor fields), and transport them to a facility located near Inuvik

• a gas processing facility and supporting facilities near Inuvik to recover NGLs from the gas stream (the Inuvik area facility)

• a pipeline (the NGL pipeline) to transport NGLs south from the Inuvik area facility to Norman Wells, where it will be tied into the existing Enbridge Inc. pipeline

• associated facilities, including:

• pigging facilities • metering stations • a slug catcher

• valve stations

1.4.3 Pipeline Corridor

The gas pipeline will be used to transport gas from the Inuvik area facility to the NGTL interconnect facility near the Northwest Territories–Alberta boundary. The NGL pipeline will transport NGLs along the same corridor as the gas pipeline from the Inuvik area facility to Norman Wells.

Figure 1-1, shown previously, shows the proposed pipeline corridor, resulting from technical studies and consultation with community residents. The detailed routes of the gas and NGL pipelines within the pipeline corridor are subject to further detailed technical and commercial studies and public consultation.

1.5 Project Guiding Principles

1.5.1 Environment, Health and Safety

The project guiding principles for environment, health and safety are summarized as follows:

• project planning will take into account sustainable development, balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship, and social and cultural well-being

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• all phases of the project will include environmental and health and safety management systems

• opportunities for reduction of greenhouse gases and other emissions will be pursued

• the proponents will incorporate the best practical technology and recognized industry standards to avoid and reduce effects on the environment and on the health and safety of the public and workforce

• physical footprints will be kept as small as practical, taking into account safety and regulatory codes and standards

• monitoring programs will be implemented to test predictions and assumptions and to provide feedback that will be used to modify construction and operational practices

• the project will undergo risk assessments and hazard evaluations where necessary to avoid or reduce effects on the environment and the health and safety of the public and workforce

• contingency plans will be in place for responding to nonroutine incidents and emergencies, although the possibility of such incidents occurring is remote

1.5.2 Public Participation and Consultation

The project’s guiding principles for public participation and consultation are:inform and solicit comments from affected members of the public in a timely manner about proposed developments and activities affecting their community. Information will be provided throughout all project phases.

• be responsive to public input and concerns and take these into account during project design and planning

• record and respond to public concerns that are raised

1.5.3 Traditional Knowledge

The project guiding principle for incorporating traditional knowledge in the EIS and in the detailed design, construction and operations phases is to gather and take into account local traditional knowledge, in conjunction with scientific data, throughout the environmental assessment process.

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1.5.4 Biophysical Effects

The project guiding principles for biophysical effects are summarized as follows:

• a biophysical impact assessment will identify potential positive and adverse effects of the project using the results from field studies, literature sources and traditional knowledge

• mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate adverse effects will be incorporated into project design, construction practices and operational procedures

• the significance of any adverse residual effect will be assessed in terms of the magnitude, geographic extent and duration of the effect

• environmental monitoring programs will be developed with community and regulatory input. Monitoring will encompass both compliance and effects monitoring.

1.5.5 Socio-Economic Effects

The project guiding principles for socio-economic effects are summarized as follows:

• the project proponents will provide the opportunity for northern residents to participate in, and benefit from, the project

• a socio-economic impact assessment will identify potential positive and adverse effects. The project will apply management measures to reduce or avoid adverse effects, and methods to enhance the positive effects and benefits of the project.

• management of socio-economic effects will require a shared responsibility between the project proponents and the applicable government agencies

1.5.6 Regulatory Compliance

The project guiding principles for regulatory compliance are as follows:

• the project proponents, contractors and subcontractors are committed to meeting all applicable regulatory requirements during all phases of the project

• a regulatory compliance management plan will be implemented before initial construction. It will include tracking, recording, inspecting and following up.

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1.5.7 Environmental Management

A series of environmental management and protection plans will be in place before construction and will be updated as required throughout the detailed design, construction and operations phases (see Volume 7, Environmental Management).

1.6 Project Approval Process

1.6.1 Cooperation Plan

The Cooperation Plan (Chairs’ Committee 2002a) provides the framework for:

• the regulatory approval process for the project

• preparing and submitting the EIS as an integral component of the regulatory filings

This EIS covers:

• the three anchor fields • the gathering system, including the NGL pipeline • the gas pipeline and associated facilities • associated logistics • infrastructure • granular resource requirements

1.6.2 Consolidated Information Requirements

On September 30, 2002, the Chairs’ Committee released the Consolidated Information Requirements (CIR) (Chairs’ Committee 2002b) for the environmental impact assessment and regulatory review of a northern gas pipeline project through the Northwest Territories. The Consolidated Information Requirements are intended to guide potential proponents in collecting and analyzing baseline environmental and socio-economic data and technical information used for preparing the EIS and other regulatory applications.

1.6.3 Preliminary Information Package

The project proponents submitted the Mackenzie Gas Project Preliminary Information Package (PIP) to the Chairs’ Committee and other interested parties on June 18, 2003. The PIP identified potential environmental and socio-economic issues at that time, and the assessment approach that would be taken and submitted in the EIS (Imperial Oil et al. 2003).

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The Chairs’ Committee evaluated and accepted the PIP as complete on June 30, 2003. The PIP was subsequently used to initiate the:

• review steps under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act • environmental screening process under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement • review process under the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act

The EIS is consistent with, and expands on, the contents of the PIP.

1.6.4 Terms of Reference A draft Terms of Reference was issued for public comment and feedback on June 3, 2004. A final Terms of Reference was subsequently issued to the project proponents and it will serve as the basis for the Joint Review Panel to evaluate the EIS for acceptability and completeness and allow the review and hearing process to begin. The project proponents believe the EIS meets the intent of the Terms of Reference. If areas require further clarification or data, the proponents will file supplementary reports or respond to formal information requests. 1.6.5 National Energy Board Regulatory Filings Under the Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act (COGOA), Development Plan Applications (DPAs) are being filed separately with the NEB for anchor field development at: • Niglintgak • Taglu • Parsons Lake

An authorization to construct the Mackenzie gathering system under COGOA is also being submitted.

An application under the National Energy Board Act is also being made for approval to construct and operate the Mackenzie Valley pipeline from the Inuvik area facility to the Northwest Territories–Alberta boundary.

Each NEB filing refers to this EIS submission for specific details on the environmental and socio-economic effects and mitigation measures.

The EIS also considers new NGTL facilities required to transport gas delivered by the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. NGTL will seek approval from the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board for these facilities, under a separate regulatory application.

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1.6.6 Permit Applications

A series of site or activity-specific Project Permit Applications (PPAs) will be required before construction, including:

• land use permits • land lease permits • water licences • navigable water licences • fisheries authorizations

Land use permits are required for construction of all project facilities and infrastructure sites, including, for example:

• well pads • flow lines • winter roads • construction camps • barge landing sites

Land leases, with a term of up to 30 years and renewable for an additional 30 years, are required for facility, infrastructure and camp sites.

Water licences are required for:

• domestic water use • constructing ice roads • hydrostatic testing of the pipeline • discharge of wastewater

Navigable water licences are required for navigable watercourse crossings and docking sites. Authorizations are required for water crossings, barge landing sites and any areas where fish habitat could be harmfully altered, disrupted or destroyed (Cott and Moore 2003).

Table 1-1 summarizes these permit applications. Figure 1-4 shows the linkage between the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the PPAs. Data collected for the EIS can be used at a regional or overview level to support the PPAs. However, site-specific information will be part of the approval process for each project permit application.

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System 1 Detailed pipeline route mid-2006 Plan, Profile and Book of NEB National Energy Board Act NWT Reference 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region access to mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act ISR highways Public Highway 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations ISR 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region airstrip mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services ISR navigation Commercialization Act 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region airstrip, mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Convention Act ISR effects on migratory birds 65 Inuvialuit Settlement Region electrical mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act ISR work 17 Inuvialuit Settlement Region explosives mid-2006 Explosives Storage Permit DNR Explosives Act ISR storage 17 Inuvialuit Settlement Region explosives mid-2006 Explosives Use Permit NWT, WCB Explosives Use Act ISR use 58 Inuvialuit Settlement Region land mid-2006 Lease and LoO INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal ISR tenure, Crown land Real Property Act 66 Inuvialuit Settlement Region land use, mid-2006 Land Use Permit INAC Territorial Land Use Regulations ISR Crown land 49 Inuvialuit Settlement Region land use, mid-2006 Land Use Permit ILA Inuvialuit Land Management ISR private land System 40 Inuvialuit Settlement Region private mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way ILA Inuvialuit Land Management ISR land tenure System 8 Inuvialuit Settlement Region quarries, mid-2006 Quarry Permit/Lease INAC Territorial Quarrying Regulations ISR Crown land 9 Inuvialuit Settlement Region quarrying, mid-2006 Quarry Licence ILA Inuvialuit Land Management ISR private land System 19 Inuvialuit Settlement Region radio mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act ISR apparatus 198 Inuvialuit Settlement Region water mid-2006 Authorization for HADD, if DFO Fisheries Act ISR crossings necessary

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System (cont’d) 198 Inuvialuit Settlement Region work in mid-2006 Navigable Waters Approval CCG Navigable Waters Protection Act, ISR navigable waters NEB Act 115 Inuvialuit Settlement Region, burning mid-2006 Fire permit to clear land RWED Forest Protection Act ISR timber 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region, timber mid-2006 Timber Cutting Permit RWED Forest Management Act ISR cutting 115 Inuvialuit Settlement Region, land use mid-2006 Archaeologist Permit PWNHC Archaeological Sites Regulations ISR 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region, land use mid-2006 Mackenzie Development MACA Mackenzie Development Area ISR Area Permission regulations 115 Inuvialuit Settlement Region, wildlife mid-2006 Wildlife Permit RWED NWT Wildlife Act ISR disturbance 233 ISR water use, and water crossings mid-2006 Water Licence NWTWB NWT Waters Act ISR 1 Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary land use mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Sanctuary ISR Regulations 1 Gwich'in Settlement Area access to mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act GSA highways Public Highway 2 Gwich'in Settlement Area airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations GSA 2 Gwich'in Settlement Area airstrip mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services GSA navigation Commercialization Act 2 Gwich'in Settlement Area airstrip, mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Convention Act GSA effects on migratory birds 1 Gwich'in Settlement Area compressor mid-2006 Boiler and Pressure Vessel GNWT, PWS Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act GSA stations Permit 78 Gwich'in Settlement Area electrical mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act GSA work 21 Gwich'in Settlement Area explosives mid-2006 Explosives Storage Permit DNR Explosives Act GSA storage 21 Gwich'in Settlement Area explosives mid-2006 Explosives Use Permit NWT, WCB Explosives Use Act GSA use

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System (cont’d) 45 Gwich'in Settlement Area land tenure, mid-2006 Lease and LoO INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal GSA Crown land Real Property Act 1 Gwich'in Settlement Area land use mid-2006 Gwich'in Land Use Plan GLUPB Mackenzie Valley Resource GSA Amendment Management Act 128 Gwich'in Settlement Area land use mid-2006 Land Use Permit MVLWB Mackenzie Valley Land Use GSA Regulations 62 Gwich'in Settlement Area private land mid-2006 Industrial Lease/right-of-way GLA Gwich'in Land Management and GSA tenure Control Rules 9 Gwich'in Settlement Area quarries, mid-2006 Quarry Permit/Lease INAC Territorial Quarrying Regulations GSA Crown land 12 Gwich'in Settlement Area quarries, mid-2006 Quarry Lease GLA Gwich'in Land Management and GSA private land Control Rules 23 Gwich'in Settlement Area radio mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act GSA apparatus 209 Gwich'in Settlement Area water mid-2006 Authorization for HADD, if DFO Fisheries Act GSA crossings necessary 245 Gwich'in Settlement Area water use and mid-2006 Water Licence MVLWB NWT Waters Act GSA water crossings 209 Gwich'in Settlement Area work in mid-2006 Navigable Waters Approval CCG Navigable Waters Protection Act, GSA navigable waters NEB Act 128 Gwich'in Settlement Area, burning mid-2006 Fire permit to clear land RWED Forest Protection Act GSA timber 1 Gwich'in Settlement Area, timber cutting mid-2006 Timber Cutting Permit RWED Forest Management Act GSA 128 Gwich'in Settlement Area, land use mid-2006 Archaeologist Permit PWNHC Archaeological Sites Regulations GSA 1 Gwich'in Settlement Area, land use mid-2006 Inuvik Watershed MACA Inuvik Watershed Development GSA Development Area Approval Area Regulations 1 Gwich'in Settlement Area, land use mid-2006 Mackenzie Development MACA Mackenzie Development Area GSA Area Permission Regulations 128 Gwich'in Settlement Area, wildlife mid-2006 Wildlife Permit RWED NWT Wildlife Act GSA disturbance

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System (cont’d) 1 Sahtu Settlement Area access to mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act SSA highways Public Highway 3 Sahtu Settlement Area airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations SSA 3 Sahtu Settlement Area airstrip mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services SSA navigation Commercialization Act 3 Sahtu Settlement Area airstrip, effects mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Convention Act SSA on migratory birds 2 Sahtu Settlement Area compressor mid-2006 Boiler and Pressure Vessel GNWT, PWS Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act SSA stations Permit 151 Sahtu Settlement Area electrical work mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act SSA 51 Sahtu Settlement Area explosives mid-2006 Explosives Storage Permit DNR Explosives Act SSA storage 51 Sahtu Settlement Area explosives use mid-2006 Explosives Use Permit NWT, WCB Explosives Use Act SSA 54 Sahtu Settlement Area land tenure, mid-2006 Lease and LoO INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal SSA Crown land Real Property Act 195 Sahtu Settlement Area land use mid-2006 Land Use Permit MVLWB Mackenzie Valley Land Use SSA Regulations 17 Sahtu Settlement Area quarries, Crown mid-2006 Quarry Permit/Lease INAC Territorial Quarrying Regulations SSA land 56 Sahtu Settlement Area radio apparatus mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act SSA 368 Sahtu Settlement Area water crossings mid-2006 Authorization for HADD, if DFO Fisheries Act SSA necessary 418 Sahtu Settlement Area water use, and mid-2006 Water Licence MVLWB NWT Waters Act SSA water crossings 368 Sahtu Settlement Area work in mid-2006 Navigable Waters Approval CCG Navigable Waters Protection Act, SSA navigable waters NEB Act 223 Sahtu Settlement Area, burning timber mid-2006 Fire permit to clear land RWED Forest Protection Act SSA 10 Sahtu Settlement Area, Fort Good Hope mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way MACA Commissioner's Land Act SSA land tenure

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System (cont’d) 12 Sahtu Settlement Area, Fort Good Hope mid-2006 Land Use Permit MACA Commissioner's Land Act SSA land use 2 Sahtu Settlement Area, Fort Good Hope mid-2006 Quarry Permit MACA Commissioner's Land Regulations SSA quarrying 61 Sahtu Settlement Area, K'ahsho mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way KGDLC Sahtu Comprehensive Land SSA Got'ine, land tenure Claim Agreement 12 Sahtu Settlement Area, K'ahsho mid-2006 Quarry Permit KGDLC Sahtu Comprehensive Land SSA Got'ine, quarries Claim Agreement 11 Sahtu Settlement Area, Norman Wells mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way MACA Commissioner's Land Act SSA land tenure 13 Sahtu Settlement Area, Norman Wells mid-2006 Land Use Permit MACA Commissioner's Land Act SSA land use 2 Sahtu Settlement Area, Norman Wells mid-2006 Quarry Permit MACA Commissioner's Land Regulations SSA quarrying 2 Sahtu Settlement Area, timber cutting mid-2006 Timber Cutting Permit RWED Forest Management Act SSA 34 Sahtu Settlement Area, Tulita District, mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way TDLC Sahtu Comprehensive Land SSA land tenure Claim Agreement 17 Sahtu Settlement Area, Tulita District, mid-2006 Quarry Permit TDLC Sahtu Comprehensive Land SSA quarries Claim Agreement 3 Sahtu Settlement Area, Tulita land mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way MACA Commissioner's Land Act SSA tenure 3 Sahtu Settlement Area, Tulita land use mid-2006 Land Use Permit MACA Commissioner's Land Act SSA 223 Sahtu Settlement Area, land use mid-2006 Archaeologist Permit PWNHC Archaeological Sites Regulations SSA 1 Sahtu Settlement Area, land use mid-2006 Mackenzie Development MACA Mackenzie Development Area SSA Area Permission Regulations 1 Sahtu Settlement Area, land use mid-2006 Norman Wells Development MACA Norman Wells Development SSA Regulations Approval Regulations 223 Sahtu Settlement Area, wildlife mid-2006 Wildlife Permit RWED NWT Wildlife Act SSA disturbance

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System (cont’d) 2 Camsell Bend, barge landing mid-2006 Land Use Permit MVLWB Mackenzie Valley Land Use DCR Regulations 2 Camsell Bend, barge landing mid-2006 Water Licence MVLWB NWT Waters Act DCR 1 Deh Cho Region access to highways mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act DCR Public Highway 5 Deh Cho Region airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations DCR 5 Deh Cho Region airstrip navigation mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services DCR Commercialization Act 5 Deh Cho Region airstrip, effects on mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Convention Act DCR migratory birds 2 Deh Cho Region compressor stations mid-2006 Boiler and Pressure Vessel GNWT, PWS Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act DCR Permit 102 Deh Cho Region electrical work mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act DCR 43 Deh Cho Region explosive storage mid-2006 Explosives Storage Permit DNR Explosives Act DCR 43 Deh Cho Region explosives use mid-2006 Explosives Use Permit NWT, WCB Explosives Use Act DCR 89 Deh Cho Region land tenure, Crown mid-2006 Lease and LoO INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal DCR land Real Property Act 132 Deh Cho Region land use mid-2006 Land Use Permit MVLWB Mackenzie Valley Land Use DCR Regulations 43 Deh Cho Region quarries mid-2006 Quarry Permit/Lease INAC Territorial Quarrying Regulations DCR 50 Deh Cho Region radio apparatus mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act DCR 196 Deh Cho Region water crossings mid-2006 Authorization for HADD, if DFO Fisheries Act DCR necessary 214 Deh Cho Region water use, and water mid-2006 Water Licence MVLWB NWT Waters Act DCR crossings 196 Deh Cho Region work in navigable mid-2006 Navigable Waters Approval CCG Navigable Waters Protection Act, DCR waters NEB Act 132 Deh Cho Region, burning timber mid-2006 Fire permit to clear land RWED Forest Protection Act DCR 1 Deh Cho Region, timber cutting mid-2006 Timber Cutting Permit RWED Forest Management Act DCR

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited for the Gas Pipeline and Gathering System (cont’d) 132 Deh Cho Region, land use mid-2006 Archaeologist Permit PWNHC Archaeological Sites Regulations DCR 1 Deh Cho Region, land use mid-2006 Mackenzie Development MACA Mackenzie Development Area DCR Area Permission Regulations 132 Deh Cho Region, wildlife disturbance mid-2006 Wildlife Permit RWED NWT Wildlife Act DCR 1 Alberta land use mid-2006 Pipeline Agreement ASRD Public Lands Act AB 1 Alberta land use mid-2006 Pipeline Installation Lease ASRD Public Lands Act AB 1 Alberta land use mid-2006 Timber clearing and burning ASRD Public Lands Act AB permits Filed by Operators of Production Fields (Imperial Oil Resources Limited, ConocoPhillips and Shell) 1 Niglintgak access to highways mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act ISR Public Highway 1 Niglintgak airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations ISR 1 Niglintgak airstrip navigation mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services ISR Commercialization Act 1 Niglintgak compressor mid-2006 Boiler and Pressure Vessel GNWT, PWS Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act ISR Permit 7-9 Niglintgak construction in a watercourse mid-2006 Authorization for HADD, if DFO Fisheries Act ISR necessary 16 Niglintgak electrical work mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act ISR 1 Niglintgak KIBS land use mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Sanctuary ISR Regulations 7 Niglintgak land tenure mid-2006 Lease (4) and LoO (3) INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal ISR Real Property Act 8 Niglintgak land use mid-2006 Land Use Permit INAC Territorial Land Use Regulations ISR 1 Niglintgak radio apparatus mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act ISR 1 Niglintgak water use mid-2006 Water Licence (Type A) NWTWB NWT Waters Act ISR 7 Niglintgak work in navigable waters mid-2006 Navigable Waters Approval CCG Navigable Waters Protection Act, ISR NEB Act

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Operators of Production Fields (Imperial Oil Resources Limited, ConocoPhillips and Shell) (cont’d) 1 Niglintgak, disposal of dredged material mid-2006 Disposal at Sea Permit EC Canadian Environmental ISR Protection Act 1 Taglu access to highways mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act ISR Public Highway 2 Taglu airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations ISR 2 Taglu airstrip navigation mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services ISR Commercialization Act 1 Taglu pressure vessels mid-2006 Boiler and Pressure Vessel GNWT, PWS Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act ISR Permit 1 Taglu construction in a watercourse mid-2006 Authorization for HADD, if DFO Fisheries Act ISR necessary 4 Taglu electrical work mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act ISR 1 Taglu KIBS land use mid-2006 Migratory Bird Permit CWS Migratory Bird Sanctuary ISR Regulations 4 Taglu land tenure mid-2006 Lease and LoO INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal ISR Real Property Act 6 Taglu land use mid-2006 Land Use Permit INAC Territorial Land Use Regulations ISR 1 Taglu radio apparatus mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act ISR 1 Taglu water use mid-2006 Water Licence NWTWB NWT Waters Act ISR 1 Taglu work in navigable waters mid-2006 Navigable Waters Approval CCG Navigable Waters Protection Act, ISR NEB Act 6 Taglu, land use mid-2006 Archaeologist Permit PWNHC Archaeological Sites Regulations ISR 6 Taglu, wildlife disturbance mid-2006 Wildlife Permit RWED NWT Wildlife Act ISR 1 Parsons Lake access to highways mid-2006 Temporary Access to a GNWT, DoT NWT Public Highways Act ISR Public Highway 1 Parsons Lake airstrip mid-2006 Aerodrome Registration TC Canadian Aviation Regulations ISR 1 Parsons Lake airstrip navigation mid-2006 Navigation Permit NavCanada Civil Air Navigation Services ISR Commercialization Act

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EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY

Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by Operators of Production Fields (Imperial Oil Resources Limited, ConocoPhillips and Shell) (cont’d) 1 Parsons Lake compressor mid-2006 Boiler and Pressure Vessel GNWT, PWS Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act ISR Permit 15 Parsons Lake electrical work mid-2006 Electrical Permit GNWT, PWS Electrical Protection Act ISR 2 Parsons Lake land tenure mid-2006 Lease and LoO INAC Territorial Lands Act, Federal ISR Real Property Act 1 Parsons Lake land tenure, private land mid-2006 Lease/right-of-way ILA Inuvialuit Land Management ISR System 4 Parsons Lake land use, Crown land mid-2006 Land Use Permit INAC Territorial Land Use Regulations ISR 1 Parsons Lake land use, private land mid-2006 Land Use Permit ILA Inuvialuit Land Management ISR System 1 Parsons Lake radio apparatus mid-2006 Radio Apparatus Permit DoI Radiocommunication Act ISR 1 Parsons Lake water use mid-2006 Water Licence NWTWB NWT Waters Act ISR 1 Parsons Lake, burning timber mid-2006 Fire permit to clear land RWED Forest Protection Act ISR Filed by NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. for the Northwest Mainline (Dickins Lake Section)2 TBD1 Alberta land use mid-2006 PLA ASRD Public Lands Act AB TBD1 Alberta land use mid-2006 Pipeline Installation Lease ASRD Public Lands Act AB TBD1 Alberta land use mid-2006 Timber clearing and burning ASRD Public Lands Act AB permits TBD1 Construction mid-2006 Permit to construct EUB Pipeline Act AB TBD1 Traditional land use mid-2004 Archaeological Investigation ACD Historical Resources Act AB Permit TBD1 Water crossings 14 days before Notice under the Code of AE Water Act AB activities begin Practice for Pipelines and Telecommunications Lines Crossing a Water Body TBD1 Water crossings 14 days before Notice under the Code of AE Water Act AB activities begin Practice for Watercourse Crossings

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

No. of Approval Date Regulatory Sites Project Component Required Permit Name Agency Legislation Area Filed by NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. for the Northwest Mainline (Dickins Lake Section)2 (cont’d) TBD1 Hydrostatic testing 7 days before Notice under the Code of AE Water Act AB activities begin Practice for the Temporary Diversion of Water for Hydrostatic Testing of Pipelines TBD1 Hydrostatic testing 7 days before Notice under the Code of AE Environmental Protection and AB start of Practice for the Release of Enhancement Act temporary Hydrostatic Test Water from diversion for Hydrostatic Testing of hydrostatic Petroleum Liquid and Gas testing Pipelines TBD1 Road crossings 30 days before Road Crossing Agreement N/A N/A AB construction (Agreement starts with landowner) TBD1 Road use agreements Road Crossing Agreement N/A N/A AB (Agreement with landowner) TBD1 Survey clearance Survey can take Survey certificate ASRD Surface Rights Act AB place at any time after survey permission is granted TBD1 Timber removal and salvage Will file for a Included under the EFR part ASRD Public Lands Act AB waiver for of the PLA exemption TBD1 Pipeline crossings Pipeline crossing N/A N/A AB agreement (Agreement with pipeline owner)

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Table 1-1: Permit Applications (cont’d)

NOTES: 1 The number of sites is not yet available and will depend on the completion of a survey and final project design. 2 The prime construction contractor will obtain all other incidental permits before and during construction. AB = Alberta ACD = Alberta Community Development AE = Alberta Environment ASRD = Alberta Sustainable Resource Development CCG = Canadian Coast Guard CWS = Canadian Wildlife Service DCR = Deh Cho Region DFO = Department of Fisheries and Oceans DNR = Department of Natural Resources, Canada DoI = Department of Industry, Canada EC = Environment Canada EFR = Environmental Field Report EUB = Energy and Utilities Board GLA = Gwich'in Land Administration GLUPB = Gwich'in Land Use Planning Board GNWT, DoT = Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Transportation GSA = Gwich'in Settlement Area HADD = Harmful Alteration, Disruption or Destruction of Fish Habitat ILA = Inuvialuit Land Administration INAC = Indian and Northern Affairs Canada ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region KGDLC = K'ahsho Got'ine District Land Corporation KIBS = Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary LoO = Licence of Occupation (right-of-way from INAC) MACA = Municipal and Community Affairs MVLWB = Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board N/A = not applicable NEB = National Energy Board NWTWB = Northwest Territories Water Board PLA = Pipeline Agreement PWNHC = Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre PWS = Public Works and Services, GNWT RWED = Resources, Wildlife, and Economic Development, GNWT SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area TBD = to be determined TC = Transport Canada TDLC = Tulita District Land Corporation WCB = Workers' Compensation Board Page 1-28 August 2004

EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

Biophysical Environment

•Air Quality •Noise •Groundwater •Hydrology •Water Quality •Fish and Fish Habitat •Soils and Landforms •Vegetation •Wildlife Regional Studies Site-Specific and Analyses Studies and Analyses ENVIRONMENTAL •Inuvialuit Settlement Environmental Traditional Region Project Permit Impact •Borrow Sites DATABASE Knowledge •Gwich’in Settlement Applications •Roads and Area Statement Infrastructure Sites •Sahtu Settlement Area •Pipeline Segments •Deh Cho Region Socio-Economic •Facilities Environment •Northwestern Alberta

•Logistics and Employment •Economy •Infrastructure, Community Service and Governance •Wellness •Traditional Culture •Nontraditional Land and Resource Use •Heritage Resources

Figure 1-4: Linkage Between the Environmental Impact Statement and the Project Permit Applications

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1.7 Developing the Environmental Impact Statement

1.7.1 Community-Based Focus

The EIS addresses the issues and concerns identified during public consultation and EIS workshops, as summarized in Section 4, Public Participation. It also incorporates the traditional knowledge available during EIS preparation.

1.7.2 Consultants Group

The project proponents retained a group of companies with broad and extensive experience in environmental and socio-economic impact assessment and mitigation planning. The group includes AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC), IMG Golder Corporation, KAVIK-AXYS Inc. and TERA Environmental Consultants.

The consultants group provided about 300 team members to complete:

• the environmental field studies • the biophysical impact assessment • the socio-economic evaluations and assessments • the EIS documents

This includes developing this EIS document, and providing support during the regulatory review process.

The consultants are actively involved in the project design, providing input to the engineers, planners and management. The team used the extensive skills and experience of its assessment members to design and complete the required biophysical and socio-economic studies and consultations to evaluate the probable effects of the proposed development and operation of the project. The team included individuals with extensive experience in northern development projects, who will also provide expertise during the regulatory review process.

1.7.3 Document Structure

The EIS includes the following volumes:

• Volume 1, Overview and Impact Summary – provides an introduction to the project and overview of assessment results for a general audience

• Volume 2, Project Description – describes the scope of the project on which the EIS is based

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EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

• Volume 3, Biophysical Baseline – summarizes the environmental setting of the project based on historical information, published and anecdotal information, traditional knowledge and baseline studies

• Volume 4, Socio-Economic Baseline – summarizes the socio-economic setting of the project based on historical information, published and anecdotal information, traditional knowledge and baseline studies

• Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment – identifies possible residual biophysical effects after mitigation measures

• Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment – identifies possible residual socio-economic effects after mitigation measures

• Volume 7, Environmental Management – describes environmental management systems and plans that the project proponents will implement, to ensure adverse effects are avoided or reduced to the extent practical, and positive effects are enhanced

• Volume 8, Environmental Alignment Sheets – contains all relevant pipeline environmental alignment sheets

At the end of each volume, a list of references and a glossary are provided.

1.8 Concordance with the Terms of Reference

Table 1-2 provides a concordance table between the Terms of Reference (TOR) and the EIS. Sections of the TOR that relate directly to the EIS begin at Section 5.0 regarding the principles used to develop the EIS. These are addressed in Volumes 1, 4 and 6 of the EIS (section numbers indicate where in each volume the material is presented).

The concordance table identifies the title of each subject area to be addressed, provides a brief descriptive summary of that subject and gives the corresponding EIS volume and section where it can be located.

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 5.0 Principles 5.1 Contribution to • Sustainable development in impact assessment 1 2 Sustainability process 5.2 Use and Respect for • Use of traditional knowledge in project planning 1 2, 3 Traditional Knowledge and impact assessment process 4 5 5.3 Recognition of Land • Impact assessment process developed in context 4 1 Claim Agreements of existing land claim agreements and treaties 6 1 and Treaties 5.4 Recognition of • Take into account perspectives of the people in 1 3, 4 Diversity the project area 5.5 The Precautionary • Use of precautionary approach in impact 1 2 Approach assessment 6.0 Guidance on the • Traditional knowledge in EIS; concordance table; 1 1, 2 Preparation of the reason for any TOR omission in the EIS; a key EIS subject index; clear language; use diagrams to clarify text 7.0 Executive Summary • Background on the proponents; project overview; 1 Executive project setting: geographic, physical, biological Summary and human environments; key findings 8.0 Introduction 8.1 The Proponent • Ownership arrangements; ownership of rights; 1 1 personnel responsible for preparing the EIS; record of environmental performance in conducting similar projects in northern environments 8.2 Project Overview and • Purpose, location, components and phases, 1 1 Purpose workforce and equipment, associated activities, schedule and cost 8.3 The Project Setting • General overview of the geographic, ecological, 3 1 social, economic and cultural setting; communities 4 1 in project area 8.4 The Environmental • Steps in the impact assessment process and main 1 1, 2 Impact Assessment approvals required; government permits and Process and authorizations required (as an appendix) Approvals 8.5 Study Strategy and • Describe approach, strategy and methodology. 1 2 Methodology 9.0 Project Description 9.1 General • Project components (permanent or temporary 2 3, 4, 5 Requirements facilities) and related undertakings and physical activities by location and project phase 9.2 Proposed Facilities • Permanent structures and infrastructure; 2 3, 5, 6 properties and volumes of transported or disposed product during facility operations

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 9.3 Land Requirements • Dimensions and location of facility sites and right- 2 3–7 and Right-of-Way of-way; size and location of temporary work room; (ROW) Dimensions ownership of lands; zoning and planning designations 9.4 Schedule and • For each project phase: schedule and boundaries 2 1 Boundaries 6 2 9.5 Cost and Workforce • For each project phase; cost and workforce 2 9 6 2, 3 9.6 Construction Phase • Activity; transportation of materials, equipment and 2 1–8 workers; equipment requirements; temporary facilities and physical works; work camps; major activities; field development; dredging; watercourse crossings; testing of the pipeline; cleanup and restoration 9.7 Operation and • Operation of facilities; maintenance and repair; 2 1-8 Maintenance Phase inspection, monitoring and surveillance; 7 3, 5 modification 9.8 Decommissioning and • Ownership, transfer and control of project 2 3, 4, 5 Abandonment Phase components maintaining integrity of 7 3 decommissioned and abandoned facilities 9.9 Need For, Purpose Of • Need for and purpose of project; alternatives to 1 1 and Alternatives to the project; criteria used to identify costs and benefits Project of alternatives considered 9.10 Alternative Means of • Technically and economically feasible ways that 2 2 Carrying Out the the project can be carried out; consideration of Project alternative means 10.0 Public Participation • Methods used to identify, inform and solicit input to 1 4 the EIS; evaluation of effectiveness of methods used to secure public participation in EIA process; outline of support provided to communities, organizations and individuals involved in public participation process; documentation of those who provided comments; outcomes of public engagement; how public engagement was used in identification of issues, impact prediction and mitigation, and project design; principles and methods to provide information and obtain input 11.0 Existing Environment 11.1 Introduction • Characterization of existing physical, biological 3 1 and human environments; description of trends 5 11 and changes in the environment unrelated to the 4 1 project 6 9 11.2 Ecoregions and • Description of ecoregions and ecozones in which 3 9 Ecozones the project is located

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 11.3 Physical Environment 11.3.1 Terrain, Geology, • Regional and area setting, topography; bedrock, 3 8 Permafrost and Soils surficial materials and soils; granular materials; permafrost; areas of geotechnical and geological instability 11.3.2 Marine Sediment • Description of marine sediments 3 6 Quality and Quantity 11.3.3 Climate • Location of recording stations and length of record; 3 2 prevailing climatic conditions, seasonal variations, predominant winds, temperature and precipitation; spatial and temporal boundaries; current climate-related extreme events 11.3.4 Air Quality • Airshed spatial boundaries; current sources of 3 2 emissions, seasonal variations, conditions affecting quality and assimilation capacity; existing air quality; visibility; recording stations and length of record 11.3.5 Noise • Existing noise sources; sources and types of 3 3 variation; relevant noise level standards; noise spatial boundaries; recording stations and length of record 11.3.6 Water Quality and • Waterbodies, watercourses, drainage areas; 3 6 Quantity watercourses with flow all year; connectivity of adjacent watercourses; hydrologic characteristics; flood regimes and ice-jamming; water use characteristics 11.4 Biological Environment 11.4.1 Fish and Fish Habitat • Fish species present and description; habitat 3 7 requirements; local and regional abundance; species of concern; species important to subsistence harvesters; species subject to exclusive or preferential rights under land claims; species important to guides and outfitters; known sensitive areas; areas subject to exclusive harvesting rights; harvest pressures 11.4.2 Birds and Bird Habitat • Bird species present; abundance and distribution; 3 10 movements and habitat requirements; species of concern; species subject to exclusive or preferential rights under land claims; species important to guides and outfitters; areas subject to exclusive harvesting rights; species important to subsistence harvesters; sensitive habitats; harvest pressures 11.4.2.1 Kendall Island Bird • Migratory bird habitat, abundance and distribution 3 10 Sanctuary of migratory species; habitat use

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 11.4.3 Wildlife and Wildlife • Wildlife species present and description; species 3 10 Habitat of concern; species subject to exclusive or preferential rights under land claims; species important to guides and outfitters; habitat types; species important to subsistence harvesters; habitat or sites of special value or sensitivity; areas subject to exclusive harvesting rights; migratory patterns, routes and timing relative to project facilities and activities; harvest pressures; levels of habitat fragmentation 11.4.4 Marine Mammals • Species present; abundance and distribution and 3 10 seasonal movements; known sensitive areas; species of concern; species subject to exclusive or preferential rights granted by land claims; areas subject to exclusive harvesting; rights granted to land claim beneficiaries; harvest pressures 11.4.5 Vegetation • Vegetation and vegetation assemblages; 3 9 classification system; species or assemblages that are rare, valued, protected or designated; description of species of concern; historical and current human use of vegetation; merchantable timber; non-native species present; frequency of forest and tundra fire; post-fire vegetation succession 11.5 Human Environment 4 2, 3, 4, 5 11.5.1 General • Conditions at the community, regional (e.g., 4 2 - 6 Mackenzie Delta), territorial, provincial and national levels using relevant social and economic indicators; indicators and measures of personal and community health 11.5.2 Demographics • Population and population trends; number of 4 2 persons per household and number of households; age and gender; ethnicity; births, deaths and migration 11.5.3 National, Regional • National, provincial and territorial gross domestic 4 2, 4, 5 and Community product; employment rate; employment by industry Economies and occupation; job vacancy and unfilled positions; labour force growth; labour force participation and labour force balance; income and income balance; annual level of social assistance recipients; poverty levels; local households consuming harvested meat and fish; local consumer prices and cost of living; current status of the renewable resource sector; local and regional economic development goals; land-based enterprises and economic activities; number of licensed businesses; number of licensed businesses by Aboriginal ownership

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EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY

Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 11.5.4 Education, Training • Graduation and achievement rates; trade 4 2, 4 and Skills certification levels; education, training and skill levels; training and certification programs; adult basic education and literacy programs; timing and duration of education and skills development programs 11.5.5 Harvesting • Harvesting activities by Aboriginal people; 4 5, 6 relationship between harvesting and household and community economies; current resource accessibility; harvest levels; reliance on harvesting for household food supply; participation level in harvesting activities; location of harvest areas; restrictions of harvesting activities; recreational hunting and fishing and other harvesting activities by other residents; outfitting and trapping activities 11.5.6 Land Use • Designated or planned land uses; seasonal and 4 6 permanent camp areas; traditional trails; land use categories; land use areas as per Gwich’in and Sahtu Regional Land Use Plans; valued aesthetic locations; heritage sites and resources; lands and features of special interest or value 11.5.7 Heritage Resources • Archaeological, paleontological and historic sites 4 7 and resources; culturally important sites; burial sites; heritage resource potential 11.5.8 Human Health and • Physical, mental and social health of residents; 4 4 Community Wellness nutrition; diseases; substance abuse; available support systems; homelessness and poverty 11.5.9 Socio-Cultural • Cultural and spiritual life of communities; patterns 4 4, 5 Patterns of family and community life; participation in traditional activities; social relations; available support systems 11.5.10 Infrastructure and • Role of different orders of government; fiscal 4 3 Institutional Capacity relationships between governments; status of community and local government institutions; use of existing services and infrastructure and capacity of these to meet additional and new needs 12.0 Impact Assessment Methodology 12.1 Selection of Valued • Methods by which VECs were identified; basis, or 1 2 Environmental justification, for their selection Components (VECs) 12.2 Impact Analysis • Methods used to predict potential impacts of the 1 2 Methodology project on VCs, on component interactions and on broader relationships with physical, biological and human environments 12.3 Assessment • Spatial and temporal boundaries used; study area 1 2 Boundaries and project boundaries; ecological boundaries, social and economic boundaries, and administrative boundaries for each VEC selected

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 12.4 Mitigation Measures • Measures to mitigate adverse impacts or to create 1 2 or enhance beneficial impacts; proven versus experimental mitigation measures; applicable codes of practice; mitigation measures contained in benefit, socio-economic and environmental agreements 12.5 Residual Impacts • Direction; magnitude; geographic extent; timing 1 2 and duration; frequency; reversibility 12.6 Significance • Process used to determine significance; basis for 1 2 determining significance; contribution of project to sustainable social and economic development 12.7 Likelihood • Likelihood of occurrence for any significant 1 2 residual adverse impacts 12.8 Confidence in • Degree of certainty in the impact predictions and 1 2 Prediction determination of significance 12.9 Application of a • Circumstances under which a precautionary 1 2 Precautionary approach is warranted Approach 13.0 Physical Environment Impact Analysis 13.1 Terrain, Geology, • Slope and soil stability; erosion; subsidence from 5 8 Permafrost and Soils resource extraction; granular resources extraction; sumps; subsurface injection of waste fluids; permafrost thermal conditions, ice-rich soils, frost heave and thaw settlement; effects of Project and forest and tundra fires 13.2 Marine Sediment • Marine sediments 5 6 Quality and Quantity 13.3 Air Quality • Project activities that are sources of air emissions; 5 2 emissions of concern by source for each project phase; air quality parameters affected by emissions; acid deposition; how changes in air quality affect humans, wildlife and vegetation; ice fog; relevant government air quality standards; potential health impacts related to project emissions; how the environment affects air quality; regulatory regime related to project emissions; participation in national or territorial air emissions and reporting programs 13.4 Noise • Components or activities that produce noise levels 5 3 of concern, effects of terrain and weather; disturbance to wildlife and birds, disturbance of harvest and recreational activities, impacts on communities; relevant government noise standards; potential health impacts related to changes in noise levels

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 13.5 Water Quality and • Alteration of surface drainage patterns and surface 5 4, 5, 6 Quantity water hydrology, hydrogeological resources, changes in availability of water to users, or quality, discharge of wastewater effluent, erosion, subsidence, slope stability, flow or water levels, water withdrawal and volume of withdrawal, possibility of inter-basin transfer of water, gravel extraction 14.0 Biological Environment Impact Analysis 14.1 Species of Concern • Change project might cause to a listed species at 5 10 risk, its critical habitat or residences of individuals of that species; species of concern listed or tracked by Northwest Territories or Alberta; potential impacts on species of concern relative to applicable legislation 14.2 Fish and Fish Habitat • Watercourse crossing and temporary vehicle 5 7 crossing methods; applicable watercourse crossing standards; relevant policies to protect or enhance fish and fish habitat; disruption of sensitive life stages or habitat; disruption of habitat; distribution or abundance; sensitive habitats; blockages to movement; blasting; how project-related changes in harvest pressures affect resource; condition to which the right-of-way and temporary work areas will be reclaimed or restored, and maintained; criteria for evaluating the success of mitigation and reclamation measures 14.3 Marine Mammals • Disruption of life stages, habitat and feeding 5 10 activities; distribution and abundance; sensitive habitats; migratory patterns; how changes in harvest pressures affect the resource; relevant policies and management plans to protect marine mammals and habitat 14.4 Wildlife and Wildlife • Alteration of habitat, visual or auditory disturbance; 5 10 Habitat disruption of sensitive life stages or habitat; wildlife movement patterns, distribution or abundance; sensitive habitats; population cycles; predator-prey relationships; how project-related changes in harvest pressures affect resource 14.5 Birds and Bird Habitat • Disruption of sensitive life stages or habitat; 5 10 alteration of habitat; sensitive habitat; visual or auditory disturbance; distribution or abundance; how project-related changes in harvest pressures affect resource; ROW maintenance and access 14.5.1 Kendall Island Bird • Spatial and temporal zones of influence on 5 10 Sanctuary migratory birds

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 14.6 Vegetation • Alteration or loss of species or vegetation 5 9 assemblages; sensitive areas; introduction of non- native species; changes in soil, hydrologic or permafrost regimes; re-establishment of vegetation; how project-related changes in harvest pressures affect vegetation resources; vegetation control 14.7 Biodiversity • Changes to biodiversity resulting from ecosystem 5 13 or habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, response to edge effects, species distribution, invasive and non-native species, water and air emissions, species of concern; Project-related changes in harvest levels; changes in habitat use 15.0 Human Environment • Needs and interests of various segments of local 6 1, 3, 4, 5, Impact Analysis populations; how project will enhance or impair 6 both current social, cultural and economic ways of 4 life in communities, and community aspirations for 1 the future; possible reactions to project-related effects and capacity of people, communities and institutions to respond to the project 15.1 Regional and • In and out migration by community and region and 6 3 Community residence patterns Demographics and Mobility 15.2 Local, Regional, • Contribution to gross domestic product; tax 6 2, 3, 6, 7 Provincial and considerations; employment and income; effect of Territorial and unionized labour; competition for labour; National Economies community income and household economics; local consumer prices and cost of living; how project-related impacts on harvested resources of harvest activities affect community income and household economies, and sustainability of traditional economies; activities that are lost or deferred because of the project; spinoff economic activity; opportunities for businesses to supply goods and services; distribution of costs and benefits of project activities; competition between land users; opportunities to diversify economic base; consistency and compliance with local and regional land use plans; consistency with goals and objectives identified in territorial, regional and community economic development plans and strategies 15.3 Education, Training • Participation in education and training; educational 6 3, 5 and Skills achievement and attainment; local and regional training opportunities available; application of project-related skill levels in workforce to other projects

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 15.4 Subsistence, Sport • Travel pattern changes; changes in access, 5 10 and Commercial disturbance of harvest patterns; changes in 6 5, 6, 7 Harvesting harvest levels; changes in the abundance and distribution of harvested resources, changes in 7 2, 3, 4 harvesting costs; changes in harvest effort as perceived by harvesters; competition between harvesters; changes in quality of harvested species; measures to avoid or reduce changes in abundance, distribution or quality of harvested species, or mitigate the consequences of such changes; control of hunting, fishing or harassment of animals by on-site personnel 15.5 Human Health and • Perceptions of physical and mental health and 6 5, 6 Community Wellness changes in quality of life; local and regional differences; measures of mortality and morbidity; presence or absence of support systems; poverty and homelessness; literacy skills and education levels; changes in diet and use of country food; how project-related impacts on harvested resources or harvest activities affect health and wellness; effects of changes in water and air quality 15.6 Social and Cultural • Cultural and spiritual life of communities; 6 4, 5, 6 Patterns and traditional lifestyles, values and culture; patterns of Cohesion social organization; family dynamics or structure; social relations; how transient workers could impact communities; how project-related impacts on harvested resources or harvest activities affect social and cultural patterns and cohesion; programs that could support cultural patterns and cohesion 15.7 Land Use • Conformity to designated land use management 6 7 areas and plans 15.7.1 Protected Areas and • Existing protected areas; community conservation 6 7 Special Management plans; regional land use plans; special Areas management areas; proposed special management areas; effect on functioning of the proposed network of protected areas 15.8 Cultural and Heritage • Historical, archaeological, paleontological, cultural 6 8 Resources and heritage resource sites; resource potential; encountering of resources during project activities; valued visual and aesthetic locations 15.9 Infrastructure and • Housing in communities; infrastructure and 6 3, 4 Institutional Capacity services and capacity of institutions and organizations to deliver services; measures to reduce financial burden caused by the project on infrastructure and institutional capacity 16.0 Changes to the • Climate change, extreme weather events, flooding, 5 11, 14 Project Caused by subsidence, ice scour, seismicity, unstable slopes, the Environment permafrost, ecologically and culturally important flora and fauna; human use and value

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Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 16.1 Climate Change • How changes to climate in the project area affects 5 11 the project over its lifespan in terms of future conditions, changes to the project caused by climate change, and mitigation and monitoring 17.0 Cumulative Impacts • Scoping; analysis; mitigation; significance; 5 12 follow-up 6 9, 10 18.0 Capacity of • Consider the capacity of those renewable 1 2 Renewable resources likely to be significantly affected, to Resources meet present and future needs

19.0 Accidents and • Spills of hazardous material; fire; use of 7 5 Malfunctions explosives; transportation accidents; rupture or failure of a pipeline; failure of components at a compression or processing facility; harvesting; social and cultural elements, or systems 20.0 Obligations Under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement 20.1 Worst-Case Scenario • Worst-case scenario for the project (paragraph 7 3 13(11)(b) of the IFA); potential impacts of the worst-case scenario on the environment 20.2 Wildlife Compensation • Measures necessary to reduce any negative 6 6 impact on wildlife harvesting (paragraph 13(11)(a) 7 3 and (b) of the IFA) 21.0 Compensation • Plans for compensation as part of proposed 6 3, 4, 5, 6 mitigation 22.0 Greenhouse Gas • Sources, quantities and frequency of project- 5 2, 11 Emissions related emissions of GHG; ways to reduce GHG emissions; required permits with respect to GHG emissions from operation of project facilities; relevant, current government actions to identify, track, report or manage GHG; means by which GHG emissions would be managed 23.0 Emergency • Company programs regarding facility monitoring, 7 5, 6 Response and emergency preparedness and environmental Environmental management Management 23.1 Facility Monitoring • Safety and detection measures incorporated at 2 3, 4, 5 project facilities 7 6 23.2 Emergency • Proponents’ emergency response procedures; 7 5, 6 Preparedness applicable regulatory requirements; consistency with municipal requirements 23.3 Environmental • Plans relevant to design and implementation of 7 6 Management and standard mitigation practices to be followed during Protection Programs the lifespan of the project; regulatory requirements relevant to monitoring; communities, agencies, boards and regulators involved during preparation of programs 24.0 Socio-Economic and • Commitments, policies and arrangements directed 6 3, 4, 5, 6 Cultural Policies and at promoting beneficial, or mitigating adverse, Commitments effects on social or economic conditions

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EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY

Table 1-2: Concordance with the Terms of Reference (cont’d)

Section Section Volume of EIS of TOR Title Description Summary of EIS Volume 25.0 Compliance • Environmental and socio-economic monitoring 7 6 Inspection, programs in terms of compliance inspection; 6 10 Monitoring and monitoring; follow-up Follow-up

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2 ASSESSMENT METHOD

2.1 Introduction

This section describes the general assessment method used to predict the potential effects of the project on biophysical and socio-economic environments. For specific applications of the assessment method to the various subject areas, see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment, and Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. Volume 7, Environmental Management, provides further mitigation and management measures to address project effects.

The environmental assessment of the project focused on identifying issues most important to potentially affected northern communities. These key issues were identified through a public consultation process that began in 2002. The public consultation process will continue through the life of the project. These key issues are:

• socio-economic conditions • northern community health and wellness • environmental protection and environmental effects mitigation

2.1.1 Goals of the Assessment

The goal of the environmental assessment process is to contribute to project development in a way that enhances benefits and reduces adverse social and biophysical effects. The process must:

• ensure issues raised by communities, such as community wellness, environment and economic and spiritual well-being, are directly addressed in the assessment

• predict project-specific effects, including:

• the project effects on biophysical, social and economic conditions • biophysical, social and economic effects on the project • effects of incidents and malfunctions

• identify suitable management and mitigation measures for project-specific effects and determine the residual effects

• assess the significance of the predicted residual effects on the biophysical and socio-economic environments

• determine if the residual effects could interact cumulatively with the effects from other past, present and future projects or activities

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2.1.2 Section Content

This section addresses the following four subjects:

• assessment approach – explains how the results of the environmental assessment are used in the planning, design, construction, operations and decommissioning and abandonment of the project. It also describes the role of public consultation and traditional knowledge in the EIS (see Section 2.2, Assessment Approach).

• scope of assessment – identifies the project components, key issues, geographic areas and the time frames for the various assessments (see Section 2.3, Scope of Assessment).

• assessment of effects – explains the steps used to assess and evaluate the predicted effects of the project and their significance (see Section 2.4, Assessment of Effects).

• monitoring – describes how monitoring will be incorporated in the project and how key issues will be addressed as part of ongoing project management (see Section 2.5, Monitoring).

2.2 Assessment Approach

2.2.1 Environmental Assessment Process

The environmental assessment process is a key element of:

• project planning • design • construction • operations • decommissioning and abandonment

The EIS describes the potential effects of the project, the associated measures to reduce these effects and the predicted effects after mitigation, i.e., the residual effects. The EIS provides regulatory authorities with the information needed to make decisions about the project.

The following topics describe the key steps in the environmental assessment process (see Figure 2-1).

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Step 1 Consult with communities and collect baseline data to identify key issues and potential effects

Step 2 Incorporate community input and traditional knowledge into project concept and design

Step 3 Develop management plans to mitigate potential effects

Step 4 Predict and assess project residual and cumulative effects

Step 5 Develop monitoring plans with community input for construction and operations

Step 6 Revise effects management plans based on monitoring results and community input

Figure 2-1: Environmental Assessment Process

2.2.1.1 Step 1 – Consult with Communities and Collect Baseline Data

During the early stages of project planning, information obtained from community consultation and baseline data was used to identify the key issues and potential effects. For example, because communities indicated that one of their key areas of interest was local employment and procurement opportunities, this is a focus of the EIS.

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2.2.1.2 Step 2 – Incorporate Community Input and Traditional Knowledge Through a series of community meetings, the project concept and design were refined in areas such as:

• route selection • facility siting • engineering design 2.2.1.3 Step 3 – Mitigate Potential Effects Effects mitigation, including best practical technology and mitigation measures, was developed for project design and operations to avoid or reduce the potential residual effects, i.e., effects remaining after mitigation measures have been applied. Effects mitigation is integral to the EIS (see Volume 7, Environmental Management, for further details). For example, environmental protection plans to protect fish habitat during pipeline construction have been developed based on monitoring results from previous pipeline projects in similar environments. Role of Effect Mitigation Effect mitigation includes initiatives during all project phases that are intended to:

• avoid, reduce and manage adverse human or environmental effects • enhance benefits to communities Project Design Features Several project design features are integral to project design decisions (see Volume 2, Project Description). Examples include:

• selecting routes to reduce disturbance to environmentally sensitive areas

• incorporating environmental protection procedures as standard practice during construction Volume 2, Project Description, describes some of the key project decisions that reflect the social and environmental input. For example, the pipeline route at Gibson Gap, north of Norman Wells, was selected over alternative routes because:

• it is straighter and shorter than the alternatives

• it runs parallel to, or uses, existing linear disturbances for its entire length

• it eliminates crossing a lake, three crossings of the winter road, and a crossing of the proposed Mackenzie Highway

• it avoids crossing an unnamed creek

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Construction and Operations

Effects mitigation is also integral to construction and operations. Mitigation and management plans include:

• environmental management plans, e.g., Waste Management Plan, Water Management Plan

• environmental protection and reclamation plans

• contingency plans, e.g., spills and uncontrolled releases, wildfires

• Environmental Compliance and Effects Monitoring Plan

For further details, see Volume 2, Project Description, and Volume 7, Environmental Management.

2.2.1.4 Step 4 – Predict and Assess Project Residual Effects

Project residual effects were predicted and assessed based on an understanding of:

• baseline conditions

• project components

• activities associated with project construction, operations and decommissioning and abandonment

Because the project will incorporate mitigation to avoid or reduce potential effects, the assessment addresses only those effects that are predicted to exist after mitigation, i.e., residual effects. Observed and predicted effects from previous projects were also reviewed.

2.2.1.5 Step 5 – Develop Monitoring Plans

As project planning advances, site-specific biophysical and socio-economic information will be used to refine construction and reclamation details, thereby avoiding or reducing potential adverse effects. As the project develops, the focus will shift from predicting to monitoring effects during construction and operations.

2.2.1.6 Step 6 – Revise Effects Management Plans

Throughout the project life, effects management plans will be revised to reflect monitoring results. These revisions will further enhance the project’s benefits, and reduce or eliminate adverse effects.

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2.2.2 Traditional Knowledge Use

Traditional knowledge refers to a broad base of cultural and environmental knowledge held by communities and individuals. It can be acquired through: • experience • observations about the land • spiritual teachings passed from one generation to another by oral and written traditions

Traditional knowledge can be found in various existing sources, including: • harvest and traditional knowledge studies • regional land use plans • local conservation plans • other published and unpublished literature sources, covering such items as:

• traditional and medicinal use of plants

• wildlife distribution and abundance

• long- and short-term trends and land use by Aboriginal people over generations

An important source of traditional knowledge available for the project is commissioned, specific community reports. Potentially affected communities, in cooperation with the proponents, are currently preparing these reports. Section 3, Traditional Knowledge, describes the process being used to carry out the traditional knowledge studies. It also lists activities completed as of mid-May 2004, and describes ongoing activities.

Pending completion of the community reports, existing traditional knowledge sources have been reviewed and incorporated in the relevant biophysical and land use sections of the assessment.

The Arctic Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS) database was accessed to identify documents referencing traditional knowledge in the study area. Based on the abstracts provided by ASTIS, the applicable sources were reviewed to identify relevant traditional knowledge, which was used in preparing the EIS.

2.2.2.1 Role of Traditional Knowledge

Traditional knowledge is being used to:

• develop an understanding of:

• existing conditions

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• important issues • potential effects • how to manage these effects

• corroborate the information obtained through conventional sources, i.e., scientific and nonscientific, for:

• accuracy • completeness • information gaps

• contribute to determining:

• project sites and design • effectiveness of proposed mitigation • significance of effects • cumulative effects • follow-up and monitoring programs

Incorporating traditional knowledge is an ongoing process in project planning.

2.2.2.2 Using Traditional Knowledge

The following summarizes how traditional knowledge is being incorporated in project assessment and planning. Traditional knowledge is an important factor in evaluating the significance of project effects.

Identifying Important Features

Traditional knowledge identifies environmental, social or cultural features, which help further identify potential valued components (VCs), i.e., important environmental or social conditions.

Traditional knowledge is being used with site-specific conventional scientific information to identify features or activities that might be affected by the project, e.g., berry patches, fishing camps.

Harvesting Use

Traditional knowledge can be used to determine patterns of renewable resource harvesting, including harvest levels. This information can be used to understand the effects of harvesting on some wildlife and fish populations.

Because traditional knowledge can represent observations over extended periods, it can be used to indicate historical changes and trends in features, and to determine fluctuations and natural variations within those trends.

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Linkages and Response

Traditional knowledge can be used to help understand cause–effect relationships, particularly wildlife responses to disturbances, e.g., behavioural responses by caribou or moose to noise. Traditional knowledge might also provide information on historical movement patterns of wildlife species. This could be used in assessing effect attributes.

Mitigation and Monitoring

Traditional knowledge can be used to suggest suitable mitigation measures, and assist in identifying monitoring approaches during follow-up.

2.3 Scope of Assessment

2.3.1 Environmental Impact Statement Framework

The EIS approach is based on four project considerations:

• scope of project – the project components included in the EIS

• scope of issues – the key concerns and issues identified by communities, regulators and scientists

• spatial boundaries – the study areas within which effects were assessed

• temporal boundaries – the time frames within which the effects were assessed

The EIS addresses:

• project effects based on:

• individual project components • combined project components • cumulative effects of the project combined with other projects

• incidents and malfunctions

• effects of the environment on the project

2.3.2 Scope of Project

For the purpose of the EIS, the project components have been grouped within two areas:

• production area • pipeline corridor

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Table 2-1 provides the details of the facilities and equipment for each component in the production area. Table 2-2 provides details of the pipeline corridor components. The EIS summarizes the potential effects resulting from the construction, operations, and decommissioning and abandonment of these project components.

Table 2-1: Production Area Components Component Description Niglintgak field • three well pads – north, central and south • six to 12 production wells • one gas conditioning facility that will be barge-based or land-based • one disposal well • flow lines • one remote drilling sump • about 1 km all-weather road (land-based option) • about 30 km of winter road • supporting infrastructure Taglu field • one well pad • 10 to 15 production wells • one gas conditioning facility • flow lines • one or two disposal wells • less than 1 km all-weather road • 50 km of winter road from Tununuk Point • supporting infrastructure Parsons Lake field • one north pad consisting of: • nine to 19 production wells • flow lines • two disposal wells • a gas conditioning facility • one south pad consisting of: • three to seven production wells • a flow line from the south to north pad • about 3 km of all-weather road • about 95 km of winter road: • 45 km from Lucas Point • 50 km from the mouth of Pete’s Creek to Parsons Lake, used when early-season access is not required • supporting infrastructure

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Table 2-1: Production Area Components (cont’d) Component Description Gathering • Niglintgak lateral in a 30-m-wide right-of-way for about 16 km pipelines • Taglu lateral in a 40-m-wide right-of-way for about 81 km • Parsons Lake lateral in a 30-m-wide right-of-way for about 27 km • Storm Hills lateral in a 40-m-wide right-of-way for about 52 km • six cathodic protection sites Gathering • metering and pigging facilities at each anchor field site facilities • Storm Hills pigging facility • two block valve sites (other block valves are located within facilities) • Inuvik area facility Infrastructure • nine barge landing sites, including two at Inuvik, shared with the pipeline corridor, one at Niglintgak (for the land-based option only) and one at Taglu • 11 stockpile sites, including one at Inuvik, shared with the pipeline corridor • 12 fuel storage sites, including one at Campbell Lake, and existing bulk tankage at Inuvik shared with the pipeline corridor • 11 temporary and two existing camps • 19 km of all-weather road connecting the Inuvik area facility to the Dempster Highway and Campbell Lake camps • 21 km of winter road associated with infrastructure • three new and two existing airstrips • commercial airports at Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk • 10 new and two existing helipads. Use helicopter land facilities at commercial airports and community airstrips. • one communications centre shared with the pipeline corridor • up to 64 water sources and about 130 km of associated winter road Borrow sites • seven primary borrow sites and about 65 km of associated winter road • nine secondary borrow sites, to be used if needed, and about 55 km of associated winter road

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Table 2-2: Pipeline Corridor Components

Component Description Gas pipeline • one natural gas pipeline in a 50-m-wide right-of-way shared with the natural gas liquids (NGL) pipeline from the Inuvik area facility to Norman Wells for about 475 km • one natural gas pipeline in a 40-m right-of-way from Norman Wells to the NGTL interconnect facility for about 745 km • 28 cathodic protection sites, including a site at the NGTL interconnect facility NGL pipeline • one NGL pipeline in a 50-m-wide right-of-way shared with the natural gas pipeline for about 475 km • one NGL pipeline in a 30-m-wide right-of-way from the Norman Wells compressor station to the Enbridge interconnect facility for about 1 km • 12 cathodic protection sites shared with the gas pipeline Pipeline facilities • one NGL meter station at Norman Wells • four compressor stations • one heater station • one pig receiver located adjacent to the NGTL interconnect facility • 10 valve sites on the gas pipeline • one valve site on the NGTL gas pipeline • 28 valve sites on the NGL pipeline • NGTL interconnect facility1 Infrastructure2 • 15 barge landing sites, including two at Inuvik, shared with the production area • 24 stockpile sites, including one at Inuvik, shared with the production area • 22 fuel storage sites (Campbell Lake and Inuvik sites are shared with the production area) • 16 temporary camps and one existing camp • about 53 km of all-weather road • about 48 km of winter road • three new and two existing airstrips • commercial airports at Inuvik, Norman Wells, Wrigley, Fort Simpson and Hay River. Use commercial community airstrips at Fort Good Hope, Tulita and Trout Lake. • five new helipads. Use helicopter landing facilities at commercial airports and community airstrips. • three communication centres including one shared with the production area • up to 161 water sources and about 175 km of associated winter road Borrow sites • 60 primary borrow sites and about 275 km of associated winter road • 40 secondary borrow sites, to be used if needed, and about 175 km of associated winter road NGTL Northwest • one natural gas pipeline, to be constructed and operated by NGTL in a right-of- Mainline (Dickins way up to 40 m wide for about 66 km, running from the NGTL interconnect Lake Section) facility in Alberta near the Northwest Territories boundary to NGTL’s existing system near Bootis Hill1

NOTES: 1 Ancillary project components to be designed and constructed by NGTL under separate regulatory approvals. 2 NGTL will be responsible for infrastructure sites in Alberta.

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2.3.3 Scope of Issues

2.3.3.1 Identifying Issues The EIS focuses on issues identified through consulting with:

• residents of potentially affected communities • regulators • social and environmental specialists The assessment team began identifying issues early in 2002 by developing a preliminary issue list. This list was refined during community consultation in 2003 when the communities identified their project-specific issues (see Section 4, Public Participation). Technical workshops were also organized, to provide a forum for input by several groups, including:

• communities in the project area • community and social services • resource management agencies • key regulatory agencies • nongovernment organizations Regulatory agencies, community members and the proponents also identified issues additional to those raised during community consultations and technical workshops. 2.3.3.2 Subject Areas Issues and associated effects were assessed for biophysical, social and economic features. Biophysical Features Biophysical subject areas included: • air quality and climate • noise • aquatic resources, including:

• groundwater • hydrology • water quality • fish and fish habitat

• terrestrial resources, including:

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Social and Economic Features Social and economic subject areas included: • socio-economics • traditional lifestyles and culture • land and resource use • human health • community wellness • heritage resources

2.3.4 Spatial Boundaries

2.3.4.1 Biophysical Study Areas The assessment study areas are specific to each subject area. Two types of areas are used for assessing environmental effects: • local study areas (LSAs) – areas used in assessing project-specific effects • regional study areas (RSAs) – areas used in assessing project combined and cumulative effects

The study areas selected were determined according to the expected spatial extent of the project effects and the mobility of valued components (see Volume 3, Biophysical Baseline, and Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment). Some project effects, such as air emissions and liquid effluents, have the potential to affect a larger geographic area, whereas others, such as noise from drilling activity, will affect only a small localized area. Some valued components, such as vegetation, are stationary, whereas others, such as caribou, are mobile.

2.3.4.2 Socio-Economic Study Area

A single encompassing study area was outlined for assessing socio-economic effects. This study area was delineated on factors such as community proximity to the project and political jurisdictions.

2.3.4.3 Environmental Project-Specific Effects

Local study areas were established to cover the predicted maximum spatial extent of a direct effect from the activities or structures required for project construction and operations. For example, the project-specific boundary for noise effects is the farthest location from the source where noise could be detected by a biological receptor. Regional study areas have been developed for each subject area (see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment). They take into account the spatial nature of the effects, indicators for that subject area, and availability of appropriate data.

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The following figures show local study areas that are centred on project components:

• Figure 2-2 – Production Area • Figure 2-3 – Pipeline Corridor – North • Figure 2-4 – Pipeline Corridor – South

The local study areas include:

• separate areas for Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake, including a 1-km-wide buffer around each lease boundary

• a 1-km-wide corridor for the gathering pipeline

• a 1-km-wide corridor for the gas and NGL pipelines

• a 1-km-wide buffer around each infrastructure and facility site

2.3.4.4 Environmental Cumulative Effects

For biophysical assessments, the spatial boundary for cumulative effects assessments encompasses the area where effects on a valued component from other projects or activities overlap with similar effects from the project. Specific cumulative effects study areas have been developed for each subject area (see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment). They take into account the spatial nature of the effects and indicators for that subject area.

2.3.4.5 Spatial Boundaries for Socio-Economic Effects

The socio-economic study area (see Figure 2-5) includes the communities where the direct or indirect effects of the project could affect permanent residents. For most social effects, the spatial boundary encompasses:

• northern communities from which permanent residents would be drawn to work on project construction and operations

• communities that might receive benefits from, or be affected by, the project

• communities that could experience some direct or indirect economic and social effects from the project

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Figure 2-2: Production Area August 2004 Page 2-15

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Figure 2-3: Pipeline Corridor – North

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Figure 2-4: Pipeline Corridor – South August 2004 Page 2-17

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Figure 2-5: Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Study Area

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2.3.4.6 Administrative Regions Spatial boundaries for the socio-economic cumulative effects assessments consider:

• a wide geographic range of communities from which individuals might be recruited

• the dispersal of economic benefits and social effects to these communities The socio-economic study area includes:

• Inuvialuit Settlement Region • Gwich’in Settlement Area • Sahtu Settlement Area • Deh Cho Region • northwestern Alberta 2.3.5 Temporal Boundaries The nature of the project’s effects varies throughout different project stages. As a result, the EIS includes a discussion of the potential effects at different times in the project’s life. In the effects assessment, potential project effects are considered during design, construction, operations and decommissioning. Four assessment scenarios provide the temporal framework for assessing project effects on the biophysical and socio-economic environments:

• baseline • peak construction • operations • decommissioning and abandonment 2.3.5.1 Baseline Scenario The baseline scenario represents the current biophysical and socio-economic conditions, based on studies conducted from 2002 to 2003, and from other information sources, e.g., published literature. This scenario represents conditions before project development, and includes any past human disturbances up to that time. Volume 3, Biophysical Baseline, and Volume 4, Socio-Economic Baseline, describe those conditions.

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Effects of the following features are incorporated in the baseline scenario:

• existing settlements, including:

• towns • community settlements • cabins

• existing transportation infrastructure, including:

• highways • roads • airstrips

• existing land uses, including:

• hunting and trapping • tree harvesting • tourism and recreation • traditional land use • oil and gas exploration • oil production • mining

• current land use designations that:

• restrict some use of land, e.g., protected areas for waterfowl nesting

• reserve the use of land, e.g., surface and subsurface leases for extracting resources

The predicted project effects are compared against the baseline scenario (see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment, and Volume 6, Socio-economic Impact Assessment).

2.3.5.2 Peak Construction Scenario

The peak construction scenario represents the period of maximum disturbance during project construction. This period is expected to be from 2006 through 2009.

Project effects during this scenario will be the greatest for most valued components because of: • well drilling activities • transportation of construction materials • construction and associated reclamation activities • an increased labour force

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After peak construction, activities will occur at much lower intensities.

2.3.5.3 Operations Scenario

The operations scenario represents the operational period of the project. Operations are expected to occur for about 25 to 30 years, extending from about 2009 through to decommissioning and abandonment.

2.3.5.4 Decommissioning and Abandonment Scenario

Decommissioning and abandonment is part of the operations phase and represents the end of project life. When operations cease, facilities will be decommissioned, and associated disturbed areas will be reclaimed to a suitable future land use. The operations workforce will no longer be required.

2.4 Assessment of Effects

2.4.1 Five-Stage Process An objective of the assessment process is to analyze effects using a process that provides clear results. The project assessment process is based on the following five stages (see Figure 2-6) intended to meet this objective: 1. Develop key questions that focus the assessment on issues of most concern to the potentially affected communities. 2. Select valued components and key indicators that can be used to answer the key questions. 3. Analyze effect pathways that illustrate the expected cause–effect relationships among project components and the socio-economic and biophysical environments. This analysis includes mitigation measures that have been incorporated in the project. 4. Describe the predicted residual effects in ways that are meaningful and are consistent throughout the EIS. 5. Evaluate the significance of predicted residual effects.

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Step 1 Develop key questions

Step 2 Select valued components and key indicators

Step 3 Analyze effect pathways including effects mitigation

Step 4 Describe predicted residual effects

Step 5 Evaluate significance of residual effects

Figure 2-6: Five Stages of the Assessment Process

2.4.1.1 Key Questions

Specific key questions were developed to focus assessment efforts on addressing the communities’ main concerns about potential project effects (see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment, and Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment). These questions examine the effects of the project on an issue, or group of related issues, specific to a particular subject area. Examples of key questions are:

• How will the project affect wildlife habitat availability?

• How will the project affect family and community well-being, and family and social services?

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2.4.1.2 Valued Components and Key Indicators

Valued Components

Valued components, e.g., animals, plants, waterbodies, community activities, land uses and cultural features related to the communities’ concerns, were selected as the focus of key questions. Valued components were selected based on:

• regulatory status – e.g., special status species, such as grizzly bear and peregrine falcon

• community concerns – identified because communities had indicated features of particular importance to them, e.g., caribou

• socio-economic importance – affecting socio-economic conditions of individuals and communities, e.g., community wellness

• ecological vulnerability – e.g., uncommon plant communities

• information availability

• precedence in other environmental assessments – allowing information in this EIS to be compared with results from previous assessments, e.g., effects on the integrity and value of heritage resources

Key Indicators

Factors that could be used to measure the status of a valued component were identified. These factors, called key indicators, were selected because they can provide a measure of a change caused by the project, and they directly relate to the condition of the valued component. For example, a key indicator that was used to predict changes to surface water quality, which is a valued component, is the level of total suspended sediment in a waterbody. A key indicator of the effects of the project on the integrity of heritage resources is the degree of disturbance or loss of sites.

2.4.1.3 Effect Pathway Diagrams

Effect pathway diagrams illustrate the analytical approach to the assessment. These diagrams show the factors that were considered in answering the key questions about project influences on biophysical or socio-economic environments (see Figure 2-7 for an example of a biophysical effect pathway diagram and Figure 2-8 for a socio-economic effect pathway diagram).

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Change in wildlife movement

Direct habitat Change in habitat change effectiveness

Altered human Attraction to Physical Vegetation Sensory and predator facilities barriers clearing disturbance access or the right-of-way

Vegetation: How will the project affect Noise: How abundance and will the distribution of project vegetation species and affect associations? noise?

Project construction and operations

Figure 2-7: Example of a Biophysical Effect Pathway Diagram

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Changes in the regional economies and the Northwest Territories economy as a whole

Fiscal effects (licence Direct income and Induced income and Effects on territorial and permit fees, taxes), employment effects employment effects (via gross domestic product including multiplier multipliers) effects

Business and Indirect income and Effects on wage employment opportunity employment effects (via economy and other effects (capacity multipliers) employers development)

Benefits and access agreements, and government policies Hiring/contracting and Procurement and training strategy contracting strategy Input from communities, governments and other stakeholders

Effect on procurement and employment opportunities for northern businesses and individuals

Labour supply Labour demand Supply of goods and Demand for goods and (northern and southern) (Construction and services (northern and services (Construction Operations phases) southern) and Operations phases)

Project construction and operations

Figure 2-8: Example of a Socio-Economic Effect Pathway Diagram August 2004 Page 2-25

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The diagrams show:

• project activities or components that could potentially result in an effect • linkages between the project component and social or environmental changes • potential changes that could result • relationships of those changes to the valued component

These linkages can be influenced by mitigation or management of effects, which can prevent or reduce the effect. For the impact assessments, each of those linkages and potential effects is discussed.

2.4.1.4 Effect Attributes

To help readers understand the results of the impact assessments, a common approach was used. Four basic questions were asked:

• Is the effect good or bad? This is the direction of an effect.

• How intense is the effect? This is the magnitude of an effect.

• How large an area will be affected? How far will the effect reach? This is the geographic extent of an effect.

• How long will the effect last? This is the duration of an effect.

Table 2-3 presents the general definitions of effect attributes. The effect attributes were tailored to suit specific topics for each subject area of the impact assessments.

Direction

Direction describes the trend of the effect compared with baseline conditions. There are three options for direction:

• adverse – a negative or undesirable change • neutral – no detectable or measurable change • positive – a beneficial or desirable change

For some socio-economic valued components, such as employment and income, an effect can be both positive and adverse, e.g., providing employment to a family member might not be positive for the whole family.

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Table 2-3: General Definitions of Effect Attributes

Attribute Definition Direction Adverse Effect is worsening or is undesirable Neutral Effect is not changing compared with baseline conditions and trends Positive Effect is improving or is desirable Magnitude No effect Effect does not occur Low Effect occurs that might or might not be detectable, but is within the normal range of variability Moderate Clearly an effect but unlikely to pose a serious risk to the valued component or represent a management challenge High Effect is likely to pose a serious risk to the valued component and represents a management challenge Geographic Extent Local Biophysical – effect is limited to the LSA Socio-economic – effect will be limited to specific affected persons or communities Regional Biophysical – effect is limited to the RSA Socio-economic – effect extends to several communities in the affected region Beyond regional Biophysical – effect extends beyond the RSA Socio-economic – effect extends beyond one region to include communities in more than one region of the study area, or include commercial or industrial centres in the Northwest Territories and northwest Alberta National Biophysical – not applicable Socio-economic – effect on the valued component or key indicator extends nationally, or beyond the communities in the study area Duration Short term Biophysical – effect is limited to 30 years after decommissioning and abandonment Socio-economic – not applicable

NOTES: Definitions in this table provide a framework for the description of project effects. Adjustments of definitions to accommodate specific topics are provided in subject area-specific chapters in the impact assessment volumes (see Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment, and Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment).

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Magnitude

Magnitude describes the severity or intensity of the effect. Typical measurements of magnitude indicate:

• gains or losses in features, e.g., more or fewer jobs, loss or alteration of wildlife habitat

• changes in conditions, e.g., increase in chemical constituents in water or air

Where possible, levels of magnitude are quantitatively described, such as percent loss of a feature within a defined area, concentrations of a chemical compared with a guideline, or economic value.

Geographic Extent

Geographic extent describes the quantitative measurement of area within which an effect occurs. Biophysical effects are described in terms of whether they are limited to an LSA, the RSA, or extend farther. The geographic extent for socio-economic effects relates to the location of the communities affected by the project.

Duration

Duration refers to how long an effect lasts.

For biophysical effects, duration is expressed as follows:

• short term – effect is limited to less than one year

• medium term – effect lasts for more than one year, but less than four years, e.g., many effects that occur during construction

• long term – effect lasts longer than four years, but valued component will recover not more than 30 years after project decommissioning and abandonment

• far future – effect extends more than 30 years after decommissioning and abandonment, e.g., loss of uncommon landforms that cannot be restored

For socio-economic effects, duration is expressed as follows:

• short term – effect is limited to the construction period • long term – effect extends throughout operations or beyond

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Frequency is a characteristic that influences duration. It can be expressed as follows:

• continuous – will occur continually over the assessment period • isolated – confined to a specific, discrete period • periodic – occurs intermittently but repeatedly over the assessment period

2.4.1.5 Factors Affecting Prediction Certainty

The description of effects provided in the EIS is based on available information and the current understanding of natural and social processes to predict future events. As with all predictions, those in the EIS are associated with a level of certainty. Certainty can be related to several factors, including:

• degree of understanding of project activities and other human activities, such as:

• how well do we understand when, where and how project activities will occur?

• when, where and how did, or will, other human activities occur?

• how will these activities interact with the project’s activities?

• quality of data about the environment, i.e., how accurate is the data used in the analysis?

• variability of the data, i.e., how consistent is the data?

• degree of errors in handling data, i.e., what is the potential for generating errors?

• capability of models to predict, i.e., how accurately does the model predict effects?

• degree of understanding of ecological processes, i.e., how well do we understand what is happening to the valued component?

• success of proposed mitigation and optimization, i.e., how effective will the proposed mitigation be?

Prediction certainty influences the possibility of error in the effects prediction, and is addressed in the EIS by taking a precautionary approach.

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2.4.1.6 Precautionary Approach

To ensure that the EIS does not under-predict effects, a precautionary approach was applied. The precautionary approach requires that where threats of serious or irreversible damage exist, lack of full scientific certainty will not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation (Government of Canada 2001). For example:

• even though an effect might be uncertain, it is still assumed likely to occur. For example, in the wildlife impact assessment, noise is assumed to affect wildlife, even though wildlife might tolerate the noise or habituate to it. Wildlife monitoring programs will consider noise as a potential effect (see Volume 7, Environmental Management).

• values that exceed guideline levels are assumed to have a high effect, even though receptors might not be affected. For example, infrequent values of short duration that exceed water quality guidelines are unlikely to affect environmental receptors, but are still classified as a high-magnitude effect.

Because of uncertainties in predicting project effects, programs will be established throughout all stages of the project, to monitor for effects and provide a basis for adjustments to environmental management actions.

2.4.1.7 Significance

Regulatory Requirement

The Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act require that the significance of the project’s effects be determined in the EIS.

Sustainability

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development 1987). In this EIS, the concept of environmental and socio-economic sustainability has been used as the basis for determining significance.

One of the goals for project development is to ensure that future generations have the same options as people living today. Although today’s generation might be willing to forgo some options, e.g., restricted access to production fields because they benefit from enhanced economic benefits, future generations should not have their opportunities compromised by decisions made now. This goal will be met if the environment is passed on to future generations with a level of environmental quality that allows traditional land use activities to be pursued to the same degree as that enjoyed by the current generation. Page 2-30 August 2004

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In applying this approach to the impact assessment, the criteria used are those identified by The National Roundtable on the Economy and Environment (MVEIRB 2002) as sustainable development goals for the Northwest Territories:

• economic vitality • environmental integrity • social and cultural well-being • equity • control over natural resources

The specifics of these criteria are summarized in Issues and Recommendations for Social and Economic Impact Assessment in the Mackenzie Valley (MVEIRB 2002).

Significant Effect Criteria

The characteristics of the residual effects of the project are described in terms of the effect’s direction, magnitude, geographic extent and duration.

A biophysical effect is considered significant if the effect will be either:

• moderate or high magnitude and extend into the far future, i.e., more than 30 years after project decommissioning

• high magnitude and occur outside the LSA at any time

Figure 2-9 shows the decision options used by biophysical subject areas to describe an effect’s magnitude, geographic extent and duration. Pathways that lead to a determination of significance for biophysical effects are highlighted in green.

A socio-economic effect is considered significant if the effect will be either:

• high magnitude, short term, and regional, beyond regional or national in extent

• high magnitude, long term and any geographic extent

• moderate magnitude, long term and beyond regional or national in extent

Figure 2-10 shows the decision options used by the socio-economic subject areas to describe an effect’s magnitude, geographic extent and duration. Pathways leading to a determination of significance for socio-economic effects are highlighted in green.

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GEOGRAPHIC MAGNITUDE DURATION SIGNIFICANCE EXTENT

Any geographic No effect Any duration Not Significant extent

Any geographic Low Any duration Not Significant extent

Short term

Medium term Not Significant Any geographic Moderate extent Long term

Far future Significant

Short term

Medium term Not Significant High Local Long term

Far future Significant

Regional High Any duration Significant Beyond regional

= effect attribute combinations that result in a significant effect on biophysical resources

Figure 2-9: Effect Attributes Leading to Significance for Biophysical Subject Areas

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GEOGRAPHIC MAGNITUDE DURATION SIGNIFICANCE EXTENT

Any geographic No effect Any duration Not Significant extent

Any geographic Low Any duration Not Significant extent

Local Short term Not Significant Regional Moderate Beyond regional Long term Significant National

Short term Not Significant Local Long term Significant Regional High Beyond regional Any duration Significant

National

= Effect attribute combinations that result in a significant effect for socio-economic subject area

Figure 2-10: Effect Attributes Leading to Significance for Socio-Economic Subject Areas

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Although a significant effect can be either positive or adverse, regulatory requirements usually specify adverse significance. Therefore, effects discussed in the EIS are considered adverse unless indicated otherwise. Examples of adverse effects are the impairment of community well being, or the loss of wildlife habitat. Examples of positive effects are improvements in the standard of living, or an improved population status for a threatened species.

Documenting Significant Effects

Table 2-4 demonstrates how residual effects are reported for a biophysical component. Table 2-5 demonstrates how residual effects are reported for a socio- economic component. Both tables summarize the results of the assessment for direction, magnitude, geographic extent and duration of the predicted residual effects of the project on a key indicator. The final column indicates if those effects are considered to be significant.

Table 2-4: Example of Significance Determination – Water Quality

Effect Attribute Valued Phase When Geographic Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Water Construction Adverse Low to Local Medium term No quality moderate Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low to Local Long term No moderate

Table 2-5: Example of Significance Determination – Employment

Effect Attribute Key Phase When Indicator Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Employment Construction Positive High Any geographic Short term Yes extent Operations Positive Low Regional, beyond Long term No regional, national

2.4.2 Cumulative Effects Assessment

2.4.2.1 Scope

The environmental assessment includes the cumulative effects of past and existing activities. Existing effects are included in the baseline data used for the project- specific assessment (see Volume 3, Biophysical Baseline, and Volume 4, Socio- Economic Baseline).

Information on cumulative effects of past and existing activities can be found in Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment, and Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment.

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2.4.2.2 Study Areas

Because the project-specific assessment focuses on local study areas, a broader context is needed to assess the cumulative effects of the project within the regional study area. Therefore, the cumulative effects assessment also uses regionally focused sources of data to evaluate the project’s contribution to cumulative effects within ecozones and administrative regions.

2.4.2.3 Development Scenarios

The cumulative effects assessment considers possible future expansion of the project base case. The expansion case considers the likely effects of increasing the volume of gas shipped to southern markets by adding: • increased gas compression along the proposed pipeline route • other gas sources

Future gas projects in the Mackenzie Delta region that might be induced by the project are also included in the cumulative effects assessment. A gas project is considered induced if its development is contingent on the development of the Mackenzie Gas Project. A project is included in the cumulative effects assessment if a precedent agreement exists for that project to ship gas on Mackenzie Gas Project pipelines.

2.4.2.4 Reasonably Foreseeable Projects

The cumulative effects assessment also considers the contribution of the project’s predicted residual effects to the effects of reasonably foreseeable projects. Examples of reasonably foreseeable projects include: • Devon Canada Corporation Beaufort Sea exploration drilling program • Deh Cho Corporation Mackenzie River bridge at Fort Providence • De Beers Snap Lake diamond mine • GNWT Mackenzie River winter bridges

2.4.3 Incidents and Malfunctions

The EIS addresses the effects on the biophysical and socio-economic environment that might result from potential project incidents and malfunctions, including reasonable worst-case scenarios. Examples of incidents and malfunctions that could occur include: • hazardous material spills on land, ice and water • fires • transportation incidents • rupture or failure of a pipeline • failure of components at a compression or conditioning facility

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See Volume 7, Environmental Management for the contingency or response measures for incidents.

2.4.4 Effects of the Environment on the Project

The EIS addresses the potential effects of the northern environment on the project throughout the project’s life. It considers the following elements:

• permafrost • unstable slopes • ice scour • subsidence • flooding • extreme weather events • seismic activity

These elements are addressed in the project design (see Volume 2, Project Description, and Volume 5, Section 14, Environmental Effects on the Project) through:

• siting and engineering design • selecting mitigation and management measures • scheduling, surveillance and monitoring

2.4.5 Climate Change

The effects of possible climate change on the project have been addressed throughout the project life. Conditions considered include:

• changes in climate parameters, e.g., temperature and precipitation, that might affect the project or project components

• changes in biophysical resources resulting from changes in climate parameters

• how effects predicted in the environmental assessment might be different under climate change

Potential foreseeable risks to the project because of climate change are considered in the project design, construction and operations (see Volume 2, Project Description, and Volume 5, Section 11, Climate Change).

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2.5 Monitoring

2.5.1 Monitoring

During project construction, operations, and decommissioning and abandonment, project effects will be monitored to:

• determine if they are consistent with EIS predictions • identify possible additional measures to reduce effects

Monitoring will be done mostly through community feedback and environmental monitoring programs, and will include:

• compliance monitoring • effects monitoring

See Volume 7, Environmental Management, for information about monitoring programs and compliance.

2.5.1.1 Compliance Monitoring

Compliance monitoring will be conducted to ensure that:

• all environmental mitigation, as outlined in the environmental protection and reclamation plans, is implemented

• work proceeds in compliance with regulations and the proponents’ environmental policies

Compliance monitoring will be a component of all phases of the project, from environmental inspection monitoring during construction, to monitoring required for licences issued by the Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board.

2.5.1.2 Effects Monitoring

Effects monitoring will be conducted to:

• confirm the accuracy of the predicted effects • determine the effectiveness of mitigation and enhancement measures

Effects monitoring is a component of the project’s environmental management system. The environmental management system provides a framework for adapting project practices, in response to the results of effects monitoring programs.

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3 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

3.1 Introduction

Traditional knowledge (TK) studies are being conducted with affected communities along the proposed pipeline right-of-way and near the production area as part of the environmental and socio-economic impact assessments for the Mackenzie Gas Project (the project). This section describes the:

• process developed by the environmental consultants group (see Section 1, Introduction) to carry out the TK studies

• activities completed before May 2004

• activities still to be undertaken

3.2 Traditional Knowledge Program Process

This section describes the process for the TK studies and outlines the TK requirements and the proposed methods for achieving those requirements.

3.2.1 Traditional Knowledge Requirements

The TK program is expected to:

• meet the specific TK information needs of the project

• facilitate meaningful community participation in the environmental and socio- economic impact assessment process

• ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements for using TK in an environmental assessment, including those in the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act (NEB 1998), the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA 1992), the National Energy Board Act (Government of Canada 1985), and land claim agreements such as the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (COPE and DIAND 1984), the Gwich’in Land Claim Settlement Act (DIAND 1992), and the Sahtu Dene and Métis Land Claim Settlement Act (DIAND 1994)

The environmental consultants group has approached the studies with the view that real benefits are achieved through project planning, design, assessment, mitigation and monitoring. For example, it is expected that the studies will provide details for optimizing the pipeline route, siting and engineering design, and that it will enhance project community consultations.

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3.2.1.1 Study Area Communities

Selecting the communities included in the TK study program was based on identifying communities that have traditional land and resource use areas that could be directly affected by project facilities or operations. Through the project consultation process, community and regional Aboriginal governmental organizations were encouraged to decide whether they should be engaged in the TK study program (see Section 4, Public Participation).

Table 3-1 lists the communities expected to be included in the TK study program. Figure 3-1 shows the locations of each community. TK studies will be done on either a regional or community basis, depending on the requests of the applicable community and regional organizations.

Table 3-1: Communities Expected to be Included in the Traditional Knowledge Study Program Inuvialuit Gwich’in Sahtu Deh Cho Dene Tha’ Communities Communities Communities Communities First Nation Communities • Aklavik • Aklavik • Colville Lake • Fort Simpson • Bushe River • Inuvik • Fort McPherson • Déline • Jean Marie River • Chateh • Tuktoyaktuk • Inuvik • Fort Good Hope • Kakisa • Meander River • Tsiigehtchic • Norman Wells • Trout Lake • Tulita • Wrigley

The Inuvialuit and Gwich’in communities have chosen to undertake TK studies on a regional basis. Therefore:

• an Inuvialuit TK study has been initiated that will involve the Inuvialuit of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk

• a Gwich’in TK study has been initiated that will involve the Gwich’in of Aklavik, Fort McPherson, Inuvik and Tsiigehtchic

Sahtu communities have chosen to undertake TK studies on a district basis. Therefore:

• efforts are proceeding to negotiate a TK study for the K’ahsho Got’ine District, which will involve the communities of Colville Lake and Fort Good Hope

• a TK study for the Tulita District has been initiated that will involve the communities of Norman Wells and Tulita

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Figure 3-1: Communities Included in the Traditional Knowledge Study Program

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Deh Cho communities have chosen to undertake TK studies on a community basis. Separate studies have been initiated with Fort Simpson and Trout Lake. Efforts to negotiate studies with Jean Marie River, Kakisa and Wrigley are proceeding.

Sufficient consultations have not yet occurred with the Dene Tha’ communities to determine whether they wish to undertake regional or community-specific TK studies.

3.2.2 Methods

The TK study program is community based. Therefore, specific program activities will be customized according to the provisions agreed on with each community and regional organization.

Negotiations with community and regional organizations regarding their involvement in a TK study began in 2002. Most studies are underway. However, some negotiations have not been completed. The project recognizes the length of the negotiation process required to respect the interests and constraints of the Aboriginal communities, and considers this effort necessary for a successful TK program.

As there has already been much consultation in most communities and regions, the parameters of the study and the general methods have already been established. Therefore, the following methods apply to all communities and regions, regardless of whether an agreement has been reached. It is expected that communities will develop customized TK workplans.

The parameters used are intended to be consistent across all communities and regions. This consistency will help integrate the collected TK into the environmental impact statement (EIS).

The key components of the TK program include:

• reviewing existing information • collecting new information • producing TK baseline reports

To ensure that the objectives are met, several important steps are required. They include:

• signing a contract with community or regional agencies to undertake the work

• establishing TK working groups

• determining methods of community participation

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• determining the types of information to be documented

• defining the study area

• collecting data

• verifying accuracy of the data

• addressing data gaps

• writing reports

• analyzing and using the data in ways to ensure that it can be fully incorporated in the EIS so that all disciplines associated with the project might use it, alongside conventional science, as a key tool to identify and assess issues, in a manner consistent with the requests of Aboriginal communities

Given the incomplete status of the community and regional TK studies, the environmental consultants group has reviewed existing TK sources as an interim measure to provide as much information as possible for the EIS, pending completion of the community studies.

In February 2004, the Arctic Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS) database was reviewed to identify documents referencing TK in the study area. The ASTIS database contains over 53,000 records describing publications and research projects about northern Canada. A broad and inclusive keyword search of all ASTIS subject headings related to traditional knowledge was made, including:

• customary law • Elders • epistemology (methods) • oral history • co-management • traditional native spirituality • sacred sites • traditional land use and occupancy studies • traditional knowledge

The geographic heading Northwest Territories, resulted in a list of 862 documents. Based on the abstracts provided by ASTIS for each of these 862 documents, relevant sources were reviewed to identify relevant TK from 42 documents, which was then entered in a database. Table 3-2 shows, by region, the number of documents from which information was included in the database.

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Table 3-2: References Identified During the Review of Existing Traditional Knowledge Data Sources No. of Documents Region Referenced in the Database Inuvialuit Settlement Region 14 Gwich’in Settlement Area 12 Sahtu Settlement Area 5 Deh Cho Region 4 Dene Tha’ First Nation 3 Other1 4 Total 42 NOTE: 1 Refers to relevant documents not specific to any one region

This database was then used to provide information for the impact assessment. Summaries of this information are included in the EIS and were taken into account by discipline specialists in their analyses. This review does not replace the need to complete community-based TK studies. The information collected during the course of this review will be distributed to TK working groups that have not completed their studies. The working groups will be asked to review and validate the documented information, and will be encouraged to incorporate any relevant information in the TK studies. 3.2.2.1 Traditional Knowledge Contracts Confidential contracts with community and regional organizations are required to undertake the TK studies. These formal contractual arrangements are a key tool for ensuring the acceptability of the TK studies to community and regional governmental organizations. The contracts contain a Terms of Reference for the study and clearly describe the: • roles and responsibilities of each party • agreed-on methods for completing the study • information to be collected, and how it will be used and controlled • budget for completing the study • benefits to the community and individuals for participating in the study 3.2.2.2 Traditional Knowledge Working Groups A TK working group has been or will be established in each of the communities and regions conducting a TK study. The purpose of the TK working group is to: • develop a framework • determine content • establish a schedule • provide guidance for the TK study

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More specifically, the TK working groups will be involved in:

• determining what issues the TK study will address • determining the study area boundaries • recommending methods for community participation • identifying holders of TK • helping holders of TK and the community-at-large understand project plans • reviewing data, maps and reports produced during the course of the program • providing guidance to project team on significance of information collected

Each TK working group is to be composed of representatives from community organizations, regional organizations, the project proponents and the environmental consultants group.

3.2.2.3 Community Participation

Based on advice from the TK working group, one or more community members are to be hired as community participants to assist in completing each TK study. Community participants could:

• provide logistical and administrative support • develop data collection, recording and analysis methods • conduct interviews, and record and process TK data • translate between the indigenous language and English • prepare written reports

When required, community participants will be provided with training, or other capacity-building assistance, to complete the required tasks.

3.2.2.4 Study Area

The study area for a community or regional TK study is to be defined by the TK working group. The study area will reflect territory likely to be influenced by project effects on:

• traditional and historical uses • environmental components, e.g., fish, vegetation, wildlife • communities

Each TK working group is to be provided with the necessary information to make an informed decision, including maps showing the potential locations of the pipeline, anchor fields, borrow sites, and other infrastructure to be developed and used during the project.

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3.2.2.5 Traditional Knowledge Collection The project team has recommended that each TK study address data requirements identified in the Consolidated Information Requirements prepared by the Northern Pipeline Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Chairs’ Committee. Each TK working group might tailor the TK studies to address issues that it thinks are relevant to its community or region, and will determine the types of information to be collected. Established TK working groups have agreed that the TK study will document data related to: • traditional land use • wildlife • birds • fisheries • vegetation • historical, cultural and spiritual sites • climate • soil conditions • hydrology and hydrogeology • human health • cumulative effects • other relevant social and environmental issues Existing Information Under the TK working groups’ directions, community participants in some regions are conducting an extensive review of existing sources of TK. Reviews will also be undertaken for the other study area communities. The data in these sources will form part of the TK study information base. Data sources include: • previous land use studies • maps • community reports • archived materials • scholarly articles • government studies • other relevant materials As discussed previously, the environmental consultants group has reviewed existing information, which will be provided to each TK working group. The working group will be asked to validate the documented information and will be encouraged to incorporate any relevant information in the TK studies it is conducting. The TK working group might also wish to complete further research. Reviewing existing sources will expose some information gaps because TK is site-specific and no identified TK studies have focused specifically on the production area or pipeline corridor.

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New Information

During each TK study, a data gap assessment will be done after relevant existing information has been identified. Holders of TK will be interviewed to fill data gaps.

Respondent Selection

The TK working group will be asked to identify the individuals that should be interviewed. A suggested protocol, contained in the Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines, summarized in Section 3.5, Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines Document, will be provided to the TK working group. The TK working group will be asked to refine the protocol to reflect the realities of its particular study. Fort Simpson and Trout Lake have reviewed and implemented the interview protocol.

Interview Process

To ensure that the interview process is effective:

• the setting will be relaxed and questions will be open-ended, in recognition of cultural mores for sharing TK

• questions and statements used to guide the interview will be developed in consultation with the TK working group

• community participants will conduct the interviews

• the persons being interviewed will be encouraged to speak in the language in which they feel most comfortable, either their indigenous language or English. When necessary, a translator will be used.

• the interviews will be scheduled at times convenient to the persons being interviewed and at a location of their choosing

The person being interviewed will be asked to sign a consent form before participating in the TK study. The process of explaining the methods and attaining consent will ensure that the people being interviewed know how the information will be recorded and used. A consent form, which has been reviewed by the Aurora Research Institute (ARI), is contained in the Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines (see Section 3.5, Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines Document). Some TK working groups might choose to modify the consent form to suit their particular circumstances. For instance, the Trout Lake TK working group simplified the form for ease of translation into Slavey, which is the local language.

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Data Management It is important that the collected information is properly recorded. Extensive notes will be taken and, with permission from the TK working group and the person being interviewed, video or audio tape recordings, or both, might be made to ensure that a complete and accurate record of the information is maintained. Recordings will then be translated and transcribed. Most of the interview process will focus on locating activities and features geographically. During the process, site-specific TK will be plotted on maps using symbols and annotations. Some of these geographic features will be mapped using a geographic information system. Once the initial round of interviews has been completed and the data compiled, it will be taken back to the people who were interviewed to ensure that the record is consistent with the knowledge they provided. They will be asked to check the transcripts of their interviews and the maps to ensure that the interviewers or translators did not make errors. Group and community verification sessions could occur to ensure that documented information is consistent with the information the community wishes to provide. If necessary, repeated verification will take place until there is a consensus that the data is accurate. Interview materials will not be reported until this verification process has taken place.

3.2.2.6 Report

The knowledge collected during the course of the TK study will be integrated with the other components of the project environmental and socio-economic studies. Two types of reports will be produced:

• a technical report • community reports

With the advice of the community participants and TK working groups, a technical report will be produced that will summarize the approach, methods and results of the TK program. This report will also describe how the information collected will be used.

A community report that summarizes the approach, methods and results of the TK study, and is designed for distribution to community-based organizations, will be produced by the project coordinator with input from the TK working group and the environmental consultants group. Copies of the community report will also be submitted to the project team and, with the permission of community agencies, could be submitted to regulatory agencies as a part of the regulatory submissions for the project. The TK working group and environmental consultants group will agree to the format, content and distribution of the reports.

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Using the Data

It is expected that the TK information collected will be of value to the project and to the communities that provided the information.

The TK information will be integrated in the EIS. As shown in Figure 3-2, this information can contribute at all project stages.

Traditional Knowledge

Project EIA and Baseline Assessment Mitigation Monitoring Description SEIA

Environmental and Socio-Economic Studies

Figure 3-2: Context for Traditional Knowledge Studies

It is also expected that community and regional agencies will use the data collected and the compiled reports. This information might be useful for land use and development planning, land claim and self-government negotiations, educational purposes, and other community ventures.

Data Use and Ownership

Agreements for the use and ownership of data collected during the TK study will be negotiated with applicable organizations in each community or region. These agreements state that the communities and individuals own the TK, and that the community is giving permission to the project to use the TK for regulatory purposes.

3.3 Traditional Knowledge Study Activities Undertaken

This section summarizes the activities undertaken by the environmental consultants group to date, including a description of community- and region-specific progress.

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Activities related to the TK program have been geared toward:

• receiving necessary research licences from the Aurora Research Institute to undertake study activities

• undertaking necessary consultations with community and regional organizations

• working with organizations to develop a detailed method for completing the TK studies

• entering into a contractual arrangement with those organizations to complete TK studies

• implementing the method to complete the TK studies 3.3.1 Aurora Research Institute Research Licences Under the Consolidation of Scientists Act (GNWT 1988), all research in the Northwest Territories must be licensed. As well, researchers require a Scientific Research Licence from the ARI before undertaking TK studies. The process to obtain a Scientific Research Licence from the ARI demands that consultations involve the responsible community organizations. Separate ARI research licences are required for each calendar year of study. The project team engaged in extensive consultations with the relevant organizations. These consultations were initiated in 2001 and remain ongoing (see Section 4, Public Participation, for details). 3.3.2 Organizational Consultations TK study methods were developed in consultation with community and regional organizations. Two key tools facilitated the consultation process and introduced the concept of a collaborative TK study program to community and regional organizations:

• an introductory presentation

• a written document, specific to each region, referred to as a cooperative approach document 3.3.2.1 Introductory Presentation The introductory presentation (see Section 3.7, Introductory Presentation) described the project and provided: • an environmental and socio-economic assessment update • context for the TK studies

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• the rationale for doing TK studies • a set of guiding principles • suggested methods for advancing the program • parameters for the TK study scope • a list of questions directed to community and regional organizations Meetings at which the presentation was given were also used to assess the organizations’ interests in participating in the study, and to determine any initial concerns that the organizations might have had. A paper copy of the presentation was given to meeting attendees. Introductory presentations to community and regional organizations began in June 2002. To date, the presentation has been given to all study area communities except Wrigley and the Dene Tha’ communities, which have declined invitations to receive the presentation. Attempts are continuing to give the presentation to Wrigley and the Dene Tha’.

3.3.2.2 Cooperative Approach Document

The cooperative approach document is more detailed than the introductory presentation, and was designed to focus discussions with community and regional organizations interested in advancing the TK study process. The cooperative approach document describes:

• a suggested process for completing the TK studies • the project development concept • requirements of the TK program • the need to establish a TK working group • the need for community participation • the study area • TK collection methods • the interview process • data management • the process for reporting • data ownership and use This document has been provided to all community and regional organizations that received the introductory presentation. Although a basic template was developed for the cooperative approach document, it was tailored to meet the needs of each community and regional organization to which it was sent (see Section 3.6, The Cooperative Approach Document). Several community and regional organizations and TK working groups have used the cooperative approach document as a foundation on which to develop detailed methods and terms of reference for the TK studies.

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3.3.3 Community- and Region-Specific Traditional Knowledge Methods The environmental consultants group is committed to ensuring that the principles of community-based research are maintained during the TK studies. Therefore, community and regional organizations will be encouraged to participate in designing the TK study methods. A key medium for community participation in the TK studies is the TK working group. The environmental consultants group has actively engaged community and regional organizations to determine suitable TK working group structures and roles. Once established, TK working groups will develop community-specific TK study methods. 3.3.4 Traditional Knowledge Contract The environmental consultants group has developed a draft contractual agreement that will be modified to reflect the realities of each particular community or region. The contract establishes the business relationship between the project and a community or region for a local organization to undertake a specific TK study. 3.3.5 Traditional Knowledge Study Progress 3.3.5.1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region This section provides an overview of the TK-related achievements in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. These achievements and the associated consultation process should be viewed in conjunction with the public participation program employed by the project (see Section 4, Public Participation). The key achievements in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region up to May 2004 include: • the environmental consultants group engaged organizations and consulted with them in regard to ARI research licence applications. The ARI granted research licences to undertake TK studies in 2002 and 2003. • a presentation was given to the Inuvialuit Game Council, which recommended that the project work with the Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee (HTC), community corporations, Elders’ committees and the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC) to complete the studies • the HTC, community corporations and Elders’ committees in Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation and the ICRC received the presentation and a copy of A Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies for the Mackenzie Gas Project in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region • the HTC, community corporations and Elders’ committees in Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk agreed to participate in the TK study, and selected TK working group members to represent them. A list of TK working group members is provided in Table 3-3.

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• the Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK working group met and developed detailed methods that can be used to complete the TK study

• the Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK working group identified an individual to serve as study coordinator for the TK study

• the TK working group recommended that the community corporations in Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk participate in the TK study as contractors. Members of the community corporations in Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk signed confidential contract documents.

• the study coordinator has begun reviewing existing data sources to identify TK relevant to this study

Table 3-3: Appointed Traditional Knowledge Working Group Members – Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Community Organization Representative HTC 1 Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation 1 Elders’ Committee 1 HTC 1 Aklavik Community Corporation 1 Elders’ Committee 1 HTC 1 Inuvik Community Corporation 1 Elders’ Committee 1

Table 3-4 includes a summary of important consultations and discussions.

Table 3-4: Key Consultations and Activities – Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted June 15, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Inuvialuit Game Council to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region July 5, 2002 • Held an introductory meeting to introduce the project and • ICRC determine ICRC interest in participating in the studies • Discussed TK study process July 8, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • Inuvik Community Corporation August 8, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Aklavik HTC to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region August 8, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Tuktoyaktuk Community to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Corporation Settlement Region August 13, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Inuvik Community to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Corporation Settlement Region

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Table 3-4: Key Consultations and Activities – Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted August 16, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • ICRC to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region August 21, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Aklavik Community to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Corporation Settlement Region August 26, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Tuktoyaktuk HTC to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region September 10, • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Inuvik Elders’ Committee 2002 to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region September 12, • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Inuvik HTC 2002 to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region September 13, • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach • Tuktoyaktuk Elders’ 2002 to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Inuvialuit Committee Settlement Region September 25, • Presented a TK study progress update • Inuvialuit Game Council 2002 October 7, 2002 • Discussed TK study process • ICRC October 10, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • ICRC October 16, 2002 • Discussed TK study process • Inuvialuit Regional Corporation October 23, 2002 • Discussed the cooperative approach document • Inuvik Community • Made TK working group appointments Corporation • Reviewed ARI research licence application • Inuvik HTC • Inuvik Elders’ Committee November 7, 2002 • Discussed the cooperative approach document • Tuktoyaktuk Community • Made TK working group appointments Corporation • Reviewed ARI research licence application • Tuktoyaktuk HTC • Tuktoyaktuk Elders’ Committee November 18, 2002 • Discussed the cooperative approach document • Aklavik HTC • Made TK working group appointments • Aklavik Elders’ Committee • Reviewed ARI research licence application November 22, 2002 • Discussed TK study process • Inuvialuit Regional Corporation December 3, 2002 • Provided TK study progress update • Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation • Tuktoyaktuk Elders’ Committee • Tuktoyaktuk HTC February 26, 2003 • Discussed the TK study process and role of the ICRC • Inuvialuit Regional • TK study progress update Corporation • ICRC

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Table 3-4: Key Consultations and Activities – Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted April 11, 2003 • Held Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK working group • Inuvialuit Settlement Region meeting TK working group April 23, 2003 • Discussed TK study contractual arrangements • Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation April 24, 2003 • Discussed TK study contractual arrangements • Aklavik Community Corporation April 24, 2003 • Discussed TK study contractual arrangements • Inuvik Community Corporation July 25, 2003 • Signed TK study contract • Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation September 25, • Discussed TK study process • Inuvialuit Game Council 2003 October 10, 2003 • Discussed TK contractual arrangements • Aklavik Community Corporation October 17, 2003 • Discussed and reviewed work plan and schedule for TK • Inuvialuit Settlement Region studies TK working group December 11, 2003 • Reviewed applications of Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK • Inuvialuit Settlement Region coordinator position TK working group (Hiring Committee) December 18, 2003 • Interviewed candidates for Inuvialuit Settlement Region • Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK coordinator TK working group (Hiring Committee) January 5, 2004 • Signed TK study contract • Aklavik Community Corporation March 19, 2004 • Signed TK study contract • Inuvik Community Corporation April 2, 2004 • Discussed work plan and schedule for TK studies • Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK working group April 7, 2004 • Discussed TK study budget and hiring of community • Inuvialuit Settlement Region coordinators TK working group (sub- committee) April 15, 2004 • Discussed TK study method, including review of existing • Inuvialuit Settlement Region data completed by the project TK study coordinator

NOTES: ARI = Aurora Research Institute HTC = Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee ICRC = Inuvialuit Cultural and Resource Centre TK = traditional knowledge

3.3.5.2 Gwich’in Settlement Area This section provides an overview of the TK-related achievements in the Gwich’in Settlement Area. These achievements and the associated consultation process should be viewed in conjunction with the public participation program (see Section 4, Public Participation).

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The key achievements in the Gwich’in Settlement Area up to May 2004 include:

• the environmental consultants group engaged organizations and consulted with them in regard to ARI research licence applications. The ARI granted research licences to undertake TK studies in 2002 and 2003.

• the Gwich’in Tribal Council (GTC) suggested the project work with the Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute (GSCI) to develop a process for completing the TK studies

• the GSCI was given both the presentation and a copy of A Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies for the Mackenzie Gas Project in the Gwich’in Settlement Area

• the GSCI and project proponents reached an agreement that the GSCI will participate in the studies as a community contract authority. The GSCI will have responsibility for undertaking the TK study according to the contract. In addition, the GSCI and the project proponents reached agreement on a work plan.

• the GSCI and the environmental consultants group provided the GTC with progress updates, and requested direction regarding the TK studies

• the GSCI identified and hired both a study coordinator and a GIS analyst for the TK study

• the GSCI has begun reviewing existing data sources to identify TK relevant to this study

Table 3-5 includes a summary of important consultations and discussions.

Table 3-5: Key Consultations and Activities – Gwich’in Settlement Area

Community or Organization Date Acitivity Contacted March 20, • Discussed ARI research licence application • GSCI 2002 June 18, • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach to Traditional • GSCI 2002 Knowledge Studies in the Gwich’in Settlement Area August • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 14, 2002 August • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 20, 2002 August • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 27, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative Approach to Traditional • Gwich’in Tribal Knowledge Studies in the Gwich’in Settlement Area to Fred Carmichael, Council President President of the Gwich’in Tribal Council

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Table 3-5: Key Consultations and Activities – Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Community or Organization Date Acitivity Contacted October 8, • Joint presentation given by project and GSCI on proposed TK study • Gwich’in Tribal 2002 methods Council • Requested permission to proceed November • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 8, 2002 February • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 21, 2003 April 4, • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 2003 May 14, • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 2003 June 4, • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 2003 June 17, • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 2003 July 25, • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 2003 September • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 22, 2003 October 7, • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 2003 October • Discussed TK contractual arrangements • GSCI 16, 2003 October • Presented proposed Terms of Reference and Work Plan for Gwich’in TK • Gwich’in Tribal 17, 2003 study Council board meeting October • Discussed TK study methods and contractual arrangements • GSCI 23, 2003 November • Signed TK study contract • GSCI 25, 2003 December • Discussed TK study schedule • GSCI 12, 2003 January • Discussed TK study schedule and contractual arrangements • GSCI 10, 2004 January • Discussed contractual arrangements • GSCI 28, 2004 February • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 25, 2004 March 8, • Provided GSCI with digital data, including PDF map of TK study area, • GSCI 2004 and geo-referenced TIFF files of the digital NTS (topographic) mapping and IRS (satellite imagery) for the Gwich’in Settlement Area March 23, • Discussed TK study methods • GSCI 2004 April 2, • Provided GSCI with digital data, including generalized infrastructure • GSCI 2004 areas, generalized granular resource areas, generalized access for these features, and generalized pipeline corridor

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Table 3-5: Key Consultations and Activities – Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Community or Organization Date Acitivity Contacted April 19, • Discussed TK study methods • TK study coordinator 2004 April 22, • Discussed TK study methods and progress • TK study coordinator 2004 and GSCI

NOTES: ARI = Aurora Research Institute GSCI = Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute IRS = Indian remote sensing NTS = national topographic system PDF = portable document format TIFF = tag image file format TK = traditional knowledge

3.3.5.3 Sahtu Settlement Area

This section provides an overview of the TK-related achievements in the Sahtu Settlement Area. These achievements and the associated consultation process should be viewed in conjunction with the project public participation program (see Section 4, Public Participation).

The key achievements in the Sahtu Settlement Area up to May 2004 include:

• the environmental consultants group engaged organizations and consulted with them in regard to ARI research licence applications. The ARI granted research licences to undertake TK studies in 2002 and in 2003.

• the introductory presentation was given to the Behdzi Ahda’ First Nation Band, Ayoni K’eh Land Corporation, Déline Dene Band Council, Déline Land Corporation, K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council, Yamoga Land Corporation, Tulita Dene Band Council, Tulita District Land Corporation and Ernie McDonald Land Corporation

• the K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council, Yamoga Land Corporation, Tulita Dene Band Council and Tulita District Land Corporation each agreed to participate in the TK studies on a case-study basis, and were given a copy of A Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies for the Mackenzie Gas Project in the Sahtu Settlement Area. Subsequently, all five Sahtu communities, Colville Lake, Fort Good Hope, Norman Wells, Tulita and Déline, agreed to participate in the study and appointed representatives to a regional TK working group. It was agreed that the TK working group would be structured as defined in Table 3-6. The working group meetings occurred, and all listed organizations were represented.

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• the Sahtu TK working group was given a copy of A Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies for the Mackenzie Gas Project in the Sahtu Settlement Area and used it to develop terms of reference for the studies

• the TK working group recommended that the Ernie McDonald Land Corporation, Tulita District Land Corporation and K’ahsho Got’ine Charter Community Council participate in the TK study as community contract authorities. The environmental consultants group distributed draft contract documents to each of these organizations for review. Subsequently, these community organizations decided to conduct TK studies on the basis of district lands.

• the Tulita Land Corporation and the project proponents reached an agreement that Mackay Range Contracting will participate in the studies as a community contract authority and complete a TK study relevant to the Tulita area. Mackay Range Contracting will have responsibility for undertaking the TK study according to the contract. Greenpipe Industries Ltd. is participating in the study as a subcontractor to the community contract authority. Mackay Range Contracting and the project proponents agreed on a work plan. A community coordinator and researchers were hired to undertake research tasks. The Ernie McDonald Land Corporation expressed interest in expanding the existing TK contract with Mackay Range to include the area around Norman Wells. Negotiations are still underway.

• the K’ahsho Got’ine Charter Community Council advised the project proponents to negotiate the district TK contract with 953766 N.W.T. Ltd., the business arm of the a Yamoga Land Corporation. Contractual discussions were held with 953766 N.W.T. Ltd., which indicated its intention to participate in the studies as the community contract authority and complete a TK study relevant to the K’ahsho Got’ine area. Negotiations are still underway.

• discussions were held with Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, Sahtu Geographic Information System Unit and Sahtu Land Use Planning Board on development of the Sahtu TK study methods

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Table 3-6: Structure of Traditional Knowledge Working Group – Sahtu Settlement Area

Community Organization Representative Colville Lake Behdzi Ahda’ First Nation 1 Ayoni K’eh Land Corporation 1 Fort Good Hope K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council 1 Métis Local No. 5 Financial Corporation 1 Yamoga Land and Financial Corporation 1 Norman Wells Ernie McDonald Land Corporation 1 Tulita Tulita Dene Band Council 1 Fort Norman Métis Local No. 60 1 Tulita Municipal Land Corporation 1 Déline Déline Dene Band Council 1 Déline Land Corporation 1

Table 3-7 includes a summary of important meetings and discussions.

Table 3-7: Key Consultations and Activities – Sahtu Settlement Area

Date Activity Community or Organization Contacted April 19, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council • Xahweguweh/Yamoga Land and Financial Corporation • Fort Good Hope Métis Local • Tulita Dene Band Council • Tulita District Land Corporation April 25, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods, and role of • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. community consultants and the project May 29, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council • Aboriginal Pipeline Group July 3, 2002 • Discussed TK study process • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council • Made a presentation describing A • Xahweguweh/Yamoga Land and Cooperative Approach to Traditional Financial Corporation Knowledge Studies in the Sahtu Settlement • Fort Good Hope Métis Local Area • Tulita Dene Band Council • Tulita District Land Corporation • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. July 24 to 26, • Discussed TK study methods • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council 2002 • Xahweguweh/Yamoga Land and Financial Corporation • Fort Good Hope Métis Local • Tulita Dene Band Council • Tulita District Land Corporation July 26, 2002 • Gave an update and discussed TK study • SLUPB methods August 15, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • Yamoga Land Corporation August 28, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • Tulita District Land Corporation September 4, • Discussed TK study methods • Tulita District Land Corporation 2002

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Table 3-7: Key Consultations and Activities – Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Date Activity Community or Organization Contacted September 17, • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council 2002 arrangements • Yamoga Land and Financial Corporation • Ernie MacDonald Land Corporation • Tulita Dene Band Council • Mackay Range Contracting • Behdzi Ahda’ First Nation Band • Ayoni K’eh Land Corporation September 26, • Provided TK study progress update • Sahtu GIS Unit 2002 October 8, 2002 • Discussed TK contractual arrangements • Tulita District Land Corporation October 21, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • Tulita District Land Corporation October 22, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Yamoga Land and Financial arrangements Corporation • Tulita Dene Band Council • Tulita District Land Corporation • Mackay Range Contracting • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. October 23, 2002 • Provided TK study progress update • Sahtu Grand Chief October 28, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • Ernie McDonald Land Corporation October 30, 2003 • Gave an update on TK study progress • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council November 13, • Made a presentation describing A • Ernie McDonald Land Corporation 2002 Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Sahtu Settlement Area November 26, • Made a presentation describing A • Déline Land Corporation 2002 Cooperative Approach to Traditional • Déline Dene Band Knowledge Studies in the Sahtu Settlement Area November 27, • Made a presentation describing A • Ayoni K’eh Land Corporation 2002 Cooperative Approach to Traditional • Behdzi Ahda First Nation Knowledge Studies in the Sahtu Settlement Area December 18, • Held a TK working group meeting • Representatives from: 2002 • Ernie McDonald Land Corporation • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council • Yamoga Land Corporation • Fort Good Hope Métis Local • Ayoni K’eh Land Corporation • Behdzi Ahda First Nation • Tulita Dene Band Council • Tulita District Land Corporation • Mackay Range Contracting • Fort Norman Métis Local No. 60

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Table 3-7: Key Consultations and Activities – Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Date Activity Community or Organization Contacted February 4 to 5, • Held a TK working group meeting • Representatives from: 2003 • Ernie McDonald Land Corporation • K’ahsho Got’ine Community Council • Yamoga Land Corporation • Fort Good Hope Métis Local • Ayoni K’eh Land Corporation • Behdzi Ahda First Nation • Tulita Dene Band Council • Tulita District Land Corporation • Déline Dene Band Council • Déline Land Corporation February 18, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Sahtu GIS Unit February 25, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Yamoga Land Corporation • Fort Good Hope RRC February 25, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Sahtu Land and Water Board March 13, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and gave an • Sahtu GIS Unit update April 2 to 4, 2003 • Held TK working group meeting • TK working group May 7, 2003 • Discussed TK study schedule • TK study coordinator July 8, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Tulita Land Corporation arrangements • Tulita Band Council • Fort Norman Métis Land Corporation August 11, 2003 • Discussed process for completing TK studies • Tulita District Land Corporation August 26, 2003 • Discussed process for completed TK studies • Tulita District Land Corporation September 9, • Held meeting to clarify and understand • Public meeting in Fort Good Hope 2003 concerns and sensitive areas relating to the proposed pipeline route and infrastructure plans near Little Chicago September 10, • Held meeting to clarify and understand • Public meeting in Fort Good Hope 2003 concerns and sensitive areas relating to the proposed pipeline route and infrastructure plans near Rabbitskin River December 1, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Déline Land Corporation arrangements January 13, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. arrangements February 9, 2004 • TK study contract signed • Mackay Range Contracting February 19, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. March 5, 2004 • Project provided Greenpipe Industries Ltd. • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. with digital data, including PDF map of TK study area, and geo-referenced TIFF files of the digital NTS (topographic) mapping and IRS (satellite imagery) for the Gwich’in Settlement Area

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Table 3-7: Key Consultations and Activities – Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Date Activity Community or Organization Contacted March 11, 2004 • Project provided Greenpipe Industries Ltd. • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. with digital data, including generalized infrastructure areas, generalized granular source areas, generalized access for said features, and generalized pipeline route corridor April 1, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. April 6, 2004 • Discussed TK study progress • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. April 6, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • 953766 N.W.T. Ltd. (business arm of arrangements K’ahsho Got’ine District Land Corporation) April 7, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Ernie McDonald Land Corporation arrangements • Norman Wells RRC • Norman Wells RRC expressed interest in completing its work under the existing contract with Mackay Range Contracting April 29, 2004 • Mackay Range Contracting, Greenpipe • Mackay Range Contracting Industries Ltd. and the project coordinated a • Greenpipe Industries Ltd. meeting with the general public and • Tulita District Land Corporation community organizations in Tulita • Tulita Renewable Resource Council • Presented and discussed with the community specifics of the study methods and study • Elders and community-at-large area

NOTES: GIS = geographic information system RRC = Regional Resource Council SLUPB = Sahtu Land Use Planning Board TK = traditional knowledge

3.3.5.4 Deh Cho Region This section provides an overview of TK-related achievements in the Deh Cho Region. These achievements and the associated consultation process should be viewed in conjunction with the public participation program (see Section 4, Public Participation). Key achievements in the Deh Cho Region to May 2004 include:

• the environmental consultants group engaged appropriate organizations and consulted with them in regard to ARI research licence applications. The ARI granted research licences to undertake TK studies in the Deh Cho Region in 2002, and in Fort Simpson and Trout Lake in 2003. ARI did not grant research licences to undertake TK studies in 2003 for Wrigley, Jean Marie River or Kakisa. However, ARI has agreed to grant research licences for these communities once the communities provide them with an indication of support for the studies. The project team continues to work with the communities to ensure that they will provide the necessary support.

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• the Liidlii Kue First Nation, Fort Simpson Métis Local No. 52, Jean Marie River First Nation, Sambaa K’e First Nation and Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation were each given a copy of the presentation

• the Liidlii Kue First Nation, Fort Simpson Métis Local No. 52, Jean Marie River First Nation and Sambaa K’e First Nation were each given a copy of A Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies for the Mackenzie Gas Project in the Deh Cho Region

• the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Fort Simpson Métis Local No. 52 negotiated a contract with the project proponents and have initiated a TK study for the Fort Simpson area. Nogha Geomatics is participating in the study as a community contract authority. A community researcher has been hired, and data collection is underway.

• the Sambaa K’e First Nation negotiated a contract with the project proponents and has initiated a TK study for the Trout Lake area. The Sambaa K’e Development Corporation is participating in the study as the community contract authority. Crosscurrent Associates was retained as a subcontractor to the Sambaa K’e Development Corporation. A community researcher was hired, data collection is complete, and a final report has been drafted. The project proponents and the environmental consultants group received the final report on May 19, 2004. It was not finalized and received in sufficient time to be incorporated in this EIS in most cases, but will be incorporated in a supplemental filing. However, some findings from the TK study have already had important effects on project design:

• in response to community concerns regarding the proposed pipeline route near Trainor Lake, the project agreed to move the proposed routing to 2.5 km east of Trainor Lake

• because of community concerns regarding developing certain proposed borrow sites, the project has agreed to work with the community to find suitable alternate locations. The community identified one location on a hill by the winter road as an option.

• because of community concerns regarding a proposed camp in the Trainor Lake drainage area, the project has committed to working with the community to identify a suitable place for relocating the camp and water source options

• because of community concerns over an area of cultural significance, the project agreed to drop any plans to develop granular resources in the vicinity of Shihndáákaá Sfelaa

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The following tables summarize important meetings and discussions:

• Table 3-8: Key Consultations and Activities – Fort Simpson Traditional Knowledge Study

• Table 3-9: Key Consultations and Activities – Wrigley Traditional Knowledge Study

• Table 3-10: Key Consultations and Activities – Jean Marie River Traditional Knowledge Study

• Table 3-11: Key Consultations and Activities – Trout Lake Traditional Knowledge Study

• Table 3-12: Key Consultations and Activities – Kakisa Traditional Knowledge Study 3.3.5.5 Dene Tha’ First Nation This section provides an overview of the TK-related achievements in the Dene Tha’ First Nation (DTFN) area. These achievements and the associated consultation process should be viewed in conjunction with the public participation program (see Section 4, Public Participation). A summary of the TK-related consultation process employed by the environmental consultants group for the DTFN can be found in Table 3-13.

Table 3-8: Key Consultations and Activities – Fort Simpson Traditional Knowledge Study Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted May 27, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods • Liidlii Kue First Nation • Denendeh Resource Committee • Nogha Enterprises August 23, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative • Liidlii Kue First Nation Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies in • Denendeh Resource Committee the Deh Cho Region • Fort Simpson Métis Local • Nogha Enterprises • Nogha Geomatics • Deh Cho Divisional Education Council September 4, • Discussed TK study methods • Nogha Geomatics, Nogha Enterprises 2002 September 19, • Discussed TK study methods • Liidlii Kue First Nation 2002 • Fort Simpson Métis • Nogha Enterprises • Nogha Geomatics October 11, 2002 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Nogha Enterprises arrangements • Nogha Geomatics February 10, 2003 • Held a TK working group meeting • Fort Simpson TK working group

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Table 3-8: Key Consultations and Activities – Fort Simpson Traditional Knowledge Study (cont’d) Community or Organization Date Topics Contacted February 20, 2003 • Discussed TK study contractual arrangements • Nogha Geomatics February 28, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Nogha Enterprises arrangements • Nogha Geomatics March 28, 2003 • Held a Fort Simpson TK working group • Fort Simpson TK working group meeting May 30, 2003 • Discussed TK study contractual arrangements • Liidlii Kue First Nation • Fort Simpson Métis • Nogha Geomatics • Nogha Enterprises June 16, 2003 • Signed TK study contract • Liidlii Kue First Nation • Fort Simpson Métis • Nogha Geomatics • Nogha Enterprises July 10, 2003 • Fort Simpson TK working group meeting • Fort Simpson TK working group July 31, 2003 • Fort Simpson TK working group meeting • Fort Simpson TK working group August 6, 2003 • Gave a TK study update • Fort Simpson Métis Local No. 52 August 7, 2003 • Gave a TK study update • Liidlii Kue First Nation August 20, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Fort Simpson Métis Local No. 52 August 20, 2003 • Discussed participation of Fort Simpson Métis • Fort Simpson Métis Local No. 52 Local No. 52 in TK studies September 3, • Discussed progress of the Fort Simpson TK • Fort Simpson TK working group 2003 study October 17, 2003 • Discussed progress of the Fort Simpson TK • Fort Simpson TK working group study October 29, 2003 • Familiarized community interviewers with the • Community researchers TK study guidelines and interview protocols November 12, • Discussed progress of the Fort Simpson TK • Fort Simpson TK working group 2003 study January 6, 2004 • Discussed TK study progress • TK study coordinator January 14, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods and progress • Fort Simpson TK working group January 21, 2004 • Begin TK interviews • TK study coordinator • Community interviewers • TK informants • Some interviews attended by the environmental consultants group February 23, 2004 • Discussed TK study method and progress • Fort Simpson TK working group March 22, 2004 • Discussed TK study method and progress • Fort Simpson TK working group April 15, 2004 • Discussed TK study method and progress • Fort Simpson TK working group April 28, 2004 • Discussed TK study method and progress • Fort Simpson TK working group May 12 to 13, • Held TK study verification sessions • Fort Simpson TK working group 2004 • Interview participants • Community-at-large NOTE: TK = traditional knowledge Page 3-28 August 2004

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Table 3-9: Key Consultations and Activities – Wrigley Traditional Knowledge Study

Date Activity Community or Organization Contacted September 22, • Discussed TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation 2002 September 23, • Discussed TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation 2002 September 28, • Discussed TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation 2002 June 10, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation September 4, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation April 21, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation April 23, 2004 • Submitted letter describing TK study methods • Pehdzeh Ki First Nation and potential budget, and requesting involvement of Pehdzeh Ki First Nation

NOTES: TK = traditional knowledge

Table 3-10: Key Consultations and Activities – Jean Marie River Traditional Knowledge Study

Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted November 21, 2002 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative • Jean Marie River First Nation Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Deh Cho Region February 14, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Jean Marie River First Nation February 26, 2003 • Discussed schedule for TK studies • Jean Marie River First Nation March 12, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Jean Marie River First Nation May 7, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Jean Marie River First Nation June 17, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Jean Marie River First Nation July 16, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods • Jean Marie River First Nation July 23, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Jean Marie River First Nation arrangements July 29, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Jean Marie River First Nation arrangements July 31, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Jean Marie River First Nation arrangements August 19, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Jean Marie River First Nation arrangements May 11, 2004 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Jean Marie River First Nation arrangements

NOTES: TK = traditional knowledge

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Table 3-11: Key Consultations and Activities – Trout Lake Traditional Knowledge Study

Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted January 31, 2003 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative • Sambaa K’e Dene Band Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Deh Cho Region February 17, 2003 • Discussed Trout Lake TK policy, TK study methods • Sambaa K’e Dene Band and contractual arrangements March 20, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and contractual • Sambaa K’e Dene Band arrangements June 11 to 12, 2003 • Discussed TK study methods and held a TK working • Sambaa K’e Dene Band group meeting • TK working group June 26, 2003 • Discussed TK study process • Crosscurrent Associates July 8 to 10, 2003 • Discussed TK study process • Crosscurrent Associates July 14, 2004 • Began TK interviews • Crosscurrent Associates • TK informants July 22 to 24, 2003 • Held community sessions • TK informants • Discussed TK study process and update • Community members • Crosscurrent Associates August 18, 2003 • Signed TK study contract • Sambaa K’e Dene Development Corporation September 9 to 11, • Held community review of maps developed during TK • Community members 2003 study • TK informants • Crosscurrent Associates September 29, • Conducted data gap analysis • Crosscurrent Associates 2003 October 14 to 15, • Completed data gap analysis • Community members 2003 • Held meeting to share community concerns regarding • TK informants proposed infrastructure • Crosscurrent Associates December 16 to 18, • Held data verification meeting • Community members 2003 • TK informants • Crosscurrent Associates January 19, 2004 • Discussed approval process for final report • Crosscurrent Associates February 2, 2004 • Discussed approval process for final report • Crosscurrent Associates April 1, 2004 • Discussed some of the recommendations made in • Community members the TK study report • TK informants • Crosscurrent Associates

NOTES: TK = traditional knowledge

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Table 3-12: Key Consultations and Activities – Kakisa Traditional Knowledge Study

Community or Organization Date Activity Contacted February 10, 2003 • Discussed TK study method • Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation March 20, 2003 • Made a presentation describing A Cooperative • Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies in the Deh Cho Region March 27, 2003 • Discussed TK study method • Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation

NOTES: TK = traditional knowledge

Table 3-13: Key Consultations and Activities – Dene Tha’ Traditional Knowledge Study

Date Activity Community or Organization Contacted November 7, 2002 • Defined TK study process • DTFN consultation office January 16, 2003 • Defined TK study process • DTFN consultation office

NOTE: DTFN = Dene Tha’ First Nation

Key achievements in the DTFN include:

• the need to complete TK studies for the project was introduced to the DTFN

• the DTFN provided the environmental consultants group with a copy of its existing Traditional Land Use and Occupancy Study, and indicated interest in participating in the TK study. However, progress has been delayed, and depends on the DTFN and project team developing a working relationship that will allow them to proceed with TK work.

3.4 Expected Traditional Knowledge Study Activities

This section describes several of the activities that the environmental consultants group expects will be completed between May and September 2004. As the TK study program is community-focused and might be governed by as-yet unsigned contractual agreements between community and regional organizations and the environmental consultants group, the activities actually undertaken could vary from those described in the following sections.

3.4.1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region

The tasks listed following do not describe all tasks required to complete the Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK study. Rather, the tasks listed are those:

• discussed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK working group • required to advance the TK studies

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Tasks include: • applying for an ARI research licence to undertake TK studies in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in 2004, and conducting all necessary consultations to complete the application. The environmental consultants group has applied for the ARI licence. The TK working group will develop work plans and budgets detailing the activities required to complete the TK studies. • hiring a community coordinator from each of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk to undertake data collection and report writing. The Inuvialuit Settlement Region TK working group has recommended this. Qualified individuals for the community coordinator positions need to be identified and hired. • data collection, verification, analysis and report writing, which will begin once the previously described tasks are completed 3.4.2 Gwich’in Settlement Area The tasks listed following do not describe all tasks required to complete the Gwich’in TK study. Rather, the tasks listed are those: • discussed by the GSCI and the environmental consultants group • required to advance the TK studies Tasks include: • applying for an ARI research licence to undertake TK studies in the Gwich’in Settlement Area in 2004, and conducting all necessary consultations to complete the application. The environmental consultants group has applied for the ARI licence. The GSCI might also apply for an ARI research licence to undertake the studies. • establishing a TK working group that could include representatives from Aklavik, Fort McPherson, Inuvik and Tsiigehtchic. The GSCI has expressed interest in this. Further discussions are needed to establish a Gwich’in TK working group. • hiring a community coordinator from each of Aklavik, Fort McPherson, Inuvik and Tsiigehtchic to complete study tasks. The GSCI has suggested this. • data collection, verification, analysis and report writing, which will continue 3.4.3 Sahtu Settlement Area The tasks listed following do not describe all tasks required to complete the Sahtu TK study. Rather, the tasks listed are those: • discussed by the TK working group and community contracting authorities with the project team • required to advance the TK studies Page 3-32 August 2004

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Tasks include:

• applying for an ARI research licence to undertake TK studies in the Sahtu Settlement Area in 2004, and conducting all necessary consultations to complete the application. The environmental consultants group has applied for the ARI licence.

• continuing to negotiate contractual arrangements, and developing work plans and budgets detailing the activities required to complete the TK studies. Each community contracting authority and the project proponents will continue these tasks.

• data collection, verification, analysis and report writing, which will begin once the previously described tasks are completed 3.4.4 Deh Cho Region The tasks listed following do not describe all tasks required to complete the TK studies in the Deh Cho Region. Rather, the tasks listed are those:

• discussed by established TK working groups and community organizations • required to advance the TK studies Tasks include:

• applying for an ARI research licence to undertake TK studies in the Deh Cho Region in 2004, and conducting all necessary consultations to finalize the application. The environmental consultants group has applied for the ARI licence. The Pehdzeh Ki First Nation will be given a copy of the presentation and A Cooperative Approach to Traditional Knowledge Studies for the Mackenzie Gas Project in the Deh Cho Region.

• continuing attempts to negotiate contractual arrangements with the Pehdzeh Ki First Nation, Jean Marie River First Nation and Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation. The project proponents will work with them to develop work plans and budgets detailing the activities required to complete the TK studies. Data collection, verification, analysis and report writing will be completed on the basis of negotiated agreements.

• ensuring that the Fort Simpson TK study proceeds on the basis of the contractual agreement between the project proponents and the community contract authority, to ensure that all study tasks, including data collection, verification, analysis and report writing, are carried out in a manner that meets the needs of the community and the project

• incorporating the Trout Lake TK study results in a supplemental filing

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3.4.5 Dene Tha’ First Nation

The tasks listed following do not describe all tasks required to complete the TK studies in the DTFN area, but are required to advance the TK studies:

• endeavouring to give the DTFN the presentation, and assessing and verifying its interest in participating in the study

• continuing attempts to negotiate contractual arrangements with the DTFN, and to work with them to develop work plans and budgets detailing the activities required to complete the TK studies

3.5 Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines Document

The following material is from the Traditional Knowledge Study Guidelines document.

3.5.1 Introduction

3.5.1.1 Background

The project is being developed by Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, the Aboriginal Pipeline Group, ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited, Shell Canada Limited, and ExxonMobil Canada Properties, and will likely consist of:

• natural gas field development facilities at Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake

• gathering pipelines to collect natural gas and associated NGLs from the three fields and ship them to natural gas compression and NGL facilities in the Inuvik area

• an NGL pipeline from the Inuvik area to Norman Wells

• a transmission pipeline system (the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline) from the Inuvik area south along the Mackenzie Valley via Norman Wells, to connect to the existing natural gas pipeline system in northwestern Alberta for delivery to market

Traditional knowledge and technical/scientific research, combined with a synthesis of existing technical information, is being used to develop a suitable knowledge base for planning, assessment of effects and development of environmental protection plans related to this project. A consortium of environmental companies consisting of AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC), IMG Golder Corporation, KAVIK-AXYS Inc. and TERA Environmental Consultants, has been retained to conduct and coordinate this research.

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The TK studies will respond to the concerns and sensitivities of the communities conducting them and will be used to assist in project planning and design, improve impact assessment and fulfill regulatory requirements related to the project. The environmental consultants group will participate in the TK studies to provide technical assistance and training, as required, and work to ensure consistency and standardization of TK studies along the proposed pipeline corridor. The proponents have designed a methodology that maximizes community participation during the traditional knowledge studies so that they can be completed effectively. Three key aspects of the methodology highlight the ability of communities to participate in the studies:

• the proponents will (or have) sign(ed) a contract with appropriate community organizations detailing the roles and responsibilities of each party and clearly defining benefits to the community for participating in the study

• a working group representing appropriate community organizations and the proponents will be (or has been) established to develop a framework, determine content, establish a schedule and provide overall guidance for the TK study

• one or more community members will be (or have been) hired as community participants to assist in undertaking the study 3.5.1.2 Purpose of Guidelines This working document is being offered to the various Traditional Knowledge working groups, and community participants completing traditional knowledge studies for the project. It is designed to complement the Contracts and Terms of Reference that have been agreed to by the project proponents and community contracting authorities. The purpose of this document is to:

• provide an overview of the study process as agreed to by the project proponents and community contracting authority

• provide some guidance and direction for completing interviews associated with the collection of traditional knowledge

• describe the types of traditional knowledge that might prove useful to the environmental consultants group for use in the environmental and socio- economic assessment related to the project

• help ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements for the use of TK in environmental assessment

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The environmental consultants group and the project proponents recognize that each TK study will have different orientations, different resources and will be confronted by different challenges. Therefore, the information contained in this document might be modified by the working group to suit the realities of each study. However, this document is based on the information needs of the project, the regulators who will review the project, and accepted research standards. Any changes, therefore, must be discussed with the environmental consultants group and the project proponents. 3.5.2 How to Use this Document This document is divided into several different sections. This section describes the layout of the document. The next section, Section 3.5.3, Traditional Knowledge Requirements, briefly describes the requirements for the TK study related to the project and references the types of information that might be collected during this study. This information is included here to provide a context for the studies. More detailed information can be found in the Terms of Reference agreed to by the proponents and community contracting authority. Section 3.5.4, Traditional Knowledge Collection, describes some of the key steps that might be required to complete the TK studies. Section 3.5.5, Consent Form, shows a consent form that must be signed by each interviewer, before their participation in the study. Section 3.5.6, Interview Protocol, consists of an interview protocol that should be used to guide the interviewer. Although the working groups are free to suggest changes to these forms, these changes should be discussed with the environmental consultants group and the project proponents. 3.5.3 Traditional Knowledge Requirements As described in the Terms of Reference, the requirements for TK related to the project are to:

• provide the specific TK information needs of the project

• facilitate meaningful participation by communities in the environmental assessment process

• ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements for the use of TK in the environmental assessment In fulfilling these requirements, it is expected that the study will document data related to numerous topics including mammals, birds, fisheries, vegetation, surface and groundwater flow and historical/cultural/spiritual sites. Section 3.5.7, Interview Protocol, provides a more detailed account of the types of traditional knowledge to be collected. Page 3-36 August 2004

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Eventually, the collected information will form the basis of a report that summarizes the approach, methods and results of the study. The working group will develop the format and content of the report.

3.5.4 Traditional Knowledge Collection

3.5.4.1 Existing Information

The project proponents and the environmental consultants group are aware that other researchers have documented traditional knowledge in printed materials, audio recordings, maps and other sources. It is important to collect and verify this existing information so that it can form a part of the TK study information base.

It is recommended that a review of existing information occur as an early step in the research process, so that a data gap assessment can be done, which will help identify any new information that might need to be collected.

3.5.4.2 New Information

TK, for the most part, lies in the oral history of a community. Interviewing holders of the knowledge is the best way to collect it. The basic steps that should be followed when completing the interviews are described in the remainder of this section.

Selecting the Interviewee

It is important that the working group and community researcher develop an appropriate process for identifying potential informants and determining which study topics will be addressed during the interview. This selection process will need to be documented and provided to the environmental consultants group. The environmental consultants group might be required to provide this information to the regulators reviewing the project.

Although the community members of the TK working group are best able to judge who should be interviewed, the environmental consultants group recommends that:

• the main users of the study area be interviewed

• Elders who have considerable experience with resource harvesting in the study area be selected

• younger resource harvesters also be selected

• both males and females be selected

• they be willing to be interviewed

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Individuals should also:

• be willing to engage in interviews and mapping sessions that might last a couple of hours or longer in length

• sign a consent form acknowledging that they understand the study and what their information is going to be used for

The Pre-Interview

To have a successful interview, it is critical that the interviewee understand the:

• purpose of the interview • reason that they have been asked to participate • project details • sequence of events that will take place • topics that will be covered during the interview

The TK working group should work with the community participant or participants, conducting the interview to develop a process for completing the pre-interview. If necessary, the environmental consultants group will also help the interviewer develop a pre-interview process.

During the pre-interview it is important to ask the interviewee to complete a consent form. The consent form will help to ensure that the interviewee is fully aware of the purpose of the study, and how their information will be used. Ensuring that the interviewee signs the consent form, before they participate in the study, will protect all involved (including the community researcher, TK working group, the community contracting authority, the environmental consultants group and the project proponents).

The Interview

During the interview the respondent will be asked to share valuable information. It is important that they are comfortable throughout the process. It is only through their participation that any TK information will be become available. They must be willing to share their knowledge and be confident that it will be used appropriately.

To ensure that the interview process is effective:

• the interview process should be relaxed and open-ended

• the person being interviewed should be encouraged to speak in the language in which they feel most comfortable, either the indigenous language or English, using a translator whom the interviewee is comfortable with

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• the interview should be scheduled at a time convenient to the person being interviewed, and in a location of their choosing

• the interview should not take too long to complete. Try to keep the interview to less than two hours, and watch the people that you are interviewing. If they are getting tired, it might be appropriate to end the interview. If there is more information to be covered, try to schedule more time to complete the interview at a later time.

• watch for, and when appropriate, respond to visual clues from the people that you are interviewing - are they upset, do they have more to add

At the conclusion of the interview it is important that the interviewer:

• offer the interviewee the chance to add further information • thank the interviewee for the information that they provided • explain the next steps in the process

Data Management

To meet the TK requirements for the regulatory process, it is important that the information collected be properly recorded and reported. Therefore, the researchers will need to keep extensive notes. And, with the permission of the person being interviewed, tape recordings should be made to ensure that a complete and accurate record of the information is maintained. Recordings should then be translated and transcribed. Also, with the permission of the person being interviewed, their photograph should be taken, so that it can be included in reports.

Much of the interview process focuses on locating events and features geographically. All site-specific TK should be plotted on appropriate maps using symbols and annotations.

Useful processes to facilitate good document management after an interview include:

• labelling all notes, maps, videos and audio tapes with names of the interviewer and interviewee, and dates of the interview

• making duplicate copies of tapes and notes

• storing maps, notes, videos, audiotapes and other materials in a safe, fireproof place

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Data Verification

Once the initial round of interviews has been completed, and the data are compiled, it should be taken back to the people who were interviewed to ensure that the record is consistent with their knowledge. They should be asked to check the transcripts of their interviews as well as the maps to ensure that the interviewers or translators did not make errors. If necessary, repeated verification should take place, until there is consensus that the data are accurate.

Once the interviewees have verified the data, the working group should decide whether further verification with other knowledgeable community members is necessary to assess the accuracy of the study. If further verification is required, care should be taken to ensure that it is completed in a manner that respects all interviewees and the data that they provide.

3.5.5 Consent Form

MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE STUDY Draft Consent Form

Note: This consent form will be both given and read to the interviewee. Verbal responses to the following questions must be recorded on audio or videotape, or both.

Project Description

Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, the Aboriginal Pipeline Group, ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited, Shell Canada Limited and ExxonMobil Canada Properties, are developing the project. The project will likely consist of:

• natural gas field development facilities at Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake

• gathering pipelines to collect natural gas and associated NGLs from the three fields and ship them to natural gas compression and NGL facilities in the Inuvik area

• an NGL pipeline from the Inuvik area to Norman Wells

• a transmission pipeline system (the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline) from the Inuvik area south along the Mackenzie Valley via Norman Wells, to connect to the existing natural gas pipeline system in northwestern Alberta for delivery to market

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plans related to this project. A consortium of environmental companies (AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC), IMG Golder Corporation, KAVIK- AXYS Inc. and TERA Environmental Consultants), has been retained to conduct this research.

Traditional Knowledge Study

As a part of this project, the proponents will be conducting Traditional Knowledge studies. During these studies we would like to ask knowledgeable people about vegetation, fish, birds, wildlife, and human use patterns in the region. The Traditional Knowledge study is designed to: respond to the concerns and sensitivities of those living in the study area; improve environmental impact assessment; and fulfill regulatory requirements.

During this study, the confidentiality of all interview subjects will be strictly maintained. Subjects will not be identified by name, in any publication, without prior written permission. If necessary, subjects will be coded to a number, and identified only by that number. Only a small number of project analysts will have access to the information and code, and will not release confidential information without prior authorized consent.

It is recognized that agreement to provide information for the purposes of this traditional knowledge study, does not imply support for, or consent to, the Mackenzie Gas project as a whole.

Communities will receive regular updates, and a non-technical summary of the final project reports.

If you have any concerns regarding this study please contact either Chris O’Neil or Gord Rozon.

Chris O’Neil Gord Rozon AMEC Earth and Environmental AMEC Earth and Environmental Suite 6, 5102 – 50th Avenue 221 – 18th Street S.E. Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7 Calgary, AB T2E 6J5 Tel: (867) 920 4140 Tel: (403) 248 4331 Fax: (867) 920 4402 Fax: (403) 248 2188

Project Title

Mackenzie Gas Project Traditional Knowledge Study

Participant Involvement

You have been identified as a knowledgeable individual who could contribute to the Traditional Knowledge study being done by .The information that you provide may be written down, placed on maps and recorded

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using audio-video equipment. This knowledge that you share will be used by the environmental consultants in preparing environmental assessments and protection plans for the proposed gas development project. Communities will receive regular updates, and a non-technical summary of the final project reports.

Biographical Information

NAME: DATE OF BIRTH: AGE: Youth Adult Elder AFFILIATION: ADDRESS: TOWN: POSTAL CODE: PHONE:

Consent

Please circle either YES or NO to each of the questions below:

I have been fully informed of the objectives of the Traditional YES NO Knowledge studies by the Mackenzie Gas Project and/or its associates I understand the objectives and consent to being interviewed as a YES NO part of this project I would like my name to be identified and cited for any information YES NO I give in this research. I agree that the information I provide as a part of this project may YES NO be written down and/or placed on maps I agree that the information I provide as a part of this project YES NO might be recorded on audio/and or videotape I understand that if I wish to withdraw from this study, I may do so YES NO at anytime. The information provided before my withdrawal may still be used for the purposes of the Mackenzie Gas Project. I agree that the Mackenzie Gas Project may use the information YES NO that I provide in Environmental Impact Assessments and Environmental Protection Plans.

SIGNATURE: DATE:

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3.5.6 Interview Protocol

Topics Focused on During Interview

General Questions Historical/Cultural/Spiritual Sites Animal Resources ♦ Traditional Land use ♦ Cabins and camps ♦ Wildlife Activities ♦ Burial Sites ♦ Birds ♦ Traditional Place ♦ Sacred/important/ceremonial sites ♦ Fish Names ♦ Trails ♦ Insects Plant Resources Water –Hydrology Soil conditions ♦ Berries, Mushrooms, ♦ Rivers and Streams ♦ Ground Movement Herbs ♦ Lakes ♦ Storage ♦ Shrubs and Trees ♦ Springs ♦ Medicinal Plants ♦ Muskeg Weather/Climate Socio-Economic Implications Mitigation and Monitoring

Follow-up Other (please specify)

Introduction The following recommended questions are not meant to be administered as a questionnaire. Rather, this document should be viewed simply as a guide. The list of questions is not exhaustive, prescriptive, restrictive or sequential. The project proponents and the environmental consultants, consistent with the cooperative approach to the TK studies, and the Community-Focused Assessment Approach to the Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment, encourage working groups implementing the TK studies to add or delete questions as appropriate. That said, the recommended questions are based on data requirements identified in the Consolidated Information Requirements prepared by the Northern Pipeline Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Chairs’ Committee. Any changes might affect the environmental consultants’ ability to fully incorporate traditional knowledge in the environmental and socio-economic assessment. Therefore, the environmental consultants and the project proponents will work cooperatively with each working group to more fully develop an appropriate interview protocol for each TK study. To facilitate data collection and report writing, the following questions have been grouped thematically. The environmental consultants do not expect that all traditional knowledge informants will answer questions from every group. Rather, the working groups and interviewers will need to determine which questions are appropriate to ask of each informant. Although it is recognized that traditional knowledge is holistic, when possible it is expected that each interview will focus on the informant’s particular knowledge set. Some informants could have specialized knowledge in many different areas, and it might be appropriate to ask about all these areas. For example, when interviewing a person particularly knowledgeable about caribou hunting, the interviewer might focus on addressing wildlife questions (Question 3.1), and then

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subsequently address questions about cabins and camps (Question 2.1), trails (Question 2.4), or other relevant sections. If interviewing an individual knowledgeable about fishing, the interviewer might focus on addressing the questions about fish (Question 3.3) and then follow up with questions about water, e.g., hydrology (Question 5.0) if appropriate. Some questions, such as those under general questions (Question 1), and follow-up (Question 13), might be appropriate to ask of all informants. The interviewer should be familiar with the entire interview protocol to ensure they are prepared to address any relevant information that the interviewer might wish to provide.

The following numbered questions are designed to be more general and can be used to probe the scope of the interviewees’ knowledge and experience. The bulleted questions tend to be more focused and could be used as appropriate follow-up questions to the numbered questions.

Interview Questions

1. GENERAL QUESTIONS

1.1 Traditional Land Use Activities

1.1.1 What types of activities do, or did, you engage in while out on the land?

• What would you consider to be the most important traditional land uses?

• How often do/did you participate in these traditional land use activities?

• Has there been a decrease or increase in these traditional land use activities.

• If so, why?

• How does/did this affect the community?

• Who do/did you usually conduct these activities with? Is/was it usually a group activity?

• Have you stopped conducting any traditional activities? If so, when and why?

1.1.2 Can you describe and show us the areas you and others in the community use for these traditional activities? (Map)

1.2 Traditional Place Names

1.2.1 Do you know the traditional names for rivers, lakes, mountains, hills or other features in this area? (Record these names on maps)

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• How did this feature get its name?

• Is there a story attached to the name?

• Why is this feature important?

2.0 HISTORICAL/CULTURAL/SPIRITUAL SITES

2.1 Cabins and Camps

2.1.1 Do you know of any permanent/traditional cabins or camping sites in this area? Where are/were these cabins or camps located? (Record these locations on maps)

• Who uses/used the cabin or camp?

• When is/was this cabin or camp used?

• How often is/was the cabin or camp used?

• Have you ever made a camp in this area? If so, where?

• Is there anything at the permanent/old/new sites now?

• When was the cabin built?

• Who owns/owned the cabin?

• How are camping sites usually chosen, i.e., vegetation type, distance to wildlife species or trail?

2.1.2 Are/were there any important hunting or fishing sites with other structures, i.e., drying racks?

• Where are/were these located? (Record these locations on maps)

• What are/were these sites used for?

• When are/were these sites used?

2.1.3 Are or were there any important historical areas that were inhabited by non-Aboriginal people, i.e., a trading post?

• Where is this site located? (Record these locations on maps)

• What is the significance of this site?

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• Are there any stories associated with their stay?

• When was this site used?

• Is there anything at those sites now?

2.2 Burial Sites

2.2.1 Do you know of any burial sites in this area?

• Where are the burial sites located? (Record these locations on maps)

• How many people are buried at this site?

• Who is buried at this site?

• When was the person buried?

• How large are the burial areas?

2.3 Sacred/Important/Ceremonial Sites

2.3.1 Are there any areas with special plants, trees or wildlife that are considered more important or sacred than others?

• Where are these sites located? (Record these locations on maps)

• Why is this a sacred/important/ceremonial site?

• Is there a story attached to the site?

• Have the location of these sites changed with time? If so, why and when did these changes occur?

• Are there any events that still occur at this site? If so, when do these events occur? If so, how often do they occur?

2.4 Trails

2.4.1 In this area, what routes do/did you take when travelling in the bush? (Record these on maps)

• Does this route have a name?

• How do/did you travel on this trail (walk, ski, skidoo, dogs, etc)?

• What are/were these trails used for?

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• How often are/were this trail used?

• Is this trail still used?

• How often do you use this trail?

2.4.2 When is the best time to travel on the land?

• Why?

2.4.3 Are you aware of wet spots, ground heave or icings along trails?

• Do these occur every year in the same place?

• When do these occur?

3.0 ANIMAL RESOURCES

3.1 Wildlife

3.1.1 What are the different types of wildlife that inhabit this area? (review species list)

• What are the different types of wildlife harvested during each season?

• How are the animals usually harvested, e.g., hunting, trapping?

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.1.2 What animals are important for food?

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.1.3 What animals are important for saleable fur?

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.1.4 What animals are important for clothing and crafts?

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.1.5 Are there any animals that have particular cultural or spiritual importance?

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3.1.6 Are there any other ways that you use animals?

• If so, how?

• Has this changed overtime? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.1.7 Have you used fire to control animal movements?

• Have there been any fires that have altered animal movements?

• When was fire last used to control animal movements?

NOTE: Questions 3.1.8 through 3.1.13 should be posed for each species mentioned by the interviewee in response to questions 3.1.2 to 3.1.7.

3.1.8 What type of habitat is important for each species?

• Does the important habitat change by season, if so how?

3.1.9 Has the population (numbers) of this species changed?

• If so, how has it changed? Is the population currently low or high?

• If so, when did the change occur?

• Does the population change with different seasons?

• What is the normal group size for these animals?

• How many young are usually born and in what habitat?

3.1.10 What is the general health of the species

• If there are any changes in the health of the species, when did they occur?

• Have you noticed any disease or parasites in the meat, lungs or other organs?

• Have you noticed any change in the hair or fat content of the species?

• Do you know what could have caused these changes?

3.1.11 What is the best time of year to harvest this species and why?

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3.1.12 Is there a connection between habitat conditions and harvesting productivity?

• Are there certain areas that consistently produce higher quality furs? If so, why?

3.1.13 Please show on this map where each species of animal can be found. Include both harvested and nonharvested species.

• Show intensity of species by location and season, i.e., uncommon, common, very common

• Show breeding sites by season

• Show denning/calving/offspring rearing sites by season

• Show eating (foraging) locations by season

• Show travel areas/migration routes by season

• Show locations of any saltlicks or mineral deposits that attract animals to certain areas

• Show harvesting locations by season and intensity

3.2 Birds

3.2.1 What are the different types of birds that live in, or migrate through this area? Refer to species list

• Has this changed over time? If so, why and when did these changes occur?

• What birds are harvested during each season?

3.2.2 What birds are important for food?

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.2.3 What birds are important for clothing and crafts?

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and why did these changes occur?

3.2.4 Are there any birds that have particular cultural or spiritual importance?

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• Why do these birds have cultural or spiritual importance?

3.2.5 Are there any other ways that you use birds?

3.2.6 Do you harvest bird eggs?

• What species of birds eggs to you harvest?

• How many eggs are usually found in one nest?

• How many eggs do you usually harvest of this species

NOTE: Questions 3.2.8 through 3.2.10 should be posed for each of the species mentioned by the interviewee in response to questions 3.2.2 through 3.2.7

3.2.7 How are the birds/eggs harvested?

3.2.8 How many birds/eggs do you harvest each year?

3.2.9 What is important habitat for each species? By season?

3.2.10 Has the population (numbers) of this species changed?

• If so, when did it change? What caused the change?

• If so, how did it change? Is the population currently low or high?

3.2.11 What is the general health of the species?

• Have you noticed any disease or parasites in the meat, lungs or other organs?

• If there have been any changes in the health of the birds, do you know what has caused the changes?

3.2.12 Please show on this map where each species of bird can be found, including both harvested and nonharvested species

• Show intensity of species by location and season, i.e., uncommon, common, very common

• Show moulting, i.e., loss of feathers, sites by season

• Show nesting/offspring rearing sites by season

• Show eating (foraging) locations by season

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• Show critical harvesting locations by season

• Show travel areas and migration routes by season

3.3 Fish

3.3.1 What are the different types of fish found in this area? Refer to species list

3.3.2 What are the different types of fish harvested during each season?

• Are there any fish that you do not use at all? If so, why do you not use them?

3.3.3 Are there any fish that have particular cultural or spiritual importance?

NOTE: Questions 3.3.4 through 3.3.10 should be posed for each of the species mentioned by the interviewee in response to questions 3.3.1 through 3.3.3

3.3.4 How do you harvest this species, i.e., nets, hooks?

3.3.5 How many do you harvest in an average year?

3.3.6 What is important habitat for each species? By season?

• Do all the little ponds in the area support some type of fish or are there the fish only in the larger bodies of water? How large does a body of water need to be to support fish?

• How can you tell if a body of water has fish in it?

3.3.7 Has the population (numbers) of this species changed?

• If so, how has it changed? Is the population currently low or high?

• If so, when did this change begin to occur?

• If so, do you know what caused this change?

3.3.8 What is the general health of the species

• Has the taste or colour of the flesh changed over time?

• Have you noticed any disease or parasites in the meat or other organs?

• If there have been any changes in the health of the fish, do you know what as caused it?

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3.3.9 What streams, rivers and lakes contain fish? Refer to map, by species

• What season are they usually found there?

• Do they change depth or location by season?

• Where do they spawn? Have you seen spawning grounds?

• Where do you find many of the smaller, younger fish, i.e., rearing habitat?

3.3.10 What streams, rivers and lakes do you fish on regularly? Refer to map

3.3.11 Where on these streams, rivers and lakes do you regularly fish?

3.4 Insects

3.4.1 Have you noticed any new insects or bugs in the area?

• If so, when and where did you start noticing them?

• Do they have any affect on the environment?

4.0 PLANTS RESOURCES

4.1 Berries, Mushrooms, Herbs

4.1.1 What are the different types of berries, mushrooms or herbs inhabiting this area? Refer to species list

4.1.2 What types of berries mushrooms or herbs do you harvest?

• How many berries, mushrooms or herbs do you harvest? (By species)

• Has this changed over time? If so, when and how did these changes occur?

4.1.3 Are there any areas with unusual plant species or plant communities?

4.1.4 Please show on this map were each species of berry, mushroom or herb can be harvested:

• Show intensity of species by location and season

• Show critical gathering locations by season

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• Have you always harvested these resources in these locations? If no, when and why did this change occur?

4.2 Shrubs and Trees

4.2.1 What types of shrubs and trees do you harvest?

• How do you use the shrubs and trees?

• Have you noticed any changes in the wood quality over time? If so, do you know what caused these changes? If so, is the change limited to certain areas?

4.2.2 Please show on this map, were each species of tree or shrub can be harvested:

• Show intensity of species harvest by locations and season

• Show critical gathering locations by season

• Have you always harvested these resources in these regions? If no, when and why did this change occur?

4.3 Medicinal Plants

4.3.1 What are the different types of medicinal plants harvested during each season? Refer to species list

• What do you do with these items?

• Has the type or amount of medicinal plants you harvest changed over time? If so, when, how and why did this change occur?

4.3.2 Please show on this map were each species of medicinal plant can be harvested

• Show intensity of species by location and season

• Show critical gathering locations by season

• Have you always harvested these resources in these regions? If no, when and why did this change occur?

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5.0 WATER – HYDROLOGY

5.1 Rivers and Streams

5.1.1 Which rivers and streams do you use for transportation or harvesting? Refer to map

• How did you travel on these river routes, e.g., powerboat, canoe?

• Are there any parts of the river that are dangerous and should be avoided? (Map)

• Is there a certain season that people should not travel in this area?

5.1.2 Are there any particularly good places to cross this river, i.e., where the river bottom is solid and rocky or gravelly? (Map)

5.1.3 Is this river or stream used for swimming? (Map)

5.1.4 Do you drink from this river or stream?

• Do you need to boil the water before drinking from this river or stream?

• What colour is the water?

• What does the water taste and smell like?

• Does the water change in taste, smell or colour during different times of the year? If so, do you know what causes the change?

5.1.5 Is there algae in this river or stream?

• Does the water turn green?

5.1.6 Does this river or stream flow year round?

• Some years, but not others?

• Only in the spring or after rainfall?

5.1.7 Does this river or stream flood?

• When does this river or stream flood?

• How often does this river or stream flood?

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5.1.8 When does this river or stream freeze in the winter?

• Are there any areas of open water on this river or stream in the winter?

• Does this river or stream freeze to the bottom?

• Are there any areas that you avoid crossing in the winter?

5.1.9 Have you noticed any changes in these rivers or streams?

• If so, when did these changes occur?

• If so, do you know what caused these changes?

5.2 Lakes

5.2.1 Which lakes do you commonly use during traditional pursuits and why? (Map)

• Which lakes do you use as a main transportation route?

• Which lakes do you use for hunting or fishing?

5.2.2 Is this lake used for swimming?

5.2.3 Do you drink from this lake?

• Do you need to boil the water from this lake before drinking from it?

• What colour is the water?

• What does the water taste and smell like?

• Does the water change in taste, smell or colour during different times of the year?

5.3 Springs

5.3.1 Do you know of any groundwater springs in the area? Locate on the map and name or number

• Is there a story attached to the name?

5.3.2 Do you drink from these springs?

• Do you need to boil the water from this spring before drinking from it?

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• What colour is the water from the spring?

• Does the water change in taste, smell or colour during different times of the year? If so, when do the changes occur? If so, do you know what cause the change?

5.3.3 When is the spring accessible?

• Does the spring ever dry up?

• Does the spring stop flowing in the winter?

• Does the amount of water coming from the spring change with the seasons?

• What is the rate of spring outflow?

5.3.4 Does the spring help to keep a stream open and flowing in the winter?

5.3.5 Do you notice a difference in the types or numbers of animals or types of vegetation in the area around a spring?

5.4 Muskeg Hydrology

5.4.1 Do you know of any changes in the water level or the amount of water in the muskeg?

• If so, where did these changes occur?

• If so, when did these changes occur?

• If so, do you know what caused these changes?

6.0 SOIL CONDITIONS AND LOCATIONS

6.1 Ground Movement

6.1.1 Have you ever experienced any type of sudden ground movement or earth shake?

• If so, where and when did this occur?

• What were the effects of that movement?

6.1.2 Have there been any landslides in the area?

• If so, where and when did they occur?

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6.1.3 Have you noticed any shifting in cabins or docks? This would be noticeable if doors shifted or could not be opened

• If so, when and were did this shifting occur?

6.2 Permafrost Distribution

6.2.1 Can you identify permafrost locations?

• If so, how?

6.2.2 Are there any areas where snow remains on the ground longer than other areas?

6.2.3 Does disturbing the vegetation above the ground affect the frost levels?

6.2.4 Does travel with snow machines or all terrain vehicles affect the frost levels in the areas that are frequently travelled?

6.2.5 Have you noticed any changes in frost levels around lakes that have caused them to drain, dry up or flood?

6.2.6 Has the amount of permafrost changed over time?

• If so, what has caused this change?

• If so, where are the most affected areas?

• If so, what affects has this change had?

6.3 Storage

6.3.1 Do/did you bury food or other things in the ground for storage?

• What do/did you bury?

• Where do/did you bury it?

• Why do/did you bury it there?

• How do/did you find areas that are good to bury food items?

• How do/did you bury the materials, i.e., dugouts, pits?

• When do/did you bury the materials? When do you retrieve the materials?

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• Have storage techniques changed over time? If so, why?

7.0 WEATHER/CLIMATE

7.1.1 What are the traditional seasons in your area?

• When do these seasons begin and end?

• Can you describe a typical season, i.e., amount of snow, rain, sun, temperature

• Can you describe your typical activities during each season?

7.1.2 Have you noticed any changes in the weather over time?

• Have you noticed any changes in the length of seasons?

• Have you noticed any changes in the temperature during each season?

• Have you noticed any changes in how often or much it snows?

• Have you noticed any changes in how often or much it rains?

• Have you noticed more clouds or sunshine now than in the past?

• How long have these changes been occurring?

• Have these changes affect how you get out on the land or your harvesting of resources?

• Have these changed affected the animals or plants?

7.1.3 Are/were there any indicators that suggest that the weather is going to change?

• What are these indicators?

• Are these indicators still reliable?

7.1.4 Which direction does the wind predominately come from? (By season)

• Does the wind direction change much? If so, how and when?

7.1.5 Are there any differences in air quality by season?

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7.1.6 Have you noticed any changes in air quality?

• If there have been differences in air quality, have they affected the people in the community or how they use the land?

• If there have been differences in air quality, have these differences affected wildlife?

8.0 TRADITIONAL FOODS

8.1.1 What types of country food does your household eat?

• How much country food does your household eat?

• About how much of the food eaten in your household is country food?

• What country food do you eat the most?

• Has this changed over time?

• Why have these changes occur?

• If there has been a decrease in your consumption of country foods, have there been any impacts on your household?

8.1.2 Who prepares the food in your household?

• Is the food prepared according to traditional methods?

• Is there good knowledge in the community of traditional methods of food preparation?

8.1.3 Aside from the nutritional value, how important is country food to your household as a replacement for store bought food?

• Can you estimate the value of country food if it was not available and you had to rely on store bought food instead?

9.0 TRADITIONAL MEDICINES/SPIRITUAL HEALING

9.1.1 To what degree are traditional medicines used in the community?

9.1.2 Are there any linkages between reductions in traditional medicine and the health of the community?

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9.1.3 Are there practicing traditional healers in your community or region?

• If so, who and how many?

• What types of medicine and healing do they provide and for what types of health issues?

9.1.4 Does spiritual healing involve the use of plants that are found in the region?

• If so, which plants are used and where are they found?

10.0 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE RETENTION

10.1.1 Do you speak the traditional language?

• How often is the traditional language spoken in your household?

• Do your children speak the language?

10.1.2 What would you consider to be the most important traditional land use?

• Why?

• How important is this and other traditional land use to the well being of your community?

10.1.3 What proportion of the people in the community still practice traditional ways, i.e., most, some, or only a few?

• Do people still practice spiritual ways?

10.1.4 How are young people taught about traditional knowledge?

• How is traditional knowledge transferred within families and within the community?

• Is this still being done today?

• How could this be improved?

• Do young people in the community express a desire to learn this knowledge and practice traditional land use?

• Has this changed over time?

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• Are there formal programs for the young people to learn traditional knowledge? (Example: classroom curricula, culture camps)

11.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

11.1.1 Do people leave the community to pursue wage labour?

• Does this have an impact on traditional land use?

• Do they usually return once the work is complete?

• What brings them back?

• What keeps them away?

11.1.2 Do rotational wage labour jobs provide an opportunity for traditional land use activities?

• What types of traditional land use activities to people with rotational wage labour jobs engage in?

• How could this be improved?

11.1.3 Do local wage labour jobs provide opportunity for traditional land use activities, e.g., are they seasonal, flexible, close to traditional land use areas?

• How could this be improved?

• How do the people that have a job and still engage in a traditional lifestyle balance both of these activities?

11.1.4 Do you think that wage employment has resulted in a decline in traditional harvesting by people in your community?

• If yes, what have been the implications?

• When did this change begin occurring?

• If the wage economy has resulted in a decline in traditional harvesting can you explain why this has occurred?

• Do you think that income earned from the wage economy could have a positive effect on traditional harvesting?

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12.0 MITIGATION AND MONITORING

12.1.1 Are there any species that are particularly important to protect? Why?

12.1.2 Are there any key species that would indicate if an area is healthy in terms of plant and animal life?

12.1.3 Have you noticed any effects, i.e., to the animals, vegetation/environment, from ATV/snow-machine traffic in the area?

• What are the effects?

• How could the effects be limited?

12.1.3.1 Have you noticed any effects from air traffic in the area?

• What are the effects?

• How could the effects be limited?

12.1.4 Have winter roads leading to new regions affected your land use patterns?

• Will this be a positive or negative change? Why?

12.1.5 Have past industrial developments affected the way that you use the land, e.g., seismic activities?

• How?

• Have these developments caused adverse health effects to animals, fish or humans?

• What actions, if any, have companies taken to help you enjoy your time out on the land? Have these been effective?

13.0 FOLLOW-UP

13.1.1 Would you like to elaborate on anything that has been discussed?

• Have you thought about new information that you would like to add?

13.1.2 Are there any other important issues that have not been discussed?

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3.6 The Cooperative Approach Document The following material is from the cooperative approach document (see Section 3.3.2.2, Cooperative Approach Document). 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6.1.1 The Mackenzie Gas Project Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited, Shell Canada Limited, and ExxonMobil Canada Properties (the project proponents) are conducting a number of environmental and socio-economic studies relative to a development concept that consists of:

• gas wells at Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake

• gathering pipeline system to bring production to the Inuvik area

• gas compression facilities near Inuvik

• a pipeline to transport natural gas and associated NGLs from near Inuvik to Norman Wells

• transport of NGLs in the existing Enbridge pipeline from Norman Wells to Alberta

• a pipeline to transport natural gas from Norman Wells to connect with existing pipelines in northern Alberta The project proponents have secured the services of a group of environmental consultants, a consortium of companies consisting of AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC), IMG Golder Corporation, KAVIK-AXYS Inc. and TERA Environmental Consultants, to complete an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment associated with the project. As a part of these studies, the environmental consultants will be working with community organizations to undertake traditional knowledge studies with affected regions and communities in the production area and along the proposed pipeline right-of-way. 3.6.1.2 TK Requirements The requirements for TK related to the project are to:

• provide the specific TK information needs of the project

• facilitate meaningful participation by communities in the environmental assessment process

• ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements for the use of TK in the environmental assessment

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By fulfilling these requirements, the project proponents believe that real benefits can be achieved in project planning, design, assessment, mitigation and monitoring. For example, it is believed that routing, siting and engineering design can be optimized, and that project community consultation can be enhanced. The outcome should be a better project plan from both the project and community perspectives.

The purpose of this document is to outline a process for the proponents and Inuvialuit organizations to work cooperatively in completing the TK studies.

3.6.2 Proposed Methods

3.6.2.1 Purpose

The key components of this study include, collecting existing information, gathering new information, and producing a TK report. To ensure that these objectives are met, a number of important tasks need to be completed. They include establishing an Inuvialuit TK working group, determining community participation, determining the types of information that will be documented, defining the study area, collecting data, verifying the accuracy of the data, writing reports and controlling and using the data.

3.6.2.2 TK Working Group

An Inuvialuit TK working group (the working group) will be established to develop a framework, determine content, establish a schedule and provide overall guidance for the TK study. More specifically, the working group will be involved in determining what issues the TK study will address, determining the study area boundaries, recommending methods for community participation, identifying holders of TK and reviewing maps and reports produced during the course of the study.

The working group will consist of representatives from the environmental consultants and the proponents, as well as from each of the following organizations:

• Aklavik • Inuvik • Tuktoyaktuk Community Community Community Corporation Corporation Corporation • Aklavik Hunters • Inuvik Hunters • Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers and Trappers and Trappers Committee Committee Committee • Aklavik Elders • Inuvik Elders • Tuktoyaktuk Elders Committee Committee Committee

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3.6.2.3 Community Participation

The proponents will hire one or more community members as TK study participants. The community participants will be key members of the TK study team.

They will:

• provide logistical and administrative support • participate in data collection, recording and analysis methods • conduct interviews, record and process TK data • translate between the indigenous language and English • prepare written reports

It is recommended that the community participants:

• have the ability to speak and write both the indigenous language and English • have good map reading skills • be a respected and capable member of the Inuvialuit community • be knowledgeable about the traditional economy • be familiar with the traditions and history of the community

The project will employ the community participants and remuneration rates will be agreed on between proponents and the working group. If necessary, the proponents will provide the participants with training in interview techniques, map reading/recording and report writing.

3.6.2.4 Study Area

The study area for the TK studies should be consistent with the study area for the environmental assessment and will reflect areas likely influenced by project effects on traditional uses, environmental components, e.g., fish, vegetation, wildlife, and communities. The working group will be provided with a map showing the potential location of the pipeline, granular resources, and other infrastructure.

3.6.2.5 TK Collection

It is expected that the TK study will document data related to wildlife, birds, fisheries, vegetation, historical/cultural/spiritual sites, climate, soil conditions, hydrology and hydrogeology, human health, cumulative effects and other relevant social, economic and environmental issues. A more descriptive account of the kinds of TK that might prove useful to the project can be found in Section 3.6.3, Kinds of Traditional Knowledge to be Collected. The working group will determine the types of information to be collected.

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Existing Information The proponents have produced a bibliography of TK information sources. Further sources might also be identified. It is important to collect and verify this existing information. The TK participant will be asked to work with the secondary sources to identify relevant TK. The data in these sources might be entered in a project-specific database or GIS, and form part of the TK study information base. New Information Respondent Selection A data gap assessment will be done after relevant secondary source information has been identified. If necessary, holders of traditional knowledge will be interviewed to fill data gaps. The TK working group will be asked to identify the individuals that should be interviewed. Although the TK working group is best able to judge who should be interviewed, it is recommended that the following types of respondents be included:

• knowledgeable individuals from the community

• Elders who have considerable experience with harvesting resources, living on the land, or both

• younger resource harvesters All respondents should be respected members of the community and be willing to be interviewed. It is recommended that both male and female resource harvesters be interviewed. Interview Process The respondent will be asked to share valuable information. It is important that they are comfortable throughout the process. It is only through their participation that any TK information will be become available. They must be willing to share their knowledge and be confident that it will be used appropriately. To ensure that the interview process is effective:

• the interview process will be relaxed and open-ended

• questions or statements used to guide the interview will be developed in consultation with the TK working group

• community participants will conduct the interviews

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• the person being interviewed will be encouraged to speak in the language in which they feel most comfortable, either the indigenous language or English, using a translator whom the interviewee is comfortable with

• the interview will be scheduled at a time convenient to the person being interviewed, and in a location of their choosing, and if necessary some interviews might take place on the land The person being interviewed will be asked to sign a consent form before participating in the study. The working group will be asked to approve the consent form. Data Management It is important that the information collected be properly recorded. Extensive notes will be taken and with the permission of the person being interviewed, video and audio tape recordings might be made to ensure a complete and accurate record of the information is maintained. Recordings will then be translated and transcribed. Much of the interview process will focus on locating events and features geographically. During the process, all site-specific TK will be plotted on appropriate maps using symbols and annotations. Some of these geographic features might be mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The use of a GIS will make the data more usable in future community projects, might enhance the precision of the data and make storage and retrieval of the data quick and convenient. Once the initial round of interviews has been completed, and the data are compiled, it will be taken back to the people who were interviewed to ensure that the record is consistent with their knowledge. They will be asked to check the transcripts of their interviews as well as the maps to ensure that the interviewers or translators did not make errors. If necessary, repeated verification will take place, until there is consensus that the data are accurate. Interview materials will not be disseminated until this verification process has taken place. Report The knowledge collected during the course of the TK study will be integrated with the environmental studies being undertaken by project. The working group will develop the format and content of the report. The report will comprise a standalone technical document that summarizes the approach, methods and results of the TK study. Copies of the GIS database in formats and content compatible with the project’s data management system requirements will also be provided. In addition, hard copies of all relevant maps are required.

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3.6.2.6 Data Use and Ownership

Once agreement has been reached regarding the process for the TK study, the proponents expect permission to use the TK data without additional expense. This data will be required in the environmental and socio-economic impact assessments and mitigation plans related to the project. TK belongs to the individuals and communities that provided the information. Although the proponents wish to participate in the collecting and sharing of this knowledge, Inuvialuit organizations will be encouraged to retain ownership of the maps and reports that are produced.

3.6.3 Kinds of Traditional Knowledge to be Collected

The following traditional knowledge will be collected:

1. Climate – Conditions, Variability, Change

• Precipitation conditions • Wind conditions • Micro-climate temperatures • Seasonality of climate • Changes in air quality • Other______

2. Soil Conditions and Locations

• Permafrost conditions/changes • Salt/mineral licks • Traditional mineral use locations • Animal nesting, denning, calving areas • Other______

3. Hydrology and Hydrogeology

• River/stream conditions • Watershed effects • Water temperatures • Water quality, i.e., potable, colour, odour • Seasonal flow levels • Unusual flow levels • Underground or hydrogeological aquifers, locations, changes • Seasonal ice conditions • Other______

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4. Vegetation

• Abundance • Diversity • Animal forage • Food collection • Seasonal and timings issues • Traditional use, i.e., medicinal, ceremonial, construction, e.g., bark • Other______

5. Fisheries

• Abundance • Diversity • Habitat • Health • Spawning grounds • Seasonal/timings issues • Disturbances leading to avoidance behaviour • Special conditions • Other______

6. Birds

• Abundance • Diversity • Habitat • Health • Staging areas/flyways • Nesting grounds • Seasonal/timings issues • Disturbances leading to avoidance behaviour • Predator/prey relationships: movements, cycles • Special conditions • Other______

7. Wildlife

• Abundance • Diversity • Habitat • Health • Nesting/denning areas • Seasonal/timings issues

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• Disturbances leading to avoidance behaviour • Important movements, migration corridors, locations, e.g., salt licks, changes • Calving grounds • Predator/prey relationships: movements, cycles • Special conditions • Other______

8. Overall Environmental Degradation, Cumulative Effects and Long-Term Ecosystem Effects

9. Mitigation Recommendations, i.e., reducing impacts

10. Suggestions for Monitoring

11. Historical / Cultural / Spiritual Sites

• Old traditional camp sites • Old cabins and cabin sites • Burial sites • Trails • Sites having religious or spiritual significance • Other historical or spiritual locations • Stories and legends associated with place • Other ______

12. Human Health

• Preferred traditional foods • Quantity consumed • Quality of traditional foods • Recent changes in health • Other ______

13. Social and Cultural Retention Concerns

• Community, family relationship concerns • Cultural retention and transmission concerns

14. Economic Implications of Traditional Activity

• Value of income in kind • Cash income, i.e., trapping • Cash expenditure, i.e., equipment, fuel • Sustainability of the dual economy, i.e., economic, time requirements

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3.6.4 Draft Consent Form

This form is the same as the form provided in Section 3.5.5, Consent Form. It is modified for each TK working group.

3.7 Introductory Presentation

Following are the slides from the introductory presentation:

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4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

4.1 Introduction and Scope of Work

The goals of the public participation program are to ensure that:

• the requirements for public participation set out in Section 8 of the Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) are met, including:

• the methods used to identify, inform and solicit input to the EIS

• documentation of people who provided comments

• outcomes of public engagement

• how public engagement was used to identify issues, impact prediction and mitigation, and project design

• community issues and concerns about the project are consistently understood by the project proponents and the EIS assessment team

• concerns and issues are considered and addressed in the assessment process through management, mitigation measures or both

Effective public participation is integral to successfully developing and implementing the EIS. It demonstrates a sound appreciation of community-based knowledge and helps ensure that recommended mitigation measures are congruent with community capabilities and needs.

The three main objectives for the public participation program are to:

• provide project information in a timely and sincere manner to potentially affected and interested stakeholders to enable them to effectively engage with project proponents

• engage stakeholders in scoping project-related issues, defining effects and contributing to the development of mitigation measures to reduce effects

• discuss the assessment process with stakeholders

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4.1.1 Stakeholders

Stakeholders are people who express interest in project involvement, or who could be affected by the project. They are defined as:

• the general public who reside or work near the proposed project, and who will be physically affected by its construction or operations. The public includes those living in the defined pipeline corridor and those living in northern communities outside the corridor where effects might be experienced.

• northern organizations and groups that represent particular stakeholder groups who might be affected by or interested in the project. Included in this group are the leadership organizations from the potentially affected communities and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) based in the North.

• NGOs that have established interests in the cultural, social, biophysical or economic aspects of defined geographic areas or in activities potentially affected by the project

• government regulatory bodies that manage areas or activities potentially affected by the project

• businesses and business associations located in the defined pipeline corridor and those located in northern communities outside the corridor where economic effects might be experienced

4.1.2 Principles of the Public Participation Program

Nine principles were used to develop and implement the public participation program (see Table 4-1). Following these principles maintains the community focus of the program and ensures that the program is implemented consistently for all stakeholders.

4.1.3 Public Participation Team

The EIS public participation team was responsible for designing and completing the public participation program for the EIS. The team worked closely with the proponents’ consultation and communication team in developing and implementing participation opportunities for stakeholders. The proponents’ team was responsible for organizing and facilitating consultation activities, concerning:

• land access • benefits • engineering design • pipeline route • facility siting • employment opportunities

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Table 4-1: Principles of the Public Participation Program Principle Description Transparency and Stakeholders are readily able to determine the stage of the program at any openness time and to understand what is being done with their input. Transparency and openness allow them to participate effectively in the program when they choose. Responsiveness Input from stakeholders is solicited in a timely manner, to better address suggestions, issues and concerns. Sincerity and Input is addressed in a fair, constructive and consistent manner. consistency Flexibility The program is flexible, allowing it to evolve as participants become familiar with one another, their respective issues and the participation process. Timeliness Time limits, within which stakeholder inputs are registered, addressed and reported on, are reasonable. Respect Participants’ diverse interests, values and knowledge are respected. Representativeness People with a diverse range of interests, including different demographic, cultural, community and regional interests, are identified and encouraged to be actively involved in the assessment process. Information exchange Information between stakeholders and the assessment team is continuously exchanged. Stakeholders who are informed about the project can help define effects. Further, given their knowledge of the local environment, they can help determine ways to effectively manage effects. Commitment to The ways in which project goals and objectives are reviewed, and results resolving issues implemented, are clearly indicated.

The EIS public participation team also worked with the proponents as they initiated and maintained community relations with the communities affected by the project.

The proponents established regional offices for consultation and communication activities. The proponents hired community representatives in potentially affected communities to support the work of the regional offices and assist the EIS public participation team.

An on-site team was assembled for each visit to a region or a community. Members of the on-site team were selected to provide a mix of expertise, allowing them to respond knowledgeably to the concerns and questions of the communities. Individuals were also placed on the team to gather information to complete the impact assessment. The on-site teams included representatives for the:

• project proponents • engineering consultants • EIS consultants

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4.1.4 Issues Management System

A computer-based issues management system was used to track the comments of individuals and organizations. The recorded comments provided a source of information used by the assessment team to define concerns from the stakeholder perspective, and devise mitigation measures. This information was complementary to feedback received directly from the stakeholders through their participation in activities. The issues management system was also used to track where and how stakeholder concerns and questions were addressed in the EIS.

Stakeholder comments were documented on a record of contact form. Comments were received through meetings, open houses and telephone calls. Comments received during workshops are documented in proceedings. Information recorded on the form included:

• region and community where the contact took place • date of contact • stakeholder group or individual • summary of the concern • resolution plan and follow-up

The information was entered in a computer database, allowing information access by subject, person, date, location or other characteristics. Only authorized personnel had access to the database.

Stakeholder concerns are presented region by region and by issue category, showing the stakeholder group or groups that raised the concern and the link to the EIS section where the identified concerns are addressed. Summaries of contacts have been provided up to the end of February 2004.

4.2 Public Participation Program

4.2.1 Organization of this Section

This section provides an introduction and overview of the public participation program that was followed. It is mostly organized by region. The regions are in the order in which they are located in the Mackenzie Valley from north to south, beginning with the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and the Gwich’in Settlement Area, followed by the Sahtu Settlement Area and the Deh Cho Region. Information for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and the Gwich’in Settlement Area is presented in one subsection because joint regional workshops were held for the two regions.

The discussion for each region begins with a summary of community participation activities in each community, followed by summaries of the regional workshops.

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Subsequent subsections present information about participation activities with nongovernment organizations, northwestern Alberta and other stakeholder groups.

4.2.2 Public Participation Program Process

The public participation program followed a community-based process. It provided stakeholders with opportunities to register their perceptions about the project. The opportunities reflected, as much as possible, the ways in which stakeholders meet to exchange information. The opportunities were designed to take into account the needs, capabilities and schedules of the communities involved, and included:

• interviews • group meetings • community dinners • open houses • workshops • field visits by EIS discipline experts

Acknowledging stakeholders and respecting the ways that stakeholders currently communicate reinforced people’s comfort with registering their input. As much as possible, members of the public participation team built on relationships they had developed with individual stakeholders during interchanges throughout the public participation program.

The public participation program entailed two main rounds of activity:

• Round 1 – identifying and scoping issues • Round 2 – assessing and limiting effects

Follow-up meetings are planned with communities interested in meeting to review the regulatory submission.

Figure 4-1 illustrates the public participation activities that occurred during each round. Rounds 1 and 2 included meetings with individual communities, followed by regional workshops. Adjustments to this approach were made to the overall schedule of the EIS and in response to regional preferences. Follow-up after the regulatory submission is only planned with individual communities.

The community-based participation program was followed in all of the settlement regions in the Mackenzie Valley, including the:

• Inuvialuit Settlement Region • Gwich’in Settlement Area • Sahtu Settlement Area • Deh Cho Region

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EIS Data Collection

Round 1 Issue Identification and Scoping Individual Community Meetings

EIS Technical Workshop I

Round 2 Effect Assessment Individual Community Meetings and Mitigation

EIS Technical Workshop II

Followup Review of EIS Individual Community Meetings (where requested)

Figure 4-1: Rounds in the Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation Process In addition, the participation process was initiated in northwestern Alberta, in particular with the Dene Tha’ First Nation. The participation process was preceded by planning activities, such as developing the baseline inventory for the biophysical and socio-economic environments throughout the study area. Activities referred to in the Preliminary Information Package involved many meetings with community representatives throughout the four regions. Meetings served to: • introduce the study • arrange for field study permits • gather and verify baseline information Community participation activities were not restricted to those described previously. Initiatives by the individual project proponents to fulfill their community relations commitments provided additional opportunities for project representatives to interact with the communities. Page 4-6 August 2004

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Table 4-2 identifies when participation activities were held in each of the four regions.

Table 4-2: Timing of Public Participation Activities Administrative Region Activities Round 1 Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Community meetings Nov. 18 – 19, 2002 Nov. 25, 2003 Region Dec. 3 – 4, 2002 Jan. 22, 23, 2004 Workshops1 Apr. 8 – 9, 2003 Feb. 3 – 4, 2004 Gwich’in Settlement Area Community meetings Nov. 20 – 26, 2002 Nov. 26, 27, 2003 Jan. 19 – 22, Feb 5, 2004 Workshops1 Apr. 8 – 9, 2003 Feb. 3 – 4, 2004 Sahtu Settlement Area Community meetings Feb 24 – 25, 2003 Feb. 16 – 20, 2004 Apr. 15 – 16, 2003 Mar. 11 – 13, 2003 Workshop and June 4 – 5, 2003 Dec. 3 – 4, 2003a regional meetings May 11 – 12, 2004b Deh Cho Region Community meetings Aug. – Sept, 2003 Feb. 9 – 26, 2004 Workshops Oct. 1 – 2, 2003 May 17 – 18, 2004 Nongovernment Workshops Dec. 9 – 10, 2003 Mar. 22 – 24, 2004 organizations NOTES: 1 Joint Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area workshops were held a Event was an information session b Event was a confirmation meeting

Additional public participation activities were held with other stakeholder groups, including nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and stakeholder groups in northwestern Alberta. Two workshops were organized for representatives of NGOs, and initial engagement meetings were held with the Dene Tha’ First Nations in northwestern Alberta. 4.2.2.1 Round 1 – Identifying and Scoping Issues Key representatives in each of the communities were contacted to initiate the Round 1 activities. Requests were made to meet with community members to introduce the project and to identify community concerns. During these meetings, attention was given to the proposed assessment process and the ways in which local communities could participate. Particular attention was given to the process of selecting community representatives to attend regional workshops. Community Meetings Meeting Formats Community visits included different kinds of meetings and sessions with individual associations. The key meetings in Round 1 were held with band and municipal councils. These meetings focused on assuring local decision makers August 2004 Page 4-7

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that public participation activities would be carried out in their communities only with their knowledge and consent. The public participation team also gathered input about the assessment process and issues to be addressed in the EIS. Open houses and presentations were held for the community at large. They were frequently convened around a meal and allowed the entire community to learn about the project and offer input. Meetings with individual associations and groups allowed for more detailed conversation between local representatives and assessment team members regarding interests unique to the specific association or group. Individual meetings were held with a range of associations, including hunters’ and trappers’ committees, renewable resources committees, Elder committees, youth councils, and regional and community corporations. Combining different meeting formats and groups demonstrated respect for the diverse interests, values and knowledge in the community. Community meetings were adapted to respond to community interests and the sensitivity of any given community to specific issues.

Meeting Records Meeting notes were made of all discussions and recorded in the database. If people were not able to attend any of the meetings, they could still acquire more information and register their issues through the regional project offices. People who did attend the meetings, but wanted to register additional concerns, were encouraged to do so through the regional project offices. All concerns registered were forwarded to engineering designers and senior management through the database management system. Issues and concerns registered by stakeholders are presented in summary tables for each region. The tables show the information received during community visits to the end of February 2003 and include the outcomes of the two rounds of visits.

Meeting Presentations Various print and electronic formats were used to present information at the community meetings, including:

• pamphlets • pictures • posters • oral presentations • videos

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Issues Scoping The project assessment team reviewed the project description with community representatives. Based on this review, the assessment team worked with communities to clarify the issues of concern. Through this initial step, communities obtained a basic understanding of:

• what the project entailed • possible implications of the project for them • the process by which these implications would be refined and assessed The communities were also informed about how they could participate in the ongoing study of the project. The scoping process provided the project assessment team with an understanding and appreciation for the attributes of the environments and lifestyles that residents in the regions identified as important. This information helped define and refine the team’s environmental focus and assessment. Regional Workshops An EIS technical workshop was held for each of the four regions of the Mackenzie Valley following completion of the community meetings. A joint workshop was held for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area. The workshops brought together representatives from:

• communities across the region • regulatory agencies • the project

Issues that arose during discussions at each community were brought forward for discussion at the workshop. The workshop provided the opportunity to develop a better appreciation of the project and its potential effects, and to clarify which issues were common or unique across the different groups. The feedback provided was part of the review of the socio-economic impact assessment (SEIA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA) process, highlighting the ways that regional and local input contributed to the assessment process.

Workshop Attendance

Each community was asked to select individuals to attend the workshop on the community’s behalf. The representatives were responsible for raising community concerns and suggestions, and for reporting workshop experiences back to their communities. The community representatives were asked to participate for two days. They received reimbursement for travel and accommodation expenses, and a fee for participation. August 2004 Page 4-9

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The number of representatives from each community was determined through consultation between community leaders and project representatives. Consideration was given to the specific topics being discussed and the demonstrated level of community interest.

Invitations to the workshops were sent to the federal and territorial agencies that have regulatory responsibilities associated with review of the project application. Agencies invited included:

• Canadian Environment Assessment Agency

• Environment Canada

• Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO)

• Indian and Northern Affairs Canada’s Pipeline Preparedness Office

• National Energy Board (NEB)

• Parks Canada

• Government of Northwest Territories (GNWT) Education, Culture and Employment

• GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs

• GNWT Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development (RWED)

• GNWT Health and Social Services

• Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board

• regional land and water boards

Invitations were also extended to six NGOs:

• Canadian Arctic Resources Committee • Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society • Ducks Unlimited • Ecology North • Pembina Institute • World Wildlife Fund Workshop Format To help participants prepare for the workshops, attendees were sent an information package, including a brief project description, and registration and accommodation instructions. The package also contained a preliminary list of Page 4-10 August 2004

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possible effects that the project might have on the physical and biological environments of the attendees’ regions, and a description of the effects of the project on the social and economic aspects of their communities. The possible effects of the project were defined through the community meetings and field studies that collected baseline information. Materials were distributed as much in advance as possible. The information package was usually delivered five to 10 days before the workshop. It is recognized that attendees sometimes had limited time to review the materials because of the logistical complexities of assembling and delivering the materials. Attendees were asked to review the potential effects, determine if the effects were community issues and consider the following two questions:

• Have all the important issues been identified for each region? • If not, what issues need to be added?

The workshops consisted of a mix of plenary sessions and small group discussions. The opening plenary session began with a welcome and a prayer, introductions and a review of the format for the next two days. The opening activities were followed by an introduction to the project proponents, and descriptions of the project components. The opening plenary session ended with a review of the process used to assess the environmental and socio-economic effects and the various ways in which regional and local input contributed to this assessment. Translation services were provided at each workshop.

Small Group Discussions

The two days mostly consisted of facilitated small-group discussions. At registration, workshop attendees were assigned to groups of eight to 12 individuals, with as even a mix of interests across the groups as possible.

A member of the on-site team facilitated discussions for each group. A meeting recorder, also a member of the team, was assigned to each group. Recorded notes were augmented by comments recorded by the facilitator on flip charts.

The group discussions were based on the preliminary lists of effects distributed before the workshop. Before breaking into small groups, workshop attendees were asked again to consider if the effects were issues, if the lists were accurate and complete and, if necessary, to add to the lists. They were instructed to discuss the issues on these lists as thoroughly as necessary in the time allotted.

Throughout the workshop, project proponents, technical specialists and design engineers were present to act as information resources. They moved from group to group to answer questions and support specific conversations.

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Recording and Reporting Proceedings

The small group discussions allowed issues to be verified and discussed in detail, and information gaps to be identified. Reports from the small groups were shared with all attendees three times during the two days. Attendees selected by their group presented the reports.

The workshop concluded with a brief summary of the information provided by the attendees, and a description of how this input would be addressed as part of the assessment process. Attendees were informed of future opportunities for their continued participation in the assessment.

Proceedings of the workshop were completed and provided to everyone invited to the workshop. They were also made available to anyone who requested a copy.

4.2.2.2 Round 2 –Assessing and Mitigating Effects

The public participation program for Round 2 followed the approach established in Round 1. Meetings were held at the community level and the results from these discussions were brought forward to a regional workshop.

During Round 1 of the participation program, participants developed familiarity with the project and its possible effects. Round 2 built on this initial understanding. Participants who were active through both rounds generally became more articulate about their concerns and more specific in describing what they needed to know about the project, the kinds of effects they anticipate and what they expected in terms of mitigation.

Community Meetings

As of May 31, 2004, meetings for EIS public participation had been held in each of the communities in the four regions that are near proposed project facilities or have the potential to be affected by project activities. The exception was the Deh Cho Region, where meetings were held with communities outside the corridor only, although the corridor communities did have representatives present at the Round 2 workshop.

The meetings focused on the definition of project effects and suggested ways in which these effects could be managed, either to reduce or prevent negative effects or to enhance positive effects. Similar to Round 1, a combination of meetings was arranged for each community to support a range of stakeholder interests.

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Regional Workshops

For each regional workshop, community representatives were brought to a central community in their region to participate in facilitated discussions. The purpose of these discussions was to:

• share the input gathered during the preceding community meetings

• provide project assessors with the opportunity to present and verify their effect hypotheses

• support the potential for consensus among the attendees about the effects identified

• encourage community representatives to identify and discuss the level of importance that they associate with the possible project effects

• discuss ways in which the various effects could be effectively managed

The workshops followed the design and format established in Round 1, where a combination of plenary and small group sessions were organized. Proceedings from completed workshops were prepared and distributed.

Addressing Effects and Suggested Mitigation Measures

Considerable effort was made to record and respond to the information provided by stakeholders. Results of meetings and discussions were conveyed back to the project proponents and to the EIS team for their review and consideration. In particular, possible project effects and mitigation measures suggested by attendees at the Round 2 regional workshops are referenced to the section of the EIS where they are addressed. This documentation complements the referencing to the EIS of concerns that were raised at individual community meetings described. Whereas all suggestions were considered, not all will be necessarily endorsed or implemented by the proponent. Considerations about cost, technical feasibility, safety, mandate, among others factors, limit the extent to which the proponents can act on suggested mitigation measures.

Most comments and suggestions raised by the stakeholders are addressed in the EIS, either directly or in the context of the discussion of assessment and mitigation measures for each effect. Some are not addressed and are referenced in the tables as N/A, i.e., not applicable. These suggestions and mitigation measures might be addressed in other regulatory documents prepared by the proponents, or they might entail broad interventions by government and be beyond the scope of the EIS.

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4.2.2.3 Follow-up Activities – Reviewing EIS Draft

Meetings will be held with individual communities once the EIS has been filed. The purpose of these follow-up activities will be to discuss with the communities how their input was used during preparation of the EIS. Meetings will only be arranged on the request of the communities.

4.3 Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area

4.3.1 Community Meetings in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region

4.3.1.1 Round 1 Meetings

The EIS Public Participation Team visited Aklavik and Tuktoyaktuk during Round 1 of the participation program. The proponents also visited:

• Sachs Harbour • Holman • Paulatuk

Aklavik and Tuktoyaktuk will be the communities most directly affected by the project because they are near the proposed project area. Although Sachs Harbour, Holman and Paulatuk are not near the project, there is still potential for them to be affected. These communities were invited to send representatives from their key leadership organizations to participate in the community meetings in Tuktoyaktuk.

Table 4-3 provides information on the groups and organizations met from each community.

Table 4-3: Round 1 Public Participation Activities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (2002)

Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholders Contacts Aklavik Nov. 18 – 19, 2002 Individual stakeholder • Community Corporation meeting • Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Elders Committee • Ehdiittat Gwich’in Renewable Resource Council • Indian Band Council Nov. 19, 2002 Open House • Community at large Tuktoyaktuk Dec. 3 – 4, 2002 Individual stakeholder • Community Corporation meeting • Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Elders Committee • Three long-time residents of Tuktoyaktuk Dec. 4, 2002 Open House • Community at large

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4.3.1.2 Round 2 Meetings

Round 2 of the public participation program began in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in November 2003. Community meetings were again held in Tuktoyaktuk and Aklavik and included focused meetings with representatives of the leadership organizations, similar to meetings in Round 1. Table 4-4 presents a summary of the meetings held during Round 2. Open houses were also arranged for the communities at large. In January 2004, a meeting was held in Inuvik, to which representatives from the outlying communities of Paulatuk, Holman and Sachs Harbour were invited.

Table 4-4: Round 2 Community Meetings in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholders Contacts Tuktoyaktuk Nov. 25, 2003 Multi-organizational • Elders Committee discussion • Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation Nov.25, 2003 Community dinner and • Community at large open house Aklavik Jan. 23, 2004 Multi-organizational • Aklavik Community Corporation discussion • Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Aklavik Elders Committee • Aklavik Royal Canadian Mounted Police • Paulatuk Elders Committee • Paulatuk Community Corporation • Paulatuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Sachs Harbour Elders Committee • Sachs Harbour Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Sachs Harbour Community Corporation • Holman Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Holman Community Corporation • Holman Elders Committee Jan 23, 2004 Community dinner and • Community at large open house

4.3.1.3 Issues Raised

Table 4-5 summarizes the concerns and issues raised during meetings and open houses in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. The table shows the issue category under which the comment was recorded, the concern that was raised, the stakeholder groups that raised the concern, and where in the EIS this concern is addressed. These issues and concerns were recorded on the records of contact form. The contact form includes the results of meetings with community organizations and comments from community members. In several instances, similar concerns or issues were raised by a variety of stakeholders at different meetings. Additional comments might have been received by telephone or follow- up discussions after the visits to the communities and are included in the table.

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Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Biophysical Environment Archaeology Research and consult on possibility Meeting: Socio-economic data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 • V4, S7 of Inuvialuit artifacts in construction areas Biophysical Commitments made to make Meeting: Wildlife Management Advisory Committee: 2001-Jun-11 • V1, S4 presentation on biophysical data • V7, S4, S6 collection in Inuvialuit Settlement Region and to involve community Phone: Environmental baseline data – Inuvialuit Land representatives in all survey and Administration, Tuktoyaktuk: 2003-Jun-25 future biophysical work Fish and aquatic Consult with community about Meeting: Consultation with Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ • V5, S7 habitat potential impact on aquatic habitat Committee: 2001-May-28 Hydrology Collect data and consult regarding Phone: Dredging and disposal in the Beaufort Sea: 2003-Nov-26 • V5,S5 hydrographic survey and historical Phone: Hydrographic surveys in the Mackenzie Delta: dredging and disposal practices 2003-Dec-05 Land and Consult regarding potential sources Meeting: Community consultation, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jun-17 • V6, S7 resource use of gravel for use in construction Meeting: Economic effects, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-17 and road maintenance, and potential changes in community use of local resources Mitigation and Formulate an environmental impact Meeting: Northern routing team in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region: • V5, S3, S4, S6, S7, S8, environmental mitigation strategy, taking into 2002-Aug-10 S9, S10 protection account pipeline route, • V7, S3, S4 geographical features, wildlife habitats, hunting and recreation areas, and physical structures Noise Impact of potential noise (such as Meeting: Consultation with Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ • V5, S3 air traffic) on the community, Committee: 2001-May-28 • V6, S7, S5 wildlife and harvesters Meeting: Consultation with Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2002-Dec-03

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Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Permits Maintain contact with communities Phone: Discussion with Inuvialuit Land Administration: 2003-Apr-17 • V7, S3 to resolve permitting application issues quickly and effectively Spills and upsets Research long-term effects of Meeting: Discussion about schools, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-18 • V5, S6, S8 project and consult on potential for Meeting: Baseline data collection and verification, Tuktoyaktuk: spills and mitigation measures 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Vegetation and Provide communities with Meeting: Consultation workshop, Tuktoyaktuk: 2003-Feb-11 • V7, S3 reclamation information regarding land reclamation strategies Wildlife Consult and collect data regarding Meeting: Consultation with Inuvialuit Regional Corp: 2002-Nov-22 • V5, S10 impacts on wildlife, such as Meeting: Inuvialuit Settlement Region Traditional Knowledge migratory patterns working group: 2003-Apr-11 Meeting: Baseline Data verification – Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 Baseline data verification – Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation and Elders: 2002-Dec-03 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committees: 2002-Dec-03 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Open House: 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Renewable Resource Harvesting – Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Community Consultation: 2002-Jun-17 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Workshop: Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee, Elders and Community Corporation: 2003-Feb-11 Spring waterfowl surveys need to Meeting: Wildlife Management Advisory Committee: 2001-Jun-11 • V5, S10 be conducted in conjunction with Canadian Wildlife Services Familiarize communities with Meeting: Consultation with Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ • V5, S10.2 methods for studying wildlife and Committee: 2001-Oct-29 habitats

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Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Socio-economic Environment Community Continue to collect data and study Meeting: Traditional Knowledge work in the Inuvialuit Settlement • V4, S4 well-being potential impacts on community Region: 2003-Aug-12 • V6, S5 well-being Meeting: Child Protection Services: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: RCMP Concerns in Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-18 Collect data on community Meeting: School facilities in Inuvialuit Settlement Region: • V4, S4 well-being as it relates to potential 2002-Jul-18 • V6, S4, S5 overcrowding of facilities Employment Keep communities informed of Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 • V6, S2, S3 opportunities present and future project-related Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 employment opportunities Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-06 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation and Elders Committee: 2002-Dec-03 Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Baseline data collection, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Consult regarding potential effects Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: • V6, S3 of project employment on youth 2002-Dec-03 Meeting: Child Protection Services: 2002-Jul-17 • V4, S4 • V6, S5 Meeting: RCMP concerns in Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-18 Family Collect data on families in Inuvialuit Meeting: Baseline data collection, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-13 • V4, S4 relationships Settlement Region

Health, policing Collect data on community policing Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 • V4, S4 and social activities and programs Meeting: RCMP concerns, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-18 services

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Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Health, policing Collect data on community health Meeting: Diabetes facts and concerns, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-13 • V4, S4 and social and social programs Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 services (cont’d) Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-13 Meeting: Child Protection Services: 2002-Jul-17 Physical Provide community with information Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation and Elders • V2, S2 infrastructure regarding project design and Committee: 2003-Nov-25 construction Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2003-Jun-02 Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Discuss possible expansion of road Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2003-Nov-25 • V4, S3 access in the region Public Continue process of engaging Meeting: Inuvialuit Regional Corporation: 2002-Nov-22 • V1, S4 participation communities in public consultation Phone: Inuvialuit Community Resource Council: 2002-Oct-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge and Inuvialuit Game Council: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge and Inuvialuit Game Council: 2002-Dec-12 Meeting: Communications Initiative: 2003-Aug-11 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 Meeting: Gruben Transportation Ltd.: 2002-Jul-1 Meeting: Inuvialuit Game Council: 2003-Sep-25 Address community request for Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2001- • V1, S4 interpreters and translators to help Oct-29 Elders understand meetings Continue to review and revise Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2003-Jun-02 • V1, S4 public consultation strategies and methods

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Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Social effects Collect data and consult regarding Meeting: Policing problems, Yellowknife: 2002-Dec-06 • V4, S2, S3, S4 potential project-related social Meeting: Data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 • V6, S5 effects Meeting: Data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Community member interview: 2002-Dec-04 Meeting: Conditions in Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: Economic effects, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-17 Collect data on possible social Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation and Elders • V6, S5 impact on youth Committee: 2002-Dec-03 Traditional Consult and collect data on Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-03 • V4, S5 culture potential effects on traditional Meeting: Traditional Knowledge and Inuvialuit Community • V6, S6 culture Resource Council: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk community consultation: 2002-Jun-17 Traditional Continue to review and revise Phone: Traditional Knowledge and Inuvialuit Community Resource • V1, S3 Knowledge terms and methodology of Inuvialuit Council: 2002-Jul-05 • V6, S6 Traditional Knowledge study Phone: Traditional Knowledge and Inuvialuit Community Resource

Council: 2002-Jul-05 Meeting: Inuvialuit Settlement Region Traditional Knowledge Study Working Group: 2003-Apr-11 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Inuvialuit Community Resource Council: 2002-Aug-16 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region: 2003-Aug-12 Phone: Traditional Knowledge: Inuvialuit Regional Corporation and Inuvialuit Community Resource Council: 2003-Feb-25 Meeting: Inuvialuit Settlement Region Traditional Knowledge Working Group: 2003-Oct-11

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Table 4-5: Issues from Communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Traditional Continue to review and revise Phone: Traditional Knowledge: Tuktoyaktuk Community Knowledge terms and methodology of Inuvialuit Corporation: 2003-Apr-23 (cont’d) Traditional Knowledge study Meeting: Traditional Knowledge Working Group, Tuktoyaktuk: (cont’d) 2002-Nov-07 Phone: Teleconference with Inuvialuit Community Resource Council: 2002-Oct-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge: Inuvialuit Game Council: 2002- Jun-15 Keep communities up-to-date on Meeting: Traditional Knowledge: Inuvialuit Game Council: • V1, S3 progress of Traditional Knowledge 2002-Sep-25 studies Meeting: Traditional Knowledge: Inuvialuit Game Council: 2002- Dec-12 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation: 2002-Aug-08 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge Presentation to Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2002-Aug-26 Meeting: Inuvialuit Game Council: 2003-Sep-25 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-03 Discuss roles and responsibilities Phone: Traditional Knowledge meeting with Inuvialuit Resource • V1, S3 of community individuals and Council and Inuvialuit Community Resource Council: 2003-Feb-26 organizations in the Traditional Knowledge study Training and Keep communities informed of Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Dec-05 • V6, S3, S5 education possible project-related training Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-06 programs and initiatives Meeting: Baseline data verification, Paulatuk: 2002-Dec-05 Meeting: Economic effects, Tuktoyaktuk: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: Tuktoyaktuk Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2001- Oct-29 Consult with communities Meeting: Open house, Tuktoyaktuk: 2003-Nov-25 • V1, S4 regarding existing education • V6, S5 facilities

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4.3.2 Community Meetings in the Gwich’in Settlement Area

4.3.2.1 Round 1 Meetings

The communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area visited during Round 1 included:

• Inuvik • Fort McPherson • Tsiigehtchic

See Table 4-6 for details about the meetings with Gwich’in groups and organizations.

Table 4-6: Round 1 Public Participation Activities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area, 2002

Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholders Contacts Inuvik Nov. 20 – 22, 2002 Individual stakeholder meeting • Community Corporation • Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Elders Committee • Nihtat Gwich’in Council Nov. 20, 2002 Open house • Community at large Fort Nov. 25, 2002 Individual stakeholder meeting • Tetlit Gwich’in Council McPherson Nov. 25, 2002 Open house • Community at large Tsiigehtchic Nov. 26, 2002 Individual stakeholder meeting • Gwichya Gwich’in Band Council Nov. 26, 2002 Open house • Community at large

4.3.2.2 Round 2 Meetings

The same communities were visited again in January 2004, during Round 2.

Meetings were held with the leadership organizations and open houses were arranged for the community at large. See Table 4-7 for details about these meetings.

4.3.2.3 Issues Raised

Table 4-8 summarizes the concerns and issues raised during meetings and open houses in the Gwich’in Settlement Area.

4.3.3 Issues Raised in Meetings with Joint Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Representation

The communities of Aklavik and Inuvik are home for both Inuvialuit and Gwich’in. Table 4-9 summarizes comments from visits to these communities that could not be attributed to specific Inuvialuit or Gwich’in organizations. The

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comments are all specific to the socio-economic environment. Biophysical issues that were raised are tied to the land claims and refer to the defined areas of each settlement region. Consequently, biophysical issues are recorded under the listing of issues specific to the Inuvialuit Settlement Region or to the Gwich’in Settlement Area.

Table 4-7: Round 2 Community Meetings in the Gwich’in Settlement Area

Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholders Contacts Inuvik Nov. 26 – 27, 2003 Individual stakeholder meetings • Inuvik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee • Gwich’in Tribal Council • Inuvik Interagency Committee Nov. 26, 2003 Community dinner and open • Community at large house Jan. 19, 2004 Individual stakeholder meetings • Nihtat Gwich’in Council Board Members Jan. 20, 2004 Dinner and open house • Nihtat Gwich’in Council • Inuvik Native Band Community Tsiigehtchic Jan. 21, 2004 Community dinner and open • Community at large house Jan. 22, 2004 Multi-organizational discussion • Gwichya Gwich’in Band • Renewable Resource Council • Tsiigehtchic Housing • Tsiigehtchic Métis Council Fort Feb. 5, 2004 Multi-organizational discussion • Justice Committee McPherson • Peel River Alcohol Society • Chief Julius School • Tetlit Band • Tetlit Gwich’in Council Feb. 5, 2004 Community dinner and open • Community at large house Aklavik Jan. 22, 2004 Individual stakeholder meeting • Ehdiitat Gwich’in Council Jan. 23, 2004 Community dinner and open • Community at large house

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Biophysical Environment Air quality Discuss potential effects on air Meeting: GNWT RWED, Inuvik: 2001-Nov-28 • V5, S2 quality and possible mitigation strategy Archaeology Consult with community Phone: Traditional Knowledge and archaeology, • V6, S8 organizations regarding scope and Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Aug-20 • V1, S3 terms of archaeology work, and process for avoiding burial sites Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Nov-26 Phone: Heritage assessment: 2003-Nov-19 Biophysical Continue to provide information Meeting: Inuvialuit Regional Corporation: 2001-Jun-11 • V1, S4 regarding nature of biophysical Meeting: Gwich’in Development Corporation: 2001-Jun-12 work Give community organization Phone: Gwich’in permit applications: 2003-Apr-23 • V1, S4 necessary contact information to get answers to biophysical study questions Climate change Address community concerns Meeting: Gwich’in Nihtat Renewable Resource Council: • V5, S11 about potential pipeline contribution 2002-Nov-04 to climate change Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2002-Nov-25 Meeting: Tsiigehtchic Band Council: 2002-Nov-26 Fisheries and Research and collect data on Meeting: Nihtat Band Council and Renewable Resource Council: • V5, S7 aquatic habitat possible effects on fish populations 2001-Jul-17 and aquatic habitat, including Meeting: Nihtat Inuvik Renewable Resource Council: 2001-Jul-23 effects of electro-fishing Meeting: Routing team in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Aug- 20 Meeting: Community meeting, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Jun-13 Meeting: Gwichya Gwich’in Renewable Resource Council: 2001-Jul-21 Phone: Routing concerns, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Jan-13

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Land and Consult with communities Meeting: Land servicing, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-24 • V6, S6, S7 resource use regarding land servicing Phone: Land and resource use, Inuvik: 2003-Jan-27 capabilities, resource use, preservation of traditional lands Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Nov-26 and misuse of right-of-way to Meeting: Tsiigehtchic Band Council: 2002-Nov-26 access local fish Mitigation and Consult with communities Meeting: Routing in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Aug-17 • V7, S3 environmental regarding strategies for mitigating Meeting: Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee, Community protection project effects Corporation and Elders’ Committee: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: Routing team in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Aug-20 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Nov-26 Meeting: Tsiigehtchic Band Council: 2002-Nov-26 Noise Address community concerns Meeting: Gwich’in Nihtat Renewable Resource Council: • V5, S3 regarding effects of potential noise 2002-Nov-04 increase Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-18 Phone: Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre – archaeology permits: 2002-Jun-11 Permits Continue to discuss permitting Phone: Tetlit Renewable Resource Council: 2003-Mar-11 • V7, S3 concerns and keep communities Phone: Gwich’in Land Association permit extensions: 2003-Oct-01 informed of process Phone: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge permits: 2003-Oct-23 Phone: Permit applications: Gwich’in: 2003-Apr-23 Phone: Tsiigehtchic permits: 2003-Feb-14 Soils and Collect data and consult regarding Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Renewable Resource Council: • V3, S8 landforms annual freeze and thaw to reduce 2001-Nov-06 • V5, S8 effects on permafrost; sinkholes Meeting: Public meeting, Fort McPherson: 2002-Jun-13 and erosion effects on landforms Meeting: Community meeting, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Jun-13 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Feb-10 Spills and upsets Consult regarding possible spills Meeting: Open house, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-19 • V5, S6, S8 and upsets Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2002-Nov-25

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Vegetation and Consult with communities on Meeting: Open house, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-19 • V7, S2 reclamation clearing practices and intentions Provide communities with detailed Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2003-Jun-05 • V5 S9 information regarding pipeline • V7, S3, S4 longevity and strategies for reclamation and restoration Wildlife Consult regarding impacts on Meeting: Gwich’in Nihtat Renewable Resource Council: • V5, S10 wildlife migratory patterns and 2002-Nov-04 habitat, health (noting thinner Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2002-Nov-25 geese), effects of tourism on wildlife Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2003-Feb-09 Phone: Land and resource use, Inuvik: 2003-Jan-27 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Nov-26 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Feb-10 Concerns regarding species of Meeting: GNWT RWED, Inuvik: 2001-Nov-28 • V5, S10 concern such as grizzly bear, polar bear, moose, caribou and furbearers Socio-economic Environment Business Keep communities informed about Meeting: Fieldwork discussion with Gwich’in representatives: • V6, S3 opportunities potential business opportunities 2002-Jul-15 and allow the opportunity to bid on Meeting: Fort McPherson public meeting: 2002-Jun-13 the work Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Renewable Resource Council: 2001-Jul-25 Meeting: Gwich’in Development Corporation: 2001-Jun-12 Meeting: Gwich’in Negotiating Team: 2003-Dec-18 Meeting: Nihtat Band Council, Inuvik Regional Resource Council: 2001-Jul-17 Consult regarding community Meeting: Aklavik Métis Local 56: 2002-Jul-18 • V6, S3 vision for business development Meeting: Gwich’in Negotiating Team: 2003-Dec-18 • V1, S4 with respect to relationships and interactions with government and community; nature of project- related business opportunities

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Business Community would like to be Meeting: Gwich’in Development Corporation: 2001-Jun-12 • V6, S3 opportunities included on all future bid lists, even (cont’d) if they do not have direct resources, as they will look to include others and want a commitment to use local companies Camps Concerns need to be addressed Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Feb-10 • V6, S4, S5 regarding possible effects on the community of the close proximity of construction camps Discuss the details and logistics of Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2004-Jan-21 • V6, S2, S4 camps with the communities Community Consult regarding impact of the Meeting: RCMP regarding social concerns: 2002-Jul-18 • V6, S5 well-being project on community well-being Meeting: Mackenzie Delta Social Service programs: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Housing availability, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-25 Meeting: Mayor of Inuvik: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Social changes, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-26 Meeting: Social changes, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-26 Consult with communities about Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2003-Feb-09 • V6, S5 mitigation programs and strategies Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Feb-10 to address concerns such as substance abuse, increase in Meeting: Gwich’in Negotiating Team: 2003-Dec-18 transient population, and other Meeting: Child protection program and implementation: project-related impacts 2002-Jun-26 Discuss efforts between community Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2004-Jan-21 • V6, S5 organizations and project to maintain and improve quality of life in the communities Employment Consult with and keep the Phone: Discussion with Gwich’in SCI re Traditional Knowledge in • V6, S2, S3 opportunities community informed well before the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Nov-08 short- and long-term employment Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-18 opportunities and strategies Meeting: Gwich’in Nihtat Regional Resource Council: 2002-Nov-04

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Employment Consult with and keep the Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council – Opportunities for Gwich’in: • V6, S3 opportunities community informed well before 2002-Oct-24 (cont’d) short- and long-term employment Meeting: Fieldwork discussion with Gwich’in representatives:

opportunities and strategies 2002-Jul-15 (cont’d) Meeting: Traditional Knowledge Methodology in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Jun-18 Meeting: Ehdiitat Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: 2001-Nov-09 Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council – Ikhil Routing: 2003-Nov-27 Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Council: 2004-Jan-20 Meeting: Ehdiitat Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: Open house, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-19 Meeting: Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee, Community Corporation and Elders’ Council: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: Aklavik Band Council: 2002-Nov-19 Meeting: Harvesting Data, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Ehdiitat Gwich’in Council, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Phone: SEIA employment, Colville Lake: 2002-Jul-31 Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2002-Nov-25 Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Regional Resource Council, Fort McPherson: 2002-Jul-31 Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2003-Jun-05 Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 Meeting: GNWT Education, Culture and Employment programs, Inuvik region: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Public meeting, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-12 Meeting: Nihtat Regional Resource Council: 2002-Jun-12 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Jun-05

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Employment Need for equal opportunities for all Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-22 • V6, S3 opportunities communities (cont’d) Continue to discuss scope of local Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council – Opportunities for Gwich’in: • V1, S4 assistant hiring programs with 2002-Oct-23 community organizations, and use Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-25 of local researchers and service companies Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 Consider and discuss effect of the Meeting: Gwich’in Band Council, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-18 • V6, S3 project on the local economy Consult regarding the relationship Meeting: Education data, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 • V6, S3, S5 between educational infrastructure and industry-related employment opportunities Consult regarding continuity of Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-25 • V6, S3, S5 project-related employment; Meeting: Focus group, Fort McPherson: 2004-Feb-05 potential problems related to project employment Family Consult with the community on Meeting: GNWT HSS, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-12 • V6, S5 relationships effects of the project on families Human health Consult regarding possible effects Meeting: GNWT HSS, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 • V6, S5 of the project on general health, the Meeting: Public health conditions, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-19 rise in incidents of cancer, increase in communicable diseases, Meeting: Harvesting data, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 possible programs or initiatives to Meeting: Focus group, Fort McPherson: 2004-Feb-05 mitigate the increase of FAE/FAS Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Feb-10 Collect further data on regional Meeting: Fort McPherson Health Centre: 2002-Jul-31 • V4, S4 health concerns and problems, Meeting: Health conditions, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-25 • V6, S5 effects on community health and related infrastructure, potential Meeting: Social issues in the Beaufort Delta Region: 2002-Jun-28 impacts on physical or psychological health Discuss the needs around health Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2004-Jan-21 • V1, S4 initiatives with communities

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Health, policing Consult with community regarding Meeting: Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee, Community • V6, S5 and social project effects on health and social Corporation and Elders’ Council: 2002-Nov-18 services programs Meeting: GNWT HSS data, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: RCMP regarding social concerns, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Social changes, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-26 Meeting: Programs offered by Ingamo Hall: 2002-Jun-26 Research related programs and Meeting: GNWT HSS, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-12 • V4, S4 services, including policing, justice, Meeting: Justice Committee, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-28 and child protection and support Meeting: Child protection programs and implementation: 2002-Jun-26 Collect data on possible project- Meeting: GNWT HSS – possible impacts, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-16 • V6, S5 related strain on community health and social services facilities Consult regarding feasibility of Meeting: Social issues in the Beaufort Delta Region: 2002-Jun-28 • V6, S5 project-specific social services, Meeting: Early childhood programs: 2002-Jun-16 potential for expansion and improvement of early childhood Meeting: GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs programs: programs, community planning 2002-Jun-25 initiatives Meeting: Economic effects, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-16 Meeting: Community meeting, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Jun-13 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Jun-05 Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2004-Jan-21 Income Collect further data on the Meeting: Public health conditions, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-19 • V6, S4 relationship between rising housing prices and personal income levels Physical Provide community with field Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2003-Jun-05 • V2 infrastructure development design and construction Discuss concerns regarding Meeting: Focus group, Fort McPherson: 2004-Feb-05 • V6, S4 potential strain on housing from increase in population Ensure adequacy of serviced land Meeting: GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs, Inuvik: • V6, S4, S7 for residential and industrial use 2002-Jun-24

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Physical Consult regarding alternate pipeline Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 • V2, S2 infrastructure routes, project design and • V7, S2 (cont’d) construction, community benefits from construction of access roads Public finance Address concerns about potential Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 • V6, S3, S4 and economy effects on local economy and boom-bust scenario, and the strength and sustainability of the local economy and housing market Public Involve community in process by: Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council – Gwich’in opportunities: • V1, S4 participation keeping communities up to date 2002-Oct-23 with information, consulting openly Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council – Gwich’in opportunities: with communities about concerns 2002-Oct-24 and questions related to consultation process and strategy, Meeting: Gwich’in representatives: 2002-Jul-15 and addressing these issues Meeting: Gwich’in Nihtat Regional Resource Council: 2002-Nov-04 Meeting: Nihtat Inuvik Regional Resource Council: 2001-Jul-23 Phone: Nihtat Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: 2003-Apr-01 Phone: Participation process update: 2003-Apr-24 Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Council: 2004-Jan-20 Meeting: Open house, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-19 Meeting: Ediitat Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2002-Nov-25 Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: 2002-Jul-31 Meeting: Fort McPherson Health Centre: 2002-Jul-31 Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 Meeting: GNWT HSS, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-22 Phone: Aurora College programs: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Communications building, Gwich’in Renewable Resources Board: 2003-Aug-12 Meeting: Community meeting, Tsiigehtchic: 2002-Jun-13

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Public Consult regarding possibility of a Meeting: Aklavik Band Council: 2002-Nov-19 • V1, S4 participation community liaison, involve Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Council, Fort McPherson: 2002-Jul-30 (cont’d) community in data collection and address concerns about lack of involvement in the region Provide information about the Meeting: Regional health, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-30 • V1, S4 impact assessment process, in particular, regarding community privacy and level of discretion with which information is handled Communicate openly with Elders to Meeting: Gwichya Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: • V1, S3 learn more about the land 2002-Jul-21 Social effects Consult various sources about Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: 2002-Nov-04 • V1, S4 potential project-related social Meeting: Aklavik Band Council: 2002-Nov-19 impacts Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-25 Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 Meeting: Public health conditions, Inuvik: 2002-Jul-19 Meeting: GNWT HSS, Mackenzie Delta: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Socio-economic, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Social changes, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-26 Meeting: Public meeting, Fort McPherson: 2002-Jun-13 Consult with communities Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2004-Feb-05 • V1, S4 regarding possible social mitigation strategies Consult regarding possible effect Meeting: Inuvik Housing Authority: 2002-Jun-25 • V6, S4 on housing availability Collect data regarding potential Meeting: NWT Housing Corporation: 2002-Jun-26 • V6, S3 effect on subtrades involved in housing construction

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Traditional Continue to discuss and review Phone: Gwich’in Social Cultural Institute regarding Traditional • V1, S3 Knowledge scope and terms of Traditional Knowledge in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Nov-08 Knowledge study with community Meeting: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge studies: 2002-Aug-27 organizations Meeting: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge studies: 2002-Aug-14 Meeting: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge studies: 2003-Feb-21 Phone: Traditional Knowledge Meeting with Gwich’in Social Cultural Institute: 2003-Jun-04 Meeting: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge study: 2003-Jul-25 Phone: Traditional Knowledge in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2003-Jun-04 Phone: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge study: 2003-Oct-07 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2003-Jun-17 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge meeting with Gwich’in Social Cultural Institute: 2003-Dec-12 Phone: Traditional Knowledge discussion with Gwich’in Social Cultural Institute: 2003-Apr-04 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge methodology in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Jun-18 Phone: Traditional Knowledge and archaeology in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Aug-20 Keep communities up-to-date on Phone: Traditional Knowledge in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: • V1, S3 Traditional Knowledge study 2003-Feb-14 progress and process Phone: Traditional Knowledge and Aurora Research Institute licence process: 2002-Mar-20 Phone: Traditional Knowledge in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2003-Jun-17 Phone: Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute: 2004-Jan-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Aklavik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2002-Aug-08 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Aklavik Community Corporation: 2002-Aug-21

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Traditional Keep communities up-to-date on Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Inuvik Community Knowledge Traditional Knowledge study Corporation: 2002-Aug-13 (cont’d) progress and process (cont’d) Phone: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge studies: 2003-May-14 Phone: Aurora Research Institute regarding Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge permits: 2003-Oct-23 Continue to discuss revisions to Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies in the Gwich’in Settlement • V1, S3.3.4 Traditional Knowledge study Area: 2003-Sep-22 contracts Continue to discuss Traditional Meeting: Gwich’in Traditional Knowledge studies: 2003-Oct-16 • V1, S3.4 Knowledge budgeting concerns Discuss potential impacts and Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council board meeting: 2003-Oct-17 • V1, S3.3.5.2 opportunities for local business resulting from Traditional Knowledge study Training and Inform communities of project- Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-22 • V6, S3, S5 education related training requirements, Meeting: Nihtat Gwich’in Council: 2002-Nov-18 programs and initiatives Meeting: Nihtat Renewable Resource Council: 2002-Nov-04 Meeting: Open house, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-19 Meeting: GNWT HSS data, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Aklavik Métis Local 56: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Ehdiitat Gwich’in Council: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Tetlit Gwich’in Regional Resource Council: 2002-Jul-31 Meeting: Open house, Fort McPherson: 2003-Feb-09 Meeting: Inuvik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2002-Nov-22 Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2002-Nov-20 Meeting: GNWT Education, Culture and Employment programs in the Inuvik Region: 2002-Jun-27 Meeting: Nihtat Regional Resource Council: 2002-Jun-12 Consider cross-cultural training Meeting: Aklavik Indian Band Council: 2002-Nov-19 • V6, S3, S6 programs • V7, S6

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Table 4-8: Issues from Communities in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Training and Collect further data on educational Meeting: Education data, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 • V4, S4.3.5 education concerns and wishes in the (cont’d) community Transportation Continue to discuss strategies and Meeting: Gwich’in Tribal Council: 2003-Nov-27 • V6, S4 infrastructure provide information regarding Meeting: Open house, Tsiigehtchic: 2003-Jun-05 transportation infrastructure

Table 4-9: Issues from Meetings with Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Representation

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Business Keep informed of project- Meeting: Data collection, Gruben Transport: 2002-Jul-19 • V6, S3 opportunities related business opportunities Phone: Use of Inuvialuit companies in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Jun-11 Employment Consult with community Meeting: Gwich’in and Inuvialuit Elders: 2002-Nov-21 • V6, S2, S3 opportunities regarding terms of project Meeting: Health conditions, Inuvik: 2002-Jun-25 employment and inform of future opportunities Meeting: Aklavik Community Corporation, Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee and Elders: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: Community consultation, Aklavik: 2003-Jun-04 Meeting: Community consultation, Aklavik: 2003-Jun-04 Family Consult with community Meeting: Transition House, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-13 • V6, S5 relationships regarding effects of the project on families Health, policing Discuss potential health Meeting: Data collection, Gruben Transport: 2002-Jul-19 • V6, S5 and social initiative designed to mitigate Meeting: Aklavik Community Corporation, Hunters’ and Trappers’ services project-related social impacts Committee and Elders: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: Consultation with nurses, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Health services and issues: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Transition House, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-13 Meeting: SEIA data verification, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-12 Meeting: SEIA data verification, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-13

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Table 4-9: Issues from Meetings with Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Representation (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Health, policing Collect data on existing social Meeting: Data collection, RCMP: 2003-Apr-05 • V4, S4 and social infrastructure Meeting: Inuvik Interagency Committee: 2003-Nov-27 services (cont’d) Human health Consult and collect data on Meeting: Consultation with nurses, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 • V4, S4 existing and potential health concerns Meeting: Health services and issues, Aklavik: 2002-Jul-18 Mitigation and Provide community with Meeting: Community consultation, Aklavik: 2003-Jun-04 • V7, S1, S2 environmental information regarding protection environmental mitigation strategy Physical Continue to discuss physical Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2003-Nov-26 • V6, S4 infrastructure infrastructure concerns as Meeting: Workshop – Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee, community they relate to the project corporations, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, GNWT RWED: 2003-Feb-12 Meeting: Open house, Inuvik: 2003-Feb-12 Public finance Consult regarding potential Meeting: Aklavik public meeting: 2002-Jun-11 • V6, S3 and economy impact on public revenue Public Maintain effective contact Phone: GNWT Education, Culture and Employment: 2002-Jul-29 • V1, S4 participation with community Phone: Use of Inuvialuit companies in the Gwich’in Settlement Area: 2002-Jun-11 Meeting: Community consultation, Aklavik: 2003-Jun-04 Meeting: Inuvik workshop – Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee, community corporations, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, GNWT RWED: 2003-Feb-12 Meeting: Public meeting, Inuvik: 2003-Feb-12 Review and revise Phone: Discussion about Inuvialuit Settlement Region – • V1, S4 consultation strategy Gwich’in Settlement Area regional workshop: 2003-Apr-07 Meeting: Discussion about Inuvialuit Settlement Region – Gwich’in Settlement Area regional workshop: 2003-Apr-07 Meeting: Inuvik Interagency Committee: 2003-Nov-27 Safety Provide information on safety Meeting: Community consultation, Aklavik: 2003-Jun-04 • V6, S3, S5 policies and practices • V7, S6

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Table 4-9: Issues from Meetings with Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Representation (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Social effects Consult regarding potential Meeting: Gwich’in and Inuvialuit Elders: 2002-Nov-21 • V6, S5 project-related social effects Meeting: Aklavik Community Corporation, Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee and Elders: 2002-Nov-18 Meeting: SEIA data verification, Inuvik: 2002-Dec-12 Meeting: Baseline data verification – RCMP: 2003-Apr-05 Traditional Collect data on role of Meeting: Community consultation, Aklavik: 2003-Jun-04 • V4, S5 culture traditional culture • V6, S6 Traditional Review and revise terms and Meeting: Aklavik Community Corporation regarding Traditional Knowledge: • V1, S3 Knowledge methodology for 2003-Apr-24 Traditional Knowledge study Meeting: Aklavik Community Corporation regarding Traditional Knowledge Master Services Agreement: 2003-Oct-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge meeting, Aklavik: 2002-Oct-23 Phone: Sahtu and Deh Cho Traditional Knowledge permits: 2003-Jul-11 Keep communities informed Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Aklavik: 2002-Nov-18 • V1, S3 of study progress Meeting: Inuvik Community Corporation regarding Traditional Knowledge: 2002-Jul-08 Meeting: Inuvik Elders Committee – Traditional Knowledge: 2002-Sep-10 Meeting: Inuvik Hunters’ and Trappers’ Committee: 2002-Sep-12 Phone: Inuvik Community Corporation – Traditional Knowledge: 2003-Apr-24 Phone: Discussion about Traditional Knowledge – SEIA permits: 2003-Jul-03 Phone: Discussion about Traditional Knowledge – SEIA permits: 2003-Jul-15 Training and Discuss possible project Meeting: Inuvik Interagency Committee: 2003-Nov-27 • V6, S3, S5 education training initiatives

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4.3.4 Round 1 Joint Regional Workshop for Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area

The workshop was held in Inuvik on April 8 to 9, 2003. Feedback from the initial round of community meetings was reviewed in the opening plenary session of the first Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area regional workshop. Subsequent issues that arose from other meetings with the communities, such as the project field development consultation tours, were also discussed at the workshop.

4.3.4.1 Workshop Attendance

Although meetings were held with representatives from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area before the first regional workshop, the assessment team included representatives from both regions at the same workshop. A joint workshop allowed the assessment team to further investigate the issues and concerns about the project that the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area had in common, and those they did not. The assessment team believed it was a common courtesy to allow representatives from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area, many of whom are from the same communities, to hear their neighbours’ concerns. Following the workshop, several Inuvialuit Settlement Region attendees mentioned how the discussion groups helped them to better understand the concerns of the Gwich’in Settlement Area representatives. The Inuvialuit Settlement Region attendees had not had any previous opportunity to hear Gwich’in Settlement Area concerns.

Attendees at this workshop included three representatives from key leadership organizations in the following centres:

• Tuktoyaktuk • Inuvik • Aklavik • Fort McPherson • Tsiigehtchic

The outlying communities of Sachs Harbour, Holman and Paulatuk sent one representative from each of their key leadership organizations and representatives from federal and territorial regulatory agencies, the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area co-management boards, and the project proponents also attended.

4.3.4.2 Issues Raised at the Round 1 Workshop

Attendees of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area regional workshop registered the concerns listed in Table 4-10. The issue categories correspond with the preliminary project effects lists that the attendees were asked

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to consider before attending the workshop. The lists were developed from comments received during community-level discussions and from field work of individual disciplines. The lists represented potential project effects that were possible issues for the biological and physical environment and the socio- economic environment.

Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop Issue Category Specific Concern Biophysical Environment Accidental spills Cleanup costs potentially increasing because of possible chronic accidental spills Developing a spill response plan to cover emergency preparedness, contingency planning and evacuation planning, and taking adequate measures during construction to avoid spills Finding a spill and cleaning it up in winter, and spills potentially affecting spring runoff into major lakes, such as the Husky Lakes. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Accidental spills, including the occasional dripping of engine oil if an airstrip were built at Parsons Lake, having environmental effects Assuring that Transportation of Dangerous Goods legislation (Government of Canada 1992) is checked and enforced for all handling and transportation of dangerous chemicals Developing different waste management methods for summer and winter, possibly compacting garbage on site and considering local capacity for handling waste Possible delayed response in the clean up of accidental spills Pinholes accidentally leaking under the ice for the long term and affecting fish Bear–human More human activities increasing negative human–bear interactions resulting in interaction problem bears being killed and the bear quota ratio for the specific community being reduced Construction Facility and pipeline personnel adequately handling the potential effects of sabotage, breaks, ruptures, vandalism and third-party damage Adequacy of the location and quantity of pipeline block valves in safely stopping the flow of gas in any segment of the pipelines in the event of a natural, e.g., seismic, or human-induced, e.g., sabotage disaster. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Noise and lights during construction of the facilities altering the patterns and routes of migratory birds Cumulative Development of the project leading to increased offshore exploration, which could effects negatively affect marine protected areas and beluga management zones and result in loss of harvesting opportunities and economic costs. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Development of the project encouraging subsequent development in the Mackenzie Delta to the point that excessive pipelines will fragment the landscape, thereby taking away from the natural beauty of the Mackenzie Delta. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region

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Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Emissions Emissions, such as sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide and others being released into the atmosphere and settling in waterbodies with effects on the food chain, e.g., fish, sensitivity of lichen to sulphur dioxide, and effects on caribou from eating lichen Increasing emissions into the atmosphere or water possibly affecting human health and increasing cancer among the Elder population Potential link between water vapour created by facilities and increased ice fog in Inuvik and other community airports, resulting in delays, restrictions on air traffic and possible safety issues Chemical emissions negatively affecting vegetation, and causing property and lake acidification Increasing vehicle emissions in towns from idling vehicles in winter and decreasing aesthetics from idling vehicles, e.g., visible black haze and poor air quality, i.e., smell Construction equipment and the moving of equipment to staging sites from highways causing dust in the summer, and using calcium chloride to control dust, both of which might negatively affect plants and wildlife Dust from construction equipment and from moving equipment to staging sites from highways increasing the rate of permafrost melting, possibly triggering slumping Animals being attracted to certain smells, e.g., bears to camp food kitchens, and the potential safety issue of increased bear–human interactions Incinerators causing emissions and potential fire hazards Flare stacks Light from flaring changing animal behaviour, e.g., possibly attracting them to the facility. Attraction of wild animals to the light might spread disease to workers at the facility, e.g., inquisitive fox carrying rabies Habitat and Better access to previously inaccessible areas via rights-of-way depleting wildlife and permafrost timber resources and disturbing the peace and tranquility of a pristine environment protection and of traditional land use camps Implementing parameters to control use of the right-of-way, e.g. people from the south (Fort Good Hope) are using the right-of-way to access traditional Gwich’in Settlement Area fishing areas. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern Developing an adequate reclamation plan for around all above-ground facilities and restoring the terrain to its natural predeveloped condition High gas temperature causing permafrost melting, possibly resulting in slumping, erosion and flooding Frost heaving from placement of the underground pipe and the sensitivity of the permafrost Using pilings, either wood or steel, and the potential for permafrost degradation Leaving heavy equipment on the tundra during spring thaw, potentially degrading the terrain Climate changes affecting stability of the facilities causing slumping, permafrost degradation or both Possibly having a permafrost monitoring system in place during construction to monitor permafrost changes

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Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Habitat and Permafrost possibly degrading through the use of sumps permafrost Construction in permafrost sufficiently altering the topography and morphology of the protection land and adversely affecting future revegetation rates (cont’d) Noise Constant or intermittent noises from facilities, compressors or both, displacing migratory species, potentially resulting in loss of habitat and changing harvesting opportunities, economic costs or both Attraction of wild animals to the noise, if constant, resulting in spread of disease to workers at the facility, e.g., inquisitive fox carrying rabies Pipe placement Above-ground pipelines likely creating snowdrifts, inhibiting movement of migratory species and potentially resulting in loss of habitat with loss of harvesting opportunities, economic costs or both People skidooing around above-ground pipelines being a safety concern Above-ground pipelines becoming an issue of stability if the lines are too high Elevated gathering pipelines, particularly around Parsons Lake, a prime caribou hunting area for people from Inuvik, possibly interfering with animal harvesting. Several Gwich’in Settlement Area representatives registered this concern Preserving burial sites around Travaillant Lake. The proposed pipeline route passes through the culturally and environmentally sensitive Travaillant Lake area, a prime fishing and trapping area for the communities of Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern River and creek Excess sediment from construction and barge landing sites possibly negatively crossings affecting spawning beds in waterways Monitoring slope control and stabilizing all river and creek crossings to decrease the amount of excess sediment, particularly around peak spawning periods Extreme ice scouring or lifting and flooding in creeks and rivers flowing into Travaillant Lake during breakup possibly damaging the pipeline, potentially leading to a spill into the creeks and Travaillant Lake. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern Gravel extraction monitoring to control slopes around all river and creek crossings, decreasing the amount of sediment Increasing use of barges and barge traffic possibly accelerating natural erosion processes through bank disturbance and slumping Increased barge traffic during construction and operations negatively affecting small craft safety, especially during foggy mornings when visibility is decreased Considering barge safety when choosing barge landing site locations. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Construction of docks for the barges producing changes in sediments and sand bars, thereby affecting fish populations and spawning Increased barge traffic adversely altering the schedule of community activities, such as fishing, i.e., community fishing net distributions Increasing barge traffic to accommodate the short season Storage of excess barges during the ice season raising community safety issues

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Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Seismic activity Field facilities and the pipeline being able to handle seismic activity Seismic work in and around Tuktoyaktuk harbour for future exploration programs possibly driving away certain species of fish, e.g., broad whitefish, lake whitefish, cisco, inconnu. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Subsidence Subsidence from natural causes combined with the potential for subsidence from gas extraction possibly causing topographic changes in the landscape and possibly leading to widespread flooding Increased risk of flooding and the negative effect on the Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary leading to the loss of harvesting opportunities, economic cost or both. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Increased risk of ice jams causing flooding, e.g., storm surges that could damage facilities Increased risk of subsidence or storm surges causing flooding and the possibility of compensation for the more flood-prone communities Wildlife Increased access, disturbance, or both, to grizzly, wolf and fox dens, forcing the protection animals to relocate and increasing the potential for miscarriage in pregnant animals The potential for wildlife accessing and ingesting chemicals stockpiled at a site, possibly negatively affecting the food chain Compressors causing vibrations through the frozen soil that might disturb wildlife and fish. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Increased activity in the Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary disturbing migrating bird species, resulting in potential loss of habitat, potential loss of harvesting opportunities and the inability of mature birds to protect their young. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Socio-economic Environment Archaeological The need for increasing recognition of heritage sites, and in particular, burial sites, as and cultural a way of preserving traditional culture resources Using traditional names for landmarks and places to preserve culture because stories and legends are attached to places, i.e., culture includes this sense of place Southern workers needing cross-cultural training to understand and appreciate northern lifestyles and uniqueness of culture The proposed pipeline route passing through an important berry-picking area near Yaya Lake. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Drugs and A sudden increase in wages, coupled with poor money management, leading to alcohol spending on nonessentials or illegal spending on gambling, drugs or alcohol Increased alcohol in the communities threatening the safety and security of health care professionals, e.g. dealing with drug and alcohol emergencies during the night making it increasingly difficult for health care professionals to provide needed services to the communities Education Communities want northern residents hired, and need the project to identify the skills and experience required to help focus training and capacity building in the communities

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Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Education More Internet access facilitating online training in small communities to prevent loss of (cont’d) community members to bigger centres, e.g., to Inuvik to access the technology Young people, who are attracted to high-paying jobs in industry, are leaving school before graduation, getting high-paying, short-term jobs that provide instant money, and then engaging in unacceptable activities because of peer pressure Encouraging young people to train for the long term and to stay in school. They need to recognize that many jobs with the project will be short term, but that advanced training will facilitate future employment opportunities that might occur outside the project Both parents working outside the home, often leaving no way for their children to get to school, possibly leading to high rates of illiteracy in the communities Elder concerns More people employed in a wage economy, leading to less time spent on traditional harvesting activities, less use of traditional foodstuffs, and a possible increase in cancer in Elders Many Elders being left alone and becoming more prone to elder abuse, including physical, financial and emotional abuse with more members of the family employed outside the home Outside employment opportunities causing Elders to spend less time educating young people in traditional lifestyles, potentially resulting in a loss of culture Family Extended daycare becoming a problem if both parents are employed on the project, relationships especially in communities without daycare In single-parent families, children being put in foster care for up to six months if the parent is employed outside the home for extended periods. Stress, e.g., trauma and psychological effects, could increase for both the children and the single parent because of the family split Sudden moves because of new job opportunities encouraging many people to move in with family members and extend their stay, thereby straining family relations Extended time spent away from home by one spouse because of a job opportunity straining the relationship, possibly leading to the spouse remaining at home and developing a new relationship Parents having less quality time together if both are employed in the project, possibly leading to communication breakdown, misunderstandings and family violence Jobs and Few people supporting community affairs in the small communities if most of the benefits workforce is away in camps Increases in rental payments with increases in household income discouraging people from taking jobs Repeated boom-and-bust cycles affecting people who take on financial obligations and do not have the resources to manage their commitments during a downturn, i.e., if industry leaves and employment is decreased, how will personal bankruptcy be avoided? This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region The residents of the Gwich’in Settlement Area being concerned that they might be left out of potential business opportunities because all the anchor fields are in Inuvialuit Settlement Region territory. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern

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Table 4-10: Issues Raised in the Round 1 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Jobs and Residents of the Gwich’in Settlement Area wanting a guarantee of employment on benefits (cont’d) their land because a resident might train and work hard to qualify for a job, but the job might be given to a worker in the other region. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern The Gwich’in Settlement Area not wanting unions on the project. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern Local product Communities wanting the project to purchase local products, but the project needing increased supply to ensure the supply is sufficient to support the local population and demand Local services Adjusting to short-term project demands possibly stressing the system, because and public institutions and services, e.g., fire, health, police and rescue services, need to infrastructure meet current demands Project needing to provide funding for infrastructure upgrades to meet project demands Increasing pressure on housing from transient population coming to northern communities to access the boom in employment Increased demand for groceries possibly increasing food costs Increasing hotel accommodation costs More partying, alcohol abuse or drug abuse possibly increasing stress on community health workers and resulting in: • high burnout rate for counsellors and nurses in northern communities • high turnover rate of doctors and nurses in all communities • shortage of doctors and nurses in all communities Increased transient population in northern communities possibly straining community relationships Higher-paying industry jobs luring people away from community service jobs, e.g., chambermaids, waitresses and carpenters, creating a void in local services Money With many people changing from a traditional lifestyle to a wage economy, there is a management lack of understanding about managing money. Money easily earned during boom times is often spent on drugs, alcohol and nonessential purchases rather than on basic family needs, such as food, clothing and shelter Traditional Recognizing peak traditional harvest periods and the ability to access them when culture employed Stresses associated with a dual lifestyle of traditional pursuits and wages earned through employment Transportation Needing roads, in particular, a permanent road between Tuktoyaktuk and Inuvik for infrastructure moving supplies into Parsons Lake. This is a concern expressed by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Needing roads, in particular, a permanent road leading into and out of Tsiigehtchic. This is a Gwich’in Settlement Area concern.

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4.3.4.3 Addressing Identified Issues

The results of the Round 1 issues identification and scoping process, in conjunction with field study results, guided and formed the initial assessments for each subject area, e.g., air, noise, groundwater. Environmental assessment questions created for each subject area covered the concerns raised by representatives of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area. These questions focused the particular environmental assessment activities for each subject area.

Concerns and issues identified in Round 1 were brought forward to the community meetings and workshops in Round 2. Stakeholders were able to review and build on the information from the first round to identify possible project effects and to suggest mitigation measures. Section 4.3.5.3, Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised in the Round 2 Workshop, presents the results of the second round of participation activities and identifies where the possible project effects and suggested mitigation measures raised by workshop participants have been addressed in the EIS.

4.3.5 Round 2 Joint Regional Workshop for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area

A combined Round 2 workshop was held for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area. The experience from Round 1 demonstrated that representatives from both regions appreciated the joint workshop because it provided the opportunity to hear the other group’s perspective.

The workshop was held at the Midnight Sun Recreation Complex in Inuvik on February 3 to 4, 2004. The workshop proceedings were prepared and distributed to all attendees and invitees.

4.3.5.1 Workshop Attendance

Each of the communities of Tuktoyaktuk, Inuvik, Aklavik, Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic were asked to select two representatives from their key leadership organizations to attend the workshop. The communities of Sachs Harbour, Holman and Paulatuk were asked to select one representative. Although these communities are geographically distant from the project, they still have the potential to be affected by it. Representatives from federal and territorial regulatory agencies and from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area co-management boards were also in attendance, as were representatives from the project proponents, the design engineers and the assessment team.

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Before the workshop, each attendee was sent an information package with a formal invitation and tables, including the following:

• potential biophysical effects • potential socio-economic effects • possible mitigation measures

The tables were based on input from earlier Inuvialuit Settlement Region– Gwich’in Settlement Area community meetings and on assessment team field studies. The attendees were asked to consider the tables for discussion at the workshop.

4.3.5.2 Workshop Format

The workshop included a combination of plenary sessions and small breakout group discussions. The opening plenary session consisted of:

• an overview of the project and the plans for the three anchor fields • updates on the construction activities and logistics • a summary of work to date on the EIS • discussion of the stages of the project

During the first plenary session, the federal regulators provided an overview of their role reviewing and issuing permits for the project. They indicated the federal government’s interest in ensuring proper consultations are done, and that commitments in the land claim agreements are met.

Similar to the format for the Round 1 workshops, breakout discussion groups formed for detailed discussions. Participants were assigned to groups to ensure a diversity of representatives from communities and regulators. The groups were asked to review and discuss the possible effects of the project on the social and economic characteristics of the communities, and on the physical and biological environments, and how these possible effects could be reduced, managed or enhanced.

A dinner was served in celebration of the workshop on February 3, 2004. On the second day of the workshop, the day began and ended with plenary sessions, with the balance of the time spent in small groups.

4.3.5.3 Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised in the Round 2 Workshop

For each listed issue category in Table 4-11, attendees at the workshop identified the effects that could be associated with the project and the means by which they could be managed. Suggested mitigation measures are listed with each identified effect, though some small groups focused more on issues and effects and gave less emphasis to suggesting mitigation measures.

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Barge use Effect Vibrations and associated noise from barges affecting whales and marine birds • V5, S10 Dredging for barges negatively affecting the environment and aquatic habitat. Excavation • V5, S5 might be needed to use a barge at the Taglu drilling site, and this excavation would need to be restored once the site is decommissioned Barge spills polluting the water • V5, S6 Unwanted organisms being introduced into the Mackenzie Delta by ocean-going barges • V5, S6 Mitigation Monitor the effects, and incorporate traditional knowledge into the monitoring • V5, S7 • V5, S10 Consult with the Canadian Wildlife Service for information on birds and their migration and • V5, S10 nesting patterns. Consider timing barge movement to reduce disturbance to bird habitat Minimize disturbance from potential dredging • V5, S10 Consider the land option, rather than the barge option at Taglu, because it is easier to manage • V2 the effects Clean the barges before they are allowed to enter the Mackenzie River channels • V5, S6 Emissions and Effect Emissions coming from vehicles that are not well maintained and from flare stacks, • V5, S2 air compressor stations, generators, incinerators and operating machinery. These emissions will increase greenhouse gases and might have health effects Mitigation Develop emissions guidelines for the project and for contractors • V5, S2 Implement emission-reduction practices, e.g., use new equipment and keep equipment well • V5, S2 maintained; collect exhaust from generators, clean it, and use as heat energy; institute a no- idling policy and provide busing for workers; design camps to reduce emissions Monitor emissions beyond the footprint of the project • V5, S2 Offset project emissions with a branch pipeline to supply natural gas to communities • V2, S4 Consider alternate energy sources, e.g., wind energy • V5, S2 Effect Dust along highways from increased traffic creating a safety issue • V5, S2 • V7, S3 Mitigation Use dust suppressants where dust creates a safety concern • V5, S2 • V7, S2, S3, S4

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Noise Effect Noise from vehicles, helicopters, planes, engines, generators, compressor stations, • V5, S3, S10 incinerators and machinery affecting migratory birds, denning bears and other animals Mitigation Monitor noise levels and understand the baseline for existing noise levels. Ongoing studies • V3, S3 should be done every two years for the life of the project and quarterly to capture noise levels • V5, S3 in each of the four seasons. Communities should be involved in monitoring Implement measures to reduce noise, e.g., design buildings to keep noise enclosed, or keep • V5, S10 camps away from communities and highways Restrict activities to reduce noise, e.g., seasonal restrictions to allow a window for nesting and • V5, S3 migratory birds. Keep flights to a minimum to reduce noise, and regulate how high, where, and when helicopters and planes can fly. Avoid sensitive areas, e.g., nesting areas Advise hunters’ and trappers’ committees of traffic so that they can advise their members • V7, S4 Effect Noise in traditional and spiritual places that should have no noise • V5, S3 Mitigation Respect community harvest periods and traditional special wildlife areas • V5, S10 Effect Noise affecting workers’ safety and hearing • V5, S3 • V6, S5 Mitigation Enforce use of proper ear protection for workers • V7, S3 Soils and Effect Access roads and the right-of-way affecting the land. The pipeline could create erosion or • V5, S8 landforms affect water by changing drainage patterns. There is a concern that the permafrost will melt protection and create sinkholes and slumps Mitigation Ensure the design prevents problem melting. Shut down construction if weather warms up. • V5, S8 End work by March at right-of-way • V7, S5 Revegetate physical disturbance to the ditch to reduce erosion. Leave some trees on the • V5, S9 right-of-way to protect the soil. Clear brush to allow regrowth in three to five years. Monitor changes in vegetation. Have a reclamation plan for sites, and re-contour the land. Use traditional knowledge to assist in setting the route for the pipeline Effect Garbage from surveying and construction not being cleaned up • V7, S4 Mitigation Use monitors and ensure adequate clean up of project activities • V7, S4, S5

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Vegetation Effect Vegetation changing and new, non-native species inadvertently introduced. Berry-picking • V7, S4 protection areas need to be protected. Wildlife habitat and vegetation should be reclaimed after the • V5, S9 project Mitigation Clean all equipment thoroughly to remove plant material and ensure new species are not • V5, S9 introduced Harvest local species or use native species or certified seeds to revegetate disturbed areas • V5, S9 Use traditional knowledge and monitor vegetation from the ground with Elders • V5, S9 Effect Standards used in other jurisdictions for environmental protection not being high enough for • V7, S3 the pristine northern environment Mitigation Use project standards that exceed those used in other jurisdictions, given the pristine northern • V7, S3 environment Water and fish Effect Removing water from lakes for use by camps reducing the water level, thereby affecting fish • V5, S5, S7 and fish habitat Construction and dredging physically destroying fish and fish habitat and sediment affecting • V5, S7 spawning. Blasting will cause fish mortality. Creeks blocked with debris will affect fish, and many lakes and rivers do not have permafrost under them, creating the potential for them to collapse Having a barge in one area for an extended period, changing fish movement and distribution • V5, S7 Mitigation Conduct baseline studies on the amount and quality of water in lakes • V3, S6 Identify all future water needs for the project, and identify all sources of water to be used • V2, S4, S6 Use water effectively to reduce the amount needed. Ensure community needs can still be met Consider alternative water sources Use traditional knowledge to identify and avoid spawning areas. Information is needed to • V5, S7 understand what fish inhabit various lakes, and where and when they spawn. Identify lakes in advance so detailed studies can be conducted on lakes of concern Train and empower monitors to check these effects • V7.S6 Consider, research and monitor the entire Mackenzie River system and the Beaufort Sea • V5, S7, S12 drainage system for cumulative effects Consult communities for approval of the length of time a barge can be kept in one place • V2, S8 Avoid blasting when fish are present, and adhere to regulations • V5, S7

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Water and fish Effect Employees of large nearby camps having better access to Campbell Creek for fishing • V5, S7 (cont’d) Mitigation Keep facilities and employees away from the Campbell Creek fishing area • V5, S7 Effect Spills in the water affecting fish and health, especially where the pipeline crosses a stream • V5, S7 Sumps releasing toxins into the water and on-site chemicals getting into the water • V5, S6 Roads near lakes could pollute the lakes Mitigation Develop a spill prevention, control and response plan • V7, S3, S5 Line sumps, and remove sumps at the end of the project. Treat sewage before release into • V7, S2, S4 the environment, or remove it completely. Examine alternatives to sumps Prohibit on-site disposal of contaminants. Understand load capacity to manage waste • V7, S3 Involve Elders in waste management decisions. Ensure the Elders’ advisory committee and • V7, S3 the hunters’ and trappers’ committees annually inspect sites Keep roads away from lakes • V2, S2 • V7, S4 Wildlife Effect The pipeline affecting wildlife populations and habitat, e.g., dredging affecting marine • V5, S9, S10 protection mammals; structures blocking wildlife movements, and animals changing habitat use to avoid new landscape features; vegetation changing, e.g., clearing the right-of-way changing wildlife populations; some natural resources, e.g., birds, being lost altogether Grizzly and polar bears being attracted to camps by light and garbage • V5, S10 Mitigation Study wildlife populations and avoid disturbing sensitive wildlife habitat • V3, S10 • V5, S10 Reduce noise and flaring. Slow activities during sensitive periods, and time activities to reduce • V5, S3, S10 disturbance. Avoid dredging lakes and areas where beavers and muskrats could be affected. • V7, S3, S4 Bury pipelines or raise above-ground pipes to allow passage of animals. Design facilities to reduce profile or visibility, e.g., select neutral paint colours, and point lights down Provide financial compensation for loss of animals • V6, S6 Effect New roads and pipeline making it easier to get to trapping areas and increasing the success of • V5, S10 hunting and trapping. Access for recreational use disturbing wildlife and reducing traditional harvesting More moose and caribou being killed along major roads • V5, S10

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Wildlife Mitigation Reduce the project footprint • V2, S2; V7, S3 protection Use electric fences to discourage animals from roadsides. Long-term monitoring might be • V2, S10 (cont’d) required Socio-economic Environment Drugs and Effect Use and abuse of drugs and alcohol by workers being a potential problem. Existing problems • V6, S5 alcohol with alcohol and drugs will likely worsen because northern workers will have more money to • V6, S5 spend. Alcohol will exacerbate conditions and worsen problems such as bullying and abuse Mitigation Set a standard of zero-tolerance for drugs and alcohol in the camps. Screen luggage and • V6, S3, S5 workers for drugs. Co-operate with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Implement drug- • V6, S3 testing policies, not just enforcement and legislation. Ensure employees know why they are being tested, i.e., for safety Provide workers with life skills counselling and financial management courses. Create a • V6, S5 banking system that encourages people to save, open accounts and manage money Provide counselling for other issues, such as family problems. Make available traditional • V6, S5 support, e.g., Elders and healers, and spiritual support, e.g., ministers Training and Effect The quality of education in the Northwest Territories being lower than in the south. Quality of • V6, S5, S6 education education in outlying communities is even worse. Education needs to be enhanced and at the same time traditional culture needs to be preserved and taught Mitigation Make achievement the priority in education, rather than advancing kids because of their age • V6, S3, S5 Have high school and career counsellors in all schools. Send out videos about opportunities • V6, S3, S5 on the pipeline, what qualifications will be required, and how students can or should prepare for future jobs. Ensure videos are shown in schools and on cable television Allocate more money for school resources, specialized programs and teachers. Ensure • V6, S3 education includes academics and traditional culture. Take kids to traditional camps Effect Communities having a lack of capacity to take advantage of opportunities. There is only one • V6, S3, S5 employment officer per community, and the officer often has an inadequate database Training being needed to take advantage of direct and spin-off opportunities • V6, S3 Mitigation Direct government, community and industry to work together. Long-term planning is needed • V6, S5 Provide community coordinators to address the concerns and opportunities in each community • V6, S3 and to ensure participation through education and training

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Training and Mitigation Provide a training plan to ensure community members have access to the training they need. • V6, S3 education (cont’d) Bring trainers north to train, rather than send workers south for training. Focus training on (cont’d) services or other opportunities that are sustainable, rather than short-term, e.g., monitors Provide adequate funding for training. Start training now, be local (through Aurora College) • V6, S3 and focus on youth and adults who are under-trained and unemployed Make equal opportunities for training and jobs available to small and large communities • V6, S3 Provide career training in the camps. Make tutoring and educational upgrading available • V6, S3 through internet and dedicated on-site facilities Recognize experience and formal education in hiring decisions • V6, S3 Housing Effect An influx of workers who buy up existing real estate increasing demand for housing. Housing • V6, S4 is already unaffordable because of speculative investing. Rents will increase Mitigation Meet with housing corporations in communities to discuss the housing issue. Understand how • V6, S4 many people will live here versus how many will not. Understand the project’s housing needs and develop the capacity to meet those needs Build houses for employees, or set up facilities for workers coming in for short-term work. • V6, S4 Ensure facilities are easy to convert later to something useful for the community Introduce government rent controls • V6, S4 Jobs, hiring and Effect Qualified people leaving current jobs to work on the project for higher wages, and project- • V6, S3 work related employment creating a gap. It will be difficult to attract and retain teachers, health environment workers and social services workers Mitigation Provide wage controls and temporarily increase isolation pay, northern community allowance • V6, S3 or other incentives for workers to stay Effect Unions being involved in the pipeline even with impact benefit agreements and access • V6, S3 agreements. Union workers will displace locals who are qualified by virtue of experience, rather than formal qualifications Deciding how hiring decisions will be made, and when hiring northern community residents, • V6, S3 how northern resident will be defined. Mitigation Ensure unions adhere to conditions in impact benefit agreements and access agreements. • V6, S3 Ensure clear requirements for regional hiring apply to all contractors Keep union out, or segregate union and nonunion work • V6, S3 Use health cards to define northern residents. The term does not necessarily mean Aboriginal. • V6, S3 Many Caucasians are northern residents

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Jobs, hiring and Put more emphasis on experience when assessing applicants or northern residents for various • V6, S3 work positions environment Effect Many pipeline jobs being short term, which might create expectations. For example, a woman • V6, S3 (cont’d) with little education getting a short-term job in a camp changing beds and having no job or • V6, S5 little money after the pipeline is constructed. Provide opportunities for single parents to get work on the pipeline, and provide single parents • V6, S3 with childcare • V6, S5 Young people not staying in school, which might be exacerbated by youth quitting school to • V6, S3 work on the pipeline • V6, S5 Mitigation Provide communities immediately with a list of workers, labour and qualifications required. • V6, S3 Identify both short-term and long-term positions Introduce more mentoring and apprentice programs to help prepare for the need • V6, S3 Communicate with the community about the project and opportunities in ways that will be • V6, S3 understood and well-received, e.g., through local radio stations in Aboriginal languages, rather than in print Address the additional costs of childcare, especially for single parents. Survey single parents • V6, S3, S5 who have worked in camps to see how they have managed Build capacity for the future by identifying positions and skills to further development • V6, S3 Only hire workers with at least a Grade 10 education, even for menial tasks, and communicate • V6, S3 standards Effect Prejudice and intolerance arising between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal workers • V6, S3 Mitigation Institute cross-cultural training for both northern and southern residents so they better • V6, S3, S5, S6 understand each other • V7, S6 Create and enforce policies to prevent problems and conflict • V6, S3, S5 Effect Length of work shifts affecting safety • V2, S9 Mitigation Set maximum hours per day and days per shift that workers can work • V2, S9 Effect Opportunities arising for a variety of local businesses e.g., security, catering, housekeeping, • V6, S3 meeting co-ordination, cross-cultural training, monitors, emergency medical rescue services

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Jobs, hiring and Mitigation Start planning now to maximize these opportunities. Set standards to qualify as a northern • V6, S3 work business. Give preference to contractors from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and environment Gwich’in Settlement Area. Create a panel to screen the development of new businesses. (cont’d) Provide a process to get small contractors involved. Provide training and hold workshops to help contractors bid on projects Local services Effect The project affecting community transportation infrastructure. Heavy vehicles damaging public • V6, S4 and infrastructure roads and ice roads. Increased traffic volume is a safety issue Mitigation Identify transportation requirements in advance. The project should have its own • V6, S2, S4 transportation system Effect Community infrastructure, e.g., dumps and water, being stressed, and communities not being • V7, S3 able to deal with the additional costs Mitigation Get government assistance to address the cost of stress on community infrastructure. • V6, S4 Consider income-generating options. Have the project team meet with communities to talk about how infrastructure can be supported. Ensure taxes from residents are not increased to cover the increased costs Effect Producers stressing meeting facilities, e.g., in Tuktoyaktuk, producers continually using the • V6, S4 hall, denying the community access to the hall for recreation, court, or other uses Mitigation Ensure producers build their own office or meeting centres in communities • V6, S4 Effect The project making prices higher in communities for goods and services and possibly • V6, S4 monopolizing existing transportation and barge service to communities, compromising the • V6, S4 community’s access to these services Mitigation Create price controls and reject price gouging. Provide income support for low-income • V6, S3, S4 residents if prices rise Do not compromise the barge’s capacity to service and supply communities. Northern • V6, S4 Transportation Company Limited should be obliged to supply goods to the communities. • V6, S4 Ensure the project uses separate air charters and terminals Preservation of Effect Having jobs and income will result in less harvesting. Harvesting is already declining. At the • V6, S6 traditional same time, having money will allow people to get better harvesting equipment, though the lifestyle timing of construction activities, i.e., December to February, conflicts with harvesting time Traditional lifestyles being further eroded by having northern residents live in camps with • V6, S6 non-northern people Land, fish, wildlife and harvesting related to traditional lifestyles being lost • V6, S6

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Preservation of Mitigation Create a market for local food. Allow work rotations to accommodate harvesting by northern • V6, S6 traditional workers, or provide time off for harvesting at the appropriate time lifestyle (cont’d) Serve traditional food in the camps. Make arts and crafts available in the camps and sell at fair • V6, S3 market value Provide youth with transportation, equipment and courses to encourage them to continue • V6, S6 traditional lifestyles Where there is loss of land, fish and wildlife, provide financial compensation • V6, S6 Public safety Effect An increase in income leading to increased use of drugs and alcohol, which could lead to • V6, S5 more violence and crime. In communities, there is not a lot to buy in stores, so money is spent on parties. The potential for vandalism increases. Policies are not always effective at addressing these issues Mitigation Provide options for saving, i.e., banks, and spending. Ensure the community is involved with • V6, S5 policing Impose a curfew, if necessary • V6, S5 Effect Industry not being motivated to ensure safety at their sites. Although they could be fined, fines • V6, S5 become tax write-offs or business costs. There is a concern that industry will not be open or • V7, S5 honest when mistakes are made and will not advise the public immediately when there is an industrial incident or spill Not having a plan if the computers go down or if the pipeline shuts off. Producers not knowing • V6, S2 all of the effects of fire or other disasters on the pipeline • V7, S5 Mitigation Tell the community immediately when there is an emergency in the camps or in the • V7, S5 community. Develop emergency response plans and include other stakeholder groups and the public Inform residents of worst-case scenarios and what would be done • V7, S3 Social services Effect Transmittable diseases, e.g., SARS, HIV or AIDS and hepatitis B and C, being introduced by • V6, S5 and health southern workers Mitigation Create northern solutions, education and prevention specific to northern communities. • V6, S5 Educate northern and southern workers about hygiene. Establish a containment plan for hospitals for infections and diseases. Screen workers for health and infectious diseases and for drugs and alcohol Transport southern workers directly from the south to the camp and back. Do not allow • V6, S3, S5 workers to come to town under any circumstances except medical emergencies

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Table 4-11: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Social services Effect Job stress leading to work hard – play hard attitude, and subsequent substance abuse • V6, S5 and health Mitigation Provide means of releasing stress that is constructive, not unhealthy • V6, S5 (cont’d) Effect Separation of spouses stressing families. Having one partner working on the project changes • V6, S5 family relationships Mitigation Provide family counselling services with northern professionals • V6, S5 Provide opportunities for family visits in the camps. Provide a mechanism for communicating • V6, S5 between home and camp Offer facilities to support changes in the family dynamic, e.g., day care centres and home care • V6, S5 Effect The project increasing pressure on existing health and social services programs which are • V6, S5 already stressed, including education and health systems and on income support People coming to the North on speculation, with no job and no place to stay • V6, S5 There being a breakdown between camp and community with respect to social issues • V6, S5 Mitigation Have industry-provided medical staff in the camps, and ensure camps have emergency rooms • V6, S5 and their own medical evacuation. Provide more social workers Link services provided in camps with those of the community. Communicate and coordinate • V6, S5 these services Develop a link to allow follow-up with someone in the camp who is drinking and then returning • V6, S5 to the community, while protecting privacy Assess past situations to see what the possible strain will be on health and social services • V6, S4, S5 resources for assessing potential needs. Consider revenue sharing between government and • V6, S5 industry to address the issue. Start planning for these needs early

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The column in the table labelled Link to EIS indicates where in the EIS the possible effect and suggested mitigation measures are addressed. In some instances, more than one effect was identified for a particular issue category. The order in which effects and mitigation measures are listed is not intended to suggest a priority ranking.

4.3.5.4 Addressing Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures

The previous section presented the effects and mitigation measures identified by participants in the workshop. These discussions were based partly on concerns and issues identified in Round 1 and the subsequent community meetings held before the workshop as part of Round 2 activities. Information from these prior activities was forwarded to the workshop.

Results from the Round 2 community meetings and regional workshop have been communicated back to the project proponents, the assessment team and the engineering team. As shown in the preceding section, a reference is provided to the volume and section of the EIS that addresses effects and mitigation measures identified by workshop participants.

4.4 Sahtu Settlement Area

4.4.1 Community Meetings

4.4.1.1 Round 1

The communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area visited during Round 1 were:

• Norman Wells • Fort Good Hope • Déline • Tulita • Colville Lake

Table 4-12 shows the groups and organizations that participated in the Round 1 meetings.

4.4.1.2 Round 2

Round 2 in the Sahtu Settlement Area began with a regional introductory session, which is described following. The introductory session gave attendees the opportunity to hear the perspectives of participants from other communities in the region about possible effects and suggested mitigation measures. It gave attendees information they could refer to during subsequent visits to their communities for Round 2 community meetings.

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Table 4-12: Round 1 Public Participation Activities in the Sahtu Settlement Area, 2003

Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholders Contacts Norman Wells Feb. 24, 2003 Individual stakeholder • Town Council meeting • RWED Feb. 24, 2003 Open house • Community at large Feb. 27, 2003 Individual stakeholder • Senior students, Mackenzie Mountain School meeting Fort Good Feb. 25, 2003 Individual stakeholder • Sahtu Land and Water Board Hope meeting • Sahtu Land Use Planning Board Apr. 16, 2003 Open house • Community at large Déline Mar. 11, 2003 Individual stakeholder • Déline Renewable Resource Council meeting Tulita Mar. 12 – 13, 2003 Individual stakeholder • Tulita Dene Band meeting • Fort Norman Métis Land and Financial Corporation • Tulita District Land Corporation • Tulita Renewable Resources Council Colville Lake Apr. 15, 2003 Open house • Community at large

Meetings, community dinners and open houses were held following the session in the communities in the region during the week of February 16 to 20, 2004. Meetings were convened in the same communities for Round 2 as for Round 1.

About 150 participants took part in the activities. Table 4-13 summarizes the public participation activities in each community in support of Round 2.

The focused discussions benefited from the participation of a range of interested groups, including Elders, youth and representatives from many leadership organizations. In addition to the participating groups noted in the table, representatives from the National Energy Board and Fisheries and Oceans Canada attended as observers.

Organization of Round 2 Community Meetings

Following the regional introductory session, representatives from the proponents’ regional office in Norman Wells began contacting organizations about their interest and availability to meet on a community-by-community basis. Because of community feedback, meetings originally planned for January were rescheduled for the week of February 16, 2004. The public participation team followed up on the initial contacts and spoke with the leadership of the community organizations. The team asked permission to visit their communities and developed a schedule for their participation.

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Table 4-13: Round 2 Public Participation Activities in the Sahtu Settlement Area, 2004

Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholder Contacts Norman Wells Feb. 16, 2004 Multi-organizational focused • Resource and Development Impact Group discussion Feb. 16, 2004 Open house • Community at large Colville Lake Feb. 17, 2004 Community dinner and open • Community at large house Fort Good Feb. 18, 2004 Multi-organizational focused • Elders Hope discussion • Fort Good Hope Dene Community Council • K’ahsho Got’ine Pipeline Working Group • Fort Good Hope Renewable Resource Council • Fort Good Hope Social Impacts Committee • Yamoga Land Corporation • Fort Good Hope Métis Local No. 54 Land Corporation • K’ahsho Got’ine Land Corporation • Behdzi Ahda First Nation Band Council • Behdzi Ahda Renewable Resource Council • Ayoni Keh Land Corporation Feb. 18, 2004 Community dinner and open • Community at large house • Sahtu Land and Water Board Tulita Feb. 19, 2004 Multi-organizational focused • Elders and youth discussion • Fort Norman Métis Land Corporation • Tulita Dene Band • Hamlet of Tulita • Tulita Renewable Resource Council • Tulita Land Corporation • Tulita District Land Corporation • Aurora College • District Educational Authority Feb. 19, 2004 Community dinner and open • Community at large house Déline Feb. 20, 2004 Multi-organizational focused • Elders and youth discussion • Hunters and trappers • Déline Land Corporation • Déline Renewable Resource Council • Déline Band Feb. 20, 2004 Community dinner • Community at large

Organizations were informed of the goals of the community visits and were asked to identify appropriate participants from their organization and community to take part in the focused discussions. Faxes sent to the community organizations included a general invitation letter, a confirmation letter and a final information package. Follow-up calls were made to encourage attendance, and where feasible, the open houses were advertised on local radio.

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A multiorganizational focused discussion, public community dinner and open house were held in most of the communities. Colville Lake was the exception, where a public community dinner and open house was held with some community representatives travelling to Fort Good Hope for a district-focused discussion. The format of the community focused discussions and open houses varied depending on the participation and the audience interests. The meetings involved a brief initial presentation followed by facilitated sessions or smaller breakout group discussions. All meetings began with an overview of the EIS process, including the public participation process, project description and a brief review of the effects tables. The presentations were followed by a loosely structured discussion of potential effects and mitigation measures for the biophysical and socio-economic environments. Community representatives were encouraged to consider the possible effects of the project and to suggest mitigation measures. A general concern of the attendees was that the speed of the participation process is creating challenges for the communities. The short time frames result in many requests for community representatives to attend meetings. They often face scheduling conflicts and do not feel they have sufficient time to prepare for the meetings or to discuss the potential effects. There have also been misunderstandings about the different meetings scheduled to discuss the EIS, permits and access, and benefits agreements, and meeting attendees reported they have not had reasonable opportunity to give meaningful input to the EIS. The meeting attendees registered their desire to receive information on a timelier basis and have the EIS process undertaken and controlled by the community. 4.4.1.3 Issues Raised Table 4-14 summarizes the concerns raised during meetings and open houses in the Sahtu Settlement Area. 4.4.2 Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop The Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area regional workshop was held in Norman Wells on June 4 to 5, 2003. The design and organization of the workshop was similar to the approach followed for the joint Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area Round 1 workshop. 4.4.2.1 Workshop Attendance Attendees at the workshop included representatives from key leadership organizations in the following communities: • Norman Wells • Fort Good Hope • Déline • Tulita • Colville Lake Page 4-60 August 2004

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Biophysical Environment Archaeology Keeping the community informed of Letter: Discussion about archaeology permits – TDLC: 2002-Aug-19 • V6, S8 developments and changes in the Phone: Discussion about archaeology permits – TDLC: 2002-Aug-28 scope, terms and updates to the archaeological work process Letter: Scope change for Greenpipe – TDLC: 2002-Aug-26 Phone: Discussion about archaeology permits – TDLC: 2002-Aug-26 Phone: Discussion about archaeology permits for Sahtu Settlement Area – TDLC: 2002-Aug-23 Phone: Discussion about archaeology personnel – TDLC: 2002-Aug-23 Phone: Land access for archaeology study – TDLC: 2002-Aug-27 Phone: Discussion about archaeology permits and assistants – TDLC: 2002-Aug-21 Letter: Scope change for Greenpipe contractor – TDLC: 2002-Aug-26 Meeting: Project – TDLC and Greenpipe: 2003-Jul-08 Phone: Archaeology and Traditional Knowledge studies, Tulita – TDLC: 2003-Aug-26 Phone: Discussion with TDLC: 2003-Aug-11 Phone: Discussion about archaeology permit for Tulita – Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre: 2003-Aug-13 Phone: Discussion about letter from TDLC – Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre: 2003-Aug-14 Biophysical Keeping communities informed of Letter: Response to letter from TDLC: 2003-Mar-27 • V7, S4 field program schedules Hydrology Providing community organizations Meeting: Discussion with Sahtu Land Use Planning Board: 2003-Feb-25 • V5, S5 with information regarding water Meeting: Consultation with Sahtu Land and Water Board: 2001-Nov-13 crossings and technology available Discussing importance of recreational Meeting: Consultation with Sahtu Land and Water Board: 2001-Nov-13 • V6, S7 areas around river junctions Land and Sahtu Renewable Resource Board Meeting: Consultation with Sahtu Renewable Resources Board: • V6, S4 resource use having the mandate to participate in 2001-Nov-15 and review all Sahtu renewable resources activity

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Land and Access to land continuing to be a Meeting: Consultation with Sahtu Renewable Resources Board: • V6, S7 resource use challenge for 2002 field work 2001-Nov-15 (cont’d) Mitigation and Working with communities to collect Meeting: Northern routing team in the SSA: 2002-Aug-05 • V5, S8 environmental data to formulate mitigation strategies Meeting: Public consultation, Colville Lake: 2003-Mar-19 protection for pipeline route, geographical features, wildlife presence and physical infrastructure Noise Consulting with communities about Phone: Sahtu Land and Water Board: 2001-Nov-13 • V6, S5 concerns about noise pollution from Phone: Fort Good Hope Renewable Resource Council: 2001-Nov-13 frequent helicopter flights Permits Maintaining contact with relevant Phone: Discussion with Sahtu Renewable Resources Board: 2003-Feb-06 • V1, S4 community organizations to finalize Meeting: Aurora Research Institute permit consultation, Fort Good Hope: and expedite process in permit 2003-Feb-26 applications Letter: Scope change for Greenpipe contractor, Tulita: 2003-Aug-26 Meeting: Discussion with TDLC about Aurora Research Institute permits: 2003-Mar-13 Phone: Discussion with TDLC about Aurora Research Institute permits: 2003-Mar-26 Keeping communities up-to-date on Phone: Aurora Research Institute permits, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Jun-02 • V1, S4 details of permitting process and Phone: Discussion about permits, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Jun-02 related field study program Water quality Sharing with community boards Meeting: Sahtu Land Use Planning Board regarding EIA and SEIA • V5, S5 information about water crossings concerns: 2003-Feb-25 and related impacts Wildlife Consulting with communities and Meeting: Concerns about Little Chicago, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-29 • V5, S10 collecting data to avoid or mitigate Meeting: Public meeting, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-10 effects on ground-dwelling and migratory animals, including caribou winter ranges

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Socio-economic Environment Business Keeping communities informed of Meeting: Consultation, Colville Lake: 2003-Apr-15 • V6, S3 opportunities project-related business opportunities Meeting: Fort Good Hope Regional Resource Council: 2001-Nov-13 Meeting: Tulita community consultation: 2002-May-18 Camps Collecting data about potential size of Meeting: Consultation, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Apr-16 • V6, S2, S4, S5 construction camps, associated impacts and possible mitigation strategies Community Consulting with communities about Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-29 • V6, S5 well-being community well-being in terms of Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 health and schools Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 Consulting with communities about Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 • V6, S5 potential effect on general community Meeting: Community awareness, Déline: 2003-Mar-11 well-being Consulting with communities about Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 • V6, S4 community well-being in terms of housing Employment Keeping communities informed of Meeting: Consultation, Colville Lake: 2003-Apr-15 • V6, S3 opportunities project-related employment Meeting: Déline Renewable Resource Council: 2002-Jul-12 opportunities Phone: Fort Good Hope Renewable Resource Council: 2003-Jan-29 Phone: Local hires, Fort Good Hope and Tulita: 2002-Jul-12 Meeting: Mackenzie Mountain School: 2003-Feb-27 Meeting: GNWT RWED, Norman Wells: 2003-Feb-24 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 Phone: Local hires, Tulita: 2003-May-26 Meeting: Community consultation, Tulita: 2002-May-18 Continuing to discuss and review Meeting: Public consultation, Colville Lake: 2003-Mar-19 • V6, S3 northern hiring policies Phone: Fort Good Hope Regional Resource Council: 2003-Jun-02 Phone: Local assistant hires, Norman Wells: 2003-Jan-30 Phone: Local hires, Tulita: 2003-Mar-31

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Employment Meeting: Tulita Renewable Resource Council: 2003-Mar-13 opportunities Collecting data about potential Meeting: Open house, Norman Wells: 2003-Feb-24 • V6, S3 (cont’d) employment-related effects on community Family Collecting data on local family Phone: GNWT HSS delivery in the SSA: 2002-Dec-11 • V6, S5 relationships relationships Phone: Community wellness facilities: 2002-Dec-11 Health, policing Consulting with communities about Phone: Community wellness facilities: 2002-Dec-11 • V4, S4 and social existing social programs and Meeting: Open house, Norman Wells: 2003-Feb-24 • V6, S5 services initiatives Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-29 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 Human health Consulting with communities about Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-29 • V6, S5 general health concerns Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 Addressing global virus fears, e.g., Meeting: Public meeting, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-10 • V6, S5 SARS, West Nile Collecting data about alcohol-related Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 • V4, S4 health concerns Collecting data about a perceived Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-29 • V4, S4 increase in incidences of cancer • V6, S5 Physical Keeping communities informed of Meeting: Project presentation, Colville Lake: 2003-Mar-19 • V1, S4 infrastructure pipeline design and construction Meeting: GNWT RWED, Norman Wells: 2003-Feb-24 • V2, S2 process and revision Consulting with communities about Meeting: Permit consultation, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Feb-26 • V1, S4 possible route alternatives • V2, S2 Public Maintaining effective contact with Phone: Sahtu community representative: 2003-Sep-03 • V1, S4 participation community members and Phone: Discussion about Sahtu regional workshop: 2003-May-20 organizations and continuing to solicit community input Phone: Discussion about Sahtu regional workshop: 2003-May-26 Phone: Discussion about Sahtu regional workshop: 2003-May-16 Meeting: Project presentation, Colville Lake: 2003-Mar-19 Meeting: Consultation, Colville Lake: 2003-Apr-15

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Public Maintaining effective contact with Meeting: Sahtu Dene Council: 2002-Jul-09 participation community members and Meeting: Déline Renewable Resources Council: 2002-Jul-12 (cont’d) organizations and continuing to solicit community input (cont’d) Phone: Teleconference with Fort Good Hope: 2002-Oct-30 Phone: Local hires, Fort Good Hope: 2002-Jun-03 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge study, Fort Good Hope: 2002-May-29 Meeting: Fort Good Hope Regional Resource Council and Yamoga Corporation: 2003-Feb-25 Meeting: Discussion regarding Little Chicago, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-09 Meeting: Community consultation, Norman Wells: 2002-Mar-20 Meeting: GNWT RWED, Norman Wells: 2003-Feb-24 Phone: Community benefit, Norman Wells: 2003-Feb-11 Phone: Discussion about Norman Wells meeting: 2003-Mar-27 Phone: Invitation to Sahtu regional workshop: 2003-May-20 Meeting: Socio-economic issue scoping: 2004-Feb-17 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-31 Meeting: Tulita Dene Band: 2002-Oct-23 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge review, Tulita: 2002-Oct-22 Phone: TDLC: 2002-Oct-21 Meeting: TDLC: 2002-Oct-18 Phone: TDLC: 2002-Oct-08 Phone: TDLC: 2002-Oct-04 Phone: TDLC about invoices: 2002-Sep-04 Fax: TDLC about hand games donations: 2002-Aug-26 Phone: Discussion about Traditional Knowledge meeting, Tulita: 2002-Aug-28 Meeting: TDLC – Aurora Research Institute permits: 2002-Mar-13 Phone: Tulita – Community benefits: 2003-Mar-13 Meeting: Project, Tulita and Greenpipe: 2003-Jul-08

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Public Maintaining effective contact with Meeting: Sahtu Land Use Planning Board: 2002-Jul-26 participation community members and Phone: Fort Good Hope Regional Resource Council: 2003-Feb-03 (cont’d) organizations and continuing to solicit community input (cont’d) Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Ernie McDonald Land Corporation: 2002-Nov-13 Phone: Discussion with Ernie McDonald Land Corporation: 2002-Oct-28 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-29 Phone: Phone call about fieldwork accommodations: 2002-Oct-4 Discussing, reviewing and revising Phone: Aurora Research Institute – Sahtu Tulita communications: • V1, S4 public consultation strategy 2003-Jul-17 Meeting: Community consultation, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Apr-16 Meeting: TDLC: 2003-Mar-13 Addressing administrative and Phone: Discussion about Sahtu regional workshop: 2004-May-28 • V1, S4 logistical concerns about public participation activities Social effects Collecting data on potential project- Phone: GNWT HSS delivery, Sahtu: 2002-Dec-11 • V4, S4 related social effects Phone: Community wellness, Sahtu: 2002-Dec-11 • V6, S5 Traditional Collecting data and consulting with Meeting: Consultation, Colville Lake: 2003-Apr-15 • V6, S6 culture community members about potential Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-19 project-related effect on traditional culture Traditional Discussing with communities the Phone: Traditional Knowledge Studies, Sahtu: 2003-Mar-13 • V1, S3 Knowledge scope and methodology of the Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Sahtu: 2003-May-07 proposed Traditional Knowledge study work Meeting: Sahtu Land Use Planning Board: 2002-Jul-26 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge study, Fort Good Hope: 2002-May-29 Meeting: Fort Good Hope Regional Resource Council and Yamoga Corporation: 2003-Feb-25 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Good Hope and Tulita: 2002-Jul-03 Phone: TDLC – community benefits: 2003-Feb-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Sahtu: 2003-Apr-02

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Traditional Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation to Ernie McDonald Land Knowledge Corporation: 2002-Nov-13 (cont’d) Phone: Ernie McDonald Land Corporation: 2002-Oct-28 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group meeting, Sahtu: 2003-Feb-04 Continuing to provide communities Phone: Discussion about Traditional Knowledge meeting in the Sahtu: • V1, S3 with updates on the advancement of 2002-Aug-15 the Traditional Knowledge Phone: Sahtu community representatives: 2003-Sep-03 study process Phone: Fort Good Hope: 2002-Oct-30 Meeting: Sahtu Traditional Knowledge: 2003-Apr-03 Meeting: Tulita Dene Band: 2002-Oct-23 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge review, Tulita: 2002-Oct-22 Phone: Nogha Geomatics – invoicing: 2002-Sep-04 Phone: Traditional Knowledge study, Tulita: 2004-Jan-13 Discussing contracting concerns for Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Déline: 2003-Dec-01 • V1, S3 Traditional Knowledge study work Phone: Discussion with Tulita District Land Corporation: 2003-Aug-26 Addressing administrative and Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Sahtu: 2003-Feb-18 • V1, S3 logistical concerns about the Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Sahtu: 2003-Apr-03 advancement of the Traditional Knowledge study Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Tulita: 2002-Sep-17 Meeting: Project, Tulita and Greenpipe: 2003-Jul-08 Phone: Archaeology and Traditional Knowledge, Tulita: 2003-Aug-26 Meeting: Concerns regarding Little Chicago, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-09 Addressing general community Meeting: Public meeting, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-10 • V1, S3 concerns about the Traditional • V1, S4 Knowledge study Meeting: Traditional Knowledge scope and rates, Tulita: 2002-Dec-18 Training and Consulting with communities about Phone: Community wellness, Sahtu: 2002-Dec-11 • V6, S5 education project-related training initiatives • V6, S3 Meeting: Community awareness, Déline: 2003-Mar-11

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Table 4-14: Issues from Communities in the Sahtu Settlement Area (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Training and Meeting: Public meeting, Fort Good Hope: 2003-Sep-10 education Meeting: Mackenzie Mountain School: 2003-Feb-27 (cont’d) Phone: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 Meeting: Community consultation, Tulita: 2002-May-18 Consulting with communities about Meeting: Baseline data verification, Tulita: 2002-Oct-30 • V6, S3 state of local schools and possible aid • V6, S5 strategies Transportation Discussing project-related Meeting: Community consultation, Norman Wells: 2002-Mar-20 • V6, S4 infrastructure transportation infrastructure needs Meeting: Engineering concerns, Norman Wells: 2002-Jul-21

Discussing and reviewing helicopter Phone: Helicopter use, Tulita: 2003-Sep-12 • V2, S8 use policies • V6, S4

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Design engineers and representatives from federal and territorial regulatory agencies, the project proponents and the assessment team also attended to facilitate discussions and provide resources where needed.

4.4.2.2 Issues Raised at the Round 1 Workshop

The issues and concerns in Table 4-15 were registered by attendees of the Sahtu Settlement Area workshop. The issue categories are organized to correspond with the preliminary effects lists the attendees were asked to consider before attending the workshop. Separate lists of effects were presented for the biological and physical environment and the socio-economic environment.

Table 4-15: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop Issue Category Specific Concern Biological and Physical Environment Construction Rabbitskin River camp being too close to Fort Good Hope, and camps being too close to the communities generally Equipment abandoned on site before closing the ice road, causing negative visual aesthetics Emissions Black smoke from gas flaring causing negative effects on smell and visual aesthetics Habitat and An increase in the number of natural landslides around waterbodies causing permafrost disturbance of permafrost protection Heavy equipment use affecting permafrost, i.e., the ground not frozen enough to support the heavy equipment Heavy equipment use contributing to erosion and permafrost degradation Cross-contamination through equipment, i.e., clean equipment must be used to reduce the introduction of exotic species, including insects Diversion ditches are needed on sidehill slopes to account for subsidence so that silted water does not flow into the streams Increased access to previously remote areas increasing the effects of predation on wildlife Increased access to previously remote areas increasing the effects of erosion Increased access to wildlife resources and sensitive harvesting areas depleting these resources and areas Increased access to previously inaccessible areas increasing firewood and timber collection and compromising traditional berry picking areas Increased access to previously remote areas leading to transboundary changes in wildlife regulations Noise Noise causing a negative effect on caribou behaviour and migration, particularly around the Colville Lake area River and creek Tranquility at cabins along the Mackenzie River being disrupted by an increase in crossings barge traffic Riparian vegetation not being kept to act as a filter and for bank stability Accelerated bank erosion could result from increased access on friable ice-rich slopes

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Table 4-15: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern River and creek Increased river and barge traffic negatively affecting fishing activities and changing crossings waterbody hydrology (cont’d) Use of a favourite recreation area, the junction of Rabbitskin River and the Mackenzie River, as a potential pipeline crossing negatively affecting recreation Sediment from construction and river crossings increasing river sediment and negatively affecting spawning Accidental fuel spills leaking into waterways from construction or barge traffic negatively affecting fish Sewage and grey water disposal insufficiently monitored and discharged into waterbodies, potentially affecting fish and fish habitat Increased access to fish habitats and more pressure on sensitive harvesting areas depleting fish resources Water levels in the Mackenzie River being too low to move barges past Sans Sault Rapids just below Fort Good Hope, possibly requiring dredging to facilitate barge traffic No vegetation along the right-of-way increasing the likelihood of sediment entering the streams and affecting spawning rates Increased use of floatplanes creating waves on the water and contributing to erosion problems Waste disposal Solid waste and garbage smells from the camps increasing the number of bears in and treatment the area and encouraging nuisance bears Landfill capacity to support large camps being insufficient Socio-economic Environment Business Aboriginal partnerships with the project proponents are needed opportunities Joint venture opportunities for northern businesses with southern community contractors must increase Drugs and Increases in available income directly influencing, in a negative fashion, homes where alcohol family violence is an issue. Alcohol and drug use, values, and traditional lifestyle might change There is a need for an alcohol and drug abuse prevention strategy People, when paid, immediately spending their money on alcohol Project work increasing the transient population in the communities Increased availability of drugs and alcohol in the communities, which might be reduced if workers from the camps are not permitted to enter the communities Education Training and education in schools directly linking to the available jobs. There should be a seamless transition from training to employment More emphasis needs to be placed on cross-cultural training so that southern residents understand and respect northern residents’ lifestyles General, not job-specific, training being needed to enable a transfer of skills to meet long-term labour needs Education and training in driving heavy trucks being needed

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Table 4-15: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Family Camp social hours, i.e., community members visiting camp members after work hours relationships disrupting the family unit Jobs and Small businesses suffering because existing labour force is drawn to work on the benefits project and into project camps by higher wages Opportunities for northern resident employment not being considered for all stages of the project The new pipeline being located in the Enbridge right-of-way, leaving communities with no input in the planning and decision-making processes Women not being considered equally for job opportunities Work not being distributed equitably, but just to union contractors Benefits and access agreements not being in place between the project proponents, the communities or land corporations, and the GNWT, including hiring priorities The project lacking in the benefits agreements, a guaranteed employee contract for pipeline construction on a region-by-region basis A constant number of jobs being allocated and maintained per community for the duration of the project. The community and local contractors need to manage jobs allocated to each community People from one region working and competing for work in another region Equal and fair opportunities for employment lacking in the four administrative regions A Workplace Advisory Committee is needed to identify potential concerns of community members who are project employees Adequate notification is needed for maintenance of project machinery as part of a safety program for workers Prequalification documents and all employment documents being stated in terms understandable by all northern community residents Balancing local contractor needs and the availability of full-time jobs for northern employees Retaining workers and the high turnover rate in the workforce needing to be addressed Local services Trucked waste affecting local facilities, and the capacity of the local infrastructure, and e.g., community dump and sewage lagoons not being able to handle additional waste infrastructure Gravel sources and borrow sites becoming strained as communities vie for supplies the project needs Carrying capacity being exceeded in local communities to accommodate crew changes that might be delayed by weather or other disruptions Fort Good Hope’s swimming, fishing and picnic location, which is also the community’s existing barge landing site, being affected if used primarily for project work The size of the proposed camp at Fort Good Hope is a concern Money Establishing effective money management programs to teach people how to manage management and invest their income Traditional Recognizing peak traditional harvest periods, e.g., October and November, and giving culture workers the ability to access them when employed

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Table 4-15: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Sahtu Settlement Area Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concern Traditional Teaching young people how to survive on the land in preparation for pipeline work. culture (cont’d) They need to know both modern and traditional ways Carefully assessing the pipeline’s right-of-way location in the Little Chicago area because of the area’s sensitive heritage resources Locating a compressor station and camp at Little Chicago, a traditional burial ground and sacred area, despite an expressed desire that no development occur in this area Project development possibly destroying traditional trails still in use Transportation Increased road traffic causing more traffic accidents and accidental chemical spills infrastructure Project logistics and transportation requirements straining public carrier schedules and capacity Use of the only road into the community of Tulita by project personnel negatively affecting the community The proposed increase in traffic volumes straining existing transportation infrastructure Proposed increases in vehicular traffic impeding the delivery of local supplies, with first priority possibly going to supplying the construction camps, leaving the communities without regular supplies

4.4.2.3 Traditional culture Addressing Identified Issues

The same approach was followed in addressing issues and concerns arising from the Sahtu Settlement Area workshop as for other regions. The issues and concerns identified in the Round 1 workshop were communicated back to the EIS team and project representatives for consideration. The issues and concerns were also carried forward to Round 2 public participation activities where stakeholders were able to build on Round 1 results to identify potential effects and to suggest mitigation measures for the project.

4.4.3 Round 2 Introductory Session for Sahtu Settlement Area

Round 2 began with a regional introductory session in Norman Wells on December 3 to 4, 2003. Organized at the request of the proponents, the session was held to review with Sahtu Settlement Area community representatives the purpose of Round 2 participation activities. This session also:

• provided the opportunity to discuss potential issues, effects and mitigation • determined the best ways to share this information with community residents • refined the participation process for the rest of Round 2

Information from the introductory session was carried forward to community meetings and to the confirmation meeting at the end of Round 2.

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4.4.3.1 Workshop Attendance

Thirty-seven representatives from leadership organizations in the five Sahtu Settlement Region communities took part in the workshop. The types of organizations present included:

• band councils • land corporations • renewable resource councils

Representation was also provided by:

• a Métis local • a municipal government • Elders • youth 4.4.3.2 Workshop Format The public participation team followed the approach they followed organizing the introductory session in Round 1. Before the session, each attendee was sent a package with a formal invitation and tables listing potential biophysical and socio-economic effects and possible mitigation measures. The tables were based on the input provided in earlier Sahtu Settlement Area community meetings and field studies. The attendees were asked to consider the tables for discussion at the session. The information session involved a combination of facilitated plenary sessions and small breakout group discussions. The opening plenary session gave overviews of the project and the EIS process. Highlights were provided on camps and infrastructure and on the socio-economic and biophysical impact assessment process. Four breakout discussion groups were created following the plenary session to discuss in more detail the content of the effects tables and to suggest ways the information could be effectively shared with fellow community members. With the help of the resource materials provided, members of the groups were able to:

• review and clarify the effects • validate some of the mitigation measures • determine other methods for dealing with effects The results of this two-day workshop were documented in a proceedings report that was distributed to the attendees. The results were also summarized in tables distributed to attendees at the confirmation meeting. The discussions about potential effects and possible mitigation measures were reported back to the assessment team to help them refine the EIS and the public participation program.

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4.4.4 Regional Confirmation Meeting A regional confirmation meeting was held for the Sahtu Settlement Area in Norman Wells on May 11 and 12, 2004. During previous participation activities in the area, community representatives had identified potential effects of the proposed project and suggested ways to manage these effects. The purpose of this meeting was to review and discuss their input and confirm that it had been correctly understood by project representatives. Confirmation meeting participants were also invited to raise additional issues and effects associated with the project and to suggest further measures to manage the effects. The meeting was held at the Dennis Drolet Community Hall, Norman Wells. It was originally planned to be completed in one day, but was extended until noon the following day to allow discussion to continue. 4.4.4.1 Workshop Attendance Representatives from key leadership organizations in the communities of Colville Lake, Déline, Fort Good Hope, Norman Wells and Tulita were asked to attend. Representatives of federal and territorial regulatory agencies, municipal management boards, the project proponents, the design engineers and the assessment team were also present. Before the meeting, attendees were sent an information package giving them the opportunity to review the information and to prepare for the meeting. The information package contained an invitation and a formal report with tables that presented issues and effects and measures to manage the effects for both the biophysical and socio-economic environments. The information for the tables was summarized from four information sources:

• proceedings from the First Regional Sahtu Settlement Area Technical Workshop held in Norman Wells on June 4 and 5, 2003

• proceedings from the Sahtu Settlement Area Introductory Session held in Norman Wells on December 3 and 4, 2003

• issues and mitigation tables used at the introductory session December 3 and 4 and community meetings in February 2004

• comments received during meetings in Sahtu Settlement Area communities in February 2004

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4.4.4.2 Meeting Format

The entire meeting was held as a plenary session. There were no small group discussions. The opening session on May 11th consisted of:

• an overview of the project, regulatory process, applications and phases of the project

• updates on construction activities and logistics

• a summary of work to date on the EIS and, in particular, the public participation component of the EIS

• explanation of how the public participation component had been conducted in the Sahtu Settlement Area

After the opening plenary session, discussions focussing on the tables summarized previous community input. The confirmation meeting was extended by mutual agreement of the community representatives and the proponents allowing the attendees to continue discussion on the morning of May 12th. However, discussions throughout the day and a half were focused on the effects and possible mitigation measures regarding the socio-economic environment. There was no opportunity to review previous input about the biophysical environment, although comments about biophysical issues brought up during the discussions were recorded.

4.4.4.3 Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Regional Confirmation Meeting

The attendees at the Sahtu Regional Confirmation Meeting reviewed, discussed and confirmed possible socio-economic effects and mitigation measures associated with project construction and operations. Table 4-16 shows the effects and mitigation measures that were either discussed at the meeting or raised at previous Round 2 participation activities, specifically at the introductory workshop convened in December 2003 and at meetings with individual communities. Effects and mitigation measures discussed during the Round 1 workshop were confirmed at the meeting, but have not been repeated here. The final section of the table shows the biophysical effects and mitigation measures that were raised either in the discussions at the confirmation meeting or through other Round 2 activities.

4.4.4.4 Addressing Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures

The previous section presented the effects and mitigation measures identified by participants in the confirmation meeting. Table 4-16, cited previously, shows where in the EIS these effects and mitigation measures have been addressed.

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Biological and Physical Environment (not discussed at confirmation meeting) Fish and fish Effect Digging through or under rivers negatively affecting water levels and fish habitat • V5, S10 habitat • V7, S4 Excellent fishing in the Great Bear region being disturbed Mitigation Provide money to the Renewable Resource councils to perform baseline studies and monitoring • V5, S6 on the lakes and rivers Keep shore and wetland plants and trees in place to act as a filter and to provide bank stability • V7, S4 Noise Avoid local harvesting areas during key harvesting times • V5, S10 Mitigation • V7, S4 Vegetation Effect Potential cross-contamination from equipment • V5, S9 Mitigation Put wash stations in the camps to ensure there is no cross-contamination between the regions • V5, S9 Effect Access to previously inaccessible areas could increase firewood and timber collection • V7, S4 Mitigation Ensure the wood cut down on the right-of-way is cut up and piled for use as firewood • V7, S4 Socio-economic Environment Training and Effect The limited understanding of youth about oil and gas operations and maintenance work will • V6, S3, S5 education require more educational services to inform them about the industry and to increase skill levels and educational attainment It is almost too late for the youth to take advantage of the jobs as they need training and • V6, S5 education Mitigation Train youth in career and financial planning. Training should start now. Encourage youth to stay • V6, S5 in school, and show them that schooling will lead to secure jobs. Provide students with workshops and videos Effect The project could exacerbate the problem of young people not staying in school if they quit • V6, S3, S5 school to work on the pipeline, even though jobs on the pipeline will be short term Mitigation Parents to be responsible for keeping their children in school: responsibility for education begins • V6, S3, S5 in the home.

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Training and Mitigation People who have worked in industry and who can be role models should visit the schools to • V6, S3, S5 education (cont’d) (cont’d) present ideas on how to keep children in school. People with experience and who have worked on pipelines should give advice Have project people go to the schools to talk about long-term jobs, describing differences • V6, S3, S5 between long-term and short-term jobs so students can make informed decisions Only hire workers with Grade 10 education, even for menial tasks, and communicate standards • V6, S3, S5 Effect Increasing demand for improved skill levels, increased educational attainment, and more • V6, S5 educational services Mitigation Assess and understand communities’ wants and needs for training. Understand community and • V6, S3, S5 individual capabilities, and work with those capabilities Ensure the POTC (Pipeline Operations Training Committee) is active and involved in all • V6, S5 communities. Six people from the Sahtu Settlement Area are needed to pass the entrance exam enabling them to sit on the POTC. Government, community and industry to take responsibility for helping Sahtu prepare for the POTC Begin training, education and upgrading now so northern people can be prepared by 2006 for • V6, S3, S5 jobs on the pipeline Consider apprenticeship and upgrading programs now so people can take advantage of the • V6, S3, S5 initial jobs Effect A lack of equipment and laboratory and shop supplies in the high schools limit the amount of • V6, S3, S5 training that can take place in these facilities Mitigation Communities and the GWNT to develop in-community training • V6, S3 Effect People leaving communities for the training they need stresses them and their families • V6, S3 Mitigation Hold a workshop to develop local Education and Human Resource Development Plans • V6, S3 Ensure adequate training in the communities in local facilities so trainees do not have to leave • V6, S3 their community

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Training and Mitigation Set-up a work-for-credit program in the high schools to encourage people to stay in school and • V6, S3, S5 education (cont’d) (cont’d) to provide them with a way to earn credit for seasonal work Employment and Effect Project activities creating demand for qualified northern workers and businesses • V6, S3 business Mitigation Ensure communities, in consultation with the proponents, identify and define qualified northern • V6, S3 opportunities workers and businesses. How many northerners are qualified? Definition of northerner should include people with a settled land claim Ensure training, information and resource people are in the communities so that people can • V6, S3 prepare for jobs Provide communities immediately with a list of jobs and qualifications required. Both short-term • V6, S3 and long-term positions need to be identified Build capacity for the future by ensuring positions and skills are transferable to further • V6, S3, S5 development. Community residents should consider being trained for long-term careers Train students for work other than pipeline jobs. Train them for acceptance into a university • V6, S3, S5 program Develop the database of northern workers now • V6, S3 Effect How the project will decide which businesses are considered northern • V6, S5 Mitigation Work with the communities to ensure northern businesses get the contracts • V6, S3 Work closely with band councils, land corporations and leaders in each community to identify • V6, S3 potential northern businesses Work closely with the communities in setting the rules for hiring: hire first from the community • V6, S3 closest to the work, then from other Sahtu communities, then from other regions in the NWT Put in place labour agreements for northern labour and northern workers • V6, S3 Effect Larger southern companies overrunning Sahtu businesses in a bid for joint venture contracts • V6, S3 Southern businesses setting up joint ventures with residents with no investment in the region

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Employment and Mitigation Ensure adequate lead-time given to Sahtu businesses about project contracts to enable • V6, S3 business technical expertise and training to be built up opportunities Develop partnerships among businesses in the Sahtu Settlement Area to ensure adequate • V6, S3 (cont’d) funding is available Organize the bids into manageable parts to make it possible for Sahtu businesses to bid on • V6, S3 contracts Effect Taking advantage of business opportunities that could be available for a variety of local • V6, S3 businesses, e.g., security, catering, housekeeping, meeting co-ordination, cross-cultural training, monitors, emergency medical rescue services Mitigation Start planning now to maximize these opportunities: • V6, S3 • set standards to qualify as a northern business • give preference to contractors from the Sahtu Settlement Area Effect Project not considering people with many years of work experience, such as in the catering • V6, S3 business, for potential job opportunities because of a lack of formal certification Grade-level qualifications imposed for training programs and employment will limit people’s • V6, S3 ability to enter the program or be employed Mitigation Have a prequalification questionnaire in place that recognizes those people with a lot of • V6, S3 experience as having the same skills as those with formal training Practical work experience needs to be recognized in some cases as equivalent to a grade nine • V6, S3 education Effect Qualified northern companies in the region might not be eligible to participate in employment and • V6, S3 procurement opportunities Northern businesses will be overlooked by the project because they do not have the time to • V6, S3 increase their capacity to bid on contracts Mitigation Define what is considered an Aboriginal or northern company. What is a northern business and • V6, S3 what is a northerner? Find strength in numbers: small businesses in all communities could pool resources and form • V6, S3 joint ventures with each other

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Employment and Mitigation Aboriginal partnerships with the project proponents are needed to ensure there is maximum • V6, S3 business (cont’d) opportunity for northerners opportunities Effect Small businesses could suffer because the existing labour force will be drawn to work on the • V6, S3 (cont’d) project and into project camps by higher wages Governance Effect Strong concern that contracts for small businesses are not benefiting the community as a whole • V6, S3 Mitigation Involve the whole community when dealing with contract negotiations • V6, S3 Clarify which organizations should be responsible for registering contracts Effect The lack of regulations and monitoring of nonbeneficiary access on traditional lands. Important • V6, S7 areas might already be accessed without permission Housing Effect Community housing supply could be stretched to meet the project demands for short- and long- • V6, S4 term accommodation Finding housing for tertiary employees associated with fringe activities is already a problem • V6, S4 Mitigation Have a liaison officer work with the project and the GNWT to accommodate the project’s needs • V6, S4 for accommodation without impinging on community Encourage the GNWT to provide trailers to Norman Wells and other Sahtu Settlement Area • V6, S4 communities Communities need to work closely with the GNWT and to voice their concerns to their local • V6, S4 MLAs to: • consider the housing shortage issue now and not later during construction • lobby politicians to address housing issues in the upcoming session of legislature Local services and Effect Camps generating liquid and solid waste, and some hazardous waste • V6, S4 infrastructure • V7, S3 Mitigation Have a waste management team on-site, and do not rely on someone in Calgary • V7, S3 Effect Trucked waste overloading local facilities, and the limited capacity of the local infrastructure to • V6, S4 handle additional waste

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Local services and Mitigation Evaluate the possibility of implementing re-cycling programs at the camps • V7, S3 infrastructure Have the project help with the costs of using the community infrastructure • V6, S4 (cont’d) Request that a local gas distribution system be installed to service the corridor communities • V6, S2

Effect The new pipeline would be located in the Enbridge right-of-way, leaving communities with no • V6, S2 voice in the planning and decision-making processes Population Effect Project work increasing the transient population in the communities • V6, S3 Mitigation Work closely with the communities and the leadership organizations within the communities to • V6, S3 deal with the transient workforce Ensure there is balance between local contractor needs and the availability of full-time jobs for • V6, S3 northern employees Effect Increasing demands on hotels, motels and housing in hub communities. For example, the • V6, S4 community of Norman Wells does not want project workers to dominate the motel business Mitigation Ensure camp personnel stay in camps and not in motels or hotels in town • V6, S4, S5 Public safety Effect Influx of in-migrant workers might increase the availability and consumption of alcohol • V6, S5 Mitigation Put in place security at the camps as soon as construction begins • V6, S5 Ensure security policy issues are clearly understood by all project personnel • V6, S5 Mitigation Permit drinking only in private homes, not in public venues • V6, S5 Effect Potential, for social problems, not related to drugs and alcohol, increasing in the communities • V6, S5 Negative effects of alcohol and drug use on values and traditional culture • V6, S5 Mitigation Have an active monitoring program in place with a liaison person available to resolve issues • V6, S5 between project personnel and communities. Liaison persons within communities would address specific issues, such as social or environmental issues, as they arise and keep the public informed of imminent issues

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Public safety Effect A zero tolerance alcohol and drug policy might disqualify many northern workers from potential • V6, S3, S5 (cont’d) employment Mitigation Ensure Elders are available in the camps in counselling and liaison roles to help younger • V6, S3 employees deal with their difficulties Recreation Effect Increased demand for recreational resources affecting the community recreational resource • V6, S4 resources infrastructure, as in Norman Wells Mitigation Have set policies about camp personnel using community recreational resources • V6, S4 Provide recreation facilities at the camps. If communities want, the facilities in town could be • V6, S4 shared Effect Increased demand for recreational resources might lead to project personnel hunting and fishing • V6, S7 in traditional areas without community input Mitigation Each community to establish its own arrangements about what they will or will not allow for • V6, S7 hunting and fishing by construction workers Have each community work closely with the Project, the RCMP and the GNWT to ensure • V6, S7 respect for traditional hunting and fishing areas Social services Effect The influx of southern workers spreading infectious diseases in the communities • V6, S5 and health Mitigation Screen meticulously for infectious diseases • V6, S5 Ensure the project has a definitive plan, pre-employment screening procedures, and a plan for • V6, S5 evacuation or quarantine in case of a large-scale emergency Have the project work closely with the Health and Social Services Board in the Sahtu Settlement • V6, S5 Area Effect More pressure on already overburdened health care facilities and social services, and front-line • V6, S5 health care staff in short supply Mitigation Restrict access of camp workers to the town, which would be seen as a positive mitigation • V6, S3, S5 measure by most communities. Businesses in Norman Wells would want some access to the potential customers in the camp

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Table 4-16: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Sahtu Settlement Area Confirmation Meeting (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Traditional culture Effect Misunderstanding of differences in cultures leading to emotional and physical abuse • V6, S6 Mitigation Extend cross-cultural orientation to all members of the family, not just immediate project • V6, S3 employees. Include northern and southern project personnel in cross-cultural orientation • V6, S5 • V6, S6 Effect Discussion of harvesting compensation raising concern that it refers to the community and not • V6, S6 the individual affected by the project Mitigation Negotiate harvesting compensation between the project and the community, and compensate • V6, S4, S7 both the individual and the community Effect Respect for the land being lost through repeated use of the land by project personnel • V6, S6 Mitigation Have Elders train project people about knowing and respecting the land, and dependency on the • V6, S6 land Compensate for the use of traditional knowledge • V1, S3 Train youth to make traditional crafts to supplement income and preserve culture • V6, S6 Effect Construction of pipeline resulting in disturbance of burial sites • V6, S8 Transportation Effect Increases in vehicular traffic could affect safety and road maintenance • V6, S4 infrastructure Mitigation Have more coordination between project proponents, the GNWT and communities to improve • V6, S4 infrastructure, especially for airport expansion plans and improvements to barge landing facilities Start planning now to maintain, repair and improve existing roads that might be used by the • V6, S4 project Have the project help with the cost of road repair and maintenance • V6, S4 Discuss emergency preparedness with the RCMP • V6, S4 Monitoring Effect Immediate need to develop a monitoring framework and program well before pipeline • V6, S10 construction. Will residual social and biophysical issues be monitored and addressed by the project proponents? Mitigation Bring proper training for local monitors into the communities • V6, S10 Use local people as social monitors who could consult with the community and relay social • V6, S10 concerns resulting from the project back to the proponents for immediate resolution Employ a community representative or liaison to meet with local workers during construction to • V6, S10 help identify potential problems and find solutions

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The discussions at the confirmation meeting drew on concerns and issues identified in Round 1, the results of the regional information session that launched Round 2 activities in the Sahtu Settlement Area and the subsequent Round 2 community meetings before the confirmation meeting. Information from these prior activities was brought forward to the confirmation meeting.

Results from the Round 2 community meetings and regional workshop were reported to the project proponents, the assessment team and the engineering team.

4.5 Deh Cho Region

4.5.1 Community Meetings

Community meetings in the Deh Cho Region have been completed and two regional workshops have been held. The corridor communities of Wrigley, Jean Marie River, Kakisa and Trout Lake chose not to participate in individual community meetings for the EIS public participation program. Fort Simpson, although a corridor community, had some representation from business and town interests.

As noted in Section 4.5.2, Round 1 Deh Cho Regional Workshop, and Section 4.5.3, Round 2 Deh Cho Regional Workshop, the corridor community was represented at one, if not both, of the regional workshops. Information on specific community concerns and issues was provided to the assessment team during community meetings about the collection of socio-economic information and traditional knowledge and for other field studies, and to discuss the project infrastructure and pipeline route.

4.5.1.1 Phasing and Timing of Community Meetings

Round 1 meetings were held in Fort Liard on August 27, 2003 and in Fort Providence on September 9, 2003. Both were community meetings to which individuals were specifically invited to attend.

Table 4-17 shows the timing and focus for Round 2 meetings in February 2004.

4.5.1.2 Issues Raised

Table 4-18 summarizes the concerns and issues raised during meetings and open houses in the Deh Cho Region.

4.5.2 Round 1 Deh Cho Regional Workshop

Feedback from community meetings, and any issues that arose following the community sessions, was reviewed for regional perspectives at the first regional workshop, which was held at the Fort Simpson Recreation Centre in Fort Simpson on October 1 and 2, 2003.

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Table 4-17: Round 2 Community Meetings in the Deh Cho Region Community Dates Meeting Type Stakeholders Contacts Fort Simpson February 9, 2004 Individual stakeholder meeting • Businesses and town February 9, 2004 Open House • Community at large Enterprise February 11, 2004 Community meeting • Community at large Hay River February 12, 2004 Individual stakeholder meeting • Businesses and town February 12, 2004 Open House • Community at large Fort Providence February 24, 2004 Community meeting • Community at large Nahanni Butte February 26, 2004 Individual stakeholder meeting • Chief and council Fort Liard February 26, 2004 Community meeting • Community at large

4.5.2.1 Workshop Attendance

Workshop attendees included representatives of key leadership organizations in the communities of Wrigley, Fort Simpson, Jean Marie River, Fort Providence, Hay River and Enterprise, representatives of federal and territorial regulatory agencies and of the project proponents, along with the EIS assessment team and the design engineers to facilitate discussions and provide resources where needed.

The design of the workshop was similar to workshops organized for other regions and described in previous sections. A combination of plenary sessions and small break-out group sessions were held, with most of the time reserved for small group discussions. Members of the on-site consultation team supported small group discussions as facilitators and recorders.

Before the workshop, each attendee was sent an information package with a formal invitation to the workshop and a list of potential environmental and community-related effects they were asked to consider for discussion at the workshop. The lists were developed from comments received during community level discussions and from the field work of individual disciplines.

4.5.2.2 Issues Raised in the Round 1 Workshop

Attendees of the Deh Cho regional workshop registered the following concerns (see Table 4-19). The issue categories in the table correspond with the preliminary project effects lists that the attendees were asked to consider before attending the workshop. The lists represent potential project effects for the biological and physical environment and the socio-economic environment. Any additional issues identified in the small group discussions at the workshop are also in the table.

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Biophysical Environment Archaeology Consult with communities and Meeting: Provide project scope update to Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002- • V6, S8 keep them informed about the May-27 archaeological study process, Phone: Discussion about archaeology field work, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-22 parameters, methodology and details Phone: Discussion about archaeology field work, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-22 Phone: Discussion about archaeology field work, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-23 Phone: Discussion about archaeology field work, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-23 Clarify pay-rate details for field Phone: Discussion about archaeology field work, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-23 • V6, S8 study work Biophysical Collect and consider community Meeting: Public meeting, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jun-17 • V1, S4 input regarding information, Meeting: Jean Marie River First Nation: 2003-Jul-23 • V5 concerns and problems related to biophysical study Fisheries and Collect data and keep community Meeting: Discussion with Tsiigehtchic Renewable Resource Council: • V1, S4 aquatic habitat informed about potential effects 2001-Jul-24 • V5, S7 on fish populations and aquatic habitat Maintain contact with aquatic Phone: Pehdzeh Ki First Nation regarding local assistants: 2002-Oct-04 • V5, S7 assistants Continue to address community Meeting: Deh Cho First Nation: 2002-May-16 • V1, S4 concerns about aquatic habitats Meeting: Issue scoping, Fort Simpson: 2003-May-29 • V5, S7 Hydrology Consult with community about Meeting: Deh Cho First Nation: 2002-May-16 • V3, S5 hydrology Meeting: Issue scoping, Fort Simpson: 2003-May-29 • V5, S5 Meeting: Trout Lake Band Council: 2001-Dec-13 Land and Continue to update information Meeting: Land and resource use, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-15 • V1, S4 resource use and verify data on land and Phone: Land and resource use, Fort Simpson: 2003-Jan-08 resource use Meeting: Municipal planning, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Deh Cho First Nation: 2002-May-16 Meeting: Issue scooping, Fort Simpson: 2003-May-29

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Mitigation and Address community concerns Meeting: Issue scoping, Fort Simpson: 2003-May-29 • V5; V7, S3 environmental about environmental mitigation protection strategy Noise Address community concerns Meeting: Issue scoping, Fort Simpson: 2003-May-29 • V5, S3 about noise pollution Meeting: Trout Lake Band Council: 2001-Dec-13 Permits Keep communities and regional Phone: Deh Cho First Nation: 2003-Feb-28 • V7, S3 organizations informed of permit Phone: GNWT RWED vegetation permits: 2003-Jun-13 application progress and status Phone: GNWT RWED vegetation permits: 2003-Jun-13 Phone: Project permit update: 2003-May-22 Meeting: Public Meeting, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jun-17 Meeting: Samba K’e First Nation, Trout Lake: 2003-Jun-11 Phone: Samba K’e First Nation, Trout Lake: 2003-Jul-11 Meeting: Tsiigehtchic Renewable Resource Council: 2001-Jul-24 Phone: Permit applications – Pehdzeh Ki First Nation: 2004-Feb-04 Continue to discuss community Phone: Concerns about work in the Deh Cho Region: 2003-Jul-22 • V7, S3 concerns about fieldwork permits Phone: Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre regarding archaeology: and options for geotechnical 2003-Jul-22 monitoring permits Continue to emphasize Phone: Traditional Knowledge and Aurora Research Institute permits, Fort • V7, S2, S3 importance of communication and Providence: 2003-Nov-26 cooperation in matters related to permitting Transportation Collect data on potential project- Meeting: Baseline data – GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs, Hay • V4, S3 infrastructure related deterioration of roads River: 2003-Jun-19 • V6, S4 Vegetation and Give community organizations Phone: Deh Cho First Nation: 2002-Jul-16 • V1, S4 reclamation information about vegetation study • V3, S9 scope and methodology • V5, S9 Continue to discuss and research Meeting: Rare aster in Deh Cho Region: 2003-Aug-21 • V1, S4 rare plant findings • V5, S9

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Vegetation and Provide communities with Meeting: Project meeting, Fort Liard: 2003-Aug-27 • V1, S4 reclamation information about pipeline lifespan (cont’d) and reclamation procedures Discuss community concerns Meeting: Discussion with Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-May-27 • V1, S4 about the trees removed along the right-of-way Waste Provide community with Meeting: Data verification – GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs, Hay • V7, S3 management information on safe disposal and River: 2003-Jun-19 management of waste materials Water quality Continue to consult with Meeting: Deh Cho First Nation: 2002-May-16 • V5, S6 community regarding potential Meeting: Trout Lake Band Council: 2001-Dec-13 effect on water quality Wildlife Consult with communities Meeting: Data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 • V1, S4 regarding project effects on Meeting: Deh Cho First Nations: 2002-May-16 • V5, S10 wildlife Meeting: Community meeting, Trout Lake: 2002-May-30 Research and collect data to Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-20 • V3, S10 address concerns regarding alternatives to collaring Socio-economic Environment Business Keep communities informed of Meeting: Baseline data verification, Enterprise: 2002-Sep-25 • V6, S3 opportunities project-related business Meeting: Meeting, Deh Cho First Nations, Fort Simpson: 2002-May-31 opportunities Meeting: Baseline data verification, Enterprise: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Initial consultation, Fort Providence: 2002-Aug-19 Meeting: Business opportunities for Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Jul-23 Phone: Local hiring strategy, Fort Simpson: 2003-Jan-23 Phone: Helicopter hires, Deh Cho Region: 2003-Aug-29

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Business Keep communities informed of Meeting: Prequalification overview for project work: 2003-Jul-10 opportunities project-related business Meeting: SEIA data verification, NTCL: 2002-Jul-17 (cont’d) opportunities (cont’d) Meeting: Meeting, Hay River and Enterprise: 2003-Jun-19 Meeting: Data verification, Nahanni Butte: 2002-Sep-18 Meeting: Data verification, Nahanni Butte: 2002-Sep-18 Camps Address community concerns Meeting: Information session, Fort Providence: 2003-Sep-09 • V6, S3 about awarding service contracts for construction camps Community Consult and collect data on Meeting: SEIA data verification, Deh Cho Region: 2002-Aug-14 • V4, S4 well-being potential project-related effects on Meeting: Data verification, Fort Good Hope: 2002-Sep-24 • V6, S5 general well-being of communities Meeting: Data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-15 Meeting: Social issues, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Hay River RCMP: 2002-Jul-17 Cumulative Address community concerns Meeting: Community scoping session, Wrigley: 2003-Sep-03 • V5, S12 effects about effects of continued oil and • V6, S9 gas development in the region Employment Keep communities informed of Meeting: Acho Dene Koe Métis Nation – baseline data verification: • V6, S3 opportunities project-related employment 2002-Sep-18 opportunities Meeting: Baseline data verification, Enterprise: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Local hire potential, Deh Cho Region: 2002-Jul-12 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 Meeting: Initial consultation, Fort Laird: 2002-Aug-21

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Employment Keep communities informed of Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 opportunities project-related employment Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 (cont’d) opportunities (cont’d) Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Fax: Assistant for aquatics crew: 2002-Oct-03 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-13 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-14 Phone: Consultation with Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Jul-19 Phone: Local hiring, Deh Cho Region: 2003-Jan-23 Meeting: Municipal planning, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Social services data, Deh Cho Region: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-20 Meeting: Consultation, Trout Lake: 2003-Jun-11 Phone: Local hiring, Pehdzeh Ki First Nation: 2002-Sep-06 Phone: Archaeological fieldwork, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-22 Address community concerns Meeting: Project meeting, Fort Laird: 2003-Aug-27 • V6, S3 about project-related employment, Meeting: Public meeting, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jun-17 e.g., unions, qualifications, training Meeting: Meeting, Jean Marie River First Nation: 2003-Jul-23 Phone: Meeting, Trout Lake Band: 2003-Jul-11 Fax: Local hiring policy: 2002-Sep-05 Human health Consult regarding potential Meeting: Data verification, Deh Cho Region: 2002-Aug-14 • V6, S5 project-related effects Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-14 Meeting: Community Health Board, Hay River: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: Hay River Hospital: 2002-Jul-17 Health, policing Consult with communities Meeting: Data verification, Deh Cho: 2002-Aug-14 • V4, S4 and social regarding existing community Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 • V6, S5 services service programs

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Health, policing Consult with communities Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 and social regarding existing community Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Sep-26 services (cont’d) service programs (cont’d) Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-14 Meeting: Land and resource use, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-15 Consult regarding policing Meeting: Data verification, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 • V6, S5 practices and issues Meeting: Hay River detachment, RCMP: 2002-Jul-17 Income Collect data on potential Meeting: Community meeting, Wrigley: 2002-May-29 • V6, S3 economic effect on individuals in the region Physical Inform communities of potential Meeting: Public meeting, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jun-17 • V2, S2 infrastructure changes in pipeline design and construction Public finance, Collect data on potential effect Meeting: Baseline data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 • V6, S3 economy on general economic prosperity in communities Public Continue to engage communities Meeting: Data verification, Acho Dene Koe Métis Nation: 2002-Sep-18 • V1, S4 participation in public consultation Meeting: Baseline data verification, Enterprise: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Deh Cho First Nations: 2002-Aug-15 Meeting: Local hire potential – Deh Cho Region: 2002-Jul-12 Meeting: Deh Cho First Nations assembly: 2002-May-16 Meeting: Deh Cho First Nations: 2002-May-31 Letter: Deh Cho regional workshop: 2003-Sep-30 Phone: Participation activities, Deh Cho: 2003-Aug-13 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-18 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Fort Liard: 2002-Sep-19 Meeting: Deh Cho meeting in Calgary: 2002-Aug-21 Meeting: Project meeting, Fort Liard: 2003-Aug-27

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Public Continue to engage communities Meeting: Leaders of Fort Providence: 2002-Aug-06 participation in public consultation (cont’d) Meeting: Initial consultation, Fort Liard: 2002-Aug-19 (cont’d) Meeting: Business opportunities for Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Jul-23 Phone: Consultation, Hay River: 2002-Aug-06 Meeting: Municipal Planning, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Chamber of Commerce, Hay River: 2002-Jul-17 Phone: Invitation to Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Municipal Planning, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2002-Nov-21 Meeting: Baseline data, Jean Marie River: 2002-Sep-20 Meeting: Community meeting, Jean Marie River: 2002-May-28 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Mar-12 Phone: Fieldwork, Jean Marie River: 2003-Oct-16 Phone: Discussion with Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre: 2003-Oct-21 Meeting: Baseline data verification, Kakisa: 2002-Sep-25 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-20 Meeting: Data verification, Nahanni Butte: 2002-Sep-18 Meeting: Initial consultation, Nahanni Butte: 2002-Aug-21 Meeting: Contact with Nahanni Butte: 2002-Jun-08 Phone: Project update for World Wildlife Federation: 2003-Jul-12 Meeting: Community meeting, Trout Lake: 2002-May-30 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge study, Samba K’e: 2003-Jun-11 Phone: Local hiring, Pehdzeh Ki First Nation: 2002-Sep-06 Phone: Archaeological fieldwork, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-23 Phone: Community meeting, Wrigley: 2002-May-29 Phone: Payment for EIS workshops: 2003-Oct-22 Phone: Payment for EIS workshops: 2003-Oct-22

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Public Review and revise strategy and Phone: Cooperative approach, Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Oct-11 • V1, S4 participation methodology for public Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: (cont’d) consultations 2003-Jul-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Feb-28 Meeting: Data verification, Jean Marie River: 2002-Sep-20 Phone: Norman Wells regional workshop: 2003-May-13 Social effects Consult and collect data on Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-13 • V4, S4 potential project-related social Meeting: Project overview for GNWT: 2002-Jul-17 • V6, S5 effects Meeting: GNWT HSS data, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 Meeting: RCMP detachment, Hay River: 2002-Jul-17 Meeting: Hay River Hospital: 2002-Jul-17 Traditional Continue to review and revise Meeting: Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-May-27 • V1, S3 Knowledge scope and methodology for Meeting: Leaders of Fort Providence: 2002-Aug-06 Traditional Knowledge study Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Feb-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Feb-28 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Fort Simpson: 2003-Feb-20 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge discussions, Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Sep-19 Phone: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Sep-03 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge workshop, Fort Simpson: 2003-Oct-29 Phone: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Nov-12 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation, Jean Marie River: 2002-Nov-21 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Mar-12 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Feb-26 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-May-07

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Traditional Continue to review and revise Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-27 Knowledge scope and methodology for Meeting: Data verification, Nahanni Butte: 2002-Sep-18 (cont’d) Traditional Knowledge study (cont’d) Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Trout Lake: 2003-Mar-20 Phone: Samba K’e consultation, Trout Lake: 2003-Jul-11 Meeting: Review of Traditional Knowledge materials, Trout Lake: 2003-Jul-08 Phone: A Cooperative Approach, Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Oct-11 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge, Jean Marie River: 2003-Feb-14 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie First Nation: 2003-Jul-23 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-11 Phone: Traditional Knowledge presentation, Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation: 2003-Feb-10 Continue to provide communities Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: • V1, S3 and working groups with updates 2003-Jul-10 on progress of Traditional Phone: ARI permits, Fort Providence: 2003-Nov-26 Knowledge study Meeting: Traditional Knowledge meeting, Nogha Geomatics: 2002-Sep-04 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge meeting, Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2002-Aug-23 Phone: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Mar-28 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-May-30 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation, Liidlii Kue First Nation: 2003-Aug-07 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation, Fort Simpson Métis: 2003-Aug-06 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Jul-31 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Fort Simpson: 2003-Aug-20 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge working group, Fort Simpson: 2003-Oct-17

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Traditional Continue to provide communities Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Fort Simpson: 2003-Jan-14 Knowledge and working groups with updates Meeting: Traditional Knowledge transcript review, Trout Lake: (cont’d) on progress of Traditional 2003-Sep-29 Knowledge study (cont’d) Meeting: Traditional Knowledge, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jun-17 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jun-17 Phone: Concerns about work in Deh Cho Region: 2003-Jul-22 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jul-16 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jul-23 Phone: Local hiring policy, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jul-21 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Aug-19 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Feb-10 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-20 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-May-26 Meeting: Data verification, Nahanni Butte: 2002-Sep-18 Meeting: Samba K’e Traditional Knowledge study, Trout Lake: 2003-Jun-11 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Trout Lake: 2003-Jul-11 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation, Trout Lake: 2003-Jan-31 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Trout Lake: 2003-Jul-22 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Trout Lake: 2003-Jun-26 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge presentation, Wrigley: 2003-Sep-04 Phone: Traditional Knowledge studies, Jean Marie River: 2003-Jul-14 Training and Consider community wishes Meeting: Data verification, Fort Good Hope: 2002-Sep-24 • V6, S3, S5 education regarding training, and consider Meeting: Data verification, Aurora Campus: 2002-Sep-19 potential project-related training initiatives Meeting: Project meeting, Fort Liard: 2003-Aug-27 Meeting: Baseline data, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Baseline data, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Baseline data, Fort Providence: 2002-Sep-26 Meeting: Information session, Fort Providence: 2003-Sep-09

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Table 4-18: Issues from Communities in the Deh Cho Region (cont’d)

Issue Category Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Training and Consider community wishes Meeting: Data verification, Fort Simpson: 2002-Aug-13 education regarding training, and consider Meeting: GNWT HSS data, Hay River: 2002-Jul-18 (cont’d) potential project-related training initiatives (cont’d) Meeting: Meeting, Hay River and Enterprise: 2003-Jun-19 Meeting: Traditional Knowledge studies, Kakisa: 2003-Mar-20 Phone: Local hiring strategy, Pehdzeh Ki First Nation: 2002-Sep-06 Phone: Archaeological fieldwork, Wrigley: 2002-Sep-22 Transportation Consult regarding road Meeting: Project overview for GNWT: 2002-Jul-17 • V6, S4 infrastructure management Meeting: Data verification – GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs, Hay River: 2003-Jul-19 Consult regarding transportation Meeting: Meeting, Hay River and Enterprise: 2002-Jun-19 • V6, S2, S4 logistics for construction Meeting: Data verification, NTCL: 2002-Jul-17 • V7, S3 Discuss community concerns Phone: Fort Simpson Métis Nation: 2003-Aug-29 • V6, S4 about transportation infrastructure Meeting: Scoping session, Wrigley: 2003-Sep-03

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Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop Issue Category Specific Concerns Biological and Physical Environment Access Having increased access directly affecting fishing in Trout Lake Having large trucks moving down access roads, creating a safety issue, e.g., the highway north of Wrigley is narrow and inadequate to accommodate all traffic Stopping the increased harvesting that could occur from access roads and proposed pipeline construction areas Preventing the unwanted use of land that could occur, particularly by those accessing the right-of-way for travel Accidental spills Ensuring industry consults with communities before attempting to make any repairs, e.g., a pinhole leak Climate change Addressing ways in which the proposed project will assist Canada in its Kyoto and weather Protocol obligations Determining the effects global warming will have on slope stability of the pipeline Emissions Increase in greenhouse gas emissions possibly influencing climate change and resulting in modifications to the local climate Ice fog in winter creating a safety issue for aircraft and vehicles Increased emissions modifying the local climate, affecting vegetation and changing wildlife migration patterns Making arrangements for recycling, cogeneration and energy efficiency, considering community requirements for heat and energy, e.g., using waste heat from turbines Determining community access to pipeline products and whether this is realistic economically. Many communities think they can, and will, use the gas from the pipeline for their communities Setting the emission levels and determining which individuals or groups will have input to these decisions Exhaust fumes from the increased number of construction vehicles, especially near roads affecting vegetation, e.g., berries and willows Emissions affecting animals and, potentially, the food supply Emissions being trapped in the atmosphere and returning to the land as acid rain Defining the kinds of emissions people will be experiencing during construction and operations, and needing to define the types of on-site chemicals Erosion Additional barge traffic increasing sedimentation in the rivers, resulting in cloudy water and increased water temperatures, causing fish to die Having ice build-ups in undercuts along riverbanks that could cause banks to drop into the water and increase silt deposition Defining plans for storing barges and how storage will influence erosion Defining the ways the proposed pipeline construction will affect Willowlake River Determining the effects of erosion on traditional uses of the area Determining the effects of erosion on calving grounds and nesting areas Reclaiming land by reseeding with indigenous or native plants. There is a concern that soil might need to be brought in

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Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concerns Fish habitat Using large volumes of water for road, crossings and access construction could negatively affect fish habitat and the availability of water for other uses Losing riparian vegetation, especially near the shoreline, could negatively affect fish habitat Improving communication between the project proponents and regulators regarding fish and fish habitat Establishing a business opportunity for supplying fish to camps Monitoring all fish habitats after construction Noise Increasing noise in the Blackwater area, a prime Pehdzeh Ki First Nation hunting area, might negatively affect the moose population Permafrost Defining permafrost monitoring along the right-of-way protection Determining potential permafrost damage and methods to reduce this damage Assessing permafrost changes that could cause the pipe to move or float Using herbicides for clearing vegetation could have an effect on permafrost Wildlife protection Exposing nesting grounds of various bird species to noise, with possible negative effects. Rivers are the most sensitive areas because eagles nest along the rivers and might be directly affected by an increase in barge traffic and associated noise Affecting bird migration patterns Preferring directional drilling over the proposed open-cut method for pipeline construction through the Blackwater area, because this area is a prime hunting area for the Pehdzeh Ki First Nation Introducing non-native species during revegetation Clearing timber from the right-of-way. It was suggested that any excess logs should be given to the Elders or that additional logs should be hauled north by barge for use by the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Waterbirds Increased barge traffic, especially in the Mills Lake area, could affect everything that uses the river Addressing increased human activity near waterbodies. Noise and travel can affect nesting grounds and breeding areas Socio-economic Environment Business Ensuring enough lead time is given to local businesses to prepare for potential opportunities contracting services, especially during the short time frame of the construction period Dealing with slow payment for completed contract work. Payment can take from 90 days to nine months Establishing the following regarding securing borrow sites: • determine whether the sites will be returned or reclaimed • identify ownership • identify business opportunities

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Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concerns Community Having a void in personnel for community service jobs, e.g., grocery store clerks, services when people leave for higher-paying jobs on the pipeline Having camp employees going to communities to use drugs during their free time. Industry should ensure that the employee returns to work Community Determining whether government and industry policies will be community-specific well-being with respect to camp life and specific communities, permitting some camp employees to access the communities, whereas other camps and communities will prohibit access Providing cultural awareness training for both communities and camps, including education on birth control and sexually transmitted diseases Implementing holistic community wellness and recognizing the physical, cultural and spiritual elements of a community Providing adequate support, e.g., child care services, recreation services, crisis line access, family violence, child welfare, to enable families to deal with project effects Monitoring and tracking socio-economic issues within individual communities after the project is abandoned. The responsibility for this should be shared between community, industry and government Determining the availability of emergency medical technicians for the camps for budget planning, implementing, and integrating requirements and resources Community taxpayer having to pay for additional infrastructure required for pipeline construction Recognizing that community wellness is based on the sustainability of the community Everyone within the community needing to be in consensus about any decision made about the project, or the project will not go forward Dual economy Obtaining monetary compensation for prime harvesting time lost because of camp or work obligations Project effects reducing the capability of the land to support the traditional lifestyle Employment Determining what funds are available to help businesses prequalify Dealing with short-term construction employment Determining whether this will be a union or nonunion project. Specialty equipment operators are unionized and many pipeline contractors are expecting to be unionized Determining whether business opportunities will be tendered or negotiated with communities Determining whether preferential policies will be in place for northern communities or businesses Determining whether monitoring and evaluation of the hiring process will occur throughout the project and, if so, the individuals or groups who will do it Knowing the fate of the pipeline construction labour force after construction is complete Determining the types of opportunities that will exist after construction

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Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concerns Family Having strained family relationships because of separation in the family unit relationships increasing tension Coping with camp life and separation of the family unit, i.e., separation could result in prostitution Camp life fostering a breakdown of the traditional lifestyle, creating additional stress in family units Knowing camp schedules and whether the workers will have the opportunity to go home to their families Government Government monies from the project benefiting the communities through revenue construction of pools, arenas and recreational community infrastructure Describing up front all benefits associated with the project. A concern is that there will be no direct benefits, e.g., gas immediately fuelling community homes from the pipeline, and that communities only getting indirect benefits Acknowledging that funding for communities is critical but that there is limited potential for the EIS to address this concern Health Draining community health infrastructure services to meet project needs Employees moving into camps experiencing a big change in their lifestyle in terms of recreational needs and needing to be aware of the limited camp recreation capabilities and how this could affect their health Other addictions such as gambling needing attention and not just the recognized addictions such as drugs and alcohol Recognizing that an influx of workers could mean an influx of diseases Project activities adding stress, such as business start-ups and failures, could result in mental health issues Health, policing Increased demand straining local social services and social Government responding to the demand on social services introduced by the services project, and if the government does not respond, industry should have a backup plan Determining how industry will police itself with respect to policies on workers bringing drugs and alcohol into the communities and selling them Ensuring that industry looks after the health of their employees in camps and does not drain community facilities and infrastructure Diverting health care dollars to project workers at the expense of other northern projects and initiatives, such as roads Labour market Building capacity in each community to prepare the communities for the project and training Having mobile training and education in communities to reach those who would not normally be able to access community facilities Putting more money into education to make it more available. School challenges or program changes are needed to prevent boredom and encourage students to stay in school. Industry should aid the community in lobbying the government for more money for education. Having students trained early in schools for the different job skills associated with the project

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Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concerns Labour market Helping people identify transferable skills and training Determining who will identify training needs and fund the training (cont’d) Determining whether training will include indirect job opportunities resulting from project Establishing how training requirements will relate to the project schedule Youth in schools needing exposure to various professional and nonprofessional career options Needing to know how industry will deal with students dropping out of school and forfeiting their education to fill higher-paying jobs Local services Ensuring industry waste disposal costs are not paid by community taxpayers and infrastructure Identifying individuals who will police the camp rules and regulations Determining whether industry will apply rules and regulations Using infrastructure left over when the project is completed. Infrastructure should be donated to the communities for refurbishment of facilities. Sharing community facilities between community and nearby camp personnel could pose a challenge Money Camp life and separation of the family unit, i.e., separation could result in spending management money on prostitutes Needing a joint effort between community and industry to foster and build money- management workshops or courses. Income from this project could be used for drugs, alcohol and recreational vehicles, with none going to sustain the family unit Determining whether an employee family assistance program will be in effect during the project Ensuring that money management and life skills training topics include values, consumption spending and using role models Population Having project employment initially introduce one member of the family unit to living farther south as the pipeline is constructed, possibly resulting in the family moving out of the northern community Having a strain on the immediate housing availability because of the sudden increase in the transient population associated with project construction Having residents take jobs on the project and leaving the communities without help for service industry jobs, such as in motels and restaurants Traditional Respecting the cultural differences between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals culture working in the camps Paying possible incentives to employees in camps to participate in traditional cultural activities Considering the possibility of Aboriginal employees working at a specific camp setting up a tent or bringing their families into camp to reduce the effect on traditional life Establishing whether western science and traditional knowledge will be used equally

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Table 4-19: Issues Raised at the Round 1 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Specific Concerns Traditional Recognizing that a movement away from the traditional lifestyle could start, culture (cont’d) particularly by the youth, as they begin to engage in a wage economy Transportation Needing public notification about peak traffic periods, especially during infrastructure construction. Increase in the volume of air and ground traffic could increase accidents. Communities need to be given the choice to either detour or defer their time of travel Having increased traffic volumes and traffic congestion. Increased traffic volumes because of the diamond mines already occurs, primarily in January, February and March Needing adequate structural integrity of the roads for transporting heavy loads Having strained community infrastructure because of service conditions. A specific concern is about contingency plans for crews being grounded in outlying communities because of inclement weather

During the workshop, community leaders made three specific statements about the definition of consultation:

• A leader of the Pehdzeh Ki First Nation said his nation’s participation in the workshop was not to be interpreted as approval. The Pehdzeh Ki First Nation had concerns about the pipeline route and its expected effects on the environment. The leader also said access and benefit agreements need to be defined and negotiated directly with the communities before any formal consultation process takes place, that all communities, with their leadership organizations, have to reach an agreement on what consultation is, and that they would not just accept the version of consultation as presented by industry at the Deh Cho regional workshop.

• A representative of the Fort Providence Métis Council, Local No. 57 registered his concern that the workshop was defined as a consultation workshop. He thought it best if the Métis of Fort Providence were observers at the regional workshop, rather than participants in the EIS consultation process, until the term consultation was clearly defined by the leadership of the communities. Their observations in the workshop were not to be interpreted as approval of the project.

• A representative of Elders said Elders view the consultation process as synonymous with the process of negotiation. They felt they had to choose their words carefully to not jeopardize their work on the process of negotiations by disclosing too much in the particular meeting. They said they would also rather be observers and stated that silence on any given issue did not necessarily mean agreement with what was being said.

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4.5.2.3 Addressing Identified Issues

As previously noted for other regions, issues and concerns identified through the Round 1 public participation activities guided subsequent environmental assessment work.

4.5.3 Round 2 Deh Cho Regional Workshop

A workshop was held for the Deh Cho Region at the Recreation Complex in Fort Simpson on May 18 and 19, 2004.

4.5.3.1 Workshop Attendance

Each of the communities of Wrigley, Fort Simpson, Jean Marie River, Trout Lake, Kakisa, Nahanni Butte, Fort Liard, Fort Providence, Enterprise, Hay River, Hay River Reserve and West Point as well as the Deh Cho First Nations (DCFN) and their Pipeline Working Group (PWG) was asked to select up to four representatives from their key leadership to attend the workshop. Representatives from federal and territorial regulatory agencies, the project proponents, the design engineers and the assessment team were also present.

Before the workshop, each attendee was sent an information package containing a formal invitation and tables showing:

• potential biophysical effects • potential socio-economic effects • possible mitigation measures

The tables were based on information provided at the earlier Deh Cho Region workshop, noncorridor community meetings and assessment team field studies. Attendees were asked to consider the tables for discussion at the workshop.

4.5.3.2 Workshop Format

The workshop included a combination of plenary sessions and small breakout group discussions similar to the format established in Round 1. The opening plenary session included:

• an overview of the project and plans for the Deh Cho Region • updates on the construction activities and logistics • a summary of work to date on the EIS • discussion of the project stages

Participants were assigned to small discussion groups to ensure that each group had a diversity of representatives. The groups were asked to review and discuss the possible effects of the project on the social and economic characteristics of the

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communities and on the physical and biological environments and how these possible effects could be reduced, managed or enhanced.

On May 18, 2004, a dinner was served in celebration of the workshop. On the second day of the workshop, the day began and ended with plenary sessions, with the balance of the time spent in small groups.

4.5.3.3 Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Workshop

The workshop participants identified the following effects and socio-economic and environmental themes associated with project construction and operations (see Table 4-20). Each listed theme includes the main effects associated with it and potential ways to reduce or manage the effect. Some groups focused on issues and effects and suggested fewer mitigation measures, which explains the gaps in the mitigation sections of the table.

4.5.3.4 Addressing Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures The previous section presented the effects and mitigation measures identified by participants during the workshop. Table 4-20, cited previously, shows where in the EIS these effects and mitigation measures have been addressed. These discussions were partly based on concerns and issues identified in the First Regional Workshop, on the subsequent noncorridor community meetings held before the workshop as part of Round 2 activities, and on information provided to the assessment team from field studies. Information from these sources was used to develop the workshop. Results from the Round 2 community meetings and regional workshop were given to the project proponents, the assessment team and the engineering team. 4.6 Nongovernment Organizations The program for engaging nongovernment organizations (NGOs) began with the first NGO workshop in Yellowknife, at the Explorer Hotel, on December 9 and 10, 2003. The workshop was similar in design and organization to other workshops during Round 1. The main purpose of the workshop was to introduce the project to those NGOs that had previously expressed interest in the project. The workshop also gave representatives of the communities, the project proponents and the environmental assessment team an opportunity to better understand the concerns and suggestions of the NGOs.

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Biological And Physical Environment Barge use Effect Increased barge traffic leading to dredging of shallow areas, sedimentation and decreased • V5, S5 water quality with a negative effect on aquatic habitat Cumulative effects of wake wash causing shore-line erosion over an extended period • V5, S5 Barge traffic affecting migratory birds • V5, S10 Caribou at risk of being hit by barges while crossing the rivers to their calving grounds • V7, S3 Mitigation Research accidents involving caribou and barges, and limit operations, such as movement, • V7, S3 speed and use of pilot vehicles, to respect caribou movement and land use. Monitor barge traffic appropriately Climate change Effect Small changes in temperature resulting from increased greenhouse gas emissions might • V5, S11 and weather damage permafrost layer Mitigation Set up additional climate monitoring sites along the pipeline to supplement systems already in • V5, S2 place, use the data for long- and short-term monitoring Effect Project could add to current elevated levels of greenhouse gases in the North and have • V5, S11 implications under the Kyoto Agreement Mitigation Bring natural gas into the communities • V2, S4 Model local temperature regimes and use as climate change predictors • V5, S11 Emissions Effect Exhaust emissions from traffic and idling vehicles could decrease air quality, especially in cold • V5, S2 weather. Diesel exhaust fumes are potentially carcinogenic Mitigation Optimize use of rail, barge and trucks to reduce emissions • V7, S3 Park idling vehicles away from communities to reduce diesel exhaust fumes • V7, S3 Ensure all vehicles and equipment are new and maintained properly with emission-control • V7, S3 systems. Apply emission standards to contractors and subcontractors Assess local air quality and study changes in vegetation and food crops • V5, S9 Effect Burning slash and wood could result in a large volume of particulate matter from smoke, ice • V7, S4 fog in the winter and potential effects on vegetation Mitigation Create wood chips instead of burning trees and bushes • V7, S3 Effect Venting gases without flaring is not acceptable from a health and safety standpoint, and • V5, S2 methane pooling in low areas in cold weather creates a safety hazard Dust along highways from increased traffic could reduce visibility and create a safety issue • V7, S3

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Emissions (cont’d) Effect Airborne dust is a human health concern • V6, S5 (cont’d) Calcium chloride, often used for dust suppression, attracts wildlife and could lead to vehicle– • V7, S3 animal incidents Mitigation Use dust suppressants where dust is a safety concern • V5, S2 Identify who will be in charge of dust suppression, and use a safe alternative to calcium chloride • V5, S2 Effect Ice fog might be created from various construction activities and affect aircraft landing sites • V5, S2 Emissions from the project will be cumulative over area and time; this could have wide-ranging • V5, S12 effects on human health Mitigation Account for all pipeline-related operations when modelling emissions • V5, S2 Start monitoring local climate and air relative to human health indicators to get adequate • V3, S2 baseline information Effect Lack of graphic illustration of air quality issues limits community understanding of potential • V1, S4 effects • V5, S2 Mitigation Increase communication with RWED, Parks Canada and other organizations about local • V3, S2 research activity Noise Effect Community members do not have a clear understanding of the expected background noise and • V5, S3 acceptable noise levels generated by the compressor stations Mitigation Distribute a project information package on noise, describe noise levels during construction and • V5, S3 operations, and give community representatives a tour of a compressor station similar to proposed project facilities Effect The Deh Cho Region is quiet and will be affected to a large extent by continuous noise along the • V5, S3 pipeline route

Mitigation Do not use southern criteria to determine acceptable noise levels for the region. Give • V5, S3 communities the opportunity to provide input on noise levels, and use the highest standards for noise regulations Effect Increased noise from vehicles, project facilities and activities will negatively affect wildlife, • V5, S10 especially those whose home range is in the pipeline corridor • V7, S3 Mitigation Determine the sensitivity of woodland caribou and other wildlife to noise • V5, S10 • V7, S3 Effect Noise will travel far from the source and affect outlying areas • V5, S3 • V7, S2

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Noise (cont’d) Mitigation Account for the relationship between noise and northern weather conditions when determining • V5, S3 the area affected by noise • V7, S2 Effect Increased noise levels from construction and operations will affect salmon spawning • V5, S7 Mitigation Determine noise limitations for activities in rivers with spawning or overwintering fish • V5, S7 Effect Baseline data is insufficient to determine the effects of construction noise • V5, S3 Mitigation Obtain baseline data on noise levels, and continue monitoring before, during and after • V3, S3 construction and operations • V5, S3 Soils and Effect Concern about construction associated with horizontal directional drilling • V5, S7 landforms Mitigation Do preliminary research on ground material to be drilled before deciding to use horizontal • V5, S7 protection directional drilling Effect Multiple use of right-of-way will lead to decreased slope integrity • V7, S4 Mitigation Monitor condition of slopes along right-of-way and ensure stability is maintained and repaired as • V7, S4 soon as practical Effect Camp residents will use the land during off-hours and affect the terrain with 4x4s, quads and • V7, S4 other all-terrain vehicles. This concern also applies to private contractors who might bring their vehicles onto the land Vegetation Effect Clearing the right-of-way and other facility locations will have cumulative effects on the forest • V5, S11 protection and affect calculations of carbon sequestration under the Kyoto Accord Settling dust might negatively affect vegetation, food crops such as berries, and the river system • V5, S9 and watershed Revegetation of the right-of-way and other areas might allow the introduction of alien and • V5, S9 invasive species Mitigation Screen seed to be used for revegetation for weeds, and clean and inspect all equipment before • V5, S9 introducing it to the project site Remove noxious seeds from the infrastructure sites before construction • V5, S9 Investigate the feasibility of using native seed for revegetation • V5, S9 Water and fish Effect Proposed route crosses several rivers flowing into the Mackenzie River, leading to pollution of • V5, S7 habitat the river system and other watershed areas Concern about the effect of the route crossings on fish spawning, beaver and other wildlife • V7, S4 habitat Mitigation Use the isolation technique for construction of certain crossings • V7, S4

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Water and fish Mitigation Determine criteria, such as distance upstream or downstream, to construct in rivers with • V7, S4 habitat (cont’d) (cont’d) spawning or overwintering fish Use Traditional Knowledge in the stream and watershed assessment • V1, S3 Work with the community to identify lakes and river crossings to avoid • V7, S3 Develop contingency and emergency response plans for potential spills in the waterways • V7, S5 Effect Increased river traffic might negatively affect commercial and domestic fishing • V7, S3 Dredging in the delta might negatively affect fish populations • V7, S2 Sediment deposition in waterways might negatively affect fish, their eggs and aquatic • V5, S7 invertebrates Negative effect of water use from the three potential water users during project construction: • V7, S3 Department of Transportation ice roads, pipeline construction, and oil and gas exploration activity Mitigation Coordinate common water sources among potential users • V7, S3 Effect Treated waste water from the camps and project activities might contaminate the local water • V7, S3 system Wildlife protection Effect Concern about the method that will be used to deal with nuisance bears and other wildlife • V5, S10 Concern that wildlife monitoring will be short-lived and that temporal baseline data is insufficient • V5, S10 to measure change Mitigation Collect baseline data in undisturbed areas before development, monitor during and after • V5, S10 construction, and use data to test predictive modelling Review effects on wildlife from other developments such as the Enbridge pipeline • V5, S10 Effect Improved access for hunting and fishing along the pipeline corridor might affect the density and • V5, S10 abundance of game populations and the local food supply Mitigation Assess species that are important to each community, and avoid generic studies on wildlife • V5, S10 Include an analysis of black bears in the Deh Cho Region • V5, S10 Effect There will be cumulative effects on wildlife from activities other than those associated with the • V5, S12 pipeline Felled trees and brush along the pipeline corridor might reduce visibility for predators and affect • V5, S10 prey–predator relationships A straight-line design for the pipeline route might increase the rate of predation • V7, S3 Vegetation barriers proposed for the right-of-way could hinder traditional harvesters • V7, S4

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Wildlife protection Mitigation Consider alternate designs, such as different elevations, for the pipeline route • V2, S2 (cont’d) Only use vegetation as barriers near the communities • V2, S2 Effect Noise and activity from the compressor stations in the valley might affect wildlife distribution • V5, S10 Mitigation See noise mitigation measures • V5, S3 Effect Critical wildlife habitat, such as denning sites and woodland caribou habitat, could be altered by • V5, S10 project activities Mitigation Build awareness of Species at Risk legislation into the assessment • V5, S10 Register concern about the effect of development on bird migration • V5, S10 Effect Major corridors for wildlife movement might be blocked by certain pipeline facilities • V5, S10 Mitigation Use Traditional Knowledge with scientific data to create habitat, population movement and • V5. S10 animal behaviour models Effect Wood bison are an endangered species, and there is a concern that more and faster vehicles • V5, S10 might be a hazard to their safety Mitigation Implement speed and safety controls and define locations where incidents and accidents are • V7, S3 most likely to occur Effect The project will provide the impetus for more exploration and other industrial developments. • V5, S10 Fragmentation of the landscape could isolate particular wildlife populations Mitigation Study increased access as a cumulative effects issue • V5 S12 Effect Flying height of aircraft can influence animal behaviour and distribution patterns • V7, S3 Removal of ground cover might damage the top layer, deepen the trails and prevent their use by • V5, S10 wildlife Invasive insects and other invertebrates might be transported into the region • V5, S6 Socio-Economic Environment Drugs and alcohol Effect Sudden increase in income might exacerbate existing alcohol problems • V6, S5 Mitigation Provide effective long-term money management training • V6, S5 Effect Existing drug and alcohol problems in communities will be magnified with an influx of southern • V6, S5 workers Alcohol use results in undesirable behaviour, such as swearing, and physical and emotional • V6, S5 abuse

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Drugs and alcohol Mitigation Use revised and more appropriate drug and alcohol programs with policies adapted specific to • V6, S5 (cont’d) the project Employment, Effect With pipeline employment requiring training, prospective employees with less training will be left • V6, S3 training and out of the opportunities. How many people from the communities will have access to jobs and business training? opportunities Concern that experience will not be recognized if full accreditation in a training course has not • V6, S3 been attained but the potential project employee has been working in a similar environment Mitigation Pipeline Operations Training Committee to work with the communities to bring up capacity to • V6, S3 enter training programs Have the project work with unions to develop equivalency to recognize experience • V6, S3 Effect Deh Cho businesses being overrun by larger southern companies in a bid for joint venture • V6, S3 contracts Mitigation Organize bids into manageable portions to make it possible for Deh Cho businesses to bid on • V6, S3 contracts Provide a venue for businesses to express their concerns and give input on business • V6, S3 development Effect Women might not have job opportunities equal to men in the camps • V6, S3 Mitigation Make any jobs available to men in the camps also available to women • V6, S3, S5 Effect Cultural differences, particularly in the camps, cause racial discrimination, physical and • V6, S3, S5, S6 emotional abuse Mitigation Have mandatory cross-cultural training for people from the north and the south • V6, S3, S5 Provide Aboriginal counsellors in camps to counsel Aboriginal employees • V6, S3, S5 Effect Camp employees exhibiting unlawful behaviour in camps • V6, S5 Mitigation Ensure camps follow policies in Canadian Standards for Controlled Camps • V6, S3, S5 Do not permit alcohol or drugs on-site • V6, S3, S5 Make adequate recreational facilities available on-site at the camps • V6, S4 Effect Opportunity for employment for local residents might be reduced with a union workforce • V6, S3 Mitigation Require unions to sign a cooperation agreement • V6, S3 Effect Lack of education in schools about career choices on the project results in students dropping out • V6, S3, S5 of school for short-term job opportunities Mitigation Have the project provide information to schools about the project and project effects • V6, S3, S5 Page 4-110 August 2004

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Employment, Effect Concern that people with inadequate training and certification will have no chance for project • V6, S3 training and employment business Mitigation Train people with experience on the land but with low literacy levels to work as environmental • V6, S3 opportunities monitors (cont’d) Effect Concern that training will not be transmitted adequately to all people in the communities because • V6, S3, S5 of low literacy levels Mitigation Give training orally because literacy skills are not high in Aboriginal communities • V6, S3 Local services and Effect Safe vehicular travel conditions and road maintenance for local residents could be compromised • V6, S4 infrastructure by the proposed increase in project traffic Mitigation Work collaboratively with the GNWT, municipal governments and the project to start planning • V6, S4 now to maintain, repair and improve existing roads Run trucks in convoys • V6, S4 Designate specific times and notify local residents when trucks will be travelling on local roads • V6, S4 used by the communities Develop railway infrastructure as an alternative to using roads to haul heavy loads • V6, S2 Integrate project transportation with existing scheduled air carriers to improve air transportation, • V6, S4 possibly resulting in indirect benefits to tourism and other businesses Build a service road around the communities to avoid heavier traffic moving through residential • V6, S4 and school areas Effect Human health and the environment could be compromised by inadequate disposal of large • V6, S5 amounts of liquid, solid and hazardous waste • V7, S3 Mitigation Coordinate disposal of liquid and solid waste with local communities • V7, S3 Implement recycling programs • V7, S3 Have the project upgrade local waste facilities with new technology and processes to support the • V7, S3 project needs, and leave it in the communities as a legacy once the project is finished Effect Service people being lured to the project because of higher wages, leaving vacancies in • V6, S3 municipalities for those capable of providing such services Mitigation Provide a buffer of skilled people to fill gaps left in municipalities • V6, S3

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Public safety Effect Lack of RCMP presence at EIS workshops is a concern with respect to how public safety will • V1, S4 be handled on the project • V6, S5 Mitigation Detachment commanders along the pipeline corridor have been consulted, and NWT • V6, S5 commanders will be meeting in Yellowknife with project leadership Effect With fuel shortage in the U.S., the project takes on increased importance and becomes a • V7, S3 target for terrorism. What is the potential for terrorism, and what kind of security will be in place to deal with terrorism, particularly in the pipeline area? Social services Effect Medivac expenses for project personnel could be paid by the community • V6, S5 and health Mitigation Community to pay local resident Medivac, and project personnel Medivac to be paid by the • V6, S5 project Effect Project-associated population increase stresses health centres in Fort Simpson and Hay River • V6, S3 • V6, S5 Mitigation Use existing models, such as those developed by diamond mine industry, as an example for • V6, S5 health services Give the Deh Cho Regional Health Authority health project planning information early so they • V6, S5 can forecast capacity-building and funding needs Effect The current capacity of Deh Cho Regional Health might not be adequate to effectively deal • V6, S5 with increases in STDs, alcohol and drug abuse, road and traffic accidents Mitigation Give communities social impact funding to be accessible by community band councils and • V6, S4, S5 others to deal with an increase in social problems. As the needs for social services increases, funding should increase for communities, not just for the health authority Develop clear responsibilities for the Deh Cho Regional Health Authority, the project and the • V6, S5 GNWT as to who will be responsible for what from a health perspective Traditional culture Effect Project activities could result in lack of respect for the spirit of the land • V6, S6 Mitigation Honour the land through Traditional Knowledge studies done in consultation with the • V1, S3 communities Consider the special areas identified in Traditional Knowledge studies when designing the • V2, S2 pipeline. Try to avoid culturally and spiritually significant areas Effect Project activities and commitments resulting in local people spending less time on the land • V6, S6 (decline in traditional land use) Additional income from the project could permit purchase of better harvesting equipment, • V6, S6 resulting in more participation in traditional activities

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Table 4-20: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Deh Cho Region Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Traditional culture Mitigation Give local residents time off to participate in traditional activities • V6, S6 (cont’d) Provide cultural awareness training for both Aboriginal people and people from the south • V6, S6 Effect Cultural differences making it difficult for Elders in the Deh Cho communities to understand the • V1, S4 project Mitigation Develop an information booklet for Elders written in their native language • V1, S4 Use more pictures to aid in communication with Elders • V1, S4

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Workshop objectives were to:

• review and discuss with NGOs the public participation program and the issues that had been identified with the communities and some northern-based NGO representatives

• describe the project effects that had been identified and the steps being taken to assess them

• discuss the remaining steps to be taken in preparation of the EIS

• review suggestions about when and how further community and NGO input might be gathered

• help facilitate an understanding among the NGO representatives of the various community perspectives associated with the project, and register the importance of these perspectives in the preparation of the EIS

• ensure community representatives are aware of NGO concerns about the proposed project and their suggestions for how project effects might be managed A second NGO workshop was held March 22 to 23, 2004 as part of the Round 2 participation activities. 4.6.1 Round 1 Nongovernment Organization Workshop 4.6.1.1 Workshop Attendance Workshop participants included representatives of local, national and international NGOs and key leadership organizations within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area, Sahtu Settlement Area and Deh Cho Region. Excluding attendees from the project proponents and the government agencies, there were about 40 participants representing 32 organizations at the workshop. Most were northern participants, including members of community organizations, such as Elder and youth groups, hunters’ and trappers’ committees, community corporations and renewable resource councils. Given the variety of attendees, the workshop functioned as a joint community– NGO workshop, and community representatives actively contributed to identify effects and mitigation measures. 4.6.1.2 Workshop Format Before the workshop, a public participation team member contacted each organization to extend a verbal invitation. The verbal contact was followed by a formal invitation and written information about the workshop, including an agenda and matrices dealing with biophysical and socio-economic effects.

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The workshop combined facilitated plenary sessions and small breakout group discussions. The opening plenary session included an update of the project description and the EIS process overview. The later presentation outlined how public input is used to prepare the EIS. Following the plenary session, five breakout discussion groups were formed and asked to comment on and add to the biophysical and socio-economic issues that had been identified by the communities. During the morning of December 10, representatives of the assessment team provided an overview of the identified project effects. The overview was accompanied by general examples of measures that could be used to manage the effects. Following this presentation, discussions within the small groups took place again and were reported back to the plenary session in the afternoon. 4.6.1.3 Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 Workshop Table 4-21 presents the possible project issues, possible effects and suggested mitigation measures identified by the workshop attendees. The organization of issue categories is based on the assessment matrices that were sent to the participants before the workshop. Assessment matrices gave attendees the biophysical and socio-economic issue categories.

Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Theme-Based Issues Scope of EIS Effect Scope is narrow Need to look wider than just a 1-km corridor Need to look at cumulative effects Mitigation Ensure project scoping addresses the potential for different sizes and configurations of the study areas, corridors and boundaries related to the socio-economic and biophysical components. Single approach to boundary delineation is not adequate Adopt a broad landscape ecology approach Consider the role of Traditional Knowledge and culture in stewardship of the land and its flora and fauna Consider the implications for biodiversity, sustainability and compliance with the Species at Risk Act (Government of Canada 2003) Consultation Effect Not all stakeholders having the same capacity to absorb and process understand issues: • stakeholders need to look at and verify baseline data • need time to review and respond • need time to do own studies and incorporate traditional knowledge • want to see field reports • too much information • too little time – process is rushed • lack of balance; some regions more prepared and ready to participate than others

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Consultation Effect Need to have more focused consultations about issues and stakeholder process (cont’d) (cont’d) interests Do not have words for mitigation measures and cumulative effects in Aboriginal languages PowerPoint slides do not work for communities

NGO position needs time to be formulated in consultation with communities What is the timing and turnaround to get back to stakeholders and communities with answers and more information? How can communities express concerns in a timely manner?

What is the timeframe? Without knowing, it is hard to ask appropriate questions and suggest mitigation measures Mitigation Organize cross-sectoral and multi-theme discussions to better understand the complexity of the issues and to bring forth new and different ideas for possible mitigation measures Continue discussions, building relationships and working down to ever- increasing detail When visiting communities, avoid fly-in and fly-out by: • staying with families • having community meals • giving information in advance Get more information out to the communities in ways they can understand by: • using simple terms to aid comprehension and translation • providing better follow-up • ensuring people who attend consultations report back to their communities Provide more and longer consultation workshops Devote a workshop entirely to socio-economic effects Slow down or stop consultation process until answers can be provided State no-go options in the EIS and why some issues might not be worked Include common social issues as part of the public process for mitigation. Broad common issues could benefit from a partnership approach Execution of the Effect EIS should be a model exercise because of project magnitude and Environmental sensitive environmental setting Impact Statement Mitigation Research opportunities and maximize efforts to develop ground- breaking approaches and methodologies Ground EIS in ethical approaches to all matters and reflect proponents’ accountability

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Execution of the Mitigation Merge the EIS with existing planning processes and initiatives in the Environmental (cont’d) North. For example, several land use planning processes are not only Impact Statement germane to the EIS execution, but could save time and money if there (cont’d) was integration of data collection and identifying community needs and issues Use the lessons learned from similar projects in comparable environmental settings, such as the North Slope Effect The project could trigger further resource exploration and production activity and future pipeline and facilities development. Many of the communities that could be affected by the project are already being affected by diamond mining and exploration activities Mitigation Prepare a cumulative effects assessment according to Canadian Environmental Assessment Act guidelines Effect Need creative approaches to the development of mitigation measures Mitigation Incorporate sound programming responses and use existing mechanisms, such as friendship centres, for counselling and training First consider using existing facilities and sites where mitigation will involve the development of infrastructure. If new facilities are necessary, plan for multiple purposes to ensure that the project provides a legacy for the northern population. Resolve serious inadequacies in community facilities and services, particularly in banking and housing Monitoring Effect The development and implementation of a practical and effective monitoring regime is paramount Mitigation Ensure the consistent interpretation of applicable guidelines, standards and regulations and consistent enforcement across the region by using monitoring tools that comprise both region-wide core standards and area-specific standards that consider the details of a specific geographic area Empower an independent party with the authority to issue and enforce orders to stop work or to take corrective action, as applicable. The reporting regime and chain of communication must be clearly articulated, adhered to and communicated throughout the region Ensure companies meet conditions to prevent spills or leaks and other environmental commitments Begin monitoring immediately to track variations from baseline conditions and the consequences of other concurrent projects in the region Effect Monitoring requirements during operations are long term, offering excellent employment opportunities for northern residents who understand the environmental, and social and cultural character of the region Mitigation Design and implement training for northern monitors

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Monitoring Effect Capacity for monitoring is an issue because there are only four or five (cont’d) officers in the Northwest Territories Monitors not well trained or funded No process or resources to monitor work Mitigation Track spills Provide authority to stop project Set standards in each area Develop environmental bonding Provide incentives for performance and compliance Provide maps on how to report environmental incidents Get experienced monitors Ensure monitoring includes reporting back Ramp-up of Effect Requirements of the stakeholders and the project proponents are community conflicting: capacity • the project has raised expectations in the communities for employment and economic benefits, and communities are anxious for the project to proceed, providing conditions are met • communities are concerned that potential socio-economic and biophysical effects be assessed in detail, appropriate mitigation measures be developed and a sound monitoring protocol be established Aspects of the project can seem overwhelming to the communities Roles and responsibilities of the Government of the Northwest Territories, the Government of Canada and the proponents lack clarity in certain instances Northern Reality Effect Project design and mitigation measures consider the realities of the North, including the social, cultural and physical environments The absorptive capacity in the communities is limited by many factors, including: • small populations • language barriers, e.g., there are no Aboriginal words for some concepts • constrained financial resources • strained human resources Community participants expressing the opinion that our human health and resources have no price

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures The Broader Effect Consider issues in the EIS that transcend the spatial and temporal Spectrum boundaries of the project. For example: • The Kyoto Protocol should be incorporated in the discussions. Natural gas is considered to be a clean fuel from an energy-use perspective. It offers some environmental benefits, and its wider use in direct applications improves Canada’s commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Energy sector projects often result in environmental effects near the project location, whereas most of the positive social and economic benefits accrue to users and to geographic areas that are far removed from the project area Mitigation Benefits to northern residents need to be equitably distributed by better allocating permanent employment opportunities and other forms of creative compensation, but not necessarily monetary compensation Biological and Physical Environment Air Effect Flaring and extraction, compressor station emissions and leaks all contribute to greenhouse gasses Distance that exhaust fumes will travel from equipment Increased dust might become a problem in the communities, creating health effects, especially on Elders Pipeline breaks Effects of air pollution on human and wildlife health How will Imperial Oil’s current position on climate change affect the project? How will companies’ environmental and social track records be included in the assessment? Need to look at the net effect of the project on greenhouse gases Need to look at broader effects of the pipeline and oil and gas industry on issues such as climate change Mitigation Offset emissions by planting trees Create a carbon sink Plant vegetation to absorb carbon generated at flares and compressors Use only new equipment with emission controls, e.g., use specs for trucks and equipment, as Syncrude and Suncor did Forbid idling of vehicles Put communities on hydro rather than diesel-generated power to reduce greenhouse emissions, or bring natural gas into communities Pave some roads Be clear about what will and will not be incinerated, e.g., plastics Monitor greenhouse gas emissions Use highest standards for construction, facilities and equipment Integrate eco-efficiency requirements in project design and operations

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Air (cont’d) Mitigation Prescribe highest standards from suppliers (cont’d) Use renewable resources, such as sun and wind

Reduce CO2 losses from boreal forest – avoid affecting wetlands and other areas with a lot of CO2 Compensate people for damage Contribute to solutions or better decisions Employ best practices Fish and fish Effect Debris left in streams, i.e., blockages, will affect fish populations habitat Fishing in lakes around camps Effect on whales Restocking of lakes Cumulative effects Mitigation Permit no fishing in lakes around camps Control access to fishing areas Do not mix species Restock with correct species Look at offshore developments and marine protected areas Noise Effect Low flying aircraft will affect birds and wildlife Barge traffic noise Noise from compressor stations Concern that noise will disturb animals and fish and therefore subsistence lifestyle Need to look at how the project will operate in and near the bird sanctuary Increase in road transportation causes noise, emissions, and wear and tear on roads Noise is an issue because construction is planned for prime migration period Mitigation Reduce low-level flying Use local knowledge and satellite imagery to track animals and avoid them Employ best practices Sudden noise is more disruptive than constant or white noise Scale, cumulative Effect How big a footprint? What is the cumulative effect of the footprint, and effects other fields of onshore and offshore gas? 1-km corridor is not sufficient because of interconnectedness in the North Project scoping issue, environmental assessment scoping issue Area

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Scale, cumulative Effect Time effects (cont’d) (cont’d) Concern that effects will be long-term and irreversible Will change environment Will change ability to harvest Will change way of life and economic well-being Will change social well-being Mitigation Make the study area large enough to include all potential effects. Avoid constraining too early. Soils Effect Concern about transfer of soil contaminated with diseases Location of barge landings Need to look at ground subsidence because of gas extraction How will material excavation at Parsons Lake be handled? Thawing of permafrost Sumps and contaminants kill vegetation Damage, i.e., cratering, can be done by seismic blasting if charges are not deep enough Acidic runoff caused by exposure of rock How to manage gravel sources? Clearing of right-of-way Bio-accumulation of contaminants around the production area How will compacting of soil by large vehicles be handled or considered? Pipeline will affect soils, landforms, vegetation in corridor and related exploration areas i.e., areas that will be opened up once pipeline is in Will there be all-weather roads to gravel sources? What are gravel sources? Will there be shortages? Mitigation Require clean disposal Reduce sumps Take away grey matter Learn about slumps from postevaluation of Enbridge Pipeline Monitor restoration completion Revegetate gravel pits Chip vegetation Salvage useable timber Monitor Use protected areas as benchmarks

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Vegetation Effect Effect on traditional berry and medicine harvest areas Need to look at how endangered plant species might be affected Revegetation with what species? Disposal of cut trees often disturbs aquatic life if left piled Puddling can occur in areas where trees are cut Concern over introduction of noxious, invasive species Mitigation Monitor vegetation and wildlife after construction Track vegetation changes Use native species Start programs to cultivate native species now Snow seeding Take a wide view – need protected areas for benchmarking and baseline data Remove vegetation before it becomes a forest fire hazard Salvage timber Do not burn timber Clean equipment to ensure it is weed-free before coming north Water Effect Spills from the project Need to look at whether water used for camps will be trucked in or pipe- delivered. What will the source be? Sewage disposal: sewage for 900-person camps is an issue What is the receiving body of water for treated water? Testing of water Changes in stream flow Soil erosion from barge wake could affect family fishing enterprise Barge traffic might disturb local river users. People need to get off the river when they see a barge, for fear of swamping How will river slopes be reclaimed after road construction and use? Need to look at the effect of dredging for barges Water for camps and for ice road will cause water drawdown in winter. Must not be so low as to affect fish stock Need to look at the plan for river crossings There is no legislation or regulation for the use of stored barges Need to look at the effect of wakes on nesting shore birds How will sedimentary buildup affect temperature and nutrients in water? Mitigation Ensure communities help determine water sources Consider that normal breakdown processes might not work in northern areas

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Water (cont’d) Mitigation Leave no waste. Truck it out (cont’d) Inform people about the barge schedule and the decisions about when barges should travel Forbid water extraction from fish and beaver lakes Set standards about water withdrawal from lakes for camps Test lakes for fish before withdrawal Adopt best practices for crossings that will create least disturbance Consider regular checks Keep spillage control materials on board until stored Consider writing provisions into contracts with barge companies about regular checks Wildlife Effect Highway traffic volume affects wildlife populations Diseases and disease transfer Increased hunting and fishing and a larger area for hunting Compensation for habitat loss by creating new habitat Project could affect migration and travel patterns. Caribou east of the delta are an issue. The proposed line is in the middle of wintering grounds Species at risk Beluga whales – issues around dredging for barge operations Grizzly bears are plentiful Mitigation Clean equipment before moving north Identify critical habitat sites. If critical habitat is destroyed, the project should create replacement habitat in adjacent areas Map the areas to be avoided by the project Compensate affected traplines and harvest areas Monitor effects of flaring, blasting and drilling on surrounding people, animals and water Fund research that monitors wildlife Respect the Gwich’in Settlement Area land use plan for the wildlife management area Use existing Ikhil right-of-way Include avoidance measures up to and including moving the route for wildlife mitigation Do not disturb migrating caribou or birds Monitor contaminants that could enter the food chain Clean up site Need regulation Monitor

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Wildlife (cont’d) Mitigation Select key and core areas to ensure their protection based on critical (cont’d) habitats identified in the impact assessment Consider Berger’s recommendations of a network of protected areas

Socio-Economic Effects Community Effect Increased cost and demand for housing infrastructure Increased demand on community utilities, e.g., water, sewer, waste management, roads and services, e.g., zoning, planning, building permits Increased demand for locally available building supplies More pests attracted by garbage Opportunities for communities to access gas for local energy needs Mitigation Build housing for long term, not for duration of project construction Upgrade existing substandard housing Prevent landlords from converting apartments into hotels Discourage speculative immigrants by raising awareness of project realities Involve NGOs or local agencies because government is not always responsive Identify needs with sufficient lead time to take necessary action Provide training in expected service jobs Source major procurement needs from south Develop comprehensive project waste management strategy including recycling centres, appropriate disposal facilities, handling and burn policies, and protective fencing, e.g., electronic for bears Develop local gas distribution and pricing policy Evaluate feasibility of co-generation opportunities Economy Effect More ecotourism because of enhanced access and road infrastructure Boom and bust cycle because of dramatic difference between the numbers of construction jobs and operations jobs Dysfunctions in local labour force because of better incomes offered by project Increased opportunities for existing business More long-term employment opportunities in oil and gas exploration Reduced quality of tourism and other outdoor experiences because of compressor station noise Mitigation Maximize business opportunities by developing tourism strategies and counselling potential entrepreneurs Ensure awareness of construction and operations employment levels, and maximize long-term jobs for northern residents

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Economy (cont’d) Mitigation Expose students to project through co-op programs, and encourage (cont’d) them to stay in school Train and educate to back-fill vacancies created Break-up large contracts to create opportunities for smaller companies

Establish community economic development officers responsible for ensuring benefits accrue locally Focus on operations job education and training Reduce noise levels at all pipeline facilities Employment and Effect Increased employment opportunities training Mitigation Recognize IDC agreement to ensure northern Aboriginal involvement Resolve use of unionized labour Resolve employee benefits Provide training so community people can qualify for technical, management and environmental assessment positions Provide training incentives, such as guaranteed employment Provide young people with information on operations employment opportunities Be explicit about project training opportunities as soon as possible Family and Effect Overwork community health Stress for men and women because of family separation Increased family violence caused by alcohol consumption, increased income and separation Community members move south to work after pipeline is built Out-migration of community members to work on project Loss of community leadership because of project employment opportunities Inequitable distribution of employment and economic benefits among communities Erosion of, and pressures on, small-community lifestyle because of construction workers, increased vehicle traffic, drugs, bootlegging, gambling and racism Inequitable distribution of employment and economic benefits among women Inequitable distribution of employment and economic benefits among people with disabilities Mitigation Set standards for maximum overtime hours and for counselling on health and safety effects of overworking Set up a hotline for home communication Have employee flex-time and leaves for important family and cultural activities

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Family and Mitigation Provide counselling on money management and alcohol abuse community health (cont’d) Provide improved banking services and incentives to encourage (cont’d) savings and investment Train and educate people who remain in the communities Provide community leadership training and mentoring Identify community organizations that can dialogue with the people and businesses to ensure benefits accrue as desired Provide counselling on entrepreneurship and business management Conduct community investment needs analysis Develop community – industry partnerships Provide incentives for employees to advance with their job training Ensure policies and procedures on behaviour and safety and that zero tolerance for drugs, alcohol and racism applies to all, including project employees and contractors Provide cultural orientation Provide wellness plans with comprehensive indicators specific to each community Provide an ombudsman to review complaints Provide outreach activities specifically geared to women to raise awareness Develop female role models Provide child care and other needed family responsibility measures Ask Northwest Territories Association for Persons with Disabilities to develop guidelines and policies Design accessible worksites and facilities according to the National Building Code, where practical Public safety Effect Increased crime and violence Increased incidents and emergencies Increased workplace injury and disability Increased risk of swamping local river users because of barge traffic Mitigation Develop relevant construction camp policies Ensure presence of RCMP, substance abuse workers, registered nurses and security in camps Establish effective emergency response plans Develop and enforce project safety, health and environment policies Provide safety, health and environment training for workers Communicate barge schedules and consult with users about when barges should travel

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Social and health Effect Increased pressure on social services delivery, e.g., health care, services treatment centres, RCMP, correctional institutions, shelters Further reduced health care access and service Increased fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects Reduced spiritual wellness More pregnancies because of migrant workers Mitigation Apply lessons learned from diamond mine socio-economic commitments Ensure industry contributes pro rata to share of social service costs Develop project social responsibility code Use friendship centres to deliver social programs Build the project’s health care facilities in communities so local people and workers can benefit Provide counselling and educational programs to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects Provide counselling from religious groups, institutions and churches Provide counselling from social workers and teachers Traditional Effect Reduction or elimination of traditional harvesting activities because of: lifestyle • changes in wildlife migration patterns and habitats • lack of access to gathering grounds • grading of roads or melting of ice roads • removal of water from waterbodies • dredging activities • pipeline leaks and spills Loss or reduction of traditional harvesting skills in future generations Loss of language Mitigation Reduce noise levels at pipeline facilities Avoid important habitat and sensitive areas either completely or during specific times and seasons Compensate in the form of caribou meat Limit water extraction during critical spawning and migration periods Develop protected areas to ensure biodiversity and resource sustainability Allow employee flex-time and leaves during important harvesting periods Accommodate harvest time in work schedules for people with subsistence requirements Provide counselling to ensure project income is spent on harvesting tools, such as skidoos and boats, rather than on other recreational distractions

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Table 4-21: Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 1 NGO Workshop (cont’d) Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Traditional Mitigation Ensure traditional ways are protected and maintained through cultural lifestyle (cont’d) (cont’d) experiences and education Hold language classes in worker camps Additional Issues Accountability Effect Is there anything in the EIS that outlines plans for cleanup and reclamation and that holds companies accountable? Will there be a nongovernment, nonregulatory, nonindustry watchdog? Contractors should also be accountable What risk management procedures are in place? Mitigation Do better cleanup than in the past Use bond for pipeline to fund cleanup of existing sites Establish penalties for incidents Ensure procedures are specific and supported by all Provide containers for drilling waste Draft an ethics and accountability statement Ensure transparency International Effect What are the global effects on climate change? issues International concerns – Russia and Middle East politics could affect the project Trade agreements if export gas

Workshop participants developed several themes that encompassed the categories in the assessment matrices. The themes were:

• scope of the EIS – participants determined the scope of the EIS is too narrow and that different approaches and study areas are needed to determine the range of effects that could occur within the socio-economic and biophysical environments

• consultation process – participants suggested additional attention to the process is required to ensure prompt responses to questions raised in public participation activities. The process would be strengthened by providing stakeholders, where required, with sufficient time and training to comment meaningfully on the project

• execution of the EIS – many participants said the EIS should:

• be a model exercise that develops ground-breaking methodologies • be grounded in ethical approaches • merge with existing planning processes • examine cumulative impacts

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• mitigation – participants recommended creative approaches to developing mitigation measures that would incorporate sound programming responses, work with established organizations and use existing service delivery mechanisms

• monitoring – participants noted that a practical and effective monitoring regime is paramount, including establishment of an independent party responsible for monitoring and employing northerners for monitoring work during operations

• ramp-up of community capacity – although there is broad interest in seeing the project proceed, provided conditions are met, participants are concerned that northern communities will have the capacity to respond effectively to the seemingly overwhelming demands that the project will create in preparing the assessment and in developing sound mitigation measures and monitoring protocols

• northern reality – participants were adamant that the project design and mitigation measures consider the unique realities of the North, including the cold climate, vast distances and small communities

• broader spectrum – participants said broader issues need to be considered beyond the spatial and temporal boundaries of the EIS. Consideration should be given to the contribution the pipeline could make to the Kyoto Accord, to the geographic distribution of the environmental effects, and to the social and economic benefits

The beginning of Table 4-21, shown previously, lists the possible effects and suggested mitigation measures imbedded within these broad themes, followed by comments on biophysical and socio-economic issues that arose from the assessment matrices. Issues not included in the assessment matrices are at the end of the table.

4.6.1.4 Addressing Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures

The assessment team used the information provided by workshop participants to clarify, refine and validate the effects the team had previously identified. Identified effects and mitigation measures were reported to the Round 2 NGO workshop where they were refined and added to. Section 4.6.2.4, Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Workshop, presents the results of the Round 2 workshop and shows where effects and mitigation measures identified by the workshop attendees have been addressed in the EIS.

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4.6.2 Round 2 Nongovernment Organization Workshop

The second NGO workshop was held to:

• provide an update on the project and the environmental assessment work done since the first NGO workshop in December 2003

• facilitate further discussion among NGO representatives, northern communities and project proponents about the specific and cumulative effects of the project and ways in which they can be best managed

The workshop was held at Northern United Place, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories on March 22 to 24, 2004.

4.6.2.1 Workshop Attendance

Workshop attendees included representatives of local, national and international NGOs, and from key leadership organizations in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area, Sahtu Settlement Area and Deh Cho Region. Representatives of the project proponents facilitated discussions, and provided resources as needed, and representatives of government regulatory agencies were present to observe the workshop and to respond to questions about the regulatory process.

There were a total of 31 NGOs and community organizations represented by 40 attendees. The composition of the attendees was similar to the first NGO workshop, with northern communities being well-represented and northern attendees contributing by identifying effects and suggesting mitigation measures.

4.6.2.2 Workshop Format

Invitees to the first workshop were sent an advance notice about the second workshop to alert them that the workshop was being planned. This notice was followed by a telephone call inviting them to attend, and then followed by a formal written invitation.

When registering, attendees were provided with:

• a final meeting agenda

• a list of topics for discussion, including directions describing how these topics were to be addressed by the six discussion groups

• tables with summary information about each of the topics, including project issues and effects, effects management and assessment results

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• copies of the biophysical and socio-economic assessment matrices used in the recent community meetings in the Sahtu Settlement Area and in the second Inuvialuit Settlement Region–Gwich’in Settlement Area regional workshop

• an exit survey to be filled out and returned before leaving

The workshop began with a reception on the evening of March 22, 2004. The opening plenary session of March 23 included a review of refinements to the project and an overview of public participation in the communities since the first NGO workshop.

Issues and questions registered at the first NGO workshop were reviewed and response was given. Responses were provided to questions and issues regarding the following topics, among others:

• winter watercourse crossing surveys to identify overwintering and spawning habitats

• landscape-scale approach for terrestrial and marine studies, such as for wildlife, vegetation, landforms and marine mammals, and a community- focused socio-economic assessment

• cumulative effects assessment to conform closely with Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency guidelines and other guidance documents

• biodiversity, including an assessment of species at risk and rare biological communities

• protected areas network

• selection of valued components

Small discussion groups were convened to give attendees the opportunity to discuss eight topics:

• climate • community wellness • employment, training and business opportunities • habitat conservation • permafrost and landforms • traditional land use and culture • transportation and community infrastructure • water issues and fish

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These topics were identified as being of most concern to people at the first NGO workshop and were the most frequently raised issues in meetings with communities. During the workshop, attendees raised the additional topic areas of:

• cumulative effects • protected areas strategy

4.6.2.3 Key Common Themes from the Workshop

Workshop participants offered several key messages during the workshop, which informed discussions about specific effects and suggested mitigation measures. The discussions are grouped into the following common themes:

• progress with public participation activities and execution of the environmental impact statement – participants thought the plenary and breakout discussions were well animated and that they generated useful and practical ideas. Almost all participants considered the workshop to be an effective tool for validating scoping issues, effects assessment and possible mitigation. The project proponents considered the feedback to be useful additional input to the EIS filing. Everyone agreed that project public participation is moving forward and attaining increasing levels of detail.

• analysis of data and presentation of information – participants recognized the challenge of adequately describing a pipeline corridor that is about 1200 km long, crossing a wide variety of terrain and involving myriad elements. However, they are not satisfied with broad statements and general indicators, but want thorough answers to meticulous questions.

• communication and shared responsibility – the notion of shared responsibility became an ingredient of many discussions, emphasizing the importance of enhancing communication between the communities and the governments of Canada and the Northwest Territories. A strong dialogue between project proponents, NGOs, communities and governments would be fundamental to creating the partnership that would ensure the success of the project in a manner that safeguards the biophysical and socio-economic environments and that complies with all relevant legislation and regulations.

Participants noted that fostering better communication requires a more effective reach to some segments of the population that are often left out of project discussions, including community Elders, children and women.

With increasing awareness that effects management is not solely the vision of the project proponents, there was a desire to allocate and delineate responsibilities for each party and to elaborate positive strategies to effectively and harmoniously resolve problems and optimize opportunities.

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• compliance with existing legislation, regulations and standards – participants frequently cited the need for the project to recognize and comply with, the many existing agreements and federal and territorial legislation and regulations. Compliance with the rule of law and the spirit of guidelines and policies would ensure that entitlements are respected, benefits realized and the environment protected. Many concerns would be, if not eliminated, at least alleviated if participants were more fluent in the many industry standards that apply to construction of a major pipeline in a northern environment.

Determining cumulative effects is a serious concern for community and NGO participants alike. The participants are adamant that project cumulative effects assessment be conducted, at minimum, in accordance with the relevant documents published by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency and, at best, that they follow recommendations of American and international bodies. Participants are also concerned about the effects the project might have on completing the Protected Areas Strategy network.

• project schedule – timing of the various construction activities was an underlying theme in most discussions. The cycle of project events has a ripple effect and encompasses many aspects of the biophysical and socio- economic environment, from caribou herd migration patterns, to lining up to get a job, to a local business placing an order for a pickup truck. Concern was expressed about:

• the capacity of the communities to consider all of the project information and the EIS

• the business community’s ability to prepare for the opportunities to be generated by the pipeline

• the need to avoid a boom-and-bust scenario

• postconstruction opportunities and the long-term sustainability of particular occupations

4.6.2.4 Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 Workshop

This section is a summary of the discussion group output about themes selected for the workshop. Because of individual group needs, there was a slight difference in the amount of time spent discussing each theme. However, an attempt was made to allocate equal time to each theme, and appropriate resource people were available to introduce the subject matter and assist the facilitator.

Table 4-22 describes the effects and suggested mitigation measures identified in the small group discussions.

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Climate Effect Decreasing the integrity of the ice roads and building foundation slabs • V5, S11 Concern about health and safety hazards associated with flaring Increasing risk of forest fires Increasing methane and carbon dioxide releases What are the mechanisms to decrease GHGs? Northern communities are already seeing effects on the land of the climate changing to warmer conditions Consideration in the analysis of GHG emissions of the changing capacity of the boreal forests and bogs to store carbon Is the potential for abrupt climate change factored into the design? Concern about the effect of climate change on Arctic ice and permafrost Project adding stress to GHG emissions in the Northwest Territories in terms of meeting Kyoto standards Abrupt changes, i.e., emission spikes, causing short-term problems Mitigation Consult Elders about long-term historical observations regarding climate change • V5, S11 Examine effects on wildlife habitat, permafrost, ecoregion boundaries and socio-economic • V7, S3 conditions Use alternate energy sources for the compressor stations Conform to Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency guidelines for greenhouse gas management plans and its Incorporating Climate Change Considerations in Environmental Assessment: General Guidance for Practitioners (CEAA 2003) Consider the increase in emissions associated with the whole pipeline life cycle Examine the indirect effects of subsidiary emissions, such as use of project gas to develop the Athabasca Tar Sands Assess potential pollution caused by compressor stations Assess cumulative effects on a local and global scale and in terms of future exploration and development Use community tie-ins to limit fuel GHG emissions

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Climate (cont’d) Mitigation Continuously monitor climate change and its effect on permafrost and sea ice (cont’d) Measure the use of gas along the supply chain to determine the contribution to GHGs Make camps fuel efficient and sustainable Develop complex significance testing to measure the project effects Ensure monitoring plans and reporting are consistent with Canada’s Climate Change Action Plan Community Effect There are pre-existing social problems in the communities, and new short-term wealth might • V6, S5 wellness exacerbate the situation and create new issues. Therefore, the project should contribute to existing programs Women are concerned for their safety on the job site and in the camps. What will be done to • V6, S3, S5 ensure their safety in the camps? Can existing agencies deal with increased community social problems that might be associated • V6, S5 with the pipeline? The cumulative effects assessment needs to take this issue into account. The area of project-related social responsibility is much broader than two years The project must be conscious of issues unique to women. For example, many Aboriginal women • V1, S4 won’t express themselves openly in certain group settings Will there be a separate camp for women and married couples? • V6, S3 Community members are concerned about on-site safety and the dissemination of information on • V6, S5 work-related accidents and injuries Concern that parents might leave children at home alone for long periods while they go to work on • V6, S5 pipeline jobs. Daycare and homecare service is necessary. People being away to work on the pipeline will strain their families. Need to consider the effects of • V6, S5 this strain on distinct segments of the population, including children, adults and Elders The project assumption is that indicators that lead to economic growth are positive. However, • V6, S5 economic development might not be a positive experience for people living in the Northwest Territories The project should be aware that existing health conditions in the North are fragile and vulnerable. • V6, S5 The project might amplify existing health problems The communities have identified money management as an issue. If banking facilities are not in • V6, S3, S5 place, money will likely be spent unwisely In the future, the pipeline might be a national security risk. Considerations for security need to be • V2 long term

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Community Mitigation Conduct consultation sessions with women alone. This might facilitate the discussion of different • V6, S5 wellness (cont’d) issues Create programs to debrief communities on work-related safety incidents • V6, S5 Work with GNWT Health and Social Services to find appropriate childcare in each region • V6, S5 Hold debriefing sessions with workers at the camps before they return to the communities to • V6, S3 prepare them for the financial pressures they might encounter from friends and family Enable camp workers to continue spiritual practices. Bring a minister and, or, Elders into the camp • V6, S3 to help northern workers cope with camp-related stress. Work with Aboriginal liaison officers to • V6, S6 make counselling readily available in and outside the camps Start working with local social services now to increase the capacity to deal with the greater • V6, S5 demand that will arise from the project. The responsibility should be shared between the project and the GNWT Make communication systems available to camp workers to help maintain contact with their • V6, S3 families Include in the employee-hiring package information on the help-line, legal-line and social services. • V6, S3 Provide contact numbers on a small laminated card or another format that allow workers to carry them at all times Addressing community wellness means ensuring money is allocated appropriately. Clarify the term • V6, S3 cooperation. Implement on-site security measures to prevent drugs and alcohol from entering the communities • V6, S5 Implement standardized cultural awareness training for both southerners and northerners. Content • V6, S3, S5, S6 can be developed that is particular to the target group. Discuss money management options with single- and double-parent families in the communities • V6, S3 Find resources to help interpret the document and facilitate the application process • V6, S4 Disseminate project information on a national scale • V1 Cumulative Effect Participants need more detail on the approach to assess cumulative effects: • V5, S12 effects • on local and global scales • V6, S9 • of future hydrocarbon exploration and development

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Cumulative Mitigation Closely follow the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency’s Cumulative Effects Assessment • V5, S12 effects (cont’d) Practitioners Guide and other regulatory guidance documents, especially the Guide’s advice: • that temporal boundaries reflect the operational life of the project, e.g., exploration, construction, operations and abandonment • to analyze cumulative effects in discrete periods of time As the best approach, assess cumulative effects at different stages of development over the • V5, S12 expected lifespan of the project. The suggested reference is to the recommendations in the United States National Research Council 2003 report entitled, Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska’s North Slope Specify, in the terms of reference, other projects and activities to be considered in the cumulative • V1, S1 effects assessment, including, for example: • existing natural gas exploration projects and activities in the Mackenzie Delta and Beaufort Sea • the Norman Wells development and oil pipeline • likely northern Alberta tar sands developments • existing and likely diamond, gold and other mines, forestry developments, and infrastructure developments in the Mackenzie Valley and Mackenzie Delta Employment, Effect Communities do not have the capacity to react to the environmental impact statement. Training is • V6, S3 training and needed business Communities need information about potential business opportunities, numbers of jobs for opportunities northerners and methods to obtain qualifications Are there plans to foster new business through the project? Will northern hires be able to work in any region? Local companies seeking contracts with the project and stopping service to the communities Project leading to boom-and-bust scenario, and the need to identify the sustainability of capacity building. Will skills be transferable? Concern that people taking the environmental monitoring course do not have practical experience Does preferential hiring of claimant groups for pipeline jobs pertain to settlement groups or the entire area? Expectations laid out in the prequalification questionnaire designed by the project surpassing the capacity and resources of Aboriginal businesses, and subsequently preventing them from capitalizing on opportunities Daycare needs must be addressed so women can take advantage of training and employment opportunities. A daycare subsidy would help address this issue

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Employment, Effect Are there incentives, such as recreation equipment, that might be given to the schools to keep the • V6, S3, S5 training and (cont’d) kids in school? What is being done for the children from grades 1 to 12? business Has the project defined an Aboriginal and northern business? opportunities Will there be special training or information-sharing sessions for women in the communities? The (cont’d) community leadership might be an additional barrier for women’s involvement in the project

Mitigation Ensure fairness and equitable access and treatment, which is a paramount consideration • V6, S3 Ensure clear, concise and consistent standards, protocols and procedures for: • V6, S3 • procurement • subcontracting agreements • joint venture arrangements, to optimize northern company participation • equipment rental and lease rates • contract tendering and bidding • geographic jurisdictions and workforce mobility between regions • defining Aboriginal and northern businesses. Use northerners for search and rescue teams Provide information on the timeline, numbers and kinds of project-related jobs on a regional basis. • V6, S2 This could be done through the local radio stations and translated into several languages • V6, S3 Proactively foster joint ventures for northern companies to facilitate local business participation on • V6, S3 the project Set subcontracting conditions and standards. Industry should set standard rates for local • V6, S3 equipment use Bring training into the communities through a mobile training co-venture, or work with the GNWT to • V6, S3 support regional training centres. Make hiring community-based Preferentially hire northerners for pipeline work. Use the GNWT model as a template because it • V6, S3 reduces barriers and allows more opportunities for women Ensure contract bidding is a transparent process, where everyone is evaluated in an open dialogue • V6, S3 Prepare a comprehensive bidding process guide for use by local contractors • V6, S3 Revise the prequalification process for northerners • V6, S3 Break down economic benefits by each region in the NWT • V6, S3 Get contract information to potential contractors early. Contracts need to be in place to build • V6, S3 capacity

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Employment, Mitigation Disseminate information on apprenticeship programs and long-term jobs to youth. Inuvialuit • V6, S3 training and (cont’d) Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Area have human resources officers. One person business could work with community youth and develop a training program opportunities Implement standardized performance measures for hiring Environmental and Wildlife monitors. • V6, S3 (cont’d) This is a business opportunity for Environmental Monitoring. Maximize opportunities for women by: • V6, S3, S5 • introducing measures to ensure women’s safety on the job site and in the worker camps • providing daycare facilities and subsidies so women can take advantage of training and employment opportunities • providing special training and information sharing sessions in the communities • awarding communication contracts to local women’s organizations that have the trust of northern and Aboriginal women • sensitizing community leadership to the benefits of women’s involvement • developing partnerships with other industry and government to invest in quality daycare services to help women take advantage of the opportunities offered to men Use creative scheduling of shifts for pipeline work to allow hunting and other traditional activities • V6, S6 Habitat Effect The schedule for dredging and barge traffic needs to limit the effect on marine mammals and fish • V5, S7, S10 conservation EIS needs to address how the project and cumulative effects will affect the Protected Areas • V6, S7 Strategy Communities have people to manage resources but no resources to deal with permits and • V6, S4 research licences Ecosystem and genetic biodiversity have not been examined for the EIS • V5, S13 What criteria were used to define the list of animals or the valued ecosystem components studied • V5, S10 for the impact assessment? Concern the right-of-way will lead to range expansion for some species • V5, S10 Concern about the migration of caribou across the river and potential conflict with barge traffic • V7, S3 Wildlife mortality will affect hunting quotas in the settlement areas • V5, S10 What kinds of noise and air quality assessments are being done? Are acceptable conditions based • V5, S2, S3 on the potential effect on humans or wildlife? Will flaring affect wildlife? • V5, S10

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Habitat Effect What effect will the barge waves have on shorebirds? • V5, S10 conservation (cont’d) In terms of habitat fragmentation, have critical habitats such as nesting sites and movement • V5, S10 (cont’d) corridors been considered? How will the project facilitate or restrict protected areas planning on the large scale? • V6, S7 Mitigation Set up an ecotype monitoring program to monitor: • V7, S6 • recovery in affected areas • nonaffected areas inside the corridor • similar ecotypes outside the corridor Develop a program, such as the Mackenzie Environmental Development Monitoring Program, to • V7, S6 respond to project monitoring Co-operate with industry in urging the government: • V7, S6 • to ensure legislation is in place to protect the land • for community management resources These ideas should be outlined in the EIS Effect Will marine mammals be monitored? • V5, S10 Can barges avoid a group of whales? • V7, S3 Mitigation Schedule dredging and barge movements to avoid prime migratory routes, periods of movement • V7, S3 and breeding times Follow marine mammal management plans already in place • V7, S3 Consider marine mammals in terms of cumulative effects • V7, S3 Permafrost and Effect Concern about the timeline for soil recovery. How long will it take? • V5, S8 landforms Will the camps affect the permafrost integrity? • V5, S8 Need to define low and high impacts and the method of determining a significant effect • V5, S8 Will dredging affect the terrain? • V5, S8 Concern that granular extraction will cause thermokarst activity • V5, S8 Will permafrost thaw during construction and removal of trees along right-of-way? • V5, S8 Risk of soil compaction for the permafrost layer during construction • V5, S8 New or non-native vegetation species becoming established in disturbed, i.e., warmer, areas • V5, S9

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Permafrost and Effect Will the overburden be stripped for the borrow sites and reclaimed before summer? What will • V7, S4 landforms cont’d) (cont’d) happen in permafrost areas with overburden removal? Concern about the use of sumps and associated water contamination • V5, S6 Pipeline integrity in areas where the permafrost has melted • V5, S8 Consequences of passing the pipeline through uncommon features including patterned ground, • V5, S8 i.e., ponding, needs to be investigated How will the integrity of the permafrost be monitored? • V5, S8 Mitigation Form another technical advisory committee to look at developing a common protocol for camp and • V7, S4 industry sumps Develop earthquake emergency response plans • V7, S5 Use visual resources, such as videos, to illustrate methods of pipeline construction • V1, S4 Gather information on adaptive pipeline management strategies to ensure problems do not cause • V2 pipeline failures Use displaced gravel for a community road • V6, S7 Establish community-based monitoring to consider different aspects of the potential effects on the • V5, S8 permafrost • V7, S6 Protected Areas Effect Establish, before project construction, a network of protected areas to represent potentially • V5, S10 Strategy affected ecoregions and to safeguard wildlife habitats and culturally significant areas • V6, S7 Land use plans are under-resourced in financial and community capacity terms, constraining the • V6, S7 ability to complete land use planning processes before major development Mitigation Identify and address gaps for current protected areas, and those proposed under the Northwest • V6, S7 Territories Protected Areas Strategy Five-Year Action Plan or under comprehensive claims agreements Examine effects on the ecological integrity of the five globally significant important bird areas, one • V5, S10 of which includes the Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary • V6, S7 Participate actively, rather than passively, in, and provide financial support for, the Protected Areas • V6, S7 Strategy Traditional land Effect Sale of traditional foods in the camps might be logistically challenging and uneconomical and might • V6, S6 use and culture detract from local resources

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Traditional land Effect Expect increase in harvesting from better access to land. Financial recompense for harvest • V6, S7 use and culture (cont’d) reductions could not compensate for curtailed traditional activity and way of life. Changes could (cont’d) exacerbate depression and the abuse of drugs and alcohol Will fishing loss because of barge activity be compensated? • V5, S7 • V6, S6 For people to obtain compensation for loss of harvesting, administration of the funding is critical • V6, S6 Yearly trapping rotation to different sites needs to be considered in the assessment • V5, S10 Mitigation Protect sacred areas used by community social workers for on-the-land sessions • V1, S3 Share project information with subcontractors, and use the information to avoid sensitive areas • V1, S3 Use Traditional Knowledge and western science equally • V1, S3 In the EIS, outline the mitigation used to protect heritage resources that support the Protected Area • V6, S7 Strategy Consider long-term project management plans in conjunction with land-use planning boards • V7, S3, S4 Ensure camp management and administration staff provide equal opportunites for everyone. • V6, S3 Aboriginal management staff could support this initiative Ensure timing of project activities respects bird and beluga harvest, Mid-August is the best start • V5, S10 date Transportation Effect Wrigley has concerns about the proposed camp near the Blackwater River and will not allow it to • V2, S2 and community be built at that location infrastructure Will the project contribute to the maintenance of the roads and build an all-weather road? • V6, S4 Increased traffic flow will limit community access to food, fuel, businesses and health services. • V6, S4 Some of the communities will require compensation for travel delays and for damage to vehicles from construction traffic Concern about potential damage to winter roads from chains on truck tires • V6, S4 The winter roads are very narrow in some locations and have hazardous blind spots. Will the roads • V6, S4 be widened? Increased road traffic could facilitate hitchhiking and drug trafficking and allow truckers easy • V6, S4 access to berry picking and wildlife along the highway. These issues would affect local community safety and harvesting activities Increased traffic related to the project workforce could result in monopolization of existing • V6, S4 commercial air carrier capacity

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Transportation Effect Where will the garbage and waste from the camps be taken? • V6, S2, S4 and community (cont’d) • V7, S3 infrastructure (cont’d) Who will monitor the waste treatment facilities? • V7, S3 • V6, S5 Will security be in place in advance? • V7, S3 Concern about the increased demand on community staffing and resources, e.g., parking and • V6, S4, S5 RCMP Have assessments been done on the housing situation and on potential in-migration in each • V6, S3, S4 region? After the influx of pipeline-associated activity, is there any concern about the related decline in the • V6, S3 economic boom cycle? This is important in terms of transportation training development There will be an influx of people from the camps and the barges. What facilities, such as • V6, S4, S5 bathrooms, will they use? Mitigation Manage traffic by: • V6, S4 • imposing speed controls • not paying drivers according to distance travelled • modifying travel routes • requiring all trucks to carry a load • reducing community need to travel • identifying bottleneck points Educate truckers about harvesting activities, such as berry picking and wildlife along the highway • V6, S5 Contribute financially or in-kind to highway maintenance and, where necessary and appropriate, • V6, S4 construct all-weather roads or widen existing roads Prevent the influx of people from monopolizing existing air service • V6, S3, S4 Ensure transportation security enforces strict anti-hitchhiking regulation and monitors for drug • V6, S5 trafficking along roadways Vegetation Effect Re-vegetating with non-native plant species. Revegetation might take over medicinal and other • V5, S9 indigenous plant habitat Will the right-of-way need to remain clear of vegetation or will regeneration be allowed? • V5, S9

Quantify small losses of vegetation listed in the vegetation impact matrix • V5, S9 Will raised bogs be protected? • V5, S9

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Vegetation Effect What are the risk areas for methane release? Will the loss of peat plateaus or the pipeline running • V5, S9 (cont’d) (cont’d) under wetland areas cause methane to be released? Mitigation Revegetate with native species. Approach suppliers now to ensure adequate supply of seeds • V5, S9 • V5, S9 Develop a native seed bank to revegetate the landscape • V5, S9 Limit herbicide use during reclamation • V5, S9 Identify and avoid medicinal plant areas and harvesting sites • V5, S9 Ensure that Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency biodiversity guidelines are respected • V5, S13 and ecosystem, species and genetic diversity considered Monitor for invasive plant species • V5, S9 Water issues and Effect Project affecting water quality and chemistry • V5, S6 fish habitat Need clarification and context for high and low effects management • V5, S7 Will instrumentation be used to predict potential stream blockage resulting from frost bulb • V5, S5 formation? Surface run-off control • V5, S5 Changes in water levels and velocities affecting the fish • V5, S7 Concern about the quantity and source of water used for the project and for future exploration • V5, S5 Barge traffic causing river channel movement and bank erosion • V5, S5 Information is needed on the effect of barge waves. How will their impact compare to coastal storm • V5, S5 waves? Will water chemistry be altered by change and disturbance to the land? • V5, S6 Will monitoring of waterways and water withdrawal be ongoing? • V7, S3 Will the streams and fish habitat potentially most affected by the development be identified? • V5, S7 What are the mitigation measures for the effects of sedimentation? • V5, S5 Potential for right-of-way debris to fall into streams • V5, S5 What amount of material will be dredged and over what time frame? • V5, S5 Effects might be negligible when viewed in isolation from other effects on water resources and • V5, S5, S6, S7 fisheries

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Table 4-22: Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures Raised at the Round 2 NGO Workshop (cont’d)

Issue Category Effects and Mitigation Measures Link to EIS Water issues and Effect Local people are the best resource for information on river conditions • V1, S3 fish habitat (cont’d) (cont’d) After being unstable for a long time, the whitefish population is now stable. How will the project • V5, S7 affect the whitefish population? Mitigation Use a larger and more regional approach for the management plans. For example, consider the • V5, S7 whole watershed, and refer to the North Slope Project when considering cumulative effects • V7, S3 Recognize future exploration in the scope of cumulative effects • V5, S12

Consult communities about dredging • V1, S5

Time barging for the spring when the delta is flooded to limit the need for dredging, and bring in the • V2, S8 barges over two seasons • V5, S5 • V7, S3, S4 Establish standard compensation practices in place for harvesting losses • V6, S6

Require that a storm water management plan be in place for each disturbed area • V7, S5

Establish community-based monitoring to assess sea ice conditions and the changes that might • V7, S6 occur Obtain winter baseline data on fish populations and habitat at planned watercourse crossings to • V3, S7 facilitate predictions of environmental effects

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4.6.2.5 Addressing Identified Effects and Mitigation Measures

The previous section described the effects and mitigation measures identified by participants during the workshop. The preceding table shows where in the EIS these effects and mitigation measures have been addressed.

As was indicated in discussions about effects and mitigation measures identified in the regional workshops, information from the second NGO workshop has been reported to the project proponents, the assessment team and the engineering team.

4.7 Additional Public Participation Activities

4.7.1 Northwestern Alberta

The proposed pipeline will tie into the existing pipeline system in northwestern Alberta. Residents of this region include the Dene Tha’ First Nation and other stakeholders include municipal governments, local business interests and other public agencies. Preliminary discussions with stakeholders have been initiated, and information for the SEIA has been collected.

4.7.1.1 Meetings with the Dene Tha’ First Nation

Participation activities with the Dene Tha’ First Nation were initiated in July 2002. The main purpose of the initial meeting with the band manager was to introduce the project and to collect data for the Dene Tha’ socio-economic community profile. The meeting was helpful in establishing a main community contact for gathering additional information for the community profile.

On September 18, 2002, a subsequent meeting was held with the chief, council and Elders. This meeting reintroduced and clarified additional details about the project and scoped out initial queries and concerns about the EIS study process. On October 17, 2002, project representatives were invited to attend an industry trade fair in Chateh, Alberta. Project information was given to the fair participants and to participants from the Chateh community.

In January 2003, representatives of project proponents met with Dene Tha’ First Nation consultants, and discussed the need to meet with the community about the project and to present information about the traditional knowledge component of the project. The proponents said at that time that they would not be building the pipeline south of the Northwest Territories and Alberta boundary.

Contact has subsequently been made with Dene Tha’ First Nation consultants and councillors to determine opportunities to continue discussions about the project. Additional meetings were held with Dene Tha’ First Nation representatives during the first quarter of 2004 to exchange information about the project and to obtain socio-economic data. The Dene Tha’ expressed their concern about their readiness to consult and described the extent of their traditional use area. Page 4-146 August 2004

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4.7.1.2 Other Meetings

Meetings were held with municipal government representatives and community service providers in the region primarily to obtain baseline information for the socio-economic assessment. Communities visited included:

• Rainbow Lake • High Level • Zama

Representatives were briefed on the project during these meetings. The main concerns raised by the representatives were about business and employment opportunities the project would create.

4.7.1.3 Issues Raised

Because information gathering is in the initial stages for all Dene Tha’ First Nation communities, few issues have been raised. However, in meetings to date, the communities expressed the need for business opportunities from the project to be long term and throughout all project stages.

The Dene Tha’ First Nation have also expressed a strong desire to be included in the Aboriginal Pipeline Group.

Table 4-23 summarizes the concerns and issues raised during meetings in northwestern Alberta.

4.7.1.4 Addressing Identified Issues

More meetings are necessary in northwestern Alberta communities to scope out the issues associated with the EIS assessment process and obtain stakeholder comment on the potential effects and suggested mitigation measures.

4.7.2 Northern Business Community

Northern business interests have been present at many of the participation sessions in the communities and regions. The involvement of organizations and individuals with a business perspective has yielded a range of issues about the project and identified possible effects and mitigation measures. This information is included in the discussion of the public participation program for each of the administrative regions. Comments and concerns from business interests were more commonly registered at participation sessions held in the regional centres of each of the administrative regions and in communities outside the Mackenzie Valley.

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Table 4-23: Issues from Communities in Northwestern Alberta

Issue Concern Source or Stakeholder Link to EIS Biophysical Issues No concerns raised Socio-economic Issues Business Keep communities informed Meeting: Dene Tha’ community profile, Chateh: 2002-Jul-04 • V6, S3 opportunities of possible joint venture opportunities Employment Review local hiring policy Meeting: Master Services Agreement for field assistants, Dene Tha’ Region: • V6, S2 opportunities 2003-Sep-23 • V6, S3 Public Maintain effective contact Meeting: Dene Tha’ community profile, Chateh: 2002-Jul-04 • V1, S4 participation with community Meeting: Dene Tha’ consultation session: 2003-Aug-13 Continue to review public Meeting: Master Services Agreement for field assistants, Dene Tha’ Region: • V1, S4 consultation strategy 2003-May-02 Training and Continue to discuss project- Phone: Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Aboriginal training programs: • V6, S5 education related training 2003-Sep-05

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The main issues identified by representatives of the business community include:

• opportunities that would be made available to northern businesses • contracting procedures that would be followed • effects of the project on supply and demand of labour and goods and services

Formal participation activities for the northern business community included an open house in Yellowknife on March 25, 2004 to give the business sector the opportunity to learn more directly about the project and to raise any concerns. The project proponents convened the open house and have also organized several prequalification sessions for interested businesses in the study area.

As part of the EIS work, the assessment team made master service agreements (MSAs) with local and regional organizations. The MSAs set out the contractual expectations of the consulting firms conducting the EIS. They facilitate the provision of labour and services for activities that are involved in preparing the EIS and that would benefit from northern content. MSAs were established primarily with community-based economic development organizations in the Mackenzie Valley. The process of establishing MSAs provided the opportunity to familiarize organizations with the project and to clarify expectations of both the northern organizations and the project proponents.

4.7.3 Governments and Resource Management Agencies

Government and resource management agencies have participated in the assessment process. Their participation included attending the regional workshops and the community meetings and open houses that were organized for the EIS. Attendees included representatives from the Pipeline Preparedness Office of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and the National Energy Board. They were at these meetings primarily to observe the process and to respond to questions.

The project proponents have been hosting lunch-and-learn sessions for officials of the GNWT and public agencies based in Yellowknife. The sessions were held in the first quarter of 2004 and usually included an overview presentation of the project by the proponents followed by a question-and-answer period.

More discussions about the project have been held between the proponents and the government organizations. These meetings are described in the proponents’ description of public consultation activities (see Mackenzie Gas Project Public Consultation Volume 1: Consultation Program).

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5 Biophysical Effects Summary

5.1 Basis for Summary of Findings

An assessment of the project’s effects on biophysical resources is presented in Volume 5, Biophysical Impact Assessment. This section presents a summary of the information presented in that volume. The following tables and discussion provide highlights of the key findings. The results in these tables consolidate assessments for each individual project component, i.e., the three anchor fields, gathering system, pipeline corridor and infrastructure. The effects for these components differ with respect to magnitude, geographic extent and duration (see Section 2, Assessment Method). Information presented in the tables focuses on the highest level of effect reported for all the components.

5.2 Air Quality

Potential effects of the project on air quality are related primarily to emissions during project operations from compressor stations and heater facilities. In addition, dust from vehicle traffic can contribute to air quality effects. Air emissions released during construction and decommissioning are not reported in the assessment because they will be small compared with the emissions during peak operations and will be periodic. The effect assessment for air quality focused on key indicators (KIs):

• sulphur dioxide (SO2) • nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • carbon monoxide (CO) • particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres (µm) in diameter (PM2.5) • benzene • benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) • potential acid input (PAI) Ground-level predictions of all compounds are below applicable federal and territorial guideline levels at all locations in the production area and pipeline corridor. For all KIs at all project locations, effects are predicted to be adverse, local and long term. The magnitude of effects is moderate or low. No significant effects on air quality are predicted (see Table 5-1).

5.3 Noise

Potential effects of the project on the local noise environment are related primarily to facility operations and drilling and well-test flaring at production facilities. See Table 5-2 for a summary of the effects of the project on noise.

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Table 5-1: Significance of Effects on Air Quality

Effect Attribute Phase When Maximum Impact Maximum Geographic Maximum Key Indicator Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant all 1-hour SO2 Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No all 24-hour SO2 Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No all Annual SO2 Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No all 1-hour NO2 Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No all 24-hour NO2 Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No 2,5,6,7,8 Annual NO2 Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No 1-hour CO Operations Adverse Moderate1,2,8 Local Long term No 8-hour CO Operations Adverse Moderate1,2,3,6,7,8 Local Long term No all 24-hour PM2.5 Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No 1-hour benzene Operations Averse Lowall Local Long term No 1-hour BTEX Operations Adverse Lowall Local Long term No Area PAI Operations Adverse Lowall Local Long term No

NOTES: all = all stations 1 = Niglintgak 2 = Taglu 3 = Parsons Lake 4 = Inuvik area facility 5 = Little Chicago compressor station 6 = Norman Wells compressor station 7 = Blackwater River compressor station 8 = Trail River compressor station 9 = Trout River heater station 10 = NGTL interconnect facility

Table 5-2: Significance of Effects on Noise

Phase When Impact Geographic Component Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Production area Construction- Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Drilling Production area Construction- Adverse Low- Local Short term No Well-test Moderate1 flaring Production area Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Gathering system Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Pipeline corridor Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No NGTL interconnect facility Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No

NOTE: 1 Moderate-magnitude effects are related to well-test flaring at Taglu with a predicted sound level of 41 dB at 1.5 km.

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Production area facility operational noise will range from 20 dBA to 40 dBA at 1.5 km. These predicted levels will meet the guideline limit of 40 dBA at 1.5 km. The guideline limit for assessing operational noise is 40 dBA at 1.5 km, whereas there is no guideline that applies to the assessment of noise from flaring or drilling. In the production area, well drilling noise will range from 30 dBA to 42 dBA at 1.5 km from facilities. Well-test flaring noise will range from 38 dBA to 41 dBA at 1.5 km.

Well drilling and well-test flaring, both temporary noise sources, were assessed and predicted to be low to moderate magnitude, local and of short duration.

Pipeline corridor operational noise will range from 27 dBA at the NGTL interconnect facility to 40 dBA at the Inuvik area facility. Sound levels at compressor facilities will range from 37 dBA to 38 dBA. Predicted operational noise levels at the Trout River heater station will be in the 23 to 25 dBA range at 1.5 km.

No significant effects on environmental noise are predicted.

5.4 Groundwater

Potential effects of the project on groundwater can be related to factors such as:

• changes to groundwater recharge and discharge patterns, which can occur from the removal of material at borrow sites

• flow obstruction, which can occur from the development of frost bulbs around pipelines

• changes in permafrost patterns, which can occur from activities such as vegetation removal

• subsidence, which might occur as result of gas extraction at Niglintgak and Taglu

All effects on groundwater from project-related activities are expected to be of local extent. Most effects will be initiated by construction activities and will result in changes that will persist through, or occur during, the remainder of the project. Some effects will persist into the far future, specifically those related to sedimentation, flow obstruction (e.g., in areas where the pipeline is abandoned in place), changes in permafrost at Niglingtak and Taglu, and changes in recharge and discharge related to the removal of materials from the borrow sites. All residual effects are expected to cause a small adverse change in groundwater, i.e., a change that is within the normal range of variation. No significant effects on groundwater are predicted (see Table 5-3).

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Table 5-3: Significance of Effects on Groundwater Effect Attribute Valued Phase When Geographic Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Groundwater Construction Adverse Low1 Local Far future2 No quantity Operations Adverse Low1 (possible Local Far future No and flow moderate to high3) patterns Decommissioning Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Groundwater Construction Adverse Low Local Long term No quality Operations Adverse Low Local Far future No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No NOTE: 1 Low-magnitude effect for infrastructure assumes that site development plans at borrow sites will be developed to limit effects to low magnitude 2 All far-future effects are low magnitude 3 Moderate- to high-magnitude effects are related to flow obstruction along pipelines

5.5 Hydrology

Potential effects of the project on hydrology can be related to factors such as:

• land disturbance during construction

• water withdrawal for winter road construction and camp use

• land settlement along the pipelines

• flow obstruction, which could result from frost bulb formation around pipelines

• land subsidence because of gas extraction

The effects of the project components on runoff amount, drainage pattern, and water level and velocity, are expected to be low magnitude and confined to the LSA (see Table 5-4) from construction through decommissioning, except for potential high-magnitude effects in localized places where redirection of groundwater will lead to large icings and blockage of stream flow. This effect would be local.

Effects on sediment concentrations usually range from low to moderate magnitude and are local in extent. High-magnitude effects could occur at pipeline watercourse crossing locations during construction, and because of potential dredging activities during construction and decommissioning of the barge-based gas conditioning facility at Niglintgak. These effects would be localized and short term.

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Table 5-4: Significance of Effects on Hydrology

Effect Attribute Maximum Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Key Indicator Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Runoff amounts Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Drainage Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No patterns Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Water levels Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No and velocities Operations Adverse Low to Local Long term No possibly high1 Decommissioning Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Water levels Construction Neutral No effect N/A N/A No and velocities – Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No from subsidence Decommissioning Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Sediment Construction Adverse Moderate2 Local Medium term No concentrations High3 Operations Adverse Moderate4 Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse High5 Local Short term No Channel Construction Adverse Low Local Long term6 No morphology 7 Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No

Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term No

NOTES: N/A = not applicable because no effect is predicted 1 Possibly moderate to high in a few localized places where the redirection of groundwater leads to large icings and blockage of stream flow 2 Moderate-magnitude effects relate to potential dredging at Niglintgak, pipeline and gathering system construction, and land disturbance at infrastructure sites 3 High-magnitude effects because of land disturbance, watercourse crossing construction and potential dredging in connection with the barge-based gas conditioning facility at Niglintgak 4 Moderate-magnitude effects during operations because of potential dredging in connection with the barge- based gas conditioning facility option at Niglintgak and bank disturbance from potential dredging 5 High-magnitude effects related to decommissioning of gas conditioning facility at Niglintgak 6 Long-term effects related to changes from gathering system and pipeline corridor 7 Moderate-magnitude effects relate to channel morphology at Taglu

In general, effects on channel morphology will be low magnitude, and low to moderate magnitude at Taglu. These effects are expected to be low magnitude after decommissioning and abandonment. If so, these effects would be considered not significant.

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5.6 Water Quality Potential effects of the project on water quality can be related to factors such as: • acid deposition caused by air emissions • wastewater releases • leaks and spills • suspended sediments Predicted effects on water quality range from low to moderate magnitude and will be local in extent (see Table 5-5). Predicted effects related to hydrostatic test water discharges, land disturbance and release of wastewater will be low magnitude, whereas effects from potential dredging if the barge option is chosen, will be low to moderate magnitude. Watercourse crossings along the gathering pipelines and the pipeline corridor could have effects ranging from no effects to moderate-magnitude effects. No effects are predicted from acid deposition.

Table 5-5: Significance of Effects on Water Quality

Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Water and Construction Adverse Moderate1 Local Medium term No sediment Operations Adverse Moderate1 Local Long term No quality Decommissioning Adverse Moderate1 Local Long term No NOTE: 1 Moderate-magnitude effects relate to watercourse crossings and disturbance of bottom sediments during potential dredging at Niglintgak

Infrastructure associated with the production area and the pipeline corridor could have an effect of low to moderate magnitude on water quality from disturbance of bottom sediments during dredging. The effect of barge traffic is predicted to be low magnitude and the effect of domestic wastewater releases will be limited to low magnitude by implementing a waste management plan. No significant effects on water quality are predicted. 5.7 Fish and Fish Habitat Potential effects of the project on fish can be related to factors such as: • direct effects on fish habitat from activities, such as pipeline watercourse crossing construction, dredging, or constructing footprints of project infrastructure facilities such as barge landings • changes in water levels and water flow related to activities, such as water withdrawal or the formation of frost bulbs around pipelines • sediment suspended in water during work such as pipeline construction and dredging, which could affect fish health or fish habitat downstream

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Effects will range from no effect to low magnitude, local to regional in extent, with most effects not extending beyond long term (see Table 5-6).

Table 5-6: Significance of Effects on Fish

Effect Attribute Maximum Key Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Indicator Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Fish habitat Construction Adverse Low Regional2 Long term No Operations Adverse Low Regional2 Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Far future1 No Fish health Construction Adverse Low Local Short term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Fish Construction Adverse Low Regional3 Long term No distribution 3 Operations Adverse Low Regional Long term No and abundance Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No

NOTES: 1 Far-future effects are related to subsidence at Niglintgak and Taglu 2 Regional effects are related to pipeline corridor and gathering pipelines 3 Regional effects are related to pipeline corridor, pipeline corridor infrastructure and production area infrastructure

Effects related to land subsidence in the production area are the only effects predicted to last into the far future. However, the effects are considered to be low magnitude, as the effects will be local and occur gradually. Fish potentially affected will have time to adjust to any changes in habitat that might occur.

No significant effects on fish key indicators, i.e., fish habitat, fish health or fish abundance and distribution, are predicted. 5.8 Soils and Landforms

Potential effects of the project on soils and landforms can be related to factors such as:

• surface disturbance during construction that can damage soils, cause erosion, and remove uncommon landforms

• a changed subsurface thermal regime that can cause settlement or frost heave along the pipeline right-of-way All project effects on soils and landforms are limited to the LSA. Some moderate-magnitude effects are predicted for ground stability, particularly with respect to settlement along the pipeline right-of-way, and erosion and frost heave in sensitive aeolian deposits along the pipeline right-of-way. Moderate-magnitude, long-term effects related to patterned ground are predicted

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for glaciofluvial and aeolian deposits. Low-magnitude, far-future effects are predicted for patterned ground and moderate-magnitude, long-term effects are predicted for soil quality. These effects will not be significant (see Table 5-7).

Table 5-7: Significance of Effects on Soils, Landforms and Permafrost

Effect Attribute Key Phase When Maximum Maximum Maximum Indicator Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Ground Construction Adverse Moderate1 Local Long term No stability 1 Operations Adverse Moderate Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Moderate2 Local Long term No Uncommon Construction Adverse Low3 Local Far future3 No landforms Moderate3 Long term3 Operations Adverse Low Local Far future No Decommissioning Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Soil quality Construction Adverse Moderate4 Local Long term4 No Low5 Far future5 Operations Adverse Low Local Far future No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Short term No NOTES: N/A = not applicable 1 Moderate-magnitude effects on ground stability relate to settlement along the pipeline right-of-way and erosion and frost heave of aeolian deposits along the pipeline right-of-way 2 Moderate-magnitude, local, long-term effects are related to frost bulb thaw after decommissioning along the pipeline corridor 3 The magnitude of effects from the project on uncommon landforms varies with indicator: • low-magnitude, far-future, local effects on patterned ground at Niglintgak, Taglu, Parsons Lake • moderate-magnitude, long-term, local effects for glaciofluvial and aeolian landforms along pipeline rights-of-way • low-magnitude, far-future, local effects on glaciofluvial and aeolian landforms at infrastructure and borrow sites Therefore, project effects on uncommon landforms are considered not significant. 4 Moderate-magnitude, long-term effects on soil quality are related to soil loss and soil drainage changes from gathering system and pipeline construction 5 Low-magnitude, far-future effects are related to production areas, infrastructure and pipelines

5.9 Vegetation

Potential effects of the project on vegetation can be related to factors such as:

• clearing and grading for project construction • dust and air emissions • changes in landforms and soils from project activities

5.9.1 Abundance and Distribution

Vegetation types of concern, vegetation communities of concern, rare plants and traditional plant use and collecting sites were identified as VCs for vegetation. Because of the length of time required for vegetation communities to recover or

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re-establish sustainable native plant communities, the duration of effects on all vegetation VCs will range up to far future (see Table 5-8).

Table 5-8: Significance of Effects on Vegetation Abundance and Distribution

Effect Attribute Valued Phase When Maximum Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Vegetation Construction Adverse Low1 Local Far future No types Operations Adverse Low1 Local Far future No Decommissioning Adverse Low1 Local Far future No 1 2 Vegetation Construction Adverse Low Regional Far future No communities 1 2 Operations Adverse Low Regional Far future No of concern 1 2 Decommissioning Adverse Low Regional Far future No 3 Rare plants Construction Adverse Low Beyond regional Far future No 3 Operations Adverse Low Beyond regional Far future No 3 Decommissioning Adverse Low Beyond regional Far future No

NOTES: 1 Borrow sites and associated vegetation communities of concern might sustain losses disproportionate to their availability on the landscape; these effects have not been quantified yet 2 Tall forests are regionally uncommon 3 Effects of the project footprint on rare plant sites will be assessed after site-specific mitigation planning Vegetation surveys will be completed on project infrastructure components Effects on traditionally used plants and collecting sites will be assessed after traditional knowledge studies are completed

Project construction will adversely affect vegetation types through loss and alteration of vegetation, changes in abiotic site conditions, presence of reclamation species and possible introduction of non-native or invasive plant species. The magnitude of effects on vegetation types will be low, although effects on vegetation communities associated with borrow sites might be disproportionate because of their limited distribution on the landscape. There are rare plants present on the current pipeline corridor route. The magnitude of effects on rare plants is predicted to be low. Any additional assessment of project components and required site-specific mitigation and reporting will be presented in the permitting documents.

The magnitude of effects remains low for all project components during operations and decommissioning, when no substantive additional effects on the abundance and distribution of vegetation are expected other than low-magnitude subsidence effects at the Niglintgak and Taglu anchor fields.

Reclaimed areas are predicted to develop into functioning, self-sustaining native plant communities within the long term. Resulting plant communities might be different from the predisturbance vegetation, and will appear different on the landscape. They will remain in an early successional state for many years. Trace amounts of reclamation species and, potentially, weed species are expected to persist into the far future.

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Most effects on vegetation and vegetation VCs are local in extent. Losses of tall forest communities have regional effects. Any losses of rare plant populations will have a beyond regional effect. Effects for these VCs will be far future in duration.

Combined project effects on the abundance and distribution of vegetation species and associations are predicted to be not significant.

Effects on traditionally used plants and collecting sites will be assessed after traditional knowledge studies are completed. In addition, vegetation surveys will be completed at infrastructure sites.

5.9.2 Vegetation Health

The combined project effects of dust and air emissions on vegetation health are not significant (see Table 5-9). The effects of dust will be restricted to small areas adjacent to all-weather roads, gravel pads and borrow sites and will occur when dust deposition is thick, i.e. downwind of borrow sites. Effects will be long term near all-weather roads that will be used during construction, operations and decommissioning. The effects on vegetation VCs are predicted to be low magnitude. Site-specific surveys will be completed before construction.

Table 5-9: Significance of Effects on Vegetation Health

Effect Attribute Maximum Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Valued Components Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Vegetation types1 Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term No Vegetation Construction Adverse Low Local Long term No communities of Operations Adverse No effect N/A N/A No concern1 Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Rare plants1 Construction Adverse Low Beyond regional Far future No Operations Adverse Low Beyond regional Far future No Decommissioning Adverse Low Beyond regional Far future No NOTES: N/A = no applicable effect pathway 1 No effect on known occurrences, but potential for effects on unidentified occurrences Vegetation surveys have not been completed on infrastructure sites Effects on traditionally used plants and collecting areas will be assessed after traditional knowledge studies are completed.

The effects of air emissions are restricted to areas of nitrogen deposition near facilities. Nitrogen deposition could result in a long-term shift in community composition, however, the magnitude is low and the effects are not significant.

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5.10 Wildlife

Potential effects of the project on wildlife can be related to factors such as:

• reduced habitat because of direct habitat loss from construction, or sensory disturbance that causes wildlife to avoid areas

• barriers that the project might present to wildlife movement, such as trenches or pipelines that animals cannot cross

• increased mortality because human–wildlife conflicts can result in the destruction of wildlife, and because hunters and predators can access wildlife more readily along roads or pipeline rights-of-way

These three KIs, habitat availability, wildlife movement and wildlife mortality, were used to understand the project’s effects on wildlife. The most severe effects on wildlife are predicted to be of moderate magnitude. This means that a part of the population might be affected in a way that would change the distribution or abundance of a VC and affect opportunities for hunting, trapping or viewing wildlife. Although these effects could alter local distribution of the animals, it will not affect population productivity or viability. No significant effects on wildlife are predicted.

5.10.1 Habitat Availability

Habitat availability for wildlife is influenced by several factors, including vegetation loss, sensory disturbance, and increased access by humans and predators. The magnitude of most effects on habitat availability will be low, with sensory disturbance being an important contributing factor when magnitude is moderate (see Table 5-10). Some effects extend into the far future because of the length of time it takes for vegetation, particularly lichen to recover and restore habitat values. No significant effects on habitat availability are predicted.

5.10.2 Wildlife Movement

The effect assessment for wildlife movement examined physical barriers, vegetation clearing, increased predator and human access, sensory disturbance and attraction to facilities. The project is predicted to have low-magnitude effects on wildlife movement, but moderate-magnitude effects on barren-ground and woodland caribou during construction. No significant effects on wildlife movement are predicted (see Table 5-11).

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Table 5-10: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Habitat Availability

Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Barren- Construction Adverse Moderate1 Regional Long term No ground grizzly Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No bear Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Barren- Construction Adverse Moderate2 Local Long term2 No ground Low3 Far future3 caribou Operations Adverse Moderate2 Regional Long term2 No Low3 Far future3 Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Far future3 No Woodland Construction Adverse Low Local Far future3 No caribou Operations Adverse Low Local Far future3 No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Far future3 No Moose Construction Adverse Moderate Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Marten Construction Adverse Low Local Far future4 No Operations Adverse Low Local Far future4 No Decommissioning Positive Low Local Far future4 No Lynx Construction Adverse Low Local Long term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Beaver Construction Adverse Low Local Long term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Amphibians Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Birds5 Construction Adverse Low Local Long term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Beluga Construction Adverse Moderate7 Local Short term No 6 whale Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Moderate8 Local Short term No Bowhead Construction Adverse Low9 Local Medium term10 No 6 whale Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term10 No Ringed seal6 Construction Adverse Low9 Local Short term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term No

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Table 5-10: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Habitat Availability (cont’d)

Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Polar bear6 Construction Adverse Low11 Local Long term No Operations Adverse Low12 Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low11 Local Medium term No NOTES: N/A = not applicable because no effect has been predicted 1 Moderate-magnitude effects are related to sensory disturbance related to infrastructure and increased access for hunters 2 Moderate-magnitude effects are related to sensory disturbance and increased predator and human access. These are long-term effects. 3 Far-future duration is related to vegetation changes that require time to recover after decommissioning. These are low-magnitude effects. 4 Far-future effects are related to length of time required for old-growth forest to recover 5 Bird species addressed in the effects assessment are the greater white-fronted goose, snow goose, tundra swan, scaup, peregrine falcon, whimbrel, Arctic tern, lesser yellowlegs and boreal chickadee 6 Marine mammals assessed only for barge option at Niglintgak 7 Moderate-magnitude effects are related to potential dredging and facility installation 8 Moderate-magnitude effects are related to potential dredging 9 Effect might occur through impact on habitat for species that form part of the food chain, e.g., plankton – bowhead, plankton and fish for seal 10 Medium-term duration is related to potential dredging and facility installation and removal 11 Effect might occur through impact on habitat for species that form part of the polar bear food chain, e.g., plankton – fish – seal – polar bear 12 Effect is related to sensory disturbance from operations at Niglintgak

Table 5-11: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Movement

Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component1 Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Barren-ground Construction Adverse Moderate2 Local Medium term No caribou and Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No woodland caribou Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Grizzly bear Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term2 No Moose Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Marten Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Lynx Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No

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Table 5-11: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Movement (cont’d)

Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Beaver Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Amphibians Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Short term No Beluga whale4,5 Construction Adverse Low Local Short term No Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning6 Adverse Low Local Short term No Bowhead whale4,5 Construction Adverse Low Local Short term No Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning6 Adverse Low Local Short term No Ringed seal4,5 Construction Adverse Low Local Short term No Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning6 Adverse Low Local Short term No Polar bear4,5 Construction Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning6 Neutral No effect N/A N/A No

NOTES: N/A = not applicable because no effect has been predicted 1 Analysis of the pathways through which the project could affect movement of birds indicated assessment of project effects on birds was not required 2 Moderate-magnitude effects on movement are related mainly to sensory disturbance at Parsons Lake, the gathering pipelines and associated facilities, and the pipeline corridor 3 Long-term effects relate to the pipeline corridor and infrastructure that allows long-term hunter access 4 Marine mammals assessed only for Niglintgak barge-based option 5 Effects on marine mammal movements identified here are not associated with marine mammal migration corridors. They are related to minor local movements within the habitat. 6 Decommissioning involves the same components as construction, i.e., potential dredging and barge transport

5.10.3 Wildlife Mortality

Wildlife mortality can be affected by the project through several pathways, including change to special habitats, energetic stress, removal of individuals and exposure to chemicals. A moderate level of effects might occur to barren-ground grizzly bear because of attraction to camps (see Table 5-12). Beaver could also experience a moderate level of effects during construction when beaver dams would be removed. Otherwise, the most important source of mortality will be from increased access for hunters and predators, which could result in moderate-magnitude effects on moose during project construction and operations.

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No significant effects on wildlife mortality are predicted.

Table 5-12: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Mortality Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Barren-ground Construction Adverse Moderate1 Regional Medium term No grizzly bear Operations Adverse Moderate1 Regional Short term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Regional Long term Barren- Construction Adverse Low Regional Medium term No ground Operations Adverse Low Regional Long term No caribou Decommissioning Adverse Low Regional Long term No Woodland Construction Adverse Low Regional Medium term No caribou Operations Adverse Low Regional Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Regional Long term No Moose Construction Adverse Moderate2 Regional Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Regional Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Regional Long term No Grizzly bear Construction Adverse Moderate1 Regional Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Regional Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Regional Long term No Marten Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Lynx Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Beaver Construction Adverse Moderate3 Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Moderate4 Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Long term No Amphibians Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Adverse Low Local Long term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Short term No Beluga whale5 Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term No Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term No Bowhead Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term6 No whale5 Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term6 No

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Table 5-12: Significance of Effects on Wildlife Mortality (cont’d) Effect Attribute Maximum Valued Phase When Maximum Geographic Maximum Component Impact Occurs Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Ringed seal5 Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term6 No Operations Neutral No effect N/A N/A No Decommissioning, Adverse Low Local Medium term No i.e., barge transport Polar bear5 Construction Adverse Low Local Medium term6 No Operations Adverse Low Local Medium term No Decommissioning Adverse Low Local Medium term6 No

NOTES: N/A = not applicable because no effect is predicted 1 Moderate-magnitude effects are related to attraction to camps 2 Moderate-magnitude effects on moose are related to increased access for hunters and predators along the pipeline corridor and pipeline infrastructure 3 Moderate-magnitude effects on beaver are related to removal of beaver dams to allow for pipeline and infrastructure construction 4 Moderate-magnitude effects might result from a potential for transportation rights-of-way to cross beaver dams 5 Marine mammals were assessed only for the Niglintgak barge-based gas conditioning facility option 6 Medium-term effects are related to physical disturbance of habitat from potential dredging and facility construction

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6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS SUMMARY

6.1 Introduction

This section presents a summary of the socio-economic effects of project construction and operations on affected regions and communities.

Project effects were assessed on the following seven valued components:

• procurement, employment and regional economic effects

• demography, emphasizing effects on population mobility

• infrastructure, including effects on transportation, energy and utilities, housing, recreation and governance

• community wellness, including:

• effects on individual, family and community well-being and delivery of social services

• effects on health conditions and health care services

• current health conditions as influenced by construction and operations

• public safety and protection services

• education attainment and services

• traditional culture, including effects on traditional harvesting and land use, and preservation of language and tradition

• nontraditional land and resource use, including effects on protected areas, and visual and aesthetic resources

• heritage resources

This section focuses on the project effects of each component in the:

• Inuvialuit Settlement Region

• Gwich’in Settlement Area

• Sahtu Settlement Area

• Deh Cho Region

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• Northwest Territories industrial and commercial centres (ICCs), i.e., Yellowknife and Hay River

• Dene Tha’ First Nation (DTFN)

• northwestern Alberta ICCs, i.e., High Level, Rainbow Lake and Zama City

Most of the socio-economic issues addressed in this section are overall project effects resulting from the combined influences of all project components and activities in the study area. The study area includes all previously mentioned regions, areas and communities, and the NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) interconnect facility and Northwest Mainline (Dickins Lake Section) in Alberta. Where required, specific information on Alberta and the NGTL pipeline are presented separately.

6.2 Effect Attribute Categories

Project effects on the valued components in these areas and on selected communities in the areas are described in terms of direction, magnitude, geographic extent, duration and significance, as defined in Volume 1, Section 2, Assessment Method.

In this summary, effect attributes are presented in tables that aggregate these attributes for the regions (Inuvialuit, Deh Cho, northwestern Alberta industrial and commercial communities) and for each category of effects (economic, infrastructure, traditional harvesting). In these tables, short-term duration signifies construction effects, which will last for about four years. Long-term duration signifies operations effects, which will last a minimum of 25 years.

6.3 Procurement, Employment and Regional Economic Effects

Project effects on procurement and employment conditions are derived from interactions between demand and supply. The expected project influences on employment opportunities depend on territorial and local rates for participation in the labour market, employment and unemployment. The project will generate a large demand for goods, services and workers at various locations in the Northwest Territories, and marginal demand in northwestern Alberta. To the extent possible, labour and suppliers of goods and services in northern communities will respond to these demands. Where demand exceeds northern supply capacity, supply requirements will be met outside the Northwest Territories.

The appraisal of project-specific effects is based on:

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• employment and labour income in the study area

• regional capacity constraints

• qualitative assessments of effects on northern wages and other northern employers

Timely implementation of mitigation measures to improve education and skills training levels and simplify bidding procedures, will expand labour force and business capacity.

6.3.1 Capital and Operational Expenditures

Over the main construction period from 2006 to 2010, project capital investment is estimated at $6.2 billion. However, there will also be some capital investment before and after this construction period that will increase total project investment to $7.2 billion. The largest expenditure will be for the natural gas pipeline, which will account for $3 billion, or almost half of all expenditures. Table 6-1 gives the project investment by component over the four-year construction period.

Table 6-1: Project Investment by Project Component

Component 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 Total ($M) ($M) ($M) ($M) ($M) Niglintgak 36 155 107 49 346 Taglu 92 106 218 76 492 Parsons Lake 33 106 191 199 528 Gathering pipelines 140 213 157 39 549 Inuvik area facility 115 174 128 32 448 Natural gas liquids pipeline 121 183 135 34 472 Natural gas pipeline 754 1,145 841 210 2,950 Compression facilities 118 179 132 33 462 Total 1,409 2,261 1,907 671 6,247 NOTES: Figures are millions of constant $2003 Numbers might not add up because of rounding

The projected $6.2 billion of spending over the four-year construction period can be broken down as follows:

• Inuvialuit Settlement Region – $1.9 billion, or 31% • Gwich’in Settlement Area – $1.1 billion, or 17% • Sahtu Settlement Area – $1.7 billion, or 27% • Deh Cho Region – $1.6 billion, or 25%

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The table and the calculations do not include the estimated $86 million that will be spent in the winter 2008–2009 construction season on the NGTL interconnect facility and the NGTL Northwest Mainline (Dickins Lake Section). This portion will account for only about 1% of overall construction costs.

Although the total capital investment in all of the project components is valued at $6.2 billion and all components are physically located in the Northwest Territories, most of the capital spending on goods and services needed to construct the project components will go to businesses located outside the Northwest Territories. It is estimated that 83% of the total capital expenditures will be completed outside the Northwest Territories. This is because of a lack of capacity of the regions in the Northwest Territories to undertake such a large project, given the small population base and workforce, and the limited number, size and scope of local businesses and contractors. As a result, much of the economic benefit associated with the direct purchases will be outside the Northwest Territories regions, where the goods and services are produced.

Of the $1.9 billion of capital expenditures to occur in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region during construction, 2006 to 2010, an estimated $328 million, or 17%, will be spent in the region. Similarly, of the just over $1 billion of capital expenditures in the Gwich’in Settlement Area, $353 million, or 33%, will be spent in that area. Of the $1.7 billion in the Sahtu Settlement Area, $61 million, or 4%, will be spent in that area. Of the $1.6 billion in the DCR, $48 million, or 3%, will be spent in that area. Of the $86 million for the NGTL facilities, about $58.6 million, or 68%, will be spent in Alberta. Although there will be no physical infrastructure built in the Northwest Territories ICCs, an additional $103 million will be spent in those cities over the construction period.

Of the $6.2 billion in capital spending, $3.1 billion of total expenditures will be in Alberta, whereas about $894 million will be in the Northwest Territories. Other capital expenditures will be outside these regions.

In total, annual average project operating expenditures in the Northwest Territories are expected to range from $141 to 210 million and average $169 million from 2009 to 2030. Peak spending will take place from 2016 to 2020, when the future drilling programs get underway at Parsons Lake and Taglu. There will be very limited operational expenditures in Alberta.

6.3.2 Employment and Income – Construction

Project construction will require a large workforce with a variety of skills, and most of the construction work will take place during four brief winter construction seasons. Given this construction scenario and the capacity limitations of the available Northwest Territories labour force, many of the required skills will not be readily available in the regions. As a result, most of the required project labour will have to be brought in from outside the Northwest Territories. It is estimated

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that during project construction, an average of 2,921 Northwest Territories persons per year would be available to seek work on the project or related spinoff (indirect and induced) employment opportunities in northern communities (see Table 6-2).

Table 6-2: Estimated Maximum Potential Labour Pool Available for Project-Related Work in the Northwest Territories Indicator 2006 2007 2008 2009 Average Total unemployed persons (No.) 4,501 4,652 4,745 4,763 4,665 Will do rotational work (%) 62 65 63 60 63 Total unemployed persons adjusted 2,790 3,039 3,009 2,846 2,921 for rotational work (No.) NOTE: Percentages have been rounded, and adjusted number of unemployed people might not add up because of rounding

Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Labour Force Survey results include an indication of those who would accept rotational work, i.e., work and accommodation away from home for a designated period. This was used as an indicator of those who might be willing to accept project work, which will often be available only at locations remote from communities.

Direct employment demand for the Northwest Territories was estimated by comparing the job type and occupation requirements for each project component located in the region with the expected skills of the local labour force. Similar information related to the Alberta workforce is unavailable.

The Statistics Canada Inter-Regional Input-Output Model was used to estimate the total demand generated by the project for indirect and induced employment in the Northwest Territories. Table 6-3 summarizes project employment demand in the Northwest Territories.

Table 6-3: Total Estimated Employment Demand in the Northwest Territories

Type of Number of Jobs Indicator Demand 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 Total Average Direct 830 3,138 2,569 146 6,683 1,671 Modelled employment demand in the NWT Indirect 1,537 2,344 2,372 995 7,248 1,812 without labour supply Induced 457 698 684 289 2,128 532 constraints Total 2,823 6,180 5,626 1,431 16,059 4,015 Direct 563 1,282 1,168 146 3,160 790 Estimated project employment demand in Indirect 466 540 507 373 1,886 472 the NWT with labour Induced 190 224 209 110 733 183 supply adjustments Total 1,218 2,047 1,885 630 5,779 1,445 NOTE: Numbers might not add up because of rounding August 2004 Page 6-5

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Table 6-4 summarizes the adjusted employment demand in each of the regions. As the construction season for the NGTL Northwest Mainline (Dickins Lake Section) pipeline is going to be limited to the 2008–2009 winter season, information related to adjusted employment demand for that year is provided.

Table 6-4: Total Estimated Employment Demand – Adjusted Totals Number of Jobs Region 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 Total Average ISR 118 205 262 100 685 171 GSA 372 459 469 287 1,586 397 SSA 141 272 277 68 758 190 DCR 169 387 303 49 907 227 ICCs 419 723 574 127 1,842 461 Northwest Territories 1,218 2,047 1,885 630 5,779 1,445 Northwestern Alberta – – 400 – – 400 NOTE: – = data not available Numbers might not add up because of rounding An estimated average of about 1,445 workers in all Northwest Territories regions are projected to be available to meet the demand for project-direct, project-indirect and project-induced jobs, assuming that project-related training is made available in the Northwest Territories regions before and during construction. The estimated project-related jobs would increase the employment rate from 70.6% to an average 75% in the Northwest Territories over the construction period, and the unemployment rate would fall from 16.3% to an average 15% during the same period. It is estimated that project construction will lead to an increase of about $300 million in labour income in the Northwest Territories during construction. This income will consist of $157 million in direct project-related income and another $111 million (indirect) and $31 million (induced) earned by those producing goods and services for the project and its employees. The largest effect during construction will be in Alberta, where about 10,200 direct jobs, 51% of all project jobs, will be created. The next largest effect will be in the Northwest Territories, where 3,200 jobs, 16%, will be created. In the Other Canada region, it is estimated that the construction period will provide residents with about 6,800 jobs. In total, it is estimated that about 20,300 direct jobs will be generated in Canada because of project construction, or about 5,100 jobs annually. As Table 6-5 shows, project effects are expected to be positive and high magnitude during construction. In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area, Sahtu Settlement Area and Deh Cho Region, effects are expected to be positive and significant.

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Table 6-5: Economy – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Location Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Regional and beyond ISR Positive High Short term Yes regional Regional and beyond GSA Positive High Short term Yes regional Regional and beyond SSA Positive High Short term Yes regional Regional and beyond DCR Positive High Short term Yes regional Regional and beyond NWT ICCs Positive Moderate Short term No regional Regional and beyond DTFN Positive Low Short term No regional Northwestern Regional and beyond Positive Low Short term No Alberta ICCs regional

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region DTFN = Dene Tha’ First Nation GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

The period 2009 to 2030 was selected as the most relevant timeframe for the analysis of operating effects because it is of sufficient duration to provide a good representation of the economic effects of project operations. During the initial years of project operations from 2009 to 2015, an average of 518 direct and spinoff jobs will be created annually in the Northwest Territories. However, because of the need for experienced and qualified workers for project operations, some of these positions will have to be filled from outside the Northwest Territories.

A peak of 643 jobs annually will occur during 2016 to 2020, when capital and drilling activities will take place in addition to normal project operations. However, over the entire period of 2009 to 2030, the number of direct, indirect and induced jobs created in the Northwest Territories will average about 500 jobs annually. The effects on Canada as a whole will result in an average of 1,180 jobs annually from 2009 to 2030.

As Table 6-6 shows, project effects are expected to be positive or neutral, and have low magnitude to no effect during operations in all regions except the Gwich’in Settlement Area. In the Gwich’in Settlement Area, effects are expected to be positive, of moderate magnitude and significant.

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Table 6-6: Economy – Project Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Location Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Regional and ISR Positive Low Long term No beyond regional Regional and GSA Positive Moderate Long term Yes beyond regional Regional and SSA Positive Low Long term No beyond regional Regional and DCR Positive Low Long term No beyond regional NWT ICCs Positive Low Local Long term No DTFN Neutral No effect Regional Long term No Northwestern Neutral No effect Regional Long term No Alberta ICCs NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region DTFN = Dene Tha’ First Nation GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

To build business capacity, and optimize project-related procurement and expenditures in the Northwest Territories, a conceptual procurement plan has been developed. To build capacity and optimize employment of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal residents in the Northwest Territories, a conceptual program is also provided. This program includes principles and strategies that address education, training and employment. Successful implementation of the plan will require project leadership in two key functions:

• internal employment and training coordination

• partnership, cooperation, support and involvement of many different stakeholders

Measures designed to prevent southern residents from moving to the Northwest Territories in the hope of securing project-related employment will help safeguard qualified Aboriginals and other northern residents from having to compete for project employment in northern communities with speculative in- migrants. Implementation of the Northern Procurement Plan, and the Education, Training and Employment Program will help ensure that positive effects are magnified.

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6.3.3 Government Revenue

The project will generate large tax revenue for the federal government, Alberta government and GNWT during construction. The GNWT will retain only part of this gross revenue because part of the tax revenue will reduce the Formula Financing Grant (FFG).

The estimated effects of project construction on territorial and federal government revenue is expected to result in an increase in personal tax revenue of $55.1 million, 40%, for the GNWT and $81.3 million, 60%, for the federal government during construction. In total, over $136.4 million in tax revenue will be generated by activity in the Northwest Territories and taxes paid by Northwest Territories residents. After the FFG impact is taken into account, it is estimated that the GNWT revenue will fall to $9.8 million, 7%, and federal government net revenue will rise to $126.5 million, 93%.

In Alberta, project construction is expected to result in an increase in provincial tax revenue of $377.6 million and $727.3 million in federal revenue. In total, over $1.1 billion in tax revenue will be generated by activity in Alberta. Over $1.9 billion in personal tax revenue will be generated by project construction in Canada.

Additionally, the federal government will earn revenue from all related activity in Canada and receive $163 million in indirect taxes. In total, provincial and territorial governments will receive $309 million in indirect taxes.

The project will represent an important new revenue source for the GNWT during construction and operations. However, as the analysis of net effects shows, after the change to the FFG is considered, the nominal increase in tax revenue is not substantial relative to existing totals (see Volume 6, Section 3.2.5.2 for details).

As shown in Table 6-7, project construction effects on government revenue are expected to be positive, low magnitude and not significant.

Table 6-7: Government Revenue Effects – Project Construction Effect Attributes for the Northwest Territories and Canada

Effect Attribute Region Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Regional and beyond Northwest Territories Positive Low Short term No regional Canada Positive Low National Short term No

Operations activity is expected to result in an average annual increase in tax revenue of $122 million, 30%, for the GNWT and $278 million, 70%, for the federal government during 2009 to 2030. In total, an average of $400 million in tax revenue will be generated annually by activity in the Northwest Territories.

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After the FFG impact is taken into account, it is estimated that GNWT revenue will fall to $22 million, 5%, and federal government net revenue will rise to $378 million, 95%.

Because of project operations activity, annual average tax revenue in Canada during operations is expected to result in an increase of $127 million for provincial and territorial governments, and $286 million for the federal government. Total annual tax revenue will increase to an average $413 million outside the Northwest Territories because of operations activity.

As shown in Table 6-8, project operations effects on government revenue are expected to be positive, low magnitude and not significant.

Table 6-8: Government Revenue Effects – Project Operations Effect Attributes for the Northwest Territories and Canada

Effect Attribute Region Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Regional and Northwest Territories Positive Low Long term No beyond regional Canada Positive Low National Long term No

The large scale of the project, conducted in the context of the relatively small and still developing study area economy, means that all key economic indicators will be affected to a high degree and most will respond in a similar way. Although the effects on the national economy as a whole will be proportionally smaller, the attributes of most key indicators will also be affected in a similar way.

As shown in Table 6-9, project construction effects on national gross domestic product, employment and income effects are expected to be positive, high magnitude and significant.

Table 6-9: National Gross Domestic Product, Employment and Income Effects – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Region Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Regional and beyond Northwest Territories Positive High Short term Yes regional Canada Positive High National Short term Yes

As shown in Table 6-10, project operations effects on national gross domestic product, employment and income are expected to be positive, high magnitude and significant in the Northwest Territories. Effects in Canada overall are expected to be positive, but only low magnitude.

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Table 6-10: National Gross Domestic Product, Employment and Income Effects – Project Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Region Direction Magnitude Geographic Extent Duration Significant Regional and beyond Northwest Territories Positive High Long term Yes regional Canada Positive Low National Long term No

6.4 Demography The attraction that the economic benefits of the project will provide could also affect study area community populations. It is not expected that existing birth and death rates will be affected. All aspects of field development and project construction will create demands for labour and local business opportunities, and thus tend to encourage migration to regional and other centres of project activity. The possibility that increases in populations will overburden community infrastructure and services is a concern. Relevant mitigation measures include:

• southern workers, both male and female, will be hired for direct project-related positions in hiring halls, from contractor lists and via media advertising in selected provincial cities.

• Human Resources Skills Development Canada (HRSD) offices will provide the message that the only direct project hiring in the North will be qualified people who have lived in the North for at least one year and have a Northwest Territories medical card. However, these measures will be only partially effective because there will be many indirect and induced jobs during project construction. The inherently uncertain nature of speculative in-migration makes construction effect predictions subject to a relatively low level of confidence. Operations effects are based on more reliable predictions of migrant response to longer-term and more stable economic conditions. The assumptions used in both cases were selected to provide planners with a high-side scenario so errors, if any, should not result in unexpected problems. A residual population effect because of speculative in-migration to the regional centres of Inuvik, Norman Wells, Fort Simpson and Hay River is expected. The total amount of this effect is estimated to be about 800 people and will likely be correlated in time with the peak project activity in each area. It is expected that in-migrants will be distributed as follows:

• Inuvik – 450 in-migrants • Norman Wells – 100 in-migrants • Fort Simpson – 140 in-migrants • Hay River – 125 in-migrants

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Table 6-11 shows that project effects on population movement in most regions are expected to be adverse, in the sense of stimulating population movement, low to moderate magnitude, usually of short duration and not significant. In Inuvik, the effects could be adverse and positive, and are expected to be high magnitude.

Table 6-11: Population Mobility – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of ISR Adverse Low Regional Short term No ISR Aklavik Adverse Low Regional Short term No Tuktoyaktuk Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No All of GSA Adverse Low Regional Short term No GSA Positive and Inuvik High Local Short term No adverse All of SSA Adverse Low Local Short term No SSA Norman Wells Adverse High Local Short term No Fort Good Hope Adverse Moderate Local Short term No All of DCR (except Adverse Low Regional Short term No Hay River) Fort Simpson Adverse Moderate Local Short term No DCR Wrigley, Jean Marie River and Trout Adverse Low Regional Short term No Lake Positive and Yellowknife Low Local Short term No adverse NWT ICCs Positive and Hay River Low Local Short term No adverse High Level, Northwestern Positive and Rainbow Lake and Low Local Short term No Alberta ICCs adverse Zama City

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

Low-level positive and adverse effects on population movements are expected in the Northwest Territories and northwestern Alberta ICCs, and neutral effects are expected in the DTFN communities.

During operations, effects on population will also be relatively small, only marginally affecting Inuvik and the ICCs. The transitional effect from peak construction demands will include initial operations and some ongoing drilling, possibly involving about 470 people during 2009 to 2015. This effect will stabilize during early operations, and by 2021 to 2025, will reach a level of about Page 6-12 August 2004

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420 people. About 60% of this effect is expected in Inuvik and a further 30% in the ICCs. However, the long-term distribution should change to about 50% for Inuvik and 40% for the ICCs. Table 6-12 shows these effects will be positive but low magnitude in Inuvik and Norman Wells where the transition will be most marked. Effects in other areas are also summarized.

Table 6-12: Population Mobility – Project Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant ISR All of ISR Neutral No effect Regional Long term No GSA Inuvik Positive Low Local Long term No SSA Norman Wells Positive Low Local Long term No DCR Fort Simpson Neutral No effect Local Long term No Yellowknife NWT ICCs Neutral No effect Regional Long term No and Hay River Northwestern Alberta All Neutral No effect Regional Long term No

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

6.5 Infrastructure 6.5.1 Transportation Infrastructure Project effects on highway, railroad, barging, and air transportation infrastructure and services were assessed. Because of its size, the project is expected to cause increased demands on all transportation modes during construction. The project proponents will commit to ensuring project transport requirements will have limited adverse effects on any region or community in the study area. This will be achieved by implementing timely maintenance and repairs to highways and winter roads damaged by heavy project traffic, and by chartering planes to avoid crowding travellers not related to the project. Table 6-13 shows that with implementation of effective mitigation measures, project effects on transportation infrastructure are expected to be mostly adverse because of increased demands. However, all effects are expected to be low to moderate magnitude, of short duration and not significant. Extensive transportation will not be required in any region during operations. As a result, it was not necessary to assess operations effects on transport infrastructure.

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Table 6-13: Transportation Infrastructure – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Mode of Geographic Location Transportation Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Road Adverse Low Regional Short term No BDR Marine Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Air Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Road Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Marine Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No SSA Adverse and Air Moderate Regional Short term No positive Road Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No DCR Marine Adverse Low Regional Short term No Air Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Road Adverse Low Regional Short term No NWT ICCs Marine Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Air Adverse Low Regional Short term No Northwestern Low to Road Adverse Regional Short term No Alberta moderate

NOTES: BDR = Beaufort Delta Region, which is the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and Gwich’in Settlement Region combined SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area DCR = Deh Cho Region ICC = industrial and commercial centre

6.5.2 Energy and Utilities Infrastructure

The communities in the study area have mostly satisfactory water sourcing and treatment facilities, waste disposal arrangements, power supplies and heating fuel supplies. The Tulita water supply, described as sometimes unsatisfactory in the spring, is an exception. All have telephone, television, Internet and radio access, receive newspapers and have mail delivered three to five times a week.

Project construction camps will be completely self-sufficient in terms of water treatment, sewage and solid waste treatment and disposal, and communications capabilities. The project will have no effects on utilities, energy sources or communication facilities in any community. All communities appear to have sufficient reserve power capacity to provide for any foreseeable demands created by in-migrants or transients the project might attract to the study area.

During operations, as during construction, the project will have no effects on the energy and utilities systems of any community. Accordingly, there is no need to detail project attribute effects on energy and utilities infrastructure during either construction or operations.

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6.5.3 Housing Project effects on housing and accommodation will include direct and indirect demands for short- and long-term accommodation. Demands for short-term accommodation will be greatly reduced by providing project construction camps for most direct hires, but might increase because of very temporary peaks and to meet the needs of in-migrants. Programs to discourage speculative in-migration, described in Section 6.4, Demography, will help reduce project construction accommodation pressures, and the housing sector could adjust by anticipating demand. In 2000, the GNWT commissioned a study that predicted overall housing needs through an appropriate timeframe. As Table 6-14 shows, construction effects on housing are expected to be adverse in communities where less housing is available. These effects are expected to be high magnitude in Inuvik and Norman Wells, moderate magnitude in Tuktoyaktuk, Fort Simpson and Hay River, and low magnitude in other communities. Effects are local in extent and short term in these communities. Regional effects in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area and Deh Cho Region are all low magnitude and short term. None are significant.

As Table 6-15 shows, operations effects on housing in the larger centres are expected to be positive and adverse, low magnitude, but not significant.

6.5.4 Recreation Resources

Camp facilities will meet the recreation needs of the vast proportion of project employees. The remaining employees will be based in the regional centres, most for relatively short periods. As indicated previously, there will also be speculative in-migration to the regional centres, in spite of planned mitigation measures. Except for Fort Simpson, these communities are well equipped with large- capacity recreation complexes and other facilities.

Existing facilities in Fort Simpson, barely adequate for the current population, are expected to experience adverse, high-magnitude effects from the likely project-induced increase in population (see Table 6-16). In all other areas, the project is expected to have no effect or low-magnitude, adverse effects. Effects are expected to be local or regional in extent, short term and not significant. In Inuvik, positive and adverse, low-magnitude, local and long term effects are also expected. Positive effects are expected in a few communities where increased recreation fees and demand could defray the costs of increasing the hours facilities are open for use. There will be no effects on recreation facilities and use during operations, other than a low-magnitude, localized, adverse and positive effect in Inuvik and Norman Wells.

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Table 6-14: Housing – Project Construction Effect Attributes Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of ISR Adverse Low Regional Short term No ISR Tuktoyaktuk Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Aklavik Adverse Low Local Short term No GSA Aboriginal Adverse Low Regional Short term No GSA Communities Inuvik Adverse High Local Short term No All of SSA Adverse Low Local Short term No SSA Aboriginal Adverse Low Local Short term No SSA communities Norman Wells Adverse High Local Short term No Fort Good Hope Adverse Low Local Short term No Fort Simpson Adverse Moderate Local Short term No DCR Other DCR Adverse Low Regional Short term No communities Yellowknife Adverse Low Local Short term No NWT ICCs Hay River Adverse Moderate Local Short term No High Level Adverse Low Local Short term No Northwestern Zama City, Rainbow Alberta ICCs No effect No effect Local Short term No Lake NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

Table 6-15: Housing – Project Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Inuvik Positive Low Local Long term No Norman Wells Positive Low Local Long term No Fort Simpson Positive Low Local Long term No Positive and Yellowknife Low Local Long term No adverse Positive and Hay River Low Local Long term No adverse

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Table 6-16: Recreation Resources – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of ISR Neutral No effect Regional Short term No ISR Tuktoyaktuk Adverse Low Local Short term No Aklavik Adverse Low Local Short term No All of GSA Neutral No effect Regional Short term No GSA Positive and Short term Inuvik Low Local No adverse to long term All of SSA Adverse Low Regional Short term No Norman Wells Adverse Moderate Local Short term No SSA Positive and Norman Wells Low Local Long term No adverse All of DCR Neutral No effect Regional Short term No DCR Fort Simpson Adverse High Local Short term No Positive and NWT ICCs Hay River Low Local Short Term No adverse

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

6.5.5 Governance Governance encompasses both the authority to make decisions, and the ability to access and manage the funds required to make some decisions consequential. Governance is changing rapidly in the Northwest Territories. With the signing of land claim agreements and the associated transfer of powers, Aboriginal groups are now mostly politically autonomous. However, their effective authority is often limited because they lack financial independence, and senior governments can still exert considerable influence.

Both the GNWT and the Aboriginal Summit are trying to expedite devolution of land and resources from the federal government to territorial authorities. The result of ongoing devolution and self-government negotiations will be empowerment of community and regional governments, in terms of much increased authority and fiscal autonomy.

The project will have various effects on governance. Project-induced changes might affect the traditional commitments of Aboriginal people. This, and population changes, might influence some leadership decisions.

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The land claims agreements have increased decision-making demands on Aboriginal governing authorities and their leadership. The project will likely increase the number and importance of issues that Aboriginal authorities must now address, further challenging their energy and time.

As discussed previously, the project will produce considerable tax revenue that should exceed project-related increased demand for government expenditures. However, if devolution and revenue-sharing agreements are not final, tax revenue could occur too late to cover costs and could accrue to different levels of government.

Table 6-17 shows that project effects on governance are expected to be adverse, moderate magnitude, short term and not significant in the Northwest Territories during construction. During operations, these effects are expected to be positive but low magnitude. The project will have no effects on governance in northwestern Alberta.

Table 6-17: Governance – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Phase Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant NWT study Construction Adverse Moderate Regional and Short term No area beyond regional Northwestern Construction Neutral No effect Regional Short term No Alberta ICCs NWT study Operations Positive Low Regional and Long term No area beyond regional NOTES: ICC = industrial and commercial centre NWT = Northwest Territories

6.6 Individual, Family and Community Wellness Wellness is used as a generic term, and includes physical, emotional and mental health, and relationship well-being. This section describes how the project is expected to affect:

• individual, family and community well-being and delivery of social services • current physical and mental health conditions, and health care services • human health conditions • protection and policing services • education attainment and facilities and services

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6.6.1 Community Well-Being and Delivery of Social Services Well-being refers to everything that affects life experience, including the circumstances of physical existence, the quality of relationships, and the threat of violence and crime. If family and community relationships are caring and supportive, the well-being of individuals is ensured. However, abusive and violent family relationships jeopardize the well-being of family members, and indeed, of all residents in small communities. The well-being of individuals and groups can benefit because of employment opportunities and project spending that will provide increased income to spend on improving quality of life in the community or harvesting on the land. However, money spent on addictive substances could jeopardize family and community well-being, and overburden social services. Project-influenced relationships of Aboriginal workers with southern fellow-worker role models could have beneficial or adverse effects on behaviour affecting well-being. The most frequent and persistent problems that communities now experience are substance abuse, primarily alcohol, and derivative violence, often in families. As most police, social workers and nurses report, alcohol is the root source of the vast majority of community wellness issues, and many health problems. The most effective control measures will require preventive initiatives by the project, the Government of the Northwest Territories and local communities. Measures initiated by the project will include enforcing alcohol- and drug-free camps and workplaces, and proactive participation in community-based training programs in money management. These programs will promote financial responsibility and enable employees to place earnings in a savings account, thus reducing the money readily available to spend on alcohol. It is recommended the GNWT ensure local RCMP detachments have adequate staff to consistently enforce prohibitions against over-serving and other liquor ordinances, to take into preventive detention persons so intoxicated as to be a danger to themselves or others, and to lay charges against violent abusers, irrespective of the wishes of the victims. The most effective measures, available only to local communities, include local ordinances limiting the amount of alcohol that may be imported locally at one time, and focusing community concerns on the human and financial cost of alcohol abuse. But despite these measures, increased income from project employment might add substantially to substance abuse-related problems, and to the burdens of the social services that must deal with these problems. Substantial inmigration, particularly to regional centres, could also increase the demands on these services. Programs to discourage speculative in-migration, described in Section 6.4, Demography, will help contain such population increase.

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Social services are delivered in all but the smallest of Northwest Territories communities through community wellness centres, where child welfare, substance abuse, income support and other social services can work with clients having multiple needs. Assessments of the adequacy or quality of staffing of community wellness centres have not been made, with the exception of a GNWT-funded study that found addictions services in urgent need of immediate attention, expertise, direction, policy directives, leadership and rebuilding (Chalmers and Associates 2002). Accordingly, the more wellness problems are prevented by effective measures against substance abuse, the less the workload on the social service workers, and the more effectively they can work with their remaining clients.

As Table 6-18 shows, project construction is expected to have neutral effects on well-being in Holman, Sachs Harbour, and adverse, low-magnitude effects in Yellowknife, Déline and Colville Lake. All other study area communities are expected to experience adverse effects of low, moderate or high magnitude, local extent and short-term duration. These well-being effects are judged to be not significant.

Table 6-18: Well-Being Conditions – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Aklavik, Tuktoyaktuk and Adverse High Local Short term No ISR Paulatuk Holman and Sachs Harbour Neutral Low Local Short term No GSA Aboriginal communities Adverse Moderate Local Short term No GSA Inuvik Adverse High Local Short term No Fort Good Hope and Tulita Adverse Moderate Local Short term No SSA Norman Wells Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Déline and Colville Lake Adverse Low Local Short term No Wrigley Adverse Moderate Local Short term No DCR Fort Simpson Adverse High Local Short term No Other DCR communities Adverse Low Local Short term No Yellowknife Neutral Low Local Short term No NWT Hay River, including ICCs Aboriginal satellite Adverse Low Local Short term No communities

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

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The northwestern Alberta communities are absent from these tables because potential beneficial and adverse effects of the project are expected to balance out, with neutral residual effects.

Project effects on delivery of social services are expected to be adverse and high magnitude, but local, short term and not significant in Inuvik, Fort Simpson, Tuktoyaktuk and Aklavik (see Table 6-19). Moderate effects are expected in Fort McPherson, Tsiigehtchic, Fort Good Hope, Tulita and Wrigley, and low or neutral effects elsewhere. The northwestern Alberta communities have well-staffed social service offices, providing a range of important services. It is expected that these will be adequate to handle any increase in demands for social services that the project might cause.

Table 6-19: Delivery of Social Services – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Aklavik, Tuktoyaktuk and Adverse High Local Short term No ISR Paulatuk Holman and Sachs Harbour Neutral Low Local Short term No GSA Aboriginal communities Adverse Moderate Local Short term No GSA Inuvik Adverse High Local Short term No Fort Good Hope and Tulita Adverse Moderate Local Short term No SSA Norman Wells Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Déline and Colville Lake Adverse Low Local Short term No Wrigley Adverse Moderate Local Short term No DCR Fort Simpson Adverse High Local Short term No DCR other communities Adverse Low Local Short term No Yellowknife Neutral Low Local Short term No NWT ICCs Hay River, including Aboriginal satellite Adverse Low Local Short term No communities

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area Most employment numbers and opportunities generated by the project will end once construction and associated restoration activities are complete. A small number of technical operations maintenance staff will likely be stationed only in Inuvik and Norman Wells, perhaps with some maintenance staff in Fort Simpson. There could be some long-term positive effects on well-being and delivery of social services in the Beaufort Delta Region, but these will be low magnitude and not significant.

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6.6.2 Health Conditions and Health Care Services The health of individuals and groups can benefit because of employment opportunities and project spending that will provide increased income to spend on a better diet, climate-appropriate clothing, and housing arrangements or facilities. Project-influenced associations with new role models could also have health or safety benefits. However, health might be adversely affected by: • family violence and dangerous behaviour resulting from substance abuse • project-influenced associations with negative role models • exposure to contagious diseases

The mitigation measures that the project, government and communities should implement to reduce alcohol abuse, a frequent source of many accidental and violent injuries, are described in Section 6.6.1.

The settlement regions currently have relatively high sexually transmitted infection, accident and injury rates. Project employment could reduce accident rates because it might be less risky than some other northern winter activities. However, increased alcohol consumption, associated with increases in casual, unprotected sex in regional centres, might increase sexually transmitted infection rates. As well, the possible stresses of the long work hours of those on rotational employment, and of those left behind to parent children and run the household, might increase rates of mental disorders.

All project camps will have health care staff and facilities at levels suited to camp size. Health care staffing and facility equipment will be in place to ensure that injured and seriously ill patients can be stabilized for medical evacuation, even in small camps.

The project proponents will work with GNWT HSS to design project health and work environment guidelines, procedures and protocols for:

• medical alert and quarantine protocols • fitness to work assessments • assessment and care of ill or injured workers

Health care needs and services are reciprocally related, each affecting the other. Project effects that reduce numbers of patients or improve the situations of health care workers will create a positive feedback process. For example, beneficial project effects on wellness could reduce the demands on nurses, enabling them to deliver better care. As indicated previously, there will be some speculative in- migration to the regional centres, in spite of planned mitigation measures, which could add to the demands on health care staff and facilities in these centres.

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Table 6-20 shows that project effects on health conditions are expected to be adverse, and low or moderate magnitude in all communities except Fort Good Hope and Fort Simpson, where the effects might be high magnitude. All effects are expected to be short term, local in extent, except for the regional assessments, and not significant.

Table 6-20: Health Conditions – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of ISR Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No ISR Tuktoyaktuk Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Aklavik Adverse Moderate Local Short term No All of GSA Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No GSA Inuvik Adverse Moderate Local Short term No All of SSA Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Norman Wells Adverse Moderate Local Short term No SSA Fort Good Adverse High Local Short term No Hope Fort Simpson Adverse High Local Short term No Wrigley Adverse Moderate Local Short term No DCR Other DCR Adverse Moderate Local Short term No communities Yellowknife Adverse Low Local Short term No NWT ICCs Hay River Adverse Moderate Local Short term No High Level Adverse Low Regional Short term No Northwestern Other Alberta northwestern Adverse Low Local Short term No Alberta

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centres ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

Table 6-21 shows that project effects on health care centres are expected to be adverse and low or moderate magnitude in all areas except Tuktoyaktuk, the Inuvik Hospital, Fort Good Hope and Fort Simpson, where the effects might be high magnitude. All effects will be of short-term duration, local in extent and not significant. Effects on the Inuvik Hospital in-patient program will be regional in extent, as will effects on the Yellowknife hospital and High Level health care facilities.

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Table 6-21: Health Care Services – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attributes Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant ISR health centres Adverse Moderate Local Short term No ISR Tuktoyaktuk Adverse High Local Short term No GSA health care centres Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Inuvik Hospital out- GSA Adverse High Local Short term No patient Inuvik Hospital in-patient Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No SSA health centres Adverse Moderate Local Short term No SSA Norman Wells Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Fort Good Hope Adverse High Local Short term No Fort Simpson Adverse High Local Short term No DCR Wrigley Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Other DCR communities Adverse Low Local Short term No Beyond Yellowknife Hospital Adverse Low Short term No NWT ICCs regional Hay River Hospital Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Northwestern DTFN Adverse Low Local Short term No Alberta High Level Adverse Low Regional Short term No Northwestern Rainbow Lake and Zama Alberta ICCs Adverse Low Local Short term No City

NOTES: – = not available DCR = Deh Cho Region DTFN = Dene Tha’ First Nation GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

Activities during operations are not expected to affect health care facilities because the increased income and the work- and separation-related stresses will have ended with construction completion.

6.6.3 Project Environmental Effects and Human Health Conditions

Project construction camps will be self-contained, sourcing and treating water, and treating and disposing liquid and solid waste according to relevant government published standards. Relevant research and recent studies indicate that the project is expected to have no effects on air, water or soil quality during either construction or operations that could cause adverse effects on the health of humans, plants or animals.

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Concerns were expressed in some communities about emissions from diesel trucks parked near communities with their engines idling. Relevant mitigation measures include using late-model vehicles that burn low-sulphur diesel fuel, and avoiding parking idling vehicles near communities. As Table 6-22 shows, the effects of diesel exhaust health risks are expected to be adverse, low magnitude, local and short term.

Table 6-22: Project Environmental Effects on Human Health – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Key Indicator Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Diesel engine exhaust Adverse Low Local Short term No Noise Adverse Low Local Short term No

The commitment by project proponents to a maximum noise level of 45 dBA at 1.5 km from any project facility ensures that noise will have no effects on human health during operations. Noise effects are expected to be low magnitude and local in extent.

Table 6-23 shows the effects on human health of key substance indicators that could be produced during operations. All effects are expected to be adverse, low magnitude and local in extent during this phase.

Table 6-23: Project Environmental Effects on Human Health – Project Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Key Indicator Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant

SO2, NOx, CO Adverse Low Local Long term No Particulate matter Adverse Low Local Long term No Benzene and BTEX Adverse Low Local Long term No Potential acid inputs Adverse Low Local Long term No Noise Adverse Low Local Long term No

NOTES:

SO2 = sulphur dioxide NOx = nitrogen oxides CO = carbon monoxide BTEX = benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene

6.6.4 Public Safety and Protection Services

Prompt, efficient policing services are a mainstay of violence-free community relationships. Many RCMP detachments in the study area report that they are currently overburdened. During construction, policing burdens will be affected by having to address increased problems in the communities the police serve, occasional problems in camps and the size of the local detachment.

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Successful control of alcohol abuse will be the most effective way to reduce policing problems. The relevant measures are the same as those listed in Section 6.6.1, Community Well-Being and Delivery of Social Services.

Increased substance abuse and derivative problems might result from the elevated earnings the project will bring. Accordingly, as shown in Table 6-24, project construction effects on local policing are expected to be adverse, ranging from high magnitude in Inuvik and Fort Simpson, to medium and low magnitude in the other study area communities. The geographic extent will be local in most cases and duration short term, so these effects are judged to be not significant.

Table 6-24: Protection Services – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attributes Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Tuktoyaktuk Adverse Moderate Local Short term No ISR Other ISR Low to Adverse Local Short term No communities moderate Inuvik Adverse High Local Short term No GSA Other GSA Adverse Low Local Short term No communities Norman Wells and Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Fort Good Hope SSA Other SSA Adverse Low Local Short term No communities Fort Simpson Adverse High Local Short term No Jean Marie River, Adverse Moderate Local Short term No DCR Wrigley, Trout Lake Other DCR Adverse Low Local Short term No communities Hay River Adverse Moderate Local Short term No Yellowknife Adverse Low Local Short term No NWT ICCs Neighbouring Low to Aboriginal Adverse Local Short term No moderate communities Assumption Adverse Low Regional Short term No Northwestern High Level Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Alberta Rainbow Lake and Adverse Low Local Short term No Zama City

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

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Most employment and economic opportunities generated by the project will end once construction is complete. A small number of staff will be required for technical operations and pipeline maintenance, and will likely be stationed in Inuvik and Norman Wells, perhaps with some maintenance staff in Fort Simpson. Accordingly, there could be low-magnitude, local, long-term effects in Inuvik, but there will be no need for mitigation measures and no residual effects on policing services during operations elsewhere.

6.6.5 Education Attainment and Services

Education attainment and services in the study area will likely be affected by the project. Some adolescents will respond to employment opportunities by leaving school prematurely, and some former dropouts might return to qualify for more training. Children of in-migrants could increase enrolment pressures. Some teachers might resign in favour of project employment. Thus, enrolment pressures and project-related changes in education and training programs might increase or decrease.

The schools, project personnel and community members will urgently seek to discourage adolescents from dropping out. Previously described measures to discourage in-migration to regional centres will be relevant as well in keeping enrolments at manageable levels.

Table 6-25 shows that in Inuvik and Fort Simpson, both positive and adverse effects on education attainment are expected. Effects will be moderate magnitude, regional in extent and short- to long-term duration. Fort Good Hope is expected to experience positive and adverse, moderate-magnitude, local and short-term effects. Low-magnitude, regional and long-term effects are expected in Norman Wells and Fort Simpson. All other communities will likely experience positive and adverse effects on education attainment, which are local, low magnitude and short term, except for Tuktoyaktuk, Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic, where effects are expected to be long term.

The project will have no adverse effects on education attainment in northwestern Alberta during construction or operations.

As Table 6-26 shows, neutral, local and regional, short- or long-term effects on education services are expected in most communities. Positive and adverse effects in Tuktoyaktuk, and positive and neutral effects in other ISR communities are expected. In all cases, effects will be low magnitude, local, and short or long term. In Inuvik, effects will likely be positive and neutral, low magnitude, regional, and short to long term. No effects are significant.

The project will have no adverse effects on education facilities and services in northwestern Alberta during construction or operations.

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Table 6-25: Education Attainment – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attributes Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Positive and Short term Tuktoyaktuk Low Local No adverse to long term ISR Other ISR Positive and Low Local Short term No communities adverse Positive and Short term Inuvik Moderate Regional No adverse to long term GSA Other GSA Aboriginal Positive and Short term Low Local No communities adverse to long term Positive and Local Short term No Norman Wells Low adverse Regional Long term No Positive and SSA Fort Good Hope Moderate Local Short term No adverse Other SSA Aboriginal Positive and Low Local Short term No communities adverse Positive and Moderate Regional Short term No Fort Simpson adverse Low Regional Long term No Wrigley, Jean Marie Positive and Low to DCR Local Short term No River adverse moderate Other DCR Aboriginal Positive and Low Local Short term No communities adverse Positive and Yellowknife Low Local Short term No adverse NWT ICCs Positive and Hay River Low Local Short term No adverse

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

6.7 Traditional Culture

Survival by harvesting food resources nourished by the land is the ethos, the essential centre, of Aboriginal cultures. These cultures are sustained today by community influences that communicate preferences and needs, and encourage harvesting of traditional foods. Sustaining the knowledge, lore and skills necessary for harvesting these foods depends on motivation and the time to engage in these activities.

Harvesting and seasonal wage employment are now symbiotic, because low incomes from trapping necessitate wage employment to pay for the expensive equipment now needed for efficient harvesting. The project will provide wage employment that will support harvesting-equipment requirements.

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Table 6-26: Education Facilities and Services – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attributes Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Positive and Moderate Short term to Tuktoyaktuk Local No adverse and low long term ISR Other ISR Positive Low Local Short term No communities Neutral Low Local Long term No Positive and Short term to Inuvik No effect Regional No neutral long term GSA Other GSA Neutral No effect Local Short term No communities Short term to Norman Wells Neutral No effect Regional No long term SSA Other SSA Neutral No effect Local Short term No communities Short term to Fort Simpson Neutral No effect Regional No long term DCR Other DCR Neutral No effect Local Short term No Communities Yellowknife and NWT ICCs Neutral No effect Local Short term No Hay River

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

Project employment could jeopardize harvester lore and disciplines by bringing Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal workers together on the job, and by pre-empting harvesting activities, because of time needed for long-rotation employment cycles. Some Aboriginal people might experience the paid work more rewarding than harvesting, promoting interest in a southern lifestyle. However, Aboriginal workers could also react negatively, strengthening their appreciation of the traditional relationships and the lifestyle they enjoy at home.

Elders are powerful influences for sustaining tradition. The project will support their efforts and help meet the traditional food requirements of communities by supporting hunting leaves to Aboriginal workers to secure important harvests, where practical.

The effect of the project on cross-generation transference of traditional language, and knowledge of and identification with traditional culture, are central to questions about language and cultural retention. As in the case of resource

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harvesting, project influences might either strengthen or weaken language and culture.

In 1999, 72% of Deh Cho Aboriginal community residents reported fluency in an Aboriginal language, as did 68% in the Sahtu Aboriginal communities. Only about 28% reported fluency in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and the Gwich’in Settlement Area. Fluency declined by 11% between 1989 and 1999 in the Northwest Territories as a whole. Fluency in Aboriginal language is severely undermined by use of English in the media, schooling and most work situations. Although an Aboriginal language is spoken at home in many communities, this is often not the case in the Beaufort Delta Region, where only 29% know their Aboriginal tongue. Project employment will likely have little effect on language and cultural retention in this area.

Expected project effects on traditional harvesting (see Table 6-27), and language and culture retention (see Table 6-28) are alike because of similar influences. No effects are expected on either Norman Wells or Yellowknife. Low-magnitude adverse effects are expected on language retention in all other communities because of lengthy exposure to English. Only low-magnitude adverse effects on harvesting are expected in most of these communities. The many job opportunities in the Beaufort Delta Region will have moderate adverse effects on harvesting in Tuktoyaktuk, Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic. In Sachs Harbour, Holman and Paulatuk, harvesting is so important that the project will have neutral effects.

Most employment numbers and opportunities generated by the project will end once construction and associated restoration activities are complete. With few technical operations and maintenance staff stationed at Inuvik, Norman Wells and Fort Simpson, these project effects will effectively end.

Table 6-27: Traditional Harvesting – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of ISR Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No Sachs Harbour, Paulatuk ISR Neutral Low Regional Short term No and Holman Tuktoyaktuk Adverse Moderate Local Short term No All of GSA Adverse Moderate Regional Short term No GSA Aboriginal GSA Adverse Low Regional Short term No communities Inuvik Adverse Low Local Short term No SSA Aboriginal Adverse Low Regional Short term No SSA communities Norman Wells Neutral No effect Local Short term No

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Table 6-27: Traditional Harvesting – Project Construction Effect Attributes (cont’d)

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of DCR (except Fort Adverse Low Regional Short term No DCR Simpson) Fort Simpson Adverse Low Local Short term No Yellowknife Neutral No effect Local Short term No NWT ICCs Hay River Adverse Low Local Short term No Northwestern DTFN Adverse Low Local Short term No Alberta

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region DTFN = Dene Tha’ First Nation GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

Table 6-28: Language and Culture Preservation – Project Construction Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Geographic Region Location Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant All of ISR Adverse Low Regional Short term No ISR All ISR (except Aklavik) Adverse Low Local Short term No All of GSA Adverse Low Regional Short term No GSA Aboriginal GSA Adverse Low Local Short term No communities Inuvik Adverse No effect Local Short term No All of SSA Adverse Low Regional Short term No SSA Aboriginal SSA Adverse Low Local Short term No communities Norman Wells Neutral No effect Local Short term No All of DCR Adverse Low Regional Short term No DCR Fort Simpson, Fort Liard Adverse Low Local Short term No and Fort Providence NWT ICCs Yellowknife and Hay River Neutral No effect Local Short term No Northwestern DTFN Neutral No effect Local Short term No Alberta

NOTES: DCR = Deh Cho Region DTFN = Dene Tha’ First Nation GSA = Gwich’in Settlement Area ICC = industrial and commercial centre ISR = Inuvialuit Settlement Region NWT = Northwest Territories SSA = Sahtu Settlement Area

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6.8 Nontraditional Land and Resource Use

Effects of the project on the following valued components were assessed in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area, Sahtu Settlement Area, Deh Cho Region and northwestern Alberta:

• land ownership

• granular resources

• timber

• mining

• oil and gas activities

• nontraditional resource harvesting, i.e., hunting, fishing and trapping by non-Aboriginal people

• other commercial activities, i.e., reindeer herding, agriculture

• tourism and recreation

Detailed baseline information on the existing conditions for nontraditional land and resource use in the project study area can be found in Volume 4, Socio-Economic Baseline.

Project effects on the administrative regions of the Mackenzie Valley were assessed for all project components, i.e., the production area, the gathering pipelines, the pipeline, associated facilities and infrastructure, and borrow sites. The effects of these developments on nine valued components were assessed. The effect attributes used in these assessments are defined in Volume 6, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment.

Table 6-29 identifies the combined effects of the project on each of the identified valued components, listed previously. It is apparent that the project components often have differing effects on the individual valued components. However, as the table shows, none of these effects is significant.

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Table 6-29: Nontraditional Land and Resource Use – Project Construction and Operations Effect Attributes

Effect Attribute Valued Geographic Component Effect Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Contravention of zoning Land ownership bylaws or land access Neutral No effect N/A N/A No requirements Decrease in available land Neutral to No effect Short term Local No base for granular extraction adverse to low to long term Positive or Local to Moderate Short term No Change to existing granular adverse regional operations Granular Positive Low Regional Long term No resources Short term Adverse Moderate Regional No Loss of granular resources to long term Adverse Low Regional Long term No Net effect on granular Adverse Low Regional Long term No resources Decrease in available land Short term Adverse Low Local No base for timber resources to long term Disruption to existing forest Neutral No effect N/A N/A No industry practices Timber resources Adverse Low Regional Short term No Changes to existing timber Neutral to No effect harvesting practices Regional Long term No positive to low Neutral to No effect Local to Loss of timber resources Long term No adverse to low regional Decrease in available land Neutral to No effect Short term Local No Mineral base for mining adverse to low to long term resources Disruption to existing mining Neutral No effect N/A N/A No operations Decrease in available land Short term base for other oil and gas Adverse Low Local No to long term Oil and gas activities activities Changes in other oil and gas Positive to No effect Local to Short term No activities adverse to low regional to long term Decrease in available land Short term base for resource harvesting Adverse Low Local No to long term activities Low to Nontraditional Adverse Regional Short term No resource Change in nontraditional moderate harvesting hunting and fishing success Neutral to No effect Local Long term No adverse to low Change in resource Positive or Short term Low Local No harvesting opportunities adverse to long term Decrease in available land Other commercial Neutral to No effect Short term base for other commercial Local No activities adverse to low to long term activities

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Table 6-29: Nontraditional Land and Resource Use – Project Effect Construction and Operations Attributes (cont’d)

Effect Attribute Valued Geographic Component Effect Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Neutral to No effect Regional Short term No Other commercial Change in other commercial adverse to low activities (cont’d) activities Positive to Low Regional Long term No adverse Decrease in available land Neutral to No effect Local to Short term base for tourism and outdoor No adverse to low regional to long term recreation activities Neutral to No effect Local to Short term No Change to tourism and adverse to low regional recreation activities Positive to No effect Local to Long term No adverse to low regional Tourism and Neutral to No effect Local to recreation Short term No Change in quality of tourism adverse to low regional and outdoor recreation Positive to No effect Local to Long term No adverse to low regional Change to summer tourist and recreational boat traffic Neutral to No effect Local to Short term No in the Mackenzie River and adverse to low regional to long term Mackenzie Delta Disruption of current marine Marine shipping and operation No effect N/A N/A N/A No operations activities

NOTE: N/A = not applicable

The effects expected to occur in northwestern Alberta differ slightly from those described previously. No effects are expected on the following valued components:

• granular resources • changes to existing timber harvest • changes in nontraditional hunting and fishing success • tourism and recreation • marine operations (ISR only)

6.8.1 Protected Areas

The areas for construction of the pipeline and associated project components will overlap with some areas designated for limited development. Construction of the various project components will result in a decrease in the undisturbed area in these areas. However, in all cases, the project will be developed to meet the recommendations or requirements of the various land use plans and regulations that apply.

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The presence of additional temporary and permanent roads for the project could change access to other land uses in protected and proposed protected areas. This could result in changes to other land uses already present in these areas or an increase in other land uses. It is expected that other land users will also follow the requirements and recommendations of the applicable land use plan or regulation for development in protected or proposed protected areas.

The Northwest Territories Protected Areas Strategy has been reviewed and considered in the project effects assessment. Only two areas identified under the protected areas strategy are encountered by the project. There is potential for other areas along the pipeline corridor to be identified in the future under the protected areas strategy. However, the project has taken a landscape-based approach to the environmental and socio-economic impact assessments, resulting in a 30-km corridor centred on the pipeline. This approach provides an information base for assessing potential impacts of the project on any future areas identified in the corridor under the protected areas strategy. Table 6-30 summarizes the expected project effects on protected areas throughout the project area, as discussed previously.

Table 6-30: Protected Areas – Combined Project Construction and Operations Effects

Effect Attribute Geographic Effect Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Loss of available land base Neutral to Short term to No effect to low Regional No in protected areas adverse long term Local and Adverse Moderate Short term No Disturbance to protected regional areas Low to Local and Adverse Long term No moderate regional Disturbance to Beluga Adverse Low Local Short term No Management Zone 1A

6.8.2 Visual and Aesthetic Resources Table 6-31 summarizes the expected combined effects from the project on visual and aesthetic resources in the project area, as discussed previously.

Table 6-31: Visual and Aesthetic Resources – Combined Project Operations Effects

Effect Attribute Geographic Effect Direction Magnitude Extent Duration Significant Effect of change in landscape on Low to Local to people travelling in the area or on Adverse Long term No moderate regional local land users

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6.9 Heritage Resources Heritage resources are nonrenewable resources that might be located at or near the ground surface and therefore are highly susceptible to any activities disturbing the ground. They are defined and managed by GNWT legislation in the Northwest Territories and the Alberta Historical Resources Act in Alberta. Based on community and regulatory input, the key issues relating to heritage resources include loss or damage to historical, cultural, archaeological and palaeontological resources. The methods employed for the project-focused field reconnaissance and heritage resource impact assessment (HRIA) are considered standard for archaeological projects of this type in the region. Field studies consisted of a reconnaissance-level survey of: • parts of the three anchor fields and segments of a 1-km-wide corridor along the pipeline route selected by the project team • 67 potential locations for project-related infrastructure sites • 159 potential borrow sites

A total of 114 heritage resource sites were found, 28 in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, 32 in the Gwich’in Settlement Area, 34 in the Sahtu Settlement Area and 20 in the Deh Cho Region. Thirty-two of these sites were rated as high in significance, 37 as medium and 45 as low.

The following tables identify heritage resources that were determined to be of high or moderate significance in specific regions investigated during the 2002 and 2003 focused reconnaissance programs:

• Table 6-32: High Significance Heritage Resources – Inuvialuit Settlement Region

• Table 6-33: High Significance Heritage Resources – Gwich’in Settlement Area

• Table 6-34: High Significance Heritage Resources Investigated – Sahtu Settlement Area

• Table 6-35: Moderate Significance Heritage Resources – Deh Cho Region

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Table 6-32: High Significance Heritage Resources – Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Heritage Resource Type Landform Association Project Component Significant 03MGP- Terrace near the mouth of an Prehistoric camp site Gathering pipelines High ISR 01 unnamed creek 03MGP- Low ridge near a channel of Prehistoric lithic Gathering pipelines High ISR 02 Mackenzie River 03MGP- Prehistoric lithic Shore of a small unnamed lake Gathering pipelines High ISR 05 03MGP- Near Mackenzie River and Lucas Historic burial Gathering pipelines High ISR 06 Point 03MGP- Elevated terrace between two Prehistoric lithic scatter Borrow site access road High ISR 08 unnamed lakes 03MGP- Elevated gravel terrace between Parsons Lake, borrow Rock cairns High ISR 09 two unnamed lakes site 03MGP- Small knoll on the floodplain of Prehistoric lithic scatter Parsons Lake High ISR 11 an unnamed creek 03MGP- Slope near a draw leading to a Palaeontological site Parsons Lake High ISR 12 plateau Elevated terrace above NhTv 001 Prehistoric lithic scatter Niglintgak High Mackenzie River Gravel ridge near an unnamed NhTt 007 Prehistoric lithic scatter Gathering pipelines High creek Historic scatter and Tip of Tununuk Point on the bank Production area NgTu 010 High burials of Mackenzie River infrastructure Terrace overlooking Mackenzie Production area NgTt 016 Historic burial High River infrastructure Large rock feature and High gravel ridge above an NeTs 004 Borrow site High lithic scatter unnamed creek near Peter Lake Prehistoric lithic scatter Airstrip at Tununuk Point on Production area NgTt 011 High eroded bone fragments Mackenzie River infrastructure Production area NgTt 012 Prehistoric burial site Gravel ridge near Tununuk Point High infrastructure

The tables provide information on these findings for the four territorial regions, showing:

• heritage resource identification number • type of resource • landform association • project component where it was found • significance rating

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Table 6-33: High Significance Heritage Resources – Gwich’in Settlement Area

Heritage Type Landform Association Project Significant Resource Component Mackenzie River, Travaillant Lake, Trout Borrow site MkTl 001 Traditional trail High Lake access road MlTm 002 Historic cabin Wood Bridge Lake Pipeline corridor High Historic camp Slumping slope near the confluence of the MiTk 002 Infrastructure High site, burial Mackenzie and Travaillant rivers Near the confluence of the Mackenzie and MiTk 004 Historic cabin Infrastructure High Travaillant rivers Historic camp MjTk 001 Travaillant Lake Infrastructure High site, cabin 03MGP- Historic camp Between a small lake and a small creek Borrow site High GSA 03 and trail from Campbell Lake access road 03MGP- Prehistoric lithic Trending Ridge above Thunder River Pipeline corridor High GSA 16 scatter 03MGP- Prehistoric lithic Elevated terrace above Thunder River Pipeline corridor, High GSA 17 scatter Valley borrow site 03MGP- Prehistoric lithic Low-lying level area near an unnamed lake Pipeline corridor High GSA 18 scatter

Table 6-34: High Significance Heritage Resources – Sahtu Settlement Area

Heritage Resource Type Landform Association Project Component Significant Indigenous historic Terrace near the mouth of Saline LbRn 008 Pipeline corridor High burial River Moderate to LeRo 004 Traditional cabins Small unnamed lake Borrow site high 03MGP- Historic burials Knoll Infrastructure High SSA 01 03MGP- Terrace along the confluence of Borrow site access Historic burial High SSA 02 the Mackenzie and Tieda rivers road 03MGP- Prehistoric lithic Beach on Hare Indian River Pipeline corridor High SSA 06 scatter Elevated terrace above LcRo 003 Historic cabins Infrastructure High Mackenzie River Prehistoric lithic MgTf 004 Elevated terrace Borrow site High scatter Prehistoric lithic LcRo 006 Shore of Mackenzie River Infrastructure High scatter

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Table 6-35: Moderate Significance Heritage Resources – Deh Cho Region

Heritage Resource Type Landform Association Project Component Significant Flat plains near converging Pipeline corridor, JlRi 008 Historic camp Moderate cut lines borrow site JfRd 002 Traditional trap line, trail Shore of Trout River Pipeline corridor Moderate KlRm 002 Historic cabin Edge of Mackenzie River Pipeline corridor Moderate KlRm 010 Historic cabin Mackenzie River Pipeline corridor Moderate KeRj 024 Historic camp Bank of Willowlake River Pipeline corridor Moderate KbRh 001 Prehistoric lithic scatter Small knoll Borrow site Moderate KbRh 002 Traditional trap line, trail Small unnamed lake Borrow site Moderate KaRf 001 Historic cabins Shore of Mackenzie River Borrow site Moderate Low terrace above Nadia Pipeline corridor, JlRh 007 Traditional trap line Moderate Creek borrow site 03MGP- Traditional trap line, traps Bank of Willowlake River Pipeline corridor Moderate DCR 05

These lists do not include resources of limited significance, i.e., modern camp or potential trails. In addition, moderate significance resources, i.e., historic camp or traditional trails, were not included in the summary for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Gwich’in Settlement Area and Sahtu Settlement Area. They were included in the Deh Cho Region list (see Table 6-35) because no resource in the Deh Cho Region was rated more than moderate significance.

No archaeological field studies were done in Alberta during the 2002 and 2003 heritage resources program. However, a preliminary search of the site file records at Alberta Community Development revealed that no previously recorded historical resources are situated near project development sites.

Because of the location-specific nature of heritage resources, it is necessary to know the specific location of both the heritage resources and the development footprint proposed, to ascertain the full extent of project effects. Until a final design and location for the various project elements is available, the precise areas that would be subject to ground disturbance cannot be specified. Consequently, although the significance of those resources investigated can be made with a reasonable level of confidence, predictions on the precise effects of the project must await completion of a full HRIA.

Based on findings to date, it is expected that most of the adverse effects could be managed by mitigation measures implemented before development impact, as outlined in Volume 6, Section 8.9.1, Heritage Resource Management Plan. The project proponents are committed to completing a thorough heritage resource assessment that will discuss the effects of the project, and will abide by any regulatory requirements established by the GNWT and Alberta Community Development relative to heritage resources.

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REFERENCES

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). 1992. Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. Ottawa, Ontario.

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). 2003. Incorporating Climate Change Consideration in Environmental Assessment: General Guidance to Practitioners. November 2003.

Chalmers and Associates Consulting Ltd. 2002. A State of Emergency … A Report on the Delivery of Addictions Services in the Northwest Territories. Prepared for GNWT HSS.

Committee for Original Peoples’ Entitlement (COPE) and Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (DIAND). 1984. Inuvialuit Final Agreement. Document 322-7/20. June 1984. (Including Amending Agreement, Document 332-4/43, March 1988.)

Cott, P.A. and J.P. Moore. 2003. Working Near Water, Considerations for Fish and Fish Habitat. Reference and Workshop Manual. Northwest Territories Department of Fisheries and Oceans – Western Arctic Area. Inuvik, Northwest Territories.

Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (DIAND). 1992, c. 53. Gwich’in Land Claim Settlement Act. Available at: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/G-11.8/62595.html.

Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (DIAND). 1994, c. 27. Sahtu Dene and Métis Land Claim Settlement Act. Available at: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/S-1.5/index.html.

Government of Canada. RS 1985, c. N-7. National Energy Board Act. Ottawa, Ontario.

Government of Canada. 1992. Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act. Ottawa, Ontario.

Government of Canada. 2001. A Canadian Perspective on the Precautionary Approach/Principle, Proposed Guiding Principles. September 2001. Ottawa, Ontario.

Government of Canada. 2003. Species at Risk Act. Ottawa, Ontario.

Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT). 1988, c. S-4. Consolidation of Scientists Act. Available at: http://pooka.nunanet.com/~ncjlib/consol-stat/Type177.pdf.

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EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT REFERENCES VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY

Imperial Oil Resources Ventures, a subsidiary of Imperial Oil Limited; Aboriginal Pipeline Group; ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited; ExxonMobil Canada Properties; Shell Canada Limited. 2003. Mackenzie Gas Project Preliminary Information Package. Volume 1: Project Description.

Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board (MVEIRB). 2002. Issues and Recommendations for Social and Economic Impact Assessment in the Mackenzie Valley.

National Energy Board (NEB). 1998. Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act. Ottawa, Ontario.

Northern Pipeline Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Chairs’ Committee (Chairs’ Committee). 2002a. Cooperation Plan for the Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Review of a Northern Gas Pipeline Project through the Northwest Territories.

Northern Pipeline Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulatory Chairs’ Committee (Chairs’ Committee). 2002b. Consolidated Information Requirements for the Environmental Assessment and Regulatory Review of a Northern Gas Pipeline Project through the Northwest Territories.

United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future.

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EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

% The symbol for percent. abandonment and The act of permanently stopping operations, removing facilities and reclamation restoring land to a productive state. abiotic Nonliving components, physical or chemical, of the environment, such as temperature, light and nutrients.

Aboriginal Any Indian, Inuit or Métis person who was born in the Northwest Territories or who is descended from an Aboriginal person born in the Northwest Territories. adverse effect The impairment of, or damage to, the environment or health of humans, or damage to property, or loss of reasonable enjoyment of life or property. aeolian Materials eroded, transported or deposited by wind action, usually including poorly graded, well-sorted medium to fine sand and coarse silt that is sorted and noncompacted. alluvial Pertaining to, or consisting of, alluvium, or material deposited by flowing water. anchor fields The three natural-gas fields, Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake, whose production will provide the initial volume of gas shipped in the project pipelines. anthropogenic Materials made or modified by humans.

APG The abbreviation for Aboriginal Pipeline Group. aquatic Growing in, living in, or frequenting water. Also, occurring, or situated in, or on, water.

ARI The abbreviation for Aurora Research Institute.

ASTIS The abbreviation for Arctic Science and Technology Information System.

A-weighting Adjusting sound levels measured to account for the frequency content of the measured sound based on a frequency response similar to that heard by the human ear.

August 2004 Page G-1 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT GLOSSARY VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY baseflow A portion of the stream discharge that is derived from natural storage, i.e., outflow from groundwater, large lakes or wetlands, or sources other than rainfall that create surface runoff. baseline A surveyed condition that serves as a reference point to which later surveys or assessments are coordinated or correlated.

BDR The abbreviation for Beaufort Delta Region. bedrock Solid rock that underlies soil or any other unconsolidated surficial cover. biophysical Referring to the air, noise, aquatic (groundwater, hydrology, water quality and fisheries) and terrestrial (soils, landforms, permafrost, vegetation and wildlife) conditions in the project area. bog Waterlogged, spongy ground consisting primarily of mosses that can decay and develop into peat. borrow site An area that could be excavated to provide material, such as gravel or sand, to be used, where required, by the project.

BTEX The abbreviation for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. clay A soil particle less than 2 µm in diameter. climate The prevailing weather conditions of an area. Climate is a measure of the long-term averages, i.e., normals, of key atmospheric variables, such as temperature, precipitation and wind. climate change The change in long-term climate normals.

COGOA The abbreviation for Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act. colluvium Loose, heterogeneous and incoherent deposit of soil material or rock fragments usually deposited by mass-wasting. compliance monitoring Monitoring to ensure that:

• the environmental mitigation outlined in the environmental protection and reclamation plans is implemented • work proceeds in compliance with regulations and the proponents’ environmental policies compressor station A facility containing equipment that is used to increase pressure to compress natural gas for transportation in a pipeline.

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Construction Phase The phase of a project preceding the Operations Phase, during which project facilities and infrastructure are assembled and installed, and connected and tested to ensure that they operate as designed. consultants group The group of companies retained by the project proponents to conduct the biophysical and socio-economic impact assessments and mitigation planning. The group includes AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC), IMG Golder Corporation, KAVIK-AXYS Inc. and TERA Environmental Consultants. Also known as environmental consultants group. critical habitat The habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of a listed wildlife species and that is identified as the species’ critical habitat in the recovery strategy or in an action plan for the species, according to the Species at Risk Act.

Cryosols Soils formed in either mineral or organic materials, with permafrost within 1 m of the surface, or within 2 m if the active layer of the soil profile has been strongly cryoturbated. They can be associated with wetlands, tundra or taiga forest conditions cumulative effects Changes to the environment caused by an action, including projects and activities, in combination with other past, present and future human actions. dB The symbol for decibel. dBA The symbol for A-weighted decibel.

DCR The abbreviation for Deh Cho Region. delta An area of alluvial deposits, usually triangular in shape, at the mouth of a river or stream. decommissioning The act of taking a processing plant or facility out of service and isolating equipment, to prepare for routine maintenance work, suspending or abandoning. discharge The rate of flow at a given moment, expressed as volume per unit of time.

DTFN The abbreviation for Dene Tha’ First Nation.

August 2004 Page G-3 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT GLOSSARY VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY ecological zone A regional ecological area used on the Mackenzie Gas Project to describe regional vegetation differences based on changes in climate, physiography, terrain, soil and permafrost with increasing latitude along the Mackenzie Valley. Also known as ecozone. ecozone A regional ecological area used on the Mackenzie Gas Project to describe regional vegetation differences based on changes in climate, physiography, terrain, soil and permafrost with increasing latitude along the Mackenzie Valley. Also known as ecological zone. effects monitoring Monitoring conducted to:

• confirm the accuracy of predicted effects • determine the effectiveness of mitigation and enhancement measures

EIA The abbreviation for environmental impact assessment.

EIS The abbreviation for Environmental Impact Statement. environment The components of the earth, including:

• land, water and air, including all layers of the atmosphere • all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms • the interacting natural systems that include all components referred to in the previous bullets environmental consultants The group of companies retained by the project proponents to group conduct the biophysical and socio-economic impact assessments and mitigation planning. The group includes AMEC Earth and Environmental Limited (AMEC), IMG Golder Corporation, KAVIK-AXYS Inc. and TERA Environmental Consultants. Also known as consultants group.

Page G-4 August 2004 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY GLOSSARY environmental effect For a project, any change that the project might cause in the biophysical environment. Also, any effect of any project-induced change on:

• health and socio-economic conditions

• physical and cultural heritage

• the current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Aboriginal people

• any structure, site or thing that is of historical, archaeological, paleontological or architectural significance Also, any change to the project that might be caused by the environment. environmental impact The process of evaluating the biophysical, social and economic assessment effects of a proposed project. environmental impact A report containing the environmental impact assessment. statement environmentally sensitive An area designated in regional or local land use plans, or by a local, area regional, provincial or federal government body as being sensitive to disturbance, or identified by an applicant as being sensitive for some reason. ephemeral drainage Drainage that only occurs for a short time, usually after periods of rainfall or snowmelt, and that discontinues during dry seasons. ericaceous shrub A low, woody shrub in, or related to, the plant family Ericaceae, i.e., heather family esker A winding ridge of irregularly stratified sand, gravel and cobbles, deposited under a glacier by a rapidly flowing glacial stream. facilities Structures of the gathering and gas pipeline systems, including compressor and pump stations, block valves, pigging facilities, heater stations and meter stations. fen Low land, such as peat land, that is wholly or partly covered by water, especially in the upper regions of old estuaries and around lakes. These areas do not drain naturally.

FFG The abbreviation for formula financing grant.

August 2004 Page G-5 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT GLOSSARY VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY frost bulb A frozen zone, typically formed around a chilled pipe, in otherwise unfrozen ground. frost heave The raising of a surface caused by ice in the underlying soil. This movement results from alternate thawing and freezing. Frost heaving generates stress on vertical support members of pipelines in the Arctic and, as a result, also on the pipeline. gas conditioning facility A facility located at each anchor field that collects raw gas from the wells, and dehydrates and conditions the product for transport through the gathering system. gas pipeline The proposed gas pipeline that would extend from the Inuvik area facility, parallel to the NGL pipeline along the Mackenzie River to Norman Wells, and continue south to connect to an extension of the existing Alberta system south of the Northwest Territories–Alberta boundary. Also known as the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. gathering pipelines Four pipelines, also known as laterals, that transport natural gas and NGLs from the anchor fields to the Inuvik area facility. These include the Niglintgak lateral, Taglu lateral, Parsons Lake lateral and Storm Hills lateral. gathering system A system of pipelines and associated facilities that include four gathering pipelines, the Inuvik area facility, the NGL pipeline and related facilities, such as valves, pig launchers and receivers. geographic extent The quantitative measurement of the area within which an effect occurs. glaciofluvial Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited by streams flowing from the melting ice glaciolacustrine Pertaining to lakes fed by melting glaciers, or to the deposits forming in the lakes groundwater Subsurface water that is recharged by infiltration and enters streams through seepage and springs.

GHG The abbreviation for greenhouse gas.

GIS The abbreviation for geographic information system. groundwater Subsurface water that is recharged by infiltration and enters streams through seepage and springs.

Page G-6 August 2004 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY GLOSSARY

GSA The abbreviation for Gwich’in Settlement Area.

GSCI The abbreviation for Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute.

GTC The abbreviation for Gwich’in Tribal Council.

GNWT The abbreviation for the Government of the Northwest Territories. habitat The place or environment where a plant or animal naturally and normally lives and grows. heritage resources Cultural, historic, archaeological and paleontological resources, including pre-contact and post-contact features.

HRIA The abbreviation for heritage resource impact assessment.

HTC The abbreviation for hunters’ and trappers’ committee. human health A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and the ability to adapt to the stresses of daily life. hummock A rounded or conical mound or hillock, usually of equal dimensions and not ridge-like. hydrology The science dealing with the waters of the earth, including their properties, circulation, distribution and reaction with the environment.

ICCs The abbreviation for industrial and commercial centres.

ICRC The abbreviation for Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre.

IFA The abbreviation for Inuvialuit Final Agreement. infrastructure Basic facilities, such as transportation, communications, power supplies and buildings, which enable an organization, project or community to function.

Inuvik area facility The gas processing facility to be located near Inuvik where gas and liquids will be processed and separated, then delivered to the gas and NGL pipelines.

ISR The abbreviation for Inuvialuit Settlement Region. key indicator A factor used to measure the status of a valued component.

KI The abbreviation for key indicator. August 2004 Page G-7 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT GLOSSARY VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY km The metric symbol for kilometre. lateral A gathering pipeline that connects the production area facilities to the Inuvik area facility. limestone A sedimentary rock composed chiefly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), principally in the form of calcite.

LSA The abbreviation for local study area.

Mackenzie Gas Project A project that will develop three onshore natural gas anchor fields in the Mackenzie Delta and transport natural gas by pipeline to market in northwestern Alberta by 2009. The project comprises the anchor fields, wells, gathering pipelines and associated facilities, work camps, material stockpiling and shipping sites, roads, borrow sites, and other associated infrastructure.

Mackenzie Valley pipeline The proposed gas pipeline that would extend from the Inuvik area facility, parallel to the NGL pipeline along the Mackenzie River to Norman Wells, and continue south to connect to an extension of the existing Alberta system south of the Northwest Territories–Alberta boundary. Also known as the gas pipeline. migratory bird Any migratory bird as referred to in the Migratory Birds Convention Act, including the sperm, eggs, embryos, tissue cultures and parts of the bird. mitigation The elimination, reduction, or control of a project’s adverse effects, including restitution for any damage to the environment caused by such effects through avoidance, replacement, restoration, compensation or other means. monitoring Periodic inspection to meet the following objectives:

• observe and report on compliance with approval conditions • confirm effectiveness of approved protection measures • verify the accuracy of impact predictions • identify any effects not predicted in the impact assessment moraine An accumulation of glacial drift deposited by a glacier. It is well compacted to noncompacted material that is nonstratified and contains a heterogeneous mixture of particle sizes, often in a matrix of sand, silt and clay.

MSA The abbreviation for master service agreement.

Page G-8 August 2004 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY GLOSSARY natural gas A compressible mixture of hydrocarbons with a low specific gravity that occurs naturally in a gaseous form. natural gas liquids Hydrocarbons that are gaseous in the reservoir, but that will separate out in liquid form at the pressures and temperatures at which separators normally operate. The liquids consist of varying proportions of butane, propane, pentane and heavier fractions, with little or no methane or ethane.

NEB The abbreviation for the National Energy Board.

NGL The abbreviation for natural gas liquid.

NGL pipeline The pipeline connecting the Inuvik area facility with the Enbridge Pipeline facilities at Norman Wells.

NGTL The abbreviation for NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd.

Niglintgak field The anchor field to be developed by Shell Canada Limited, which includes three well pads, one gas conditioning facility, flow lines and supporting infrastructure. The gas conditioning facility might be barge-based or land-based.

Niglintgak lateral The gathering pipeline connecting the Niglintgak gas conditioning facility to a connection point on the Taglu lateral at the outlet of the Taglu gas conditioning facility.

NGO The abbreviation for nongovernment organization.

NO2 The chemical symbol for nitrogen dioxide.

NTS The abbreviation for national topographic system.

Operations Phase The phase of a project during which the pipeline and associated facilities are operated. organic matter The fraction of a soil that contains plant and animal residues in various stages of decomposition

PAI The abbreviation for potential acid input.

Parsons Lake field The anchor field to be developed by ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited and ExxonMobil Canada Properties. Initially, the field will consist of the north pad, which will have one pad for the well sites and gas conditioning facility. A second well pad will be developed five to 10 years after the north pad.

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Parsons Lake lateral The gathering pipeline connecting the Parsons Lake gas conditioning facility to a connection point at the Storm Hills pigging facility. permafrost Perennially frozen ground, occurring wherever the ground temperature remains below 0°C for two or more consecutive years. plant community A distinct grouping of plant species often associated with a particular set of environment conditions, such as terrain, soil, permafrost and water. Also known as vegetation community. pig An in-line scraper, i.e., brush, blade cutter or swab, that is forced through a pipeline by fluid pressure. The pig is used to remove scale, sand, water and other foreign matter from the interior surfaces of the pipe. In hydrostatic testing, the pig is used inside the line to push air ahead of the test water and to push water out after the test. pig launcher A facility on a pipeline for inserting and launching a pig. pig receiver A piping arrangement whereby an incoming pig can be diverted into a receiving cylinder, isolated and then removed. pipeline corridor The 1-km-wide area that centres on the combined right-of-way for the gas and NGL pipelines, from the Inuvik area facility south to the NGTL interconnect facility in Alberta, defined for the purpose of the EIS biophysical baseline and effects assessment studies.

PM2.5 Respirable particulate matter with a nominal diameter smaller than 2.5 µm. potential acid input The sum of the wet and dry deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds that have the potential to contribute to acidification of the receiving environment.

PPA The abbreviation for project permit application. production area The area that encompasses all project components located north of the Inuvik area facility, including Niglintgak, Taglu and Parsons Lake fields, the gathering pipelines and associated facilities, infrastructure, and the 1-km-wide buffer area surrounding each of these project components.

Page G-10 August 2004 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY GLOSSARY project proponents The five organizations (Imperial Oil Resources Ventures Limited, the APG, ConocoPhillips Canada (North) Limited, Shell Canada Limited and ExxonMobil Canada Properties) that are undertaking the Mackenzie Gas Project. project-specific effect An effect caused by the project. Such effects are sometimes referred to as direct effects as they only include the project’s contribution to the effect (as opposed to cumulative effects, in which case other projects would contribute to the effect). project, the The abbreviation for the Mackenzie Gas Project. reclamation The process of re-establishing a disturbed site to a former or other productive use, not necessarily to the same condition that existed before disturbance. The land capability might be at a level different, i.e., lower or higher, than that which existed prior to the disturbance, depending on the goal of the process. Reclamation includes the management of a contaminated site and revegetation where necessary.

Regosol soils Azonal soils from deep unconsolidated deposits that have no definite genetic horizon. They do not exhibit weathering or horizon formation typical of other soils, and are associated with active landforms, such as floodplains, colluvial slopes, beaches, thaw slumps and debris flows. residual effects Environmental or socio-economic effects that remain after mitigation. Effects that are present after mitigation has been applied. right-of-way The pipeline easement in which the pipeline will be installed and operated. The pipeline right-of-way width for the project will vary from 30 to 50 m, depending on pipe size and the number of pipes to be installed in the trench. riparian Situated or dwelling on the margin of a river or other waterbody. rotational work Work and accommodation away from home for a designated period.

RSA The abbreviation for regional study area. sedimentary rock Rock formed by the deposition and lithification of material derived from existing rocks.

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SEIA The abbreviation for socio-economic environmental impact assessment.

Shale A fine-grained laminated or fissile sedimentary rock made up of silt or clay-sized particles. It usually comprises about one-third quartz, one-third clay materials and one-third minerals, such as carbonates, iron oxides, feldspars and organic matter. silt Fine soil particles between 0.002 and 0.05 mm in diameter, carried by flowing water and deposited as sediment on the bottom or shore of a lake or stream. sinkhole A closed surface depression in regions of karst topography produced by the subsurface limestone geology or the collapse of cavern roofs.

SO2 The chemical symbol for sulphur dioxide. socio-economic effect For a project, any effect on a social or economic element, including direct effects as well as effects resulting from a change in the environment. species at risk An extirpated, endangered or threatened species or a species of special concern, as defined in the Species at Risk Act. species of special status Species listed under provincial jurisdiction or of recognized local importance because they are vulnerable, threatened, endangered or extirpated.

SSA The abbreviation for Sahtu Settlement Area.

STI The abbreviation for sexually transmitted infections.

Storm Hills lateral The gathering pipeline connecting the Storm Hills pigging facility to a connection point at the inlet of the Inuvik area facility. study area The area within the spatial boundaries of the scope of the biophysical environmental and socio-economic effects assessment.

Taglu field The anchor field to be developed by Imperial Oil Resources Limited, consisting of one site that will include the well pads, gas conditioning facility, flow lines and supporting infrastructure.

Taglu lateral The gathering pipeline connecting the Taglu gas conditioning facility to a connection point at the Storm Hills pigging facility.

Page G-12 August 2004 EIS FOR MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT VOLUME 1: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT SUMMARY GLOSSARY thermokarst The melting of permafrost by heat transfer from waterbodies, either streams or lakes.

TK The abbreviation for traditional knowledge. traditional knowledge Cultural knowledge that is based on direct observation or information passed on orally from other community members, developed from centuries of experience of living off the land. valued component Characteristic or feature that represents important environmental or socio-economic conditions identified by assessment specialists, communities or stakeholders. vegetation community A distinct grouping of plant species often associated with a particular set of environmental conditions such as terrain, soil, permafrost and water. Also known as plant community. vegetation type A vegetation community or complex of communities that can be identified on air photos and is large enough to map. Vegetation types are clearly defined and named.

VC The abbreviation for valued component. waterbody A body of water up to the high-water mark, including canals, reservoirs, oceans and wetlands, but not including sewage or waste treatment lagoons. water crossing A location where a pipeline or access road crosses a stream, river or lake. watershed A region or area draining into a particular stream or river. weather The state of the atmosphere at a place and time considering temperature, cloud cover, humidity, wind and precipitation. wetlands A broad group of wet habitats where the water table is usually at or near the surface, or the land is covered by shallow water.

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