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r J TRANSACTIONS OF TIIK HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE. VOLUME XII. SESSION 1859-60. LIVERPOOL: ADAH HOLDEN, 48. CHURCH STREET. 1800. IL.VLBPOOL i-puauc- i L1DRARY. I.IVUUIIOL : T. CUUILL, ruwm, coon cnutrr. This Volume has been edited by the Assistant Secretary, under the direction of the Council. The writers of Papers, however, are alone responsible for the facts and opinions contained in their respective communications. DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. I'lJlTI I'AOR. I. ........ .............. ....... ............................. 1 II. ............................... ............................. 102 III. ........ ...................... ............................. 104 IV. ......... .................... ............................. 136 V. ............................... ............................. 139 VI. ................................................... ......... 140 VII. ............................... 100 VIII ............................... ............................. 200 EXPLANATORY MOTE. The Wood-cuts forming the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plates were engraved at the expense of Mr. Marsh, the Author of the Paper they illustrate. They were printed at the cost of the Society, who also wholly defrayed the expense of all the other Plates. <^ Subjects of Papers to be read before the Society during the Thirteenth Station, will be advertised in the Mercury on the Tuesday, and in the Daily Post on the Wednesday, preceding each Meeting ; and in the Daily Times on each day of Meeting. T COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR 1859-60- LtenL-Oeneral The Hon. Sir EDWARD CUST, K.C.H., D.C.L., F.B.8., Leuowe CuUe. Ex Owens. ELECTED. The MATOE or LIVERPOOL. WM. BBOWN, E«q. The HIGH SHERIFF or LAXCAIHIIE. The Rev. J. S. HOWSON, M.A. The Hiou SHERIFF or CHESHIRE. JOSEPH MATER, F.S.A.,4cc. Stctional itttmbtrg of ffiountfl. ARCH/tOLOCY. LITERATURE. SCIENCE. T. DAWSOS, Esq. F. W. BLOXAK, Esq. G. M. BROWKE, Esq. J. A. FO&KKST, Esq. H. A. BRIGHT, B.A. T. DUXCAN, C.E. H. OEIURD, Esq. WILLIAM BCRKE, Esq. J. HARTNDP, F.R.A.S. JOHN O. JACOB, Esq. Rev.T. MOOB.E.M.A. BET. H. B. HIOOIN., M.A. PETEB B. McQoiE, Esq. Her. A. RAHSAT, MA. T. BANSOM, A.L.8, F.B.S.E. JOHN BOBION, M J). JAMES STEAIXS, Esq. J. T. TowtoM, FJt.O.8. librarian. DATID BCZTOK, F.B.8.L., 52, Oxford Street, LlTerpool. Curator. A. CKAIO OIBSOM, Esq., Lower Beblngton, Birkenhead. Srtasnrtr. THOMAJ ATIIOK, F.8.A., 18, Cook Street, LWerpool. 1$on. Sfcrttarp. ReT. A. HOME, D.C.L., LLJ)., F.B.A., 34, Clarence Street, Ererton. Stcrtiarp. J. H. OEXK, Esq., 9, Sngnall Street, LlTerpool. * In Accordance with Law XX, the Council added the three elected Tlce-Preddento, the Librarian and Curator, to all the Sectional Committee* CONTENTS. [Papers marked thus * are Illustrated.] rial. * Remarks on the Census of Religious Worship for England and Wales. By the Rev. A. Humo, D.C.L., &c........................................... 1 On the Population of Lancashire and Cheshire, and its Local Distri bution during the Fifty Years 1801-61. By J. T. Danson and T. A. Weltou, Esqra. (Part IV.) .......................................... 85 On a Systematically Arranged Border for Plants. By the Rev. Henry H. Higgins, M.A................................................................ 75 Explanatory Note to the Paper entitled El Sakhra, published in Vol. X. By the Author, Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. Sir E. Oust ..................... 84 On the Popular Customs and Superstitions of Lancashire. By T. T. Wilkinson, F.R.A.S ............................................................ 85 * The Chimeras; an attempt to shew that the Compound Animals of the Assyrian Marbles are Representations of those erected by Solomon and Jeroboam. By Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. Sir E. Cust, D.C.L., President ........................................................................ 90 On the importance of Public Museums for Historical Collections. By C. Roach Smith, Hon. Mem. ................................................ 117 On the Flora of Preston and the Neighbourhood. Part II. By Mr. C. J. AshQeld .................................................................. 127 * On the Engraved Portraits and Pretended Portraits of Milton. By John F. Marsh, Esq. ......................................................... 135 * Tumuli at Winwick. By John Robsou, M.D................................. 189 On Poisons. By F. Crace Calvert, Ph.D., F.R.S. ........................... 193 * Notes on Clny Pipes: their Uses and Forms, Makers and Dates. By Mr. H. Ecroyd Smith ......................................................... 202 List of Members ..................................................................... vii Proceedings, Twelfth Session ...................................................... 217 Report presented at Annual Meeting............................................. ib. Treasurer's Balance Sheet ......................................................... 218 Appendix: Special General Meetings : at Mr. Mayer's Museum .................. 234 Excursion to Shrewsburj audWroxeter ib. LIST OF MEMBERS. SESSION XII, 1859 60. The first List was dated 23rd November, 1848 ; all whose names appeared in it, are therefore Original Members. Those who have been enrolled as Mayors or Sheriffs have their year of office attached. The letter P denotes that the Members in connexion with whose names it oocnrs, have read Papers before the Society. Those whose names are printed in SM APITALS are Members of the Council; and in italics are Life Members. Those marked thus * ore Resident. The post town Liverpool is usually omitted. 23rd Nov., 1 848. Ainslie, Montague, Grizedale, Hawkshead, Winder-mere. 1st Dec., 1859. Ainslie, P. B., F.S.S A., Guildford. 6th Dec,, 1855. Allcard, William, 43, Upper Brook street, Grosvenor square, London. 17th Dec., 1857. *Anderson, Thomas Darnley, 5, India buildings, Water street, aud West Dingle, Dingle lane. 3rd May, 1849. *Anderson, Thomas Francis, Holly lodge, Fairfield, and 3, Cable street. 4th Dec., 1856. Ausdell, John, St. Helens. 23rd Nov., 1848. Ansdell, Richard, 7, Victoria road, Kensington, London. 15th Sept., 1854. Arrowsmith, P. 11., The Ferns, Bolton. 2nd. Dec., 1858. Artingstall, George, Warrington. p. llth May, 1804. Aspknd, Rev. R. Brook, M.A., Frampton villas, South Hackney, London. 14th Dec.; 1848. *Astley, John, Philadelphia chambers, Hackin's hey, and Rock Ferry, Biikenhead. p. 9th Oct., 1854. Athcrton, Henry, Button, Prescot, H. Sh.Cheshire,1857. Atkinson, William, Ashton heyes, Chester. 23rd Nov., 1848. *AVISON, THOMAS, F.S.A., TREASURER, 18, Cook street, and Fulwood park, Aigburth. B 8th June, 1854. *Banning, John Johnson, 20, Castle street. 12th Jan., 1800. *Bath, William H. P., 140, Crown street. Mayor Man., 185 1-53. Barnes, Robert, Brooksiclo, Manchester. p. Cth Dec., 1849. Beamont, William, Warringtou. 21st May, 1857. *Bean, Edwin, Revenue buildings. 30th Dec , 1854. *Bean, William. 15th April, 1858. *Bell, Christopher, Back Goree. Vlll MEMBERS. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Bell, Henry, Orange court, and Grosvenor road, Claughton, Birkenhcad. 6th April, 1854. Bell, John Gray, 11, Oxford street, Manchester. 15th Nov., 1854. H'Belshaw, John, Wason buildings, 4, Harrington street. P. !)th Dec., 1852. Benn, EdwarJ, Ballymena, Ireland. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Bennett, William, Sir Thomas's Buildings, and 109, Shaw street. 3rd Dec., 1857. *Berry, Percival, 7, Union Court. 15th April, 1858. *Berry, J. R. 7th March, 1850. Birch, Sir Thomas Bernard, Bart., The Hazles, Prescot. 23rd Nov., 1848. Birchall, Thomas, llibbleton hall, Preston. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Bird, William, 9, South Castle street, and Wood hey, Spittal. 4th March, 1852. Birley, Uev. John Shepherd, Halliwell hall, Preston. p. 8th Jan., 1852. Birley, T. Langton, Carr hill, Kirkham. 10th April, 1800. *Birme, D. E., 53, Upper Warwick street. Cth Dec., 1855. Black, J., M.D., F.G.S., 2, George's square, Edinburgh. 23rd Nov., 1848. Blackburne, John Ireland, The Hall, Hale. SOth Sop., 1854. t-Blacktnore, William, 10, Water street, and Hooton, Cheshire. 20th Sept., 1854. BLOXAM, FREDERICK WILLIAM, F 3, Liverpool & London Chambers. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Blundell. Thomas Weld, Ince Blundell, Great Crosby. p. SOth Dec., 1854. Bbbck, Frederick Robert Paul, 80, Newumn street, Oxford street, London. 5th May, 1853. Booth, Benjamin Witham, Swinton, Manchester. 1st May, 1856. Booth, John Billington, Preston, and Foxholes, near Lancaster. 16th Dec., 1853. Bossi, Arthur, Paris. 81st Sept., 1854. Bostock, Rev. H., M.A., Grammar School, Warrington. 3rd Jan., 185(1. *Bouch, Thomas, 1, Oldhall street, and New Brighton. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Boult, Francis, Richmond buildings, and Devonshire road, Ohuightou. p. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Boult, Joseph, North John street, and Parkfield road, Aigburth road. 8th Dec., 1851. Bourne, Cornelius, Stalmine hall, Preston. 16th April, 1H58, *Bowers, Anthony, Vauxha.ll foundry. 6th Dec., 1855. Bowes, John, Blue Coat School, Warrington. 18th Nov., 1851. Brackstone, 11. H., Lyncombe hill. Bath. 15th Dec., 18-")3. Briulbury, Charles, Salford crescent, Manchester. 17th Dec., 1857. *Bradley, Thomas, 52, Bold street, and 18, Kenyon terrace, Bivkenhead. 17th Dec., 1857. *Bradley, William Gibson, 52, Bold street, and 18, Kenyon terrace, Birkenhead. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Brakell, Thomas, 7, Cook street, and 23, Richmond terrace, Everton. Mayor Lav., 1848 9. *Bramley-Moore, John, Hon. Mem. Archicol. Association, Carioca Lodge, Aigburth, and Orange court, Castle street. SOth Dec., 1854. Brent, Francis, Custom house, Plymouth. 9th March, 1854. *BIUGHT, HENUY ARTHUR, M.A., Sandheys, West