DOCSLIB.ORG

Como Estudar Os Mamíferos? 40 How to Study Mammals?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Como Estudar Os Mamíferos? 40 How to Study Mammals? Descobrindo os mamíferos Um guia para as espécies do norte de Minas Gerais Guilherme Braga Ferreira Marcelo Juliano Rabelo Oliveira Januária, 2014 Foto: MSP Foto: Discovering mammals A guide to the species of northern Minas Gerais Guilherme Braga Ferreira Marcelo Juliano Rabelo Oliveira Januária, 2014 Foto: MSP Foto: Expediente www.biografa.com.br Produção editorial: Renato Ribeiro Editorial production: Renato Ribeiro Preparação de texto: Clarice Laender Text preparation: Clarice Laender Revisão de texto: Lúcia Maria Nicodemo Lopes Proofreading: Lúcia Maria Nicodemo Lopes Projeto gráfico e editoração: Ana Paula Trindade Graphic design and publishing: Ana Paula Trindade Assistente de Editoração: Diogo Arruda Publishing assistant: Diogo Arruda Fotografia: Arnaud Desbiez, Caê Benfica, Carolina Photography: Arnaud Desbiez, Caê Benfica, Carolina C. Cheida, Caroline Leuchtenberg, C. Cheida, Caroline Leuchtenberg, Frederico Ge- Frederico Gemesio Lemos, Guilherme Braga mesio Lemos, Guilherme Braga Ferreira, Instituto Ferreira, Instituto Biotrópicos, Leo Lobato, Biotrópicos, Leo Lobato, Marcell Soares Pinheiro, Marcell Soares Pinheiro, WWF-Brasil/Bento Viana, WWF-Brasil/Bento Viana, WWF/David Lawson, WWF/David Lawson, WWF/James Frankham, WWF/James Frankham, WWF/Juan Pratgines- WWF/Juan Pratginestos, WWF/Martin Harvey, tos, WWF/Martin Harvey, WWF/Michel Gunther, WWF/Michel Gunther, WWF/Staffan Widstrand, WWF/Staffan Widstrand, WWF/Zig Koch. WWF/Zig Koch. Tradução: Luiz Otávio de Oliveira Ferreira Translation: Luiz Otávio de Oliveira Ferreira Realização: Patrocínio: An Initiative of the: Sponsored by: Sumário Table of Contents 9 Apresentação 8 Introduction 11 Este guia de campo 10 About this field guide 13 Agradecimentos 12 Acknowledgments 17 Mas, afinal, quem são 16 What are mammals, os mamíferos? after all? 17 16 Endotermia Endothermy 19 18 Variety of shapes Diversidade de formas 21 20 Classificação Classification 25 Riqueza e ameaça 24 Richness and threat 33 Áreas protegidas 32 Protected Areas 35 34 O Mosaico de Áreas Protected Area Mosaic Protegidas 39 O Cerrado 38 The Cerrado 41 Como estudar os mamíferos? 40 How to study mammals? 45 A revolução das câmeras 45 The revolution of automáticas automatic cameras 49 Breve história do 48 Brief history of camera armadilhamento fotográfico trapping 51 Como identificar espécies 50 How to use this guide to utilizando este guia de campo identify species 55 Ordem Pilosa 54 Order Pilosa 57 Tamanduá-bandeira 57 Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) 59 59 Southern Tamandua Tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) (Tamandua tetradactyla) 61 Ordem Cingulata 60 Order Cingulata 63 Tatu-galinha 63 Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) (Dasypus novemcinctus) 65 Tatu-peba 65 Yellow Armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) (Euphractus sexcinctus) 67 Tatu-de-rabo-mole 67 Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo (Cabassous unicinctus) (Cabassous unicinctus) 69 Tatu-canastra 69 Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus) (Priodontes maximus) 71 Ordem Carnivora 70 Order Carnivora 73 Jaguatirica 73 Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) (Leopardus pardalis) 75 Gato-do-mato-pequeno 75 Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) (Leopardus tigrinus) 77 Gato-palheiro 77 Pantanal Cat (Leopardus braccatus) (Leopardus braccatus) 79 Jaguarundi 79 Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Puma yagouaroundi) 81 81 Puma Suçuarana (Puma concolor) (Puma concolor) 83 Onça-pintada 83 Jaguar (Panthera onca) (Panthera onca) 85 Lobo-guará 85 Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) (Chrysocyon brachyurus) 87 Cachorro-do-mato 87 Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) (Cerdocyon thous) 89 Raposinha-do-campo 89 Hoary Fox (Lycalopex vetulus) (Lycalopex vetulus) 91 Cachorro-vinagre 91 Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus) (Speothos venaticus) 93 93 Tayra Irara (Eira barbara) (Eira barbara) 95 Furão 95 Lesser Grison (Galictis cuja) (Galictis cuja) 97 Lontra 97 Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) (Lontra longicaudis) 99 99 Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Jaritataca (Conepatus semistriatus) (Conepatus semistriatus) 101 Quati 101 South American Coati (Nasua nasua) (Nasua nasua) 103 Guaxinim 103 Crab-eating Raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) (Procyon cancrivorus) 105 104 Ordem Perissodactyla Order Perissodactyla 107 Anta 107 Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) (Tapirus terrestris) 109 108 Ordem Artiodactyla Order Artiodactyla 111 111 Catitu Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu) (Pecari tajacu) 113 Queixada 113 White-lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari) (Tayassu pecari) 115 Suçuapara 115 Marsh Deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) (Blastocerus dichotomus) 117 Veado-campeiro 117 Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros beZoarticus) (Ozotoceros beZoarticus) 119 Veado-catingueiro 119 Gray Brocket (Mazama gouazoubira) (Mazama gouazoubira) 121 Ordem Rodentia 120 Order Rodentia 123 Capivara 123 Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) 125 Paca 125 Paca (Cuniculus paca) (Cuniculus paca) 127 Cutia 127 Azara’s Agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) (Dasyprocta azarae) 129 Sobre os autores 128 About the authors 131 Instituto Biotrópicos 130 Instituto Biotrópicos 131 WWF-Brasil 130 WWF-Brasil As imagens que integram este livro têm sua origem identificada pelas siglas: AD = Arnaud Desbiez WWF-B/BV = WWF-Brasil/Bento Viana AF = Instituto Biotrópicos/ WWF/DL = WWF/ David Lawson Armadilhas Fotográficas WWF/JF = WWF/ James Frankham CB = Caê Benfica WWF/JWT = WWF/ James W. Thorsell CL = Caroline Leuchtenberg WWF/JP = WWF/ Juan Pratginestos CCC = Carolina C. Cheida FGL = Frederico Gemesio Lemos WWF/MH = WWF/ Martin Harvey GBF = Guilherme Braga Ferreira WWF/MG = WWF/ Michel Gunther LL = Leo Lobato WWF/SW = WWF/ Staffan Widstrand MSP = Marcell Soares Pinheiro WWF/ZK = WWF/ Zig Koch 8 Introduction Mammals are quite charismatic animals and spark great in- terest. However, few Brazilians are truly familiar with the spe- cies we find in our country. We usually recognize immediately the large African mammals, but it is difficult to describe just a few species of the Brazilian wildlife. This guide shows the incredible diversity of mammals that live in the BraZilian savanna: our astonishing Cerrado. No- twithstanding the limited use of extremely technical terms, the guide is scientifically accurate and provides the public at large with information about Brazilian mammals. Moreo- ver, it encourages young researchers to carry out their own surveys in the region. By reading this small book, adults, youths and children will have the opportunity of learning in more detail about some extraordinary mammals and discovering their fascinating variety of habits and characteristics. Enjoy it! 9 Apresentação Os mamíferos são animais muito carismáticos e que despertam o nosso interesse. Entretanto, poucos brasileiros estão familiarizados com as espécies que existem no país. Costumamos reconhecer pron- tamente os grandes mamíferos africanos, mas pode nos ser difícil des- crever algumas poucas espécies da fauna brasileira. Este guia apresenta a incrível diversidade de mamíferos que habitam a “savana” brasileira: nosso maravilhoso Cerrado. Limitando o uso de termos muito técnicos, mas mantendo o rigor científico, oferece ao grande público informações sobre os mamíferos brasileiros e, ainda, estimula jovens pesquisadores a desenvolverem suas próprias pesquisas na região. Com a leitura deste pequeno livro, adultos, jovens e crianças poderão conhecer de perto extraordinários mamíferos, descobrindo seus hábitos e características, que são fascinantemente variados. Boa aventura! Foto: WWF-B/BV WWF-B/BV Foto: Veado-campeiro Pampas Deer 10 About this field guide The information and pictures shown in this guide are the outcome of researches conducted by Instituto Biotrópicos during ten years (2003- 2013) in existing protected areas at Sertão Veredas-Peruaçu Mosaic. Lo- cated at the left bank of São Francisco River, next to the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, this region is extremely important for the conservation of Brazilian biodiversity. This territory boasts such a great diversity that the species described in this book represent more than 70% of all the larger mammals found in the Cerrado. These animals feature broad geographic distribution, which makes this guide a useful tool in other Brazilian states and even other countries. Most of the pictures were taken by “camera traps”, a relatively simple equipment that has enhanced the efficiency of research works, as we will explain in more detail later. Because the camera is triggered by the presence of the animal, the researcher and now the readers are able to watch mammals in their natural habitat. Foto: MSP Foto: 11 Este guia de campo As informações e imagens reunidas neste guia são fruto de pesquisas sobre os mamíferos de médio e grande porte desenvolvidas pelo Ins- tituto Biotrópicos ao longo de dez anos (2003-2013), em unidades de conservação do Mosaico Sertão Veredas-Peruaçu. Esta é uma região de extrema relevância para a conservação da biodiversidade brasilei- ra, localizada na margem esquerda do rio São Francisco, próximo à di- visa de Minas Gerais e Bahia. O território reúne tamanha diversidade, que as espécies aqui descritas representam mais de 70% de todos os mamíferos de maior porte do Cerrado. Estes animais possuem grande distribuição geográfica, o que faz com que este guia seja útil também nos demais estados brasileiros e até em outros países. A maioria das imagens foi obtida através de “armadilhas fotográficas”, um equipamento simples, que aumentou a eficiência da pesquisa e será explicado mais à frente. Como a foto é disparada pela presença do próprio animal, isso permite
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Redalyc.Collection Records of Gyldenstolpia Planaltensis (Avila-Pires, 1972) (Rodentia, Cricetidae) Suggest the Local Extinction
    Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Bezerra, Alexandra M. R. Collection records of Gyldenstolpia planaltensis (Avila-Pires, 1972) (Rodentia, Cricetidae) suggest the local extinction of the species Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 18, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2011, pp. 119-123 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45719986010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 18(1):119-123, Mendoza, 2011 ISSN 0327-9383 119 ©SAREM, 2011 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar COLLECTION RECORDS OF Gyldenstolpia planaltensis (AVILA-PIRES, 1972) (RODENTIA, CRICETIDAE) SUGGEST THE LOCAL EXTINCTION OF THE SPECIES Alexandra M. R. Bezerra Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil. <abezerra@ fst.com.br> ABSTRACT: The genus Gyldenstolpia was recently described and includes two species, G. fronto and G. planaltensis, both very rare. Gyldenstolpia planaltensis had records in only two localities in the central-western Brazil and is endemic to the Cerrado biome. A new locality is added to G. planaltensis, extending its distribution, and was obtained from a specimen housed in a museum collection. Summarized data on the distribution, ecology and natural history of G. planaltensis denotes that this species can be already extinct or committed to extinction because of habitat conversion and habitat loss.
    [Show full text]
  • A Matter of Weight: Critical Comments on the Basic Data Analysed by Maestri Et Al
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13098 CORRESPONDENCE A matter of weight: Critical comments on the basic data analysed by Maestri et al. (2016) in Journal of Biogeography, 43, 1192–1202 Abstract Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016), although we believe that an exploration Recently, Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016) assessed the effect of ecology of the quality of the original data informs both. Ultimately, we sub- and phylogeny on body size variation in communities of South mit that the matrix of body size and the phylogeny used by these American Sigmodontinae rodents. Regrettably, a cursory analysis of authors were plagued with major inaccuracies. the data and the phylogeny used to address this question indicates The matrix of body sizes used by Maestri, Luza, et al. (2016, p. that both are plagued with inaccuracies. We urge “big data” users to 1194) was obtained from two secondary or tertiary sources: give due diligence at compiling data in order to avoid developing Rodrıguez, Olalla-Tarraga, and Hawkins (2008) and Bonvicino, Oli- hypotheses based on insufficient or misleading basic information. veira, and D’Andrea (2008). The former study derived cricetid mass data from Smith et al. (2003), an ambitious project focused on the compilation of “body mass information for all mammals on Earth” We are living a great time in evolutionary biology, where the combi- where the basic data were derived from “primary and secondary lit- nation of the increased power of systematics, coupled with the use erature ... Whenever possible, we used an average of male and of ever more inclusive datasets allows—heretofore impossible— female body mass, which was in turn averaged over multiple locali- questions in ecology and evolution to be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Cytogenetics of Brazilian Rodents: Cytotaxonomy, Chromosome Evolution and New Karyotypic Data
    COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogenAdvances 11(4): 833–892 in cytogenetics (2017) of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution... 833 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.19925 RESEARCH ARTICLE Cytogenetics http://compcytogen.pensoft.net International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics Advances in cytogenetics of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution and new karyotypic data Camilla Bruno Di-Nizo1, Karina Rodrigues da Silva Banci1, Yukie Sato-Kuwabara2, Maria José de J. Silva1 1 Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Corresponding author: Maria José de J. Silva ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Barabanov | Received 1 August 2017 | Accepted 23 October 2017 | Published 21 December 2017 http://zoobank.org/203690A5-3F53-4C78-A64F-C2EB2A34A67C Citation: Di-Nizo CB, Banci KRS, Sato-Kuwabara Y, Silva MJJ (2017) Advances in cytogenetics of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution and new karyotypic data. Comparative Cytogenetics 11(4): 833–892. https://doi. org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.19925 Abstract Rodents constitute one of the most diversified mammalian orders. Due to the morphological similarity in many of the groups, their taxonomy is controversial. Karyotype information proved to be an important tool for distinguishing some species because some of them are species-specific. Additionally, rodents can be an excellent model for chromosome evolution studies since many rearrangements have been described in this group.This work brings a review of cytogenetic data of Brazilian rodents, with information about diploid and fundamental numbers, polymorphisms, and geographical distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neotropical Region Sensu the Areas of Endemism of Terrestrial Mammals
    Australian Systematic Botany, 2017, 30, 470–484 ©CSIRO 2017 doi:10.1071/SB16053_AC Supplementary material The Neotropical region sensu the areas of endemism of terrestrial mammals Elkin Alexi Noguera-UrbanoA,B,C,D and Tania EscalanteB APosgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A primer piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico. BGrupo de Investigación en Biogeografía de la Conservación, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico. CGrupo de Investigación de Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Nariño, Ciudadela Universitaria Torobajo, 1175-1176 Nariño, Colombia. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 18 Australian Systematic Botany, 2017, 30, 470–484 ©CSIRO 2017 doi:10.1071/SB16053_AC Table S1. List of taxa processed Number Taxon Number Taxon 1 Abrawayaomys ruschii 55 Akodon montensis 2 Abrocoma 56 Akodon mystax 3 Abrocoma bennettii 57 Akodon neocenus 4 Abrocoma boliviensis 58 Akodon oenos 5 Abrocoma budini 59 Akodon orophilus 6 Abrocoma cinerea 60 Akodon paranaensis 7 Abrocoma famatina 61 Akodon pervalens 8 Abrocoma shistacea 62 Akodon philipmyersi 9 Abrocoma uspallata 63 Akodon reigi 10 Abrocoma vaccarum 64 Akodon sanctipaulensis 11 Abrocomidae 65 Akodon serrensis 12 Abrothrix 66 Akodon siberiae 13 Abrothrix andinus 67 Akodon simulator 14 Abrothrix hershkovitzi 68 Akodon spegazzinii 15 Abrothrix illuteus
    [Show full text]
  • Acesse a Versão Em
    Guia dos roedores do Brasil, com chaves para gêneros baseadas em caracteres externos C. R. Bonvicino1,2, J. A. de Oliveira 3 e P. S. D’Andrea 2 1. Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro. 2. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro. 3. Setor de Mamíferos, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. O conteúdo desta guia não exprime necessariamente a opinião da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Ficha Catalográfica Bonvicino, C. R. Guia dos Roedores do Brasil, com chaves para gêneros baseadas em caracteres externos / C. R. Bonvicino, J. A. Oliveira, P. S. D’Andrea. - Rio de Janeiro: Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa - OPAS/OMS, 2008. 120 p.: il. (Série de Manuais Técnicos, 11) Bibliografia ISSN 0101-6970 1. Roedores. 2. Brasil. I. Oliveira, J. A. II. D’Andrea, P. S. III. Título. IV. Série. SUMÁRIO Prólogo ......................................................................................................07 Apresentação ........................................................................................... 09 Introdução ................................................................................................ 11 Chaves para as subordens e famílias de roedores brasileiros ............ 12 Chave para os gêneros de Sciuridae com a ocorrência no Brasil ...... 13 Gênero Sciurillus .......................................................................................................14 Gênero Guerlinguetus ...............................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) with an Updated Summary of Valid Tribes and Their Generic Contents
    Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 338 15 July 2016 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TRIBE OF SIGMODONTINE RODENTS (CRICETIDAE: SIGMODONTINAE) WITH AN UPDATED SUMMARY OF VALID TRIBES AND THEIR GENERIC CONTENTS JORGE SALAZAR-BRAVO, ULYSES F. J. PARDIÑAS, HORACIO ZEBALLOS, AND PABLO TETA ABSTRACT We provide a formal recognition to a tribal level clade composed of Andinomys and Puno- mys, two extant sigmodontine genera consistently and repeatedly recovered in the phylogenetic analyses of molecular and morphological data. As currently recognized, this tribe is distributed in middle to high elevations in the Andes of Bolivia, Peru, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina in habitats that range from high elevation grasslands and ecotonal areas to dry Puna. Within this new clade, Punomys appears as the more specialized member as it is fully restricted to rocky outcrops and their immediate surrounding areas at elevations above 4400 m on both sides of the Altiplano. In contrast, Andinomys occupies a broad elevational range (500–4000 m) and multiple habitats, from subtropical mountain forests and semiarid Puna and Prepuna to high altitudinal grasslands. Both taxa share a number of possible synapomorphies (e.g., presence of caudal enlargement of the post-zygapophysis in the second and eighth thoracic vertebrates, unilocular-hemiglandular stomachs with a large corpus and deep incisura angularis, and very similar chromosomal complements) and other diagnostic morphological features. The supratribal phylogenetic relationships of the taxon here named are not resolved even with the moderate amount of molecular data now available. In addition, we present a revised classification for the Sigmodontinae and comment on the content and context of this unique radiation of the Cricetidae.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
    LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Sigmodontine Rodents (Muroidea), with Special Reference to the Akodont Genus Deltamys
    Mamm. biol. 68 (2003) 351±364 Mammalian Biology ã Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/mammbiol Zeitschrift fuÈr SaÈ ugetierkunde Original investigation Phylogenetic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Muroidea), with special reference to the akodont genus Deltamys By G. D'ELIÂA,E.M.GONZAÂLEZ, and U. F. J. PARDINÄ AS The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Laboratorio de EvolucioÂn, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay and Centro Nacional Pa- tagoÂnico, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina Receipt of Ms. 24. 06. 2002 Acceptance of Ms. 13. 01. 2003 Abstract We present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome b gene sequences of sig- modontine rodents. Our particular interest is to estimate the phyletic position of Deltamys, a tax- on endemic to a small portion of the La Plata river basin in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, and to assess its generic status. The three primary conclusions derived from our analyses are: (1) cotton rats (Sigmodon) are the sister group of the remaining sigmodontines, (2) the tribe Akodontini is monophyletic with moderate support, and (3) Deltamys falls outside of a clade containing all spe- cies of subgenera of Akodon yet examined, and thus we grant Deltamys status of full genus. Key words: Akodon, Akodontini, Muroidea, Sigmodontinae, phylogeny Introduction The high diversity of muroid rodents to Thomas (1916, 1918) who recognised the belonging to the New World subfamily Sig- morphologic similarity among Akodon and modontinae has seriously challenged re- some other taxa ranked as genera by him searchers attempting to understand their (e.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials
    Supplementary Materials: Land-use change in PLUC projections Projected changes in land use were taken from previous studies [6,54] investigating the potential land-use changes following scenarios of demand for ethanol in Brazil. This study compares land use in 2012 to land use in 2030 for a reference and an ethanol scenario. Land use in 2012 and 2030 (for both scenarios) is provided in Figure S1, as well as the changes between 2012 and 2030 (for both scenarios) and the difference between the two scenarios in 2030. Tables S1 and S2 show the area of sugarcane expansion and other land-use changes between 2012 and 2030 in the reference scenario and in the ethanol scenario respectively. The area of sugarcane expansion between 2012 and 2030 is larger than the difference in demand for sugarcane cultivation area because in the and-use projections, some of the original sugarcane area in 2012 is lost and established elsewhere. Figure S1. Area (km2) of projected land use and land-use changes in PLUC projections. (A) land use in 2012 and 2030 for the reference scenario (ref) and 2030 for the ethanol scenario (eth); (B) land-use change between 2012 and 2030 for the reference scenario (ref) and the ethanol scenario (eth); (C) difference in land use in 2030 between the ethanol scenario (eth) and the reference (ref). Table S1. Sugarcane expansion and other land-use transitions between 2012 and 2030 in the reference scenario. Other land-use Sugarcane Sugarcane expansion (% of Ecoregion change (km2) expansion (km2) total land-use change) Amazon 97,200 75 0.08 Caatinga 55,225 0 0 Cerrado 197,175 12,225 5.84 Atlantic 64,750 7,225 10.04 Forest Pantanal 57,950 0 0 Pampas 14,125 0 0 Total 487,950 19,525 3.86 Table S2: Sugarcane expansion and other land-use transitions between 2012 and 2030 in the ethanol scenario.
    [Show full text]
  • Paulo Tomasi Sarti
    UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINOS – UNISINOS PROGRAMA DE PÓS -GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA : DIVERSIDADE E MANEJO DE VIDA SILVESTRE TESE DE DOUTORADO CONTRIBUIÇÕES À SISTEMÁTICA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO PREDITIVA DOS ROEDORES JULIOMYS (C RICETIDEA , SIGMODONTINAE ) PAULO TOMASI SARTI PROFA . ORIENTADORA : DRA . LARISSA ROSA DE OLIVEIRA PROF . CO-ORIENTADOR : DR . ALEXANDRE UARTH CHRISTOFF SÃO LEOPOLDO , JANEIRO DE 2016 PAULO TOMASI SARTI CONTRIBUIÇÕES À SISTEMÁTICA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO PREDITIVA DOS ROEDORES JULIOMYS (C RICETIDEA , SIGMODONTINAE ) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia para obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Área de concentração: Biologia –Diversidade e Manejo de Vida Silvestre Orientadora: Dra. Larissa Rosa de Oliveira Co-orientador: Dr. Alexandre Uarth Christoff SÃO LEOPOLDO , JANEIRO DE 2016 S249c Sarti, Paulo Tomasi Contribuições à sistemática e distribuição preditiva dos roedores Juliomys (Cricetidea, Sigmodontinae) / por Paulo Tomasi Sarti. – 2016. 160 f.: il., 30 cm. Tese (doutorado) — Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, 2016. Orientação: Profa. Dra. Larissa Rosa de Oliveira ; Coorientação: Prof. Dr. Alexandre Uarth Christoff. 1. Roedores. 2. Sigmodontinae . 3. Cricetidea. 4. Juliomys . 5. Morfologia. I. Título. CDU 599.32 Catalogação na Fonte: Bibliotecária Vanessa Borges Nunes - CRB 10/1556 “Daria tudo que sei pela metade do que ignoro.” René Descartes ÍNDICE 1. AGRADECIMENTOS ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics of Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Muroidea, Cricetidae), with Special Reference to the Akodont Group, and with Additional Comments on Historical Biogeography
    Cladistics Cladistics 19 (2003) 307–323 www.elsevier.com/locate/yclad Phylogenetics of Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Muroidea, Cricetidae), with special reference to the akodont group, and with additional comments on historical biogeography Guillermo DÕElııaa,b a The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, USA b Laboratorio de Evolucion, Facultad de Ciencias, Igua 4225 esq. Mataojo, Montevideo CP 11400, Uruguay Accepted 6 June 2003 Abstract This is the first cladistic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Two most parsimonious cladograms (7410 steps in length; CI ¼ 0.199; RI ¼ 0.523) were discovered. Sig- modontinae appears well supported. Sigmodon is sister to the remaining living sigmodontines. It is shown that Euneomys is not a phyllotine and that the Reithrodon group is not monophyletic. Results corroborate that the abrothricines form a natural group that is not part of the akodont radiation. The akodontine tribe is well supported, and is composed of five main clades, whose limits and relationships are thoroughly discussed. For instance, the scapteromyines do not form a natural group and they fall within the akodontine clade. Additionally, I present some taxonomic judgments and comments on the historical biogeography of sigm- odontines in the light of the newly discovered relationships. For example, five akodontine divisions are suggested: the Akodon, the Bibimys, the Blarinomys, the Oxymycterus, and the Scapteromys Divisions. It is shown that traditional hypotheses of sigmodontine historical biogeography are falsified by the recovered topology. Ó 2003 The Willi Hennig Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction time it has seriously challenged researchers attempting to study their phylogenetic relationships and classify With about 71 extant genera, muroids of the sub- them accordingly (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Definition and Diagnosis of a New Tribe of Sigmodontine Rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), and a Revised Classification of the Subfamily
    Gayana 71(2): 187-194, 2007. Comunicación breve ISSN 0717-652X DEFINITION AND DIAGNOSIS OF A NEW TRIBE OF SIGMODONTINE RODENTS (CRICETIDAE: SIGMODONTINAE), AND A REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBFAMILY DEFINICION Y DIAGNOSIS DE UNA NUEVA TRIBU DE ROEDORES SIGMODONTINOS (CRICETIDAE: SIGMODONTINAE), Y UNA CLASIFICACION REVISADA DE LA SUBFAMILIA Guillermo D’Elía1, Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas2, Pablo Teta3, & James L. Patton4 1Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. Email: [email protected] 2Centro Nacional Patagónico, Casilla de Correo 128, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. 3Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4º Piso (C1428EHA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA. ABSTRACT A new tribe of sigmodontine rodents is formally defined and diagnosed. The tribe contains the extant genera Abrothrix (including Chroeomys), Chelemys, Geoxus, Pearsonomys, and Notiomys, a group of taxa distributed in the central and southern Andes and lowlands both east and west of the cordillera. The new tribe presents a unique combination of characters including nasals and premaxilla usually projected anterior to the incisors, moderately trumpeted; zygomatic plate with upper free border reduced or obsolete; and third upper molar reduced and sub-cylindrical in out-line with an internal ring-like enamel fossette. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Abrothrix is sister to a clade containing the remaining genera of the new tribe. KEYWORDS: Abrothrix, Chelemys, Chroeomys, Geoxus, Pearsonomys, Notiomys, South America, classification.
    [Show full text]