DOCSLIB.ORG

This Articles Was Published in Modern China Studies. Vol. 26, 2019 A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Articles Was Published in Modern China Studies. Vol. 26, 2019 A This articles was published in Modern China Studies. Vol. 26, 2019 A Study on the Changing Trend of Health Indicators of the Elderly in Mainland China: 1998-2014 LU Jiehua, GUO Ran (Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China) Abstract: Along with the extending average life expectancy and the declining fertility rate, mainland China has experienced the much rapider process of population aging for the last two decades. Therefore, this paper uses Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data to measure and estimate the changing process of health indicators of the elderly in mainland China. By exploring seven wave data including some principal indicators about the elderly health, such as Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Self-Rated-Health (SRH), Mental Health (Mental), Cognitive Level (MMSE) and Frailty Index (FI), we can highlight the dynamic change of major health indicators of Chinese elderly between 1998-2014. Firstly, findings turn out that average health indicators in earlier years have no significant difference between the later ones. Further analysis about health indicators showed that age and cohort are two main interference factors to estimate the changing trend of health status of the elderly because of selectivity. After controlling these two factors, we can figure out a deterioration in health index when the elderly grow older. In addition, the health levels of people in same cohort decreased with age. Objective and comprehensive indicators in younger cohorts deteriorated slower than older elderly cohort. However, this trend turns to opposite when comes to subjective health 1 indicators. Key Words: Aging, Health Indicators, Trend, CLHLS About the authors: Jiehua Lu is a professor at sociology department, Peking University. His major research field is geriatric demography and economic demography. In recent years, he has focused on the health and pension of the elderly in the aging process of the mainland China. Ran Guo is a PhD candidate in sociology department, Peking University. His major research interest is economics of population and sociology of education. 1. Backgrounds Along with the extending average life expectancy and the declining fertility rate, 吗 mainland China has witnessed the much rapider process of population aging in 21st century. Nowadays, China is aging much faster than other low- and middle-income countries.(WHO, 2015) Both the quantity and proportion in total population are increasing rapidly. Data bulletin of the 1% national population sampling survey in 2015 illustrated that the number of people over the age of 60 reached 222 million, accounting for more than 16% of total population, while the number of people aged over 65 reached 144 million, accounting for more than 10%. Figure 1 shows vividly that the quantity and proportion in total population of people aged over 65 have been growing rapidly. At the same time, the elderly dependency ratio is also increasing at a high speed.(Lu and Guo, 2016) Figure 1. The size and proportion of elderly people aged over 65 and the elderly dependency ratio in China 2 The amount of elderly people in mainland China is not only increasing rapidly, but also getting older and older. In 2010, the average life expectancy in mainland China reached 74.83. But the number substantially improved 1.5 and then became 76.34 in 2015. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2016)The fifth census data showed that in 2000 the total population of people aged 80 and above was only 7,745 thousand, accounting for 15.99% of the total elderly population (aged 65 and over). Ten years later, the total population of the 80 year old reached 20,990 thousand in national sixth census, accounting for 17.65% of the total elderly population. It is estimated that by the middle of twenty-first Century, the amount of the elderly population in China will reach 100 million, equivalent to the number of elderly people summarized in all developed countries.(The Drafting Group of General Report, 2015) 3 In order to cope with the aging of the population, WHO called for an active response to the aging population and put forward the goal of "healthy aging". There are three key components in WHO’s framework: intrinsic capacity, functional ability, and subjective well-being. (Beard et al, 2016; WHO, 2016) These three parts defined the analysis path of healthy aging for the health of the elderly from three levels: the internal, external and subjective dimension. As for the Chinese mainland which is rapidly moving towards an aging society, the health of the elderly has become a major issue that needs urgent attention. Ageing is not only multidimensional but also a cumulative effect of the life course. (Evenhuis et al, 2001) The body function of elderly people is gradually deteriorated and decreased, which not only greatly weakened their intrinsic capacity as long as brought pain and torment to the elderly, but also place a huge burden to the social welfare and public health system for whole country. Furthermore, it will have a negative effect on the implementation of national long-term economic and social development strategic objectives. Therefore, the attention and discussion of healthy aging also need to go back to the situation of time and space. In order to get better understanding of this progress, we use longitudinal data to observe the long-term health change. From the perspective of “Age-Period-Cohort”, we analyze the changing trend of health indicators of Chinese elderly in the past twenty years in accordance with different indicators. There are two advantages to doing so. Firstly, we can accurately grasp the dynamic health trends and differences of the Chinese elderly from different dimensions. Secondly, it is possible to find the time nodes of health changes of the Chinese elderly, which will 4 help to take targeted measures to cope with the aging process. In a word, attention to the dynamic changes of aged health in mainland Chinese is not only the need of scientific research, but also the significance of responding to the appeal of WHO for healthy aging. Also, it is an important premise to realize the goal of healthy China. 2. Literature review According to the definition of World Health Organization, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.(WHO, 1946) Therefore, health is a multidimensional concept of interaction between mind and body. In order to cope with the global trend of population aging and health issues of the elderly, the definition of "healthy aging" recently released by WHO includes three parts: intrinsic capacity, functional ability, and subjective well-being. WHO believes that healthy aging is the process by which older people develop and maintain functional abilities and enhance their subjective well-being. (Beard et al, 2016) Elderly health not only includes psychological and physiological indexes, but also includes social participation indicators. (Xie and Zhou, 2016) Therefore, the accurate estimation of the health level, the changing trend of health and health burden of elderly people depends on the accurate definitions, measurements and predictions of the major health indicators for the elderly.(Li and Zhang, 2014) In the practical study, we usually choose one to several representative indicators, and combine them with relevant social and economic factors to study the elderly health.(Zeng, 2010; Zeng et al, 2014) The first step in this study is to define the dimensions and extensions of health indicators of the elderly. Secondly, we need 5 to identify the dimensions and types of indicators so as to make them much more clear and accurate. Previous studies are usually based on two perspectives to investigate health indicators of the elderly: static and dynamic dimensions. From the static perspective, health indicators is usually divided into several categories, including objective indicators, subjective indicators, as well as comprehensive ones. For example, objective indicators usually include ADL, IDAL, mental health and cognitive ability, while self-rated health is usually included in the subjective indicators. What’s more, the integration of subjective and objective indicators turns out to be frailty index. From the dynamic perspective, health indicators, selected as the same way above, focus mainly on the changing trend of these health indicators in a certain period of time by using the individual panel data. Tracking studies are distinguished from cross-sectional studies. This method is usually based on long-term data and holds a dynamic perspective, through which the data used here are usually panel data. The type of data that can be tracked over a long period of time to a particular subject is explored to investigate the time-series changes in health indicators at different times and between cohorts. (Xue, 2015; Zeng et al, 2014) However, the distinction between the two perspectives is only from the aspect of tracking data, there is no significant difference in the selection of health indicators. The advantage that uses the perspective of dynamic changes in health is not only can overcome the malpractice of cross-sectional data, such as containing censored data, sample coverage error and causal inference problems, but also can more fully explore 6 the causal mechanism in health studies. With the collection and disclosure of all kinds of tracking data, studies of long-term trends based on this kind of data are gradually increasing, among which CLHLS data are very good representative.(Du and Wang, 2013; Li and Zhang, 2014) In CLHLS questionnaire, ADL generally consists of 6 indicators of eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, continence, indoor transfer. According to the previous literature, general active ability will be valued 0 and 1 respectively based on whether the completion of action depend on the others.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
    it Lu Wen Wi Lu Wen was Liu Zongyuan’s cousin, one year older than his kinsman. Like Liu, his junwang - the place where his family was well known - was also the frontier district of Yongji County, in Shanxi, but also like Liu, Lu Wen never actually lived in that area. Bom in 771, he was educated in the Luoyang suburbs. Taking the provincial examination there, in 794, he scored at the top of the class. It would, however, be four years before he went to Chang’an to take the highest level imperial exam, because his father was in charge of the tests during that time, raising understandable concerns of “conflict of interest.” Indeed, Lii Wen and his three younger brothers were named after the four important Confucian virtues: Wen means “warm” and “mild”; his brother Gong’s name ^ means “respectful”; Jian ^ means “thrifty”; while Rang ih means “willing to yield to others what is rightly theirs.” Ezra Pound would have made a good case with the idea of “virtuous mlers,” for the four brothers of the Lii family all became government officials and some at quite high ranks. Lii Wen himself was moderately successful as an official and was promoted by Prime Minister Wang Shuwen, the same powerful man who supported Lii’s cousin Liu Zongyuan. In 804, Lu Wen was appointed an emissary to Tibet, where he served for more than a year. When he returned to China, however, Wang Shuwen was out of power. In 808, Lii Wen was demoted and banished to the “barbarian south,” in Daozhou, Hunan Province, even farther south than his cousin 171 Liu Zongyuan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideophones in Middle Chinese
    KU LEUVEN FACULTY OF ARTS BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BOX 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË ! Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas'Van'Hoey' ' Presented(in(fulfilment(of(the(requirements(for(the(degree(of(( Master(of(Arts(in(Linguistics( ( Supervisor:(prof.(dr.(Jean=Christophe(Verstraete((promotor)( ( ( Academic(year(2014=2015 149(431(characters Abstract (English) Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas Van Hoey This M.A. thesis investigates ideophones in Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) Middle Chinese (Sinitic, Sino- Tibetan) from a typological perspective. Ideophones are defined as a set of words that are phonologically and morphologically marked and depict some form of sensory image (Dingemanse 2011b). Middle Chinese has a large body of ideophones, whose domains range from the depiction of sound, movement, visual and other external senses to the depiction of internal senses (cf. Dingemanse 2012a). There is some work on modern variants of Sinitic languages (cf. Mok 2001; Bodomo 2006; de Sousa 2008; de Sousa 2011; Meng 2012; Wu 2014), but so far, there is no encompassing study of ideophones of a stage in the historical development of Sinitic languages. The purpose of this study is to develop a descriptive model for ideophones in Middle Chinese, which is compatible with what we know about them cross-linguistically. The main research question of this study is “what are the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of ideophones in Middle Chinese?” This question is studied in terms of three parameters, viz. the parameters of form, of meaning and of use.
    [Show full text]
  • English Versions of Chinese Authors' Names in Biomedical Journals
    Dialogue English Versions of Chinese Authors’ Names in Biomedical Journals: Observations and Recommendations The English language is widely used inter- In English transliteration, two-syllable Forms of Chinese Authors’ Names nationally for academic purposes. Most of given names sometimes are spelled as two in Biomedical Journals the world’s leading life-science journals are words (Jian Hua), sometimes as one word We recently reviewed forms of Chinese published in English. A growing number (Jianhua), and sometimes hyphenated authors’ names accompanying English- of Chinese biomedical journals publish (Jian-Hua). language articles or abstracts in various abstracts or full papers in this language. Occasionally Chinese surnames are Chinese and Western biomedical journals. We have studied how Chinese authors’ two syllables (for example, Ou-Yang, Mu- We found considerable inconsistency even names are presented in English in bio- Rong, Si-Ma, and Si-Tu). Editors who are within the same journal or issue. The forms medical journals. There is considerable relatively unfamiliar with Chinese names were in the following categories: inconsistency. This inconsistency causes may mistake these compound surnames for • Surname in all capital letters followed by confusion, for example, in distinguishing given names. hyphenated or closed-up given name, for surnames from given names and thus cit- China has 56 ethnic groups. Names example, ing names properly in reference lists. of minority group members can differ KE Zhi-Yong (Chinese Journal of In the current article we begin by pre- considerably from those of Hans, who Contemporary Pediatrics) senting as background some features of constitute most of the Chinese population. GUO Liang-Qian (Chinese Chinese names.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhist Tales of Lü Dongbin
    T’OUNG PAO 448 T’oungJoshua Pao 102-4-5 Capitanio (2016) 448-502 www.brill.com/tpao International Journal of Chinese Studies/Revue Internationale de Sinologie Buddhist Tales of Lü Dongbin Joshua Capitanio (University of the West) Abstract During the early thirteenth century, a story began to appear within texts associated with the Chan 禪 Buddhist movement, which portrays an encounter between the eminent transcendent Lü Dongbin 呂洞賓 and the Chan monk Huanglong Huiji 黃龍誨機 that results in Lü abandoning his alchemical techniques of self-cultivation and taking up the practice of Chan. This article traces the development of this tale across a number of Buddhist sources of the late imperial period, and also examines the ways in which later Buddhist and Daoist authors understood the story and utilized it in advancing their own polemical claims. Résumé Au début du treizième siècle apparaît dans les textes du bouddhisme Chan un récit qui met en scène une rencontre entre le célèbre immortel Lü Dongbin et le moine Chan Huanglong Huiji. Au terme de cette rencontre, Lü abandonne ses pratiques alchimiques de perfectionnement de soi et adopte celle de la méditation Chan. Le présent article retrace le développement de ce thème narratif au travers des sources bouddhiques de la fin de l’époque impériale, et examine la manière dont des auteurs bouddhistes et taoïstes ont compris le récit et l’ont manipulé en fonction de leurs propres objectifs polémiques. Keywords Buddhism, Daoism, Chan, neidan, Lü Dongbin * I would like to extend my thanks to two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful com- ments on an earlier draft of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Sjeaa Vol. 10 No.2 Summer 2010
    SJEAA Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs volume 10 | number 2 Summer 2010 Cover photography © 2009 by Philipp Stiller, used by permission The Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs (SJEAA) is dedicated to addressing compelling is- sues in East Asia in a manner accessible to a general audience. SJEAA showcases undergraduate and graduate work on East Asia in all academic disciplines from leading universities both in the United States and abroad. Copies of SJEAA are distributed to East Asian studies departments and libraries across the nation. If your department, institution, library, or ogranization is interested in subscribing to SJEAA, please contact us at [email protected]. Subscription is free and editions come out once or twice a year. For more details, please visit our website at http://sjeaa.stanford.edu/. SJEAA Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs Executive Board Editor-in-Chief Stephan Hyeonjun Stiller Publicity Director Xin Shan Editorial Board Section Editor, China Fei Yan Section Editor, Japan Yen Le Assistant Section Editor, Korea HyoJung Julia Jang Assistant Section Editor, Southeast Asia Daniel Clayton Greer Section Editor, Book Reviews Lu (Lucy) Yang Section Editor, Book Reviews Theresa Yacong Wang Chief Copyeditor Aragorn Quinn Assistant Section Editor, Layout Georgianna Kiopelani Gyzen Assistant Editors Karmia Chan Cao (China) Nina Chung (Korea) Andrew Elmore (China) Colleen Jiang (Japan) Jonathan Lau (Southeast Asia) Victor Liu (China) Qinglian Lu (China) Brianna Pang (Southeast Asia / Book Reviews) Aragorn Quinn (Japan) Kan Wang (China) Layout Georgianna Kiopelani Gyzen Theresa Yacong Wang Graphic Design Xin Shan SJEAA Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs Editors-in-Chief Emeriti Josephine Lau Phillip Y.
    [Show full text]
  • The Morpho-Syntax of Aspect in Xiāng Chinese
    , 7+(0253+26<17$;2)$63(&7,1 ;,Ɩ1*&+,1(6( ,, 3XEOLVKHGE\ /27 SKRQH 7UDQV -.8WUHFKW HPDLOORW#XXQO 7KH1HWKHUODQGV KWWSZZZORWVFKRROQO ,6%1 185 &RS\ULJKW/X0DQ$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG ,,, 7+(0253+26<17$;2)$63(&7 ,1;,Ɩ1*&+,1(6( 352()6&+5,)7 7(59(5.5,-*,1*9$1 '(*5$$'9$1'2&725$$1'(81,9(56,7(,7/(,'(1 23*(=$*9$1'(5(&7250$*1,),&86352)05&--0672/.(5 92/*(16+(7%(6/8,79$1+(7&2//(*(9225352027,(6 7(9(5'(',*(123'21'(5'$*6(37(0%(5 ./2..( '225 0$1/8 *(%25(17(<8(<$1*&+,1$ ,1 ,9 3URPRWRU 3URIGU53(6\EHVPD &RSURPRWRU 'U$./LSWiN 3URPRWLHFRPPLVVLH 3URIGU-6'RHWMHV 3URIGU'+ROH 8QLYHUVLWlW6WXWWJDUW 'U+6XQ 8QLYHUVLWpGH3LFDUGLH-XOHV9HUQH$PLHQV 9 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV .H\WRDEEUHYLDWLRQV ,; $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV ;, &KDSWHU ,QWURGXFWLRQ %DVLFLQWURGXFWLRQ 7KHODQJXDJHLWVVSHDNHUVDQGLWVPDMRUSURSHUWLHV 3UHYLRXVOLQJXLVWLFVWXGLHVRQ;LƗQJ $LPRIWKHGLVVHUWDWLRQ 7KHRUHWLFDOEDFNJURXQG 7HQVHLQ0DQGDULQ $VSHFW 9LHZSRLQWDVSHFWLQ0DQGDULQ 6LWXDWLRQDVSHFWVHPDQWLFVDQGV\QWD[ ,QQHUDVSHFWLQ0DQGDULQ 7HOLFLW\LQ0DQGDULQ 6XPPDU\RI&KDSWHU 2YHUYLHZRIWKHWKHVLV 6XPPDU\RIWKHIROORZLQJFKDSWHUV &KDSWHU 9 ta ,QWURGXFWLRQ taDVDSHUIHFWLYHPDUNHUDQGRUDSURJUHVVLYHPDUNHU taDVDSHUIHFWLYHPDUNHU taDVDSURJUHVVLYHPDUNHU taZLWKQHJDWLRQ taZLWKPDQQHUDGYHUELDOV taZLWKWKHSURJUHVVLYHPDUNHU tsaiko taZLWKVHQWHQFHILQDO tsaiko ta D SHUIHFWLYH RU D GXUDWLYH PDUNHU ta ZLWK holding YHUEV 6XPPDU\ /LWHUDWXUHLQWURGXFWLRQ ta DV D FRPSOHWLYH RU D SURJUHVVLYHGXUDWLYH PDUNHUD FDVHRIRYHUODS taDVDWUDQVLWLRQPDUNHU 9, 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV
    [Show full text]
  • Crash Course Chinese
    Crash Course Chinese Lu Yang Yanmin Liu Presented by William & Mary Confucius Institute Overview of the Workshop • Composition of Chinese names • Meanings of Chinese names • Tips for bridging the cultural gap • Structure of the Chinese phonetic system • A few easily confused syllables • Chinese as a tonal language • Useful expressions in daily life Composition of Chinese Names • Chinese names include 姓 surname and 名 given name. Chinese English Surname Given name Given name Surname 杨(yáng) 璐(lù) Lu Yang 刘(liú) 燕(yàn)敏(mǐn) Yanmin Liu 陈(chén) 晨(chén)一(yì)夫(fū) Chenyifu Chen Composition of Chinese Names • The top three surnames 王(wáng), 李(lǐ), 张(zhāng) cover more than 20% of the population. • Compound surnames are rare. They are mostly restricted to minority groups. Familiar compound surnames are 欧 (ōu)阳(yáng), 东(dōng)方(fāng), 上(shàng)官(guān), etc. What does it mean? • Pleasing sounds and/or tonal qualities • Beautiful shapes (symmetrical shaped characters like 林 (lín), 森(sēn), 品(pǐn), 晶(jīng), 磊(lěi), 鑫(xīn). • Positive association • Masculine vs. feminine Major types of male names • Firmness and strength: 刚(gāng), 力(lì), 坚(jiān) • Power: 伟(wěi), 强(qiáng), 雄(xióng) • Bravery: 勇(yǒng) • Virtues and values: 信(xìn), 诚(chéng), 正(zhèng), 义(yì) • Beauty: 帅(shuài), 俊(jùn), 高(gāo), 凯(kǎi) Major types of female names • Flowers or plants: 梅(méi), 菊(jú), 兰(lán) • Seasons: 春(chūn), 夏(xià), 秋(qiū), 冬(dōng) • Quietness and serenity: 静(jìng) • Purity and cleanness: 白(bái), 洁(jié), 清(qīng), 晶(jīng),莹(yíng) • Beauty: 美(měi), 丽(lì), 倩(qiàn) • Jade: 玉(yù), 璐 (lù) • Birds: 燕(yàn) Cultural nuances regarding Chinese names • Names reflecting particular times such as: 援(yuán) 朝(cháo) Supporting North Korea 国(guó) 庆(qìng) National Day • Female names reflecting male chauvinism such as: 来(lái) 弟(dì), 招(zhāo) 弟(dì), 娣(dì) Seeking a little brother • Since 1950s, women do not change their surnames after getting married in mainland China.
    [Show full text]
  • CJK NACO Searching
    1/13/2017 CJK NACO Searching Prepared by Ryan Finnerty and Shi Deng, UC San Diego Library With assistance by Hideyuki Morimoto, Columbia University Libraries Thanks to Erica Chang (Univ. of Hawai’i) and Sarah Byun (LC) for providing Korean examples and search tips. NACO Searching: Purpose & Outlines • Keep the database clean by searching before contributing • Discuss why searching is important with CJK examples • To prevent duplicate NARs • To prevent conflict in authorized access points and variant access points • To gather information from existing bibliographic records • To identify existing records that may need to be evaluated and re‐coded for RDA • To identify bibliographic records that may need BFM • Searching tips in Connexion 2 1 1/13/2017 Why Search? To Prevent Duplicate NARs • Duplicates are normally created by inefficient searching and the 24‐ hour upload gap in the Name authority file. • Before creating a name authority record: 1. Search the OCLC authority file for the authorized access point, including variant forms of the access point. 2. In addition, search WorldCat for bibliographic records that contain the authorized access point or variant forms. • If you put your record in a save file, remember to search again if more than 24 hours have passed. • If you encounter duplicate records in the authority file, be sure to notify your NACO Coordinator so the records can be reported to LC. 3 Duplicate NARs for Personal Names (1) • 24 hours rule: If you put your record in a save file, remember to search again if more than 24 hours have passed. Entered: May 16, 2016 Entered: May 10, 2016 010 no2016066120 010 n 2016025569 046 ǂf 1983 ǂ2 edtf 046 ǂf 1983 ǂ2 edtf 1001 Tanaka, Yūsuke, ǂd 1983‐ 1001 Tanaka, Yūsuke, ǂd 1983‐ 4001 田中祐輔, ǂd 1983‐ 4001 田中祐輔, ǂd 1983‐ 670 Gendai Chūgoku no Nihongo kyōikushi, 2015: 670 Gendai Chūgoku no Nihongo kyōikushi, 2015: ǂbt.p.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Chinese Kinship in the Han and the Six Dynasties: a Preliminary Observation
    part 1 volume xxiii • academia sinica • taiwan • 2010 INSTITUTE OF HISTORY AND PHILOLOGY third series asia major • third series • volume xxiii • part 1 • 2010 rethinking chinese kinship hou xudong 侯旭東 translated and edited by howard l. goodman Rethinking Chinese Kinship in the Han and the Six Dynasties: A Preliminary Observation n the eyes of most sinologists and Chinese scholars generally, even I most everyday Chinese, the dominant social organization during imperial China was patrilineal descent groups (often called PDG; and in Chinese usually “zongzu 宗族”),1 whatever the regional differences between south and north China. Particularly after the systematization of Maurice Freedman in the 1950s and 1960s, this view, as a stereo- type concerning China, has greatly affected the West’s understanding of the Chinese past. Meanwhile, most Chinese also wear the same PDG- focused glasses, even if the background from which they arrive at this view differs from the West’s. Recently like Patricia B. Ebrey, P. Steven Sangren, and James L. Watson have tried to challenge the prevailing idea from diverse perspectives.2 Some have proven that PDG proper did not appear until the Song era (in other words, about the eleventh century). Although they have confirmed that PDG was a somewhat later institution, the actual underlying view remains the same as before. Ebrey and Watson, for example, indicate: “Many basic kinship prin- ciples and practices continued with only minor changes from the Han through the Ch’ing dynasties.”3 In other words, they assume a certain continuity of paternally linked descent before and after the Song, and insist that the Chinese possessed such a tradition at least from the Han 1 This article will use both “PDG” and “zongzu” rather than try to formalize one term or one English translation.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI" ARGUMENT STRUCTURE, HPSG, AND CHINESE GRAMMAR DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Qian Gao, B.A., M.A. ******* The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carl J. Pollard, Adviser Professor Peter W.
    [Show full text]
  • Loanword Adaptation in Mandarin Chinese: Perceptual
    Loanword Adaptation in Mandarin Chinese: Perceptual, Phonological and Sociolinguistic Factors A Dissertation Presented by Ruiqin Miao to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Stony Brook University December 2005 Copyright by Ruiqin Miao 2005 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Ruiqin Miao We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. ___________________________________________________________ Co-Advisor: Ellen Broselow, Professor, Department of Linguistics ___________________________________________________________ Co-Advisor: Lori Repetti, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics ___________________________________________________________ Marie K. Huffman, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics ___________________________________________________________ Alice C. Harris, Professor, Department of Linguistics ___________________________________________________________ Agnes Weiyun He, Assistant Professor, Department of Asian and Asian American Studies, Stony Brook University This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School _________________________________ Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Loanword Adaptation in Mandarin Chinese: Perceptual, Phonological and Sociolinguistic Factors by Ruiqin Miao Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Stony Brook University 2005 This dissertation is a study of Mandarin Chinese loanword
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Background of Wang Yang-Ming's Philosophy of Mind
    Ping Dong Historical Background of Wang Yang-ming’s Philosophy of Mind From the Perspective of his Life Story Historical Background of Wang Yang-ming’s Philosophy of Mind Ping Dong Historical Background of Wang Yang-ming’s Philosophy of Mind From the Perspective of his Life Story Ping Dong Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Translated by Xiaolu Wang Liang Cai School of International Studies School of Foreign Language Studies Zhejiang University Ningbo Institute of Technology Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Zhejiang University Ningbo, Zhejiang, China ISBN 978-981-15-3035-7 ISBN 978-981-15-3036-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3036-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this book or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]