Download Chapter (PDF)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download Chapter (PDF) Acknowledgments Over the course of researching and writing this book, I have acquired an enormous number of debts. I am afraid I will never be able to repay them beyond these heartfelt acknowledgments. At the University of California, San Diego First I thank my Ph.D. advisers, Joseph Esherick and Paul Pickowicz. Whether in the stacks with Joe or reviewing a paper “line by line” with Paul, I was always certain I was receiving the best education imaginable. They spared no effort in creating the remarkably vibrant and supportive intellectual community that is the graduate program in modern Chinese history at the University of California, San Diego. My other three committee members each deserve a spe- cial thanks. Marta Hanson was a vital link between Chinese studies and science studies; her energy and breadth of knowledge made her a constant source of new ideas and inspiration. Martha Lampland provided much important feedback on critical aspects of my work, including anthro- pology, science in socialist contexts, and fieldwork practices. Naomi Oreskes always put her finger on the crucial prob- lems, but never made me feel foolish for not having seen them myself. For their contibutions I also thank Suzanne Cahill, Tak Fujitani, Adrian Johns, Susan Leigh Star, Stefan Tanaka, Robert Westman, and Bin Wong (University of Cali fornia, Irvine). Among my many helpful student colleagues, I would xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS especially like to acknowledge Jeremy Brown, Susan Fernsebner, Christian Hess, Matthew Johnson, Liu Lu, Sarah Malena, Cecily McCaffrey, Elena Songster, Donald Wallace, and Adam Warren. They read my papers, offered much-needed advice, and were wonderful friends and colleagues. For research assistance throughout graduate school, I am indebted to Ye Wa. Her helpfulness with Chinese-language documents and her knowl- edge of everything from agriculture to archaeology provided advantages I wish I could have taken with me to Massachusetts. I am also grateful for the help of UCSD librarians Jim Cheng and Richard Wang, and the interlibrary loan department; they put a world of resources at my fingertips. Mary Allen, Ivonne Avila, Betty Gunderson, Carol Larkin, and Julie Scales helped me out of administrative scrapes. In China I am tremendously fortunate to have spent a year as the guest of that truly cosmopolitan place, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology. At IVPP, Liú Wǔ patiently wrote three letters of invi- tation in order to satisfy visa requirements before he had even met me. Once I arrived in Běijīng, he made me feel completely welcome at the institute and facilitated my research. Also at IVPP, Gāo Xīng, Wú Xīnzhì, and Zhāng Mímàn took time out of their busy schedules for several interviews in addition to helping with logistics. The following scien- tists, technicians, artists, and museum workers at IVPP offered interviews and sometimes materials as well: Cài Bíngxī, Chén Zǔyín, Duàn Shūqín, Guó Jiànwēi, Hóu Yāméi, Fù Huálíng, Huáng Wànbō, Huáng Wèi wén, Lǐ Chāo róng, Lǐ Róngshān, Lín Shènglóng, Liú Shífān, Lù Qìng wǔ, Qí Guó qín, Shěn Wénlóng, Tóng Hàowén, Wáng Shùqín, Wèi Qí, Wú Mào­ lín, Xú Qīnqí, Xǔ Xiǎopíng, Yàn Défā, Yuán Zhènxīn, Yóu Yùzhù, Zhāng Lìfēn, Zhāng Sēnshuǐ, and Zhào Zhōngyì. Jiǎ Yǔzhāng, the son of Jiǎ Lán pō, was very generous in sharing his father’s files. Péi Shēn, son of Péi Wén zhōng, offered helpful reminiscences. Fèng Xiǎobō, now of Hú běi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, dropped everything to travel to the heart of Shēnnóngjià with me. I am also grateful to the library and archive staff at IVPP, including Cáo Yíng and Wǔ Lǐliū, and finally to the graduate students Shàng Hóng and Wú Xiùjiě for their friendship and helpfulness. Zhōu Guóxīng of the Natural History Museum in Běijīng deserves special thanks for his consistent willingness to help. I am also grateful to the following people in Běijīng for granting interviews and providing materials: Zhāng Fēng at the Agricultural Science and Technology Press, xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Jiǎ Zǐwén and Wáng Huìméi at the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, Yán Shí at the Popular Science Press, Léi Qǐhóng and Shí Shùnkē at the Chinese Research Institute for Science Popularization, and Wáng Fāngchén of the Strange and Rare Animals Exploration and Inves- tigation Committee. Zhāng Jiǔchén and Zhāng Lí of the Institute for the History of Natural Science took time to introduce me to the institute and share insights and resources. Also in Běijīng, Zhào Chāo and Wáng Yànxiá’s family helped with logis- tics. Yun-chiahn Chen, Kate Lingley, Elena Songster, Suzanne Thomas, Lisa Tran, and Yáng Yáng and her family provided much friendship and assistance of all kinds. Zhāng Xiàoyán transcribed many interviews beautifully at a special rate. Many others outside Běijīng also provided interviews and guided tours of important sites. I thank Jīn Lì, Chén Chún, and Lǐ Huī of Fùdàn University; Gāo Qiáng of the Bànpō Neolithic Museum in Xī’ān; Lán Jiàn and Liú Ruìqiáng in Lántián; Jiāng Yǒng, Lí Guóhuá, Rǎn Chāo, Shàng Chángchūn, Yuán Yùháo, and Zhāng Jīnxīng in Shénnóngjià; Lǐ Ài píng, Mín Zé, and Yè Miáo in Wǔhàn; Liú Wén and Luó Ānhú of the Liǔ zhōu Museum; Gāo Fēng and Jí Xuépíng of the Archaeological Insti- tute in Kūnmíng; Mǎ Wéndǒu of the Yúnnán Provincial Museum; Jiāng Chū, Yáng Qīng, and Yáng Shàoxiáng of the Yuánmóu Man Exhibition Hall; Lǐ Zì xiù in Yuánmóu; Lǐ Xùwén, Lǐ Hóngjiǔ, Tián Xiǎowén, and Yáng Xī in Lìjiāng; Chén Wēngliáng and Xú Yǒngqìng at the Shànghǎi Natural History Museum; and Táo Yǔnhàn at the Shànghǎi Science and Technology Museum. Finally, I thank the fifty-four people who completed surveys and wrote letters detailing their experiences as readers of Fossils magazine and as hobbyists. Of those, the following gave permission to mention them by name: Huáng Déxiāng, Jiāng Chénguāng, Léi Xiǎo, Lǐ Chūnyuán, Lǐ Hóuwén, Lǐ Xiùcǎi, Liú Bìfēn, Liú Yǒng, Shàn Yuánshēng, Shěn Ēnhuá, Sūn Qīngmín, Yuán Zhìyì, and Zhào Shān. At the University of Massachusetts, Amherst I could not have landed better than I have at the University of Massachu- setts, where the history faculty has been immensely supportive—from the moment they appealed to the dean to add a special position for me to this semester, when they granted a leave from teaching and service so I could finish the book. For their advice, encouragement, and support, I am especially grateful to Audrey Altstadt, Chris Appy, Anne Broad- bridge, Richard Chu, Alvin Cohen (Asian Languages and Literatures), xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dick Minear, Brian Ogilvie, Larry Owens, Steve Platt, and Heather Cox Richardson. I thank the Five-College Science Studies group—especially Jeffrey Ramsey and Mike Dietrich—for taking time to read and discuss chapter 8. In the library, Sharon Domier, Jim Kelly, and the interlibrary loan staff have all leapt to help at a moment’s notice. A Faculty Research Grant supported a month of follow-up interviewing in 2005. At Wesleyan University Returning to the Connecticut River Valley has allowed me to reconnect with my roots at Wesleyan, where I spent four (noncontiguous) years of excitement and delight that instilled in me a desire to remain on college campuses for the rest of my life. My thesis advisers, Vera Schwarcz and Sue Fisher, devoted much time to guiding my studies and offered me a great deal of encouragement along the way. With their help, I began to participate in the long process of bridging the fields of Chinese studies and science studies. Bill Johnston was another important source of inspi- ration, and Steve Angle invited me back in 2005 to talk at the beloved Freeman Center. Finally, Joe Rouse recently offered a gentle criticism that made a subtle but great difference in the finished book. At the University of Chicago Press Since Pete Beatty first found my proposal on his desk and promptly sent me a warm and professional response, Chicago has treated me like roy- alty. I am deeply indebted to Pete, Catherine Rice, Christie Henry, and, most important, Karen Darling for their tag-team support. Erik Carlson patiently answered many questions and corrected many errors of gram- mar and style, a task made more difficult by the cumbersome fonts. Chuck Hayford, Fan-ti Fan, and one anonymous reader offered very generous and helpfully critical comments on the submitted draft. David Goodrich of Birdtrack Press is responsible for the beautiful typesetting job. And Beyond . Richard Kutner gave me early lessons in time management. For help- ing kindle my interest in China, I thank Morris Rossabi. David Bran- ner introduced me to classical Chinese and insisted on the use of tone marks in pīnyīn. Ann Waltner included me in her renowned classical Chinese reading group. Charlotte Furth offered much useful advice and suggested I apply to UCSD. xiv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dennis Etler introduced me to IVPP and shared seven hours of taped interviews with Jiǎ Lánpō. Alice Conklin, Fa-ti Fan, Amy Hwei-shuan Feng, Laiguo Long, Barry Sautman, Wen-ching Sung, and Nadine Weidman generously shared unpublished work. Michael Schoenhals swallowed his disgust at the egregious imperialist behavior of my homeland and shared his extraordinary knowledge of Cultural Revolution documents to help me improve chapter 5. Laurence Schneider thoughtfully read the entire manuscript and provided many useful comments on content and style. For their helpful suggestions, I thank David DeGusta, Ingrid Fryklund, Mark Lewis, Perry Link, Nakayama Shigeru, Jesse Richmond, Jessica Riskin, Grace Shen, Steve Smith, Matthew Sommer, Sharon Traweek, Fred Wakeman, and Kären Wigen. I greatly appreciate the assistance of librarians at Stanford, Yale, and the University of California, Berkeley. The librarians at Harvard-Yenching, especially James Cheng, Nobuhiko Abe, Matthew Bilder, and Eiji Kuge, deserve a special thanks for their tolerance of my voluminous requests.
Recommended publications
  • This Is a Sample Copy, Not to Be Reproduced Or Sold
    Startup Business Chinese: An Introductory Course for Professionals Textbook By Jane C. M. Kuo Cheng & Tsui Company, 2006 8.5 x 11, 390 pp. Paperback ISBN: 0887274749 Price: TBA THIS IS A SAMPLE COPY, NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR SOLD This sample includes: Table of Contents; Preface; Introduction; Chapters 2 and 7 Please see Table of Contents for a listing of this book’s complete content. Please note that these pages are, as given, still in draft form, and are not meant to exactly reflect the final product. PUBLICATION DATE: September 2006 Workbook and audio CDs will also be available for this series. Samples of the Workbook will be available in August 2006. To purchase a copy of this book, please visit www.cheng-tsui.com. To request an exam copy of this book, please write [email protected]. Contents Tables and Figures xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction to the Chinese Language xvi Introduction to Numbers in Chinese xl Useful Expressions xlii List of Abbreviations xliv Unit 1 问好 Wènhǎo Greetings 1 Unit 1.1 Exchanging Names 2 Unit 1.2 Exchanging Greetings 11 Unit 2 介绍 Jièshào Introductions 23 Unit 2.1 Meeting the Company Manager 24 Unit 2.2 Getting to Know the Company Staff 34 Unit 3 家庭 Jiātíng Family 49 Unit 3.1 Marital Status and Family 50 Unit 3.2 Family Members and Relatives 64 Unit 4 公司 Gōngsī The Company 71 Unit 4.1 Company Type 72 Unit 4.2 Company Size 79 Unit 5 询问 Xúnwèn Inquiries 89 Unit 5.1 Inquiring about Someone’s Whereabouts 90 Unit 5.2 Inquiring after Someone’s Profession 101 Startup Business Chinese vii Unit
    [Show full text]
  • Tongguang Zhai ————————————————————————————————
    Tongguang Zhai ———————————————————————————————— Tel no: (859) 257-4958 (office) Postal address: 163B F. Paul Anderson Tower (859) 396-0924 (home) Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering E-mail: [email protected] University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA Academic Degrees D.Phil. (Ph.D.), 9/1994 B.Sc., 7/1983 University of Oxford, England University of Science and Technology Beijing, China Research Interests • Fatigue life prediction: identification of fatigue weak-link density and strength distribution, quantification of fatigue crack initiation and resistance to fatigue crack growth due to crack deflection at grain boundaries, • Optimum alloy design through micro- and macro-texture control, • Failure analysis, Materials characterisation, processing and modelling, etc. Education and Career 6/2007—Present Associate Professor Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA 8/2001—5/2007 Assistant Professor Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA 8/2000—6/2001 Postdoctoral Research Associate Light metals research center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA 1/1995—7/2000 Research fellow Department of Materials, University of Oxford 10/1994—12/1994 Research Assistant Fraunhofer Institute for NDT (IzfP), University Building 37, 66123 Saarbrueken, Germany 10/1991—9/1994 D. Phil. student Department of Materials, University of Oxford Academic Awards and Honours ● NSF CAREER AWARD: 7/2007-6/2012 ● Visiting Professorship: University of Hong Kong (June, 2009), Sichuan University (June, 2005). ● Excellent Teacher Award by College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 2002/2003. ● Buehler Technical Merit Paper Award, 4/1994, jointly by International Metallography Society and Materials Characterisation, Paper 48) in the publication list.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation
    Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation A/L Krishnan Thiinash Bachelor of Information Technology March 2015 A/L Selvaraju Theeban Raju Bachelor of Commerce January 2015 A/P Balan Durgarani Bachelor of Commerce with Distinction March 2015 A/P Rajaram Koushalya Priya Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Hiba Mohsin Mohammed Master of Health Leadership and Aal-Yaseen Hussein Management July 2015 Aamer Muhammad Master of Quality Management September 2015 Abbas Hanaa Safy Seyam Master of Business Administration with Distinction March 2015 Abbasi Muhammad Hamza Master of International Business March 2015 Abdallah AlMustafa Hussein Saad Elsayed Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Abdallah Asma Samir Lutfi Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdallah Moh'd Jawdat Abdel Rahman Master of International Business July 2015 AbdelAaty Mosa Amany Abdelkader Saad Master of Media and Communications with Distinction March 2015 Abdel-Karim Mervat Graduate Diploma in TESOL July 2015 Abdelmalik Mark Maher Abdelmesseh Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Master of Strategic Human Resource Abdelrahman Abdo Mohammed Talat Abdelziz Management September 2015 Graduate Certificate in Health and Abdel-Sayed Mario Physical Education July 2015 Sherif Ahmed Fathy AbdRabou Abdelmohsen Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdul Hakeem Siti Fatimah Binte Bachelor of Science January 2015 Abdul Haq Shaddad Yousef Ibrahim Master of Strategic Marketing March 2015 Abdul Rahman Al Jabier Bachelor of Engineering Honours Class II, Division 1
    [Show full text]
  • Third Edition 中文听说读写
    Integrated Chinese Level 1 Part 1 Textbook Simplified Characters Third Edition 中文听说读写 THIS IS A SAMPLE COPY FOR PREVIEW AND EVALUATION, AND IS NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR SOLD. © 2009 Cheng & Tsui Company. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-88727-644-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-88727-638-5 (paperback) To purchase a copy of this book, please visit www.cheng-tsui.com. To request an exam copy of this book, please write [email protected]. Cheng & Tsui Company www.cheng-tsui.com Tel: 617-988-2400 Fax: 617-426-3669 LESSON 1 Greetings 第一课 问好 Dì yī kè Wèn hǎo SAMPLE LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to • Exchange basic greetings; • Request a person’s last name and full name and provide your own; • Determine whether someone is a teacher or a student; • Ascertain someone’s nationality. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— 1. How do people greet each other when meeting for the fi rst time? 2. Do people say their given name or family name fi rst? 3. How do acquaintances or close friends address each other? 20 Integrated Chinese • Level 1 Part 1 • Textbook Dialogue I: Exchanging Greetings SAMPLELANGUAGE NOTES 你好! 你好!(Nǐ hǎo!) is a common form of greeting. 你好! It can be used to address strangers upon fi rst introduction or between old acquaintances. To 请问,你贵姓? respond, simply repeat the same greeting. 请问 (qǐng wèn) is a polite formula to be used 1 2 我姓 李。你呢 ? to get someone’s attention before asking a question or making an inquiry, similar to “excuse me, may I 我姓王。李小姐 , please ask…” in English.
    [Show full text]
  • I Want to Be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition
    Volume 6 Issue 1 2020 “I Want to be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition Charlene Peishan Chan [email protected] ISSN: 2057-1720 doi: 10.2218/ls.v6i1.2020.4398 This paper is available at: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lifespansstyles Hosted by The University of Edinburgh Journal Hosting Service: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/ “I Want to be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition Charlene Peishan Chan The years leading up to the political handover of Hong Kong to Mainland China surfaced issues regarding national identification and intergroup relations. These issues manifested in Hong Kong films of the time in the form of film characters’ language ideologies. An analysis of six films reveals three themes: (1) the assumption of mutual intelligibility between Cantonese and Putonghua, (2) the importance of English towards one’s Hong Kong identity, and (3) the expectation that Mainland immigrants use Cantonese as their primary language of communication in Hong Kong. The recurrence of these findings indicates their prevalence amongst native Hongkongers, even in a post-handover context. 1 Introduction The handover of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1997 marked the end of 155 years of British colonial rule. Within this socio-political landscape came questions of identification and intergroup relations, both amongst native Hongkongers and Mainland Chinese (Tong et al. 1999, Brewer 1999). These manifest in the attitudes and ideologies that native Hongkongers have towards the three most widely used languages in Hong Kong: Cantonese, English, and Putonghua (a standard variety of Mandarin promoted in Mainland China by the Government).
    [Show full text]
  • CHIN 102: BEGINNING CHINESE (Web-Based) SPRING 2021
    CHIN 102: BEGINNING CHINESE (Web-Based) SPRING 2021 INSTRUCTOR Chang, Yufen 张瑜芬 (zhāng yú fēn) Email: [email protected] Office hours: MonDay 11:15am~12:15pm, WeDnesday 10:10am~11:10am, or by appointment Zoom link: https://wku.zoom.us/j/8487135368 TEACHING ASSISTANT/TUTOR Sim, Guan Cherng 沈冠丞 (shěn guàn chéng) Email: [email protected] Zoom link: https://wku.zoom.us/j/4833361863 WEEKLY COURSE STRUCTURE 1. Zoom meeting: 55 minutes with Dr. Chang on Monday (10:20pm ~ 11:15am) If you have a time conflict and cannot make it, please watch the recordeD class meeting on BlackboarD. The video should be available by 2pm on MonDay. 2. Tutoring: 20-minute Zoom tutoring with Mr. Sim Please go to https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10gwslnlv- ykkARUlCzSzW8FUyWKWaXbJQ7bsncTAk5E/eDit#gid=0 to sign up for your tutorial session. The tutorial session will start in the first week. Note that attending the weekly tutorial session is required and that your attendance is included in the grading system. Every week you will receive a full grade for your tutoring when you attend the session on time. If your absence for the tutoring is unexcused, you then will receive a zero for that week’s tutoring grade. If something unexpected happens and you need to reschedule the tutorial session, please contact Mr. Sim via email as early as you can. 3. Two self-learning lessons available on BlackboarD REQUIRED TEXTS 1. Tao-chung Yao & Yuehua Liu, Integrated Chinese: Textbook, Level One: Part One 2. Tao-chung Yao & Yuehua Liu, Integrated Chinese: Workbook, Level One: Part One COURSE DESCRIPTIONS AND OBJECTIVES This course is designed to introDuce ManDarin Chinese to stuDents who have completely CHIN 101.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Practice of Extracting and Broadcasting Forced Conf
    Submission: China’s practice of extracting and broadcasting forced confessions before trial ADDITIONAL DATA for Submission to select UN Special Procedures on: China’s practice of extracting and broadcasting forced confessions before trial 2020-08-11 Contact: Benjamin Ismaïl. Safeguard Defenders. [email protected]. +33 663 137 613. Submitted by: Safeguard Defenders ChinaAid Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) Front Line Defenders Human Rights Watch (HRW) Reporters Without Borders (RSF) World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) 1 Submission: China’s practice of extracting and broadcasting forced confessions before trial (1) OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 3 (2) Purpose of the present submission .............................................................................................. 4 (3) VIOLATIONS OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS ................................................................. 6 (4) Forced confessions: a violation of Chinese laws ........................................................................... 6 (5) Violation of international laws and standards .............................................................................. 8 (6) Right to a fair trial and related rights ........................................................................................ 8 (7) The defects of the Judiciary and International judicial standards ............................................ 9
    [Show full text]
  • Tissue-Restricted Genome Editing in Vivo Specified by Microrna-Repressible Anti-CRISPR Proteins
    Downloaded from rnajournal.cshlp.org on September 29, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press REPORT Tissue-restricted genome editing in vivo specified by microRNA-repressible anti-CRISPR proteins JOOYOUNG LEE,1 HAIWEI MOU,1,4 RAED IBRAHEIM,1 SHUN-QING LIANG,1 PENGPENG LIU,2 WEN XUE,1,3 and ERIK J. SONTHEIMER1,3 1RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA 2Program in Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA 3Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial adaptive immune pathways that have revolutionized biotechnology and biomedical ap- plications. Despite the potential for human therapeutic development, there are many hurdles that must be overcome be- fore its use in clinical settings. Some clinical safety concerns arise from editing activity in unintended cell types or tissues upon in vivo delivery (e.g., by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors). Although tissue-specific promoters and serotypes with tissue tropisms can be used, suitably compact promoters are not always available for desired cell types, and AAV tis- sue tropism specificities are not absolute. To reinforce tissue-specific editing, we exploited anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) that have evolved as natural countermeasures against CRISPR immunity. To inhibit Cas9 in all ancillary tissues without compro- mising editing in the target tissue, we established a flexible platform in which an Acr transgene is repressed by endoge- nous, tissue-specific microRNAs (miRNAs). We demonstrate that miRNAs regulate the expression of an Acr transgene bearing miRNA-binding sites in its 3′′′′′-UTR and control subsequent genome editing outcomes in a cell-type specific manner.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Syntatic and Phonetic Features of Internet Quasi-Chengyu and Existing Chengyu
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SYNTATIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES OF INTERNET QUASI-CHENGYU AND EXISTING CHENGYU Yautina Zhang Master program: Language and Communication Linguistics Institute Leiden University Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Internet language ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2. Forms of Internet words ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Introduction of related terms .............................................................................................................. 9 2. Internet quasi-chengyu .................................................................................................................. 13 2.1. Forms of Internet quasi-chengyu ...................................................................................................... 13 2.2. Syntactic features of real chengyu and Internet quasi-chengyu ....................................................... 18 2.2.1. Syntactic features of real chengyu .............................................. 18 2.2.2. Syntactic features of Internet quasi-chengyu ....................................... 29 2.3. Summary ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title MicroRNA-101 Regulates NKCC1, Kif1a, and Ank2 to Fine-Tune the Formation of Proper Neural Networks Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g35r4fn Author Liu, Jerry Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO MicroRNA-101 Regulates NKCC1, Kif1a, and Ank2 to Fine-Tune the Formation of Proper Neural Networks A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Biology by Jerry Chia Ye Liu Committee in Charge: Professor Darwin K. Berg, Chair Professor Nicholas C. Spitzer, Co-Chair Professor Gulcin Pekkurnaz 2017 Copyright Jerry Chia Ye Liu, 2017 All rights reserved. The thesis of Jerry Chia Ye Liu is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Co -Chair ________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2017 iii DEDICATION I dedicate my Thesis to my parents, John and Emma, who taught me the importance of tenacity in success. iv EPIGRAPH “Do not fear failure but rather fear not trying.” Roy T. Bennett, The Light in the Heart v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
    it Lu Wen Wi Lu Wen was Liu Zongyuan’s cousin, one year older than his kinsman. Like Liu, his junwang - the place where his family was well known - was also the frontier district of Yongji County, in Shanxi, but also like Liu, Lu Wen never actually lived in that area. Bom in 771, he was educated in the Luoyang suburbs. Taking the provincial examination there, in 794, he scored at the top of the class. It would, however, be four years before he went to Chang’an to take the highest level imperial exam, because his father was in charge of the tests during that time, raising understandable concerns of “conflict of interest.” Indeed, Lii Wen and his three younger brothers were named after the four important Confucian virtues: Wen means “warm” and “mild”; his brother Gong’s name ^ means “respectful”; Jian ^ means “thrifty”; while Rang ih means “willing to yield to others what is rightly theirs.” Ezra Pound would have made a good case with the idea of “virtuous mlers,” for the four brothers of the Lii family all became government officials and some at quite high ranks. Lii Wen himself was moderately successful as an official and was promoted by Prime Minister Wang Shuwen, the same powerful man who supported Lii’s cousin Liu Zongyuan. In 804, Lu Wen was appointed an emissary to Tibet, where he served for more than a year. When he returned to China, however, Wang Shuwen was out of power. In 808, Lii Wen was demoted and banished to the “barbarian south,” in Daozhou, Hunan Province, even farther south than his cousin 171 Liu Zongyuan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideophones in Middle Chinese
    KU LEUVEN FACULTY OF ARTS BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BOX 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË ! Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas'Van'Hoey' ' Presented(in(fulfilment(of(the(requirements(for(the(degree(of(( Master(of(Arts(in(Linguistics( ( Supervisor:(prof.(dr.(Jean=Christophe(Verstraete((promotor)( ( ( Academic(year(2014=2015 149(431(characters Abstract (English) Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas Van Hoey This M.A. thesis investigates ideophones in Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) Middle Chinese (Sinitic, Sino- Tibetan) from a typological perspective. Ideophones are defined as a set of words that are phonologically and morphologically marked and depict some form of sensory image (Dingemanse 2011b). Middle Chinese has a large body of ideophones, whose domains range from the depiction of sound, movement, visual and other external senses to the depiction of internal senses (cf. Dingemanse 2012a). There is some work on modern variants of Sinitic languages (cf. Mok 2001; Bodomo 2006; de Sousa 2008; de Sousa 2011; Meng 2012; Wu 2014), but so far, there is no encompassing study of ideophones of a stage in the historical development of Sinitic languages. The purpose of this study is to develop a descriptive model for ideophones in Middle Chinese, which is compatible with what we know about them cross-linguistically. The main research question of this study is “what are the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of ideophones in Middle Chinese?” This question is studied in terms of three parameters, viz. the parameters of form, of meaning and of use.
    [Show full text]