The Secret Memoirs of Bertha Krupp, from the Papers and Diaries Of
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Family Businesses in Germany and the United States Since
Family Businesses in Germany and the United States since Industrialisation A Long-Term Historical Study Family Businesses in Germany and the United States since Industrialisation – A Long-Term Historical Study Industrialisation since States – A Long-Term the United and Businesses Germany in Family Publication details Published by: Stiftung Familienunternehmen Prinzregentenstraße 50 80538 Munich Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 89 / 12 76 400 02 Fax: +49 (0) 89 / 12 76 400 09 E-mail: [email protected] www.familienunternehmen.de Prepared by: Institut für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5 37073 Göttingen Germany Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hartmut Berghoff Privatdozent Dr. Ingo Köhler © Stiftung Familienunternehmen, Munich 2019 Cover image: bibi57 | istock, Sasin Tipchai | shutterstock Reproduction is permitted provided the source is quoted ISBN: 978-3-942467-73-5 Quotation (full acknowledgement): Stiftung Familienunternehmen (eds.): Family Businesses in Germany and the United States since Indus- trialisation – A Long-Term Historical Study, by Prof. Dr. Hartmut Berghoff and PD Dr. Ingo Köhler, Munich 2019, www.familienunternehmen.de II Contents Summary of main results ........................................................................................................V A. Introduction. Current observations and historical questions ..............................................1 B. Long-term trends. Structural and institutional change ...................................................13 C. Inheritance law and the preservation -
Her Pitiful Story
up In vender. Erect and motionless a* a statue, in his erudite, forcible manner, Judge Eaton quoted the law, applied HER PITIFUL It to a remission of the guilt STORY of the prisoner, and practically ig nored the results of the -evidence. Im- pressed Plea to Judge of Loyal by a realization of the su- Patient perior Wife Restores knowledge of the judge, the KRUPP SCANDAL Liberty jury to retired and brought in a verdict Despairing of—- Prisoner. “Not guilty!" BY FLORENCE That evening a messenger from LILLIAN HENDER- Judge Eaton, under secret orders, left t e home of the Tho last day of the month, the last liberated prisoner, AMAZES le left a month of the year, the hour substantial sum of money last of with the the session of the great doomed Invalid, but did not criminal name the almoner. court in which the famous case of the When he reported state vs. Walden to the man who had sent him on the Reustone, charged mission, with conspiracy to defraud, however, he told of a sudden had flash of unspoken dragged its slow length for a full appreciation and gratitude In the wife’s eyes. GERMANY week such a time, the scene, the cli- It was max. the last flicker of hope in a broken, wasted life. There had been little but the hum- A few minutes drum progress of the law In the case after Judge Eaton had entered his until that day. The judge, William chambers the next Eaton, had morning, two associate judges came listened to the evidence to in his usual subdued him. -
KRUPP Et Al. So-Called KRUPP Trial
KRUPP et al. so-called KRUPP Trial US Military Tribunal Nuremberg, Judgment of 31 July 1948 Page numbers in braces refer to US Military Tribunal Nuremberg, judgment of 31 July 1948, in Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals , Vol. IX 1 JUDGMENT.................................................................................................................3 A. Opinion and Judgment of Military Tribunal III .......................................................... 3 COUNT TWO—PLUNDER AND SPOLIATION...................................................... 12 THE AUSTIN PLANT AT LIANCOURT, FRANCE.................................................. 20 THE ELMAG PLANT LOCATED AT MULHOUSE ................................................. 24 MACHINES TAKEN FROM ALSTHOM FACTORY................................................ 28 MACHINES TAKEN FROM OTHER FRENCH PLANTS........................................ 30 ROGES [RAW MATERIALS TRADING COMPANY].............................................. 31 MACHINES AND MATERIALS REMOVED FROM HOLLAND .............................. 32 INADEQUACY OF AIR RAID PROTECTION......................................................... 54 ILLEGAL USE OF FRENCH PRISONERS OF WAR ............................................. 57 FOREIGN CIVILIAN WORKERS AND CONCENTRATION CAMP INMATES....... 58 LAW ON THE DEPORTATION AND EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN CIVILIAN WORKERS AND CONCENTRATION CAMP INMATES........................................ 84 NECESSITY AS A DEFENSE ............................................................................... -
Keupp Scandal Amazes Germany
KEUPP SCANDAL 1 Don’t pay five profit* J I That’s what you do when you buy of your local! I lumber dealer. Buy of us and you buy of the producer. We ar ,l ¦ one of the biggest independent lumber companies in America; O uJ AMAZES ¦ thousands upon thousands of acres of choice Western timber. Do oujl II own cutting, logging, railroading) operate six huge mills, whtrjl ¦ we produce every day 20 or 30 carloads of lumber and millwort I I Buy direct from our six mills I ¦ Besides 40jfc to 60 % saving in price we offer you better mate. I GERMANY IH rials, efficient delivery service and guaranteed satisfaction, I 181 ' Immediate shipments I B q We carry immense stocks. Miles and O&V© miles of lumber piles and warehouse! I At\Of CAOf groaning with millwork await your order. I W/0 tO OU /0 ali shipments within 24 to 4« hour* on A fir soo I Better qualityguaranteed B tknher tracts are in the famous Puget Tne big expense of a silo is the B Sound region. Noted for big trees. Our material. By saving 40% to B lumber is straight, free from sap and knots. 60% on this item you can get ¦ Exceedingly durable. | a silo of finest quality fir, at the I _ . ?*. tuual of inferior material. - cost, I MSS.KRUPP \'ZIZr3CW&W, om'of r. No wood in the world better for B necessary burden of five middlemen. Get owners Of'KKITPRS silos than Puget Sound region fir. B our direct-to-you figures. -
MILITARY TRIBUNAL NO. Case No.10 the United States of America
MILITARY TRIBUNAL NO. Case No.10 The United States of America against Alfreid Krupp et al, Defendants BASIC INFORMATION SUMMARY Submitted by the CH IEF OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES Nurnberg; Germany INDEX Preface . I. GLOSSARY Part I.. Abbreviations Part II. Terms with Translations . 16 II. Organization of German Economic Controls- With Particular Reference to the Iron and Steel and the Coal Industries A. Private and Semi-Public Bodies. 1. Pre-Hitler Germany. a. Industrial Associations 25 b. Market Regulating Associations , 26 Changes under the Third Reich a. Industrial Associations 0 0 28 b. Market Regulating Associations • • B. Government Economic Agencies 1. Military Economic Agencies o the Wehrmacht . 4 • 2. The Ministry of Economics Economic RWM 37 3. The Office o f the Four Year Plan (Vierjahresplan) . 39 4. Central Planning Board Plan(Zentraleung) 5. The Speer Ministry . 4O 6. Reich Ministr y of Labor (Reichsarbeits- ministerium. - RAM) . 43 The Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation (Generalbevollmaechtigtor fuer den Arbeitseinsatz) III. Forms of German Business Enterprises A. Comparisons with American Forms and American Law 1.Persons2.B. Gesellschaft GermanAktiengesellschaft Enterprisesmit beschrankter which Haftung are (C.m.b.H.) (A.G.)Juristic 49 3. Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft .. 50 C. German Enterprises which are not Juristic Persons 1. The Einzelhamdelsfirma3.2. OffeneKommanditgesellschaft Handelsgesellschaft (Private (c.H.G.)(K.G.)Firm) D. Combinations of German Business Enterprises 1. "Konzern" (Concern) . , 4 . 2. "Interessen Gemeinschaft" 9 e . e 52 "Ka rtell" (Cartel) . k G c f . 53 "Syndikat" (Syndicate). * * 4 53 Special Statutory Cartels . i + 53 Corporate Affiliations under Gorman Tax Law- (the "Schachtel -PrivilLege") . ^ 5.4 History, Structure and Organization of Fried, Krupp A. -
I N T R O D U C T I O N a Nation and a Name
Copyrighted Material INTRODUCTION A Nation and a Name Alfred Krupp made the name Krupp into a German icon. For him, it was not a coincidence that the dramatic period of expansion of the small enterprise that his father had established in 1811 coincided with the creation of the German Empire. He proudly announced to Wilhelm I, the new emperor, that they were now living in the “steel age.” Kaiser Wilhelm I and Bismarck were both quick to see and confirm the parallels between the new politics and the new business. But the identification between the house of Krupp and the German political order did not stop with the death of Krupp in 1887 or of Wilhelm I in 1888. Krupp’s son, Friedrich Alfred, cultivated an even closer relationship with Wilhelm I’s grandson, Kaiser Wil helm II. The new business culture reflected the kaiser’s own search for modernity and greatness. For Adolf Hitler, Krupp was also an icon. In Mein Kampf and again in 1935 at the Nuremberg party rally, Hitler exhorted German youth to be as “quick as a greyhound, as tough as leather, and as hard as Krupp steel.”1 Some people quibbled that Krupp steel was notably resilient (because slightly mal leable) rather than hard, but the company liked the anal ogy at the time. In 1945 at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, where Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was indicted as one of twenty-four major Copyrighted Material INTRODUCTION war criminals, prosecutor Robert Jackson also used Krupp as a symbol: “Four generations of the Krupp family have owned and operated the great armament and munitions plants which have been the chief source of Germany’s war supplies. -
Assessiug the Historical Significance of Krupp Company Housing from Its Origins Through the Nationajl Socialist Era, 1855-1941
Constructing fe in tâ t in the Ruhr Valley: Assessiug the Historical Significance of Krupp Company Housing from its Origins through the Nationajl Socialist Era, 1855-1941 by Cedric Bolz B A , Simon Fraser University, 1991 P.O.P., Simon Fraser University, 1993 M.A., Simon Fraser University, 1996 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr. Tom ^^nd^S, Sup^yisor (Department of History) Dr. "Bferry BiMescombe, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. David Zimmerman, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Peter Liddell, Outside Member (Department of Germanic and Russian Studies) Dr. Susan Henderson, External Examiner (School of Architecture, University of Syracuse) © Cedric Bolz, 2003 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying. or other means, without the permission of the author. ABSTRACT Ill As the central pillar of the Krupp steel firm’s much-publicized company welfare initiatives, employee housing has played a vital role in shaping Krupp’s corporate identity from 1855 to the present. The central objective of this dissertation is to examine and critically assess primary and secondary sources written about Krupp housing in order to determine its historical meaning and impact. Previous historical writings on Krupp have predominantly overlooked the fact that at the conclusion of World War One, Essen’s Friedrich Krupp A G was not only Germany’s largest steel producer and leading armaments manufacturer, but with over 12,000 units constructed also the nation’s largest private sector provider of housing. -
Law Reports of Trial of War Criminals, Volume X, the I.G. Farben And
LAW REPORTS OF TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS Selected and prepared by THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION VOLUME X THE I.G. FARBEN AND KRUPP TRIALS LONDON PUBLISHED FOR THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE 1949 Price 5S. ad. net LAW REPORTS OF TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS SELECTED AND PREPARED BY THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION One of the aims of this series of Reports is to relate in summary form the course of the most important of the proceedings taken against persons accused ofcommitting war crimes during the Second World War, apart from the major war criminals tried by the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunals. but including those tried by United States Military Tribunals at Nuremberg. Of necessity, the trials reported in these volumes are examples only, since the trials conducted before the various Allied Courts number well over a thousand. The trials selected for reporting, however. are those which are thought to be of the greatest interest legally and in which important points of municipal and international law arose and were settled. Each report, however. contains not only the outline of the proceedings in the trial under review, but also, in a separate section beaded" Notes on the Case ", such comments of an explanatory nature on the legal matters arising in that trial as it has been thought useful to include. These notes provide also. at suitable points, general summaries ~d analyses of the decisions of the courts on specific points of law derived primarily from a study of relevant trials already reported upon in the series. -
Krupp Und Die Stadt Essen TR 5, 2019
1 KruppTR und die Stadt Essen 5 2 3 Themenroute 5 KruppTR und die Stadt Essen 5 4 5 Inhalt Einleitung Standorte der Themenroute 5 Anfänge . 7 Villa Hügel . 20 . Erlöserkirche Essen . 34 . Gedenkstein Walkmühle . 52 . Durchbruch und Aufstieg . 8 . Hügel Park . 21 . Siedlung Friedrichshof . 36 Colosseum Theater . 53 Expansion . 12 . Siedlung Am Brandenbusch . 22 . Margarethenhöhe . 37. Ehemaliges Press- und Hammerwerk . .54 Konsolidierung und Bahnhof Hügel . 23 . Halbachhammer . 40. Alfred Krupp-Denkmal an der Modernisierung . 14. Parkhaus Hügel . 24 Gedenktafel Humboldtstraße . 41 Marktkirche . 55 Krieg und Zerstörung . 16 Wasserwerk Wolfsbachtal . 25 Siedlung Heimaterde . 42 Widia-Fabrik . .56 . Neubeginn und Wiederaufstieg . 16 . Evangelische Kirche Werden . 26. Siedlung Alfredshof . 43 . Ehemalige Krupp-Hauptverwaltung . 57 Neubestimmung und Global Player . 18 ETUF . .27 . Siedlung Luisenhof . 44 Tiegelgussdenkmal . 58 Krupp-Familienfriedhof . 28 Siedlung Pottgießerhof . .45 . Stammhaus Krupp . 59 Siedlung Altenhof I . 29 . Tunnel Grunertstraße . .46 . ThyssenKrupp Quartier . 60 . Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus . 30 . Bürohaus West . 47 . Altenhofkapelle . 31 Friedrichsbad . 48 Pfründnerhäuser . 32 Ehemalige Bierhalle Kronenberg . 49 Siedlung Altenhof II . 33. Zeche Vereinigte Helene-Amalie . 50 Impressum . 61 . Krupp‘sche Beamtenhäuser . .34 . Lokomotivfabrik und Werksbahn . 51 . Der Autor . 61 6 7 aufgebauten Kruppschen Stammhauses auf einem 20 Hektar großen Teilgelände der alten Gussstahlfabrik setzt nicht nur städtebauliche und architektonische Maß- stäbe, sondern stellt auch ein Bekennt- nis zur über 200-jährigen Geschichte und Tradition des Unternehmens in Essen dar . Anfänge Der erste Nachweis des Namens Krupp in Essen geht auf Arnold (Arndt) Krupp (Kru- pe) zurück, der 1587 in die Essener Kaufgilde aufgenommen wurde . Er handelte mit Wein, Lebensmitteln, Vieh und Eisenwaren und Mechanische Werkstatt am Limbecker Tor, 1912; Postkarte nach einem Gemälde von Otto Bollhagen . -
[Nuremberg] Military Tribunal, Indictments
MILITARY TRIBUNALS CASE NO. 10 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -against- ALF~"ED FELIX ALWIN KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, EWALD OSKAR LUDWIG LOESER, EDUARD HOUDREMONT, ERICH MUELLER, FRIEDRICH WILHELM JANSSEN" KARL HEINRICH PFIRSCH, MAX OTTO IHN, KARL ADOLF FERDINAND EBERHARDT, HEINRICH LEO KORSCHAN, FRIEDRICH VON BUELOW, I WERNER WILHELM HEINRICH LEHMANN, HANS ALBERT GUSTAV KUPKE Defendants OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (US) NDRNBERG 1947 - 48 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/1669cf/ PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/1669cf/ The United States of America, by th~ undersigned Telford Taylor, Chief of Counsel for W,ar Crimes, duly 'appointed to represent said Go vernment in the prosecutdon of war criminals, charges that the defen lIliants her.ein committed Crimes 'against Peace, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, and participated in a common plan and cOIllSpiracy to commit Crimes a~ainst Peace, all as defined in Control Council Law Number 10, duly enacted by the Allied Contro~ Council on 20 December 1945. These crimes included plianning, preparing, initiating and wa.gdng wars of aggression and invasions of other countries, ,as a result of which incalclliable destruction was wrought throughout -the world, millions of people were killed and many millions more suffered and are still suffering; deportation to slave ~Iabor of members of the civilian popula tion of the invaded countries and the enslavement, mistreatment, torture and murder of millions of persons, including German nationals as well as foreign nationals; plunder and spoliation of public and pl1ivate pro perty in the invaded countries pursuant to delibel'ate plans and poldcies intended' not only to strengthen Germany in liaunchirug its invasions gnd waging its aggr,essive wars and to secure the permanent domination by Germany of the continent of Europe, but also to expand the private em pire of .the defendants'; and other grave crimes as ~et forth in this In dictment. -
The Arms of Krupp Pdf Free Download
THE ARMS OF KRUPP PDF, EPUB, EBOOK William Manchester | 992 pages | 01 Feb 2013 | Little, Brown & Company | 9780316529402 | English | New York, United States The Arms of Krupp PDF Book As the eldest son of Bertha Krupp , Alfried was destined by family tradition to become the sole heir of the Krupp concern. The earliest Krupps worked in steel, and their comparative advantage was quality and innovation. When Napoleon began his blockade of the British Empire see Continental System , British steel became unavailable, and Napoleon offered a prize of four thousand francs to anyone who could replicate the British process. He was an alcoholic and died of cancer in , aged 48, years after Arndt Krupp arrived in Essen. This activity became the basis for the charge of "plunder" at the war crimes trial of Krupp executives after the war. Alfred took over the Krupp works, a small impoverished factory and a run down cottage, owned and operated by his unlucky father, at the age of Fritz was a master of the subtle sell, and cultivated a close rapport with the Kaiser, Wilhelm II. Alfred, who had a son, Arndt, by a brief first marriage which his mother had forced him to end, finding the bride too low class , married again, to an erratic, but vivacious, gold digger. Their artillery pieces rained death down on the trenches during WWI. It helped that all the Krupp patriarchs were practicing engineers, deeply involved in the design and construction of implements, whether martial or peaceful, and they were only too willing to re-invest every penny of profit in continuing the growth of the business. -
Corporate Complicity: from Nuremberg to Rangoon' an Examination of Forced Labor Cases and Their Impact on the Liability of Multinational Corporations
Corporate Complicity: From Nuremberg to Rangoon' An Examination of Forced Labor Cases and Their Impact on the Liability of Multinational Corporations By Anita Ramasastry* "Corporations have neither bodies to be punished, nor souls to be condemned. They therefore do as they like." -Edward, 1st Baron Thurlow, English Jurist and Lord Chancellor (1731-1806) 2 INTRODUCTION Can multinational corporations (MNCs) violate the law of nations? If so, how should nation-states deal with them when they are perpetrators? 3 In recent 1. Rangoon is the capital city of Burma. Myanmar is the name for Burma in the Burmese language. The country is currently ruled by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), which took power in a 1988 coup, suspending the legislature and the judiciary. In 1989, the Burmese military government issued a decree that the country be known by the name of Myanmar. Since then, Burma has been referred to as Myanmar in Burmese government publications. The name Burma is still very much in use both unofficially and by other nations that do not recognize the present military government. * Assistant Professor of Law and Associate Director, Shidler Center for Law, Commerce & Technology, University of Washington School of Law. The author served as a Senior Legal Advisor and Attorney for the Claims Resolution Tribunal for Dormant Accounts in Switzerland during 1998. The author would like to thank Professor Richard Buxbaum for his support of her research concern- ing the Second World War and the current reparations debate, as well as Professor Joan Fitzpatrick for her guidance. Additional thanks arc due to the Reference Librarians at Gallagher Law Library and Jess Marden for their unflagging dedication and assistance, and to Professor Walter J.