MILITARY TRIBUNAL NO. Case No.10 the United States of America

Home , Alfred Krupp, Bertha Krupp, Friedrich Alfred Krupp, Friedrich Krupp, Krupp, Moder (river)

MILITARY TRIBUNAL NO. Case No.10

The United States of America against

Alfreid Krupp et al, Defendants

BASIC INFORMATION SUMMARY

Submitted by the

CH IEF OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES

Nurnberg; Germany

INDEX

Preface . .

I. GLOSSARY Part I.. Abbreviations

Part II. Terms with Translations . 16 II. Organization of German Economic Controls- With Particular Reference to the Iron and Steel and the Coal Industries A. Private and Semi-Public Bodies.

1. Pre-Hitler Germany.

a. Industrial Associations 25

b. Market Regulating Associations , 26

Changes under the Third Reich

a. Industrial Associations 0 0 28

b. Market Regulating Associations • •

B. Government Economic Agencies

1. Military Economic Agencies o the Wehrmacht . . 4 • 2. The Ministry of Economics Economic RWM 37

3. The Office o f the Four Year Plan (Vierjahresplan) . . 39

4. Central Planning Board Plan(Zentraleung)

5. The Speer Ministry . 4O 6. Reich Ministr y of Labor (Reichsarbeits- ministerium. - RAM) . 43 The Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation (Generalbevollmaechtigtor fuer den Arbeitseinsatz) III. Forms of German Business Enterprises A. Comparisons with American Forms and American Law

1.Persons2.B. Gesellschaft GermanAktiengesellschaft Enterprisesmit beschrankter which Haftung are (C.m.b.H.) (A.G.)Juristic 49

3. Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft .. 50 C. German Enterprises which are not Juristic Persons

1. The Einzelhamdelsfirma3.2. OffeneKommanditgesellschaft Handelsgesellschaft (Private (c.H.G.)(K.G.)Firm)

D. Combinations of German Business Enterprises

1. "Konzern" (Concern) . . , 4 . .

2. "Interessen Gemeinschaft"

9 e . e 52

"Ka rtell" (Cartel) . . k G c f . 53

"Syndikat" (Syndicate). . 4 53

Special Statutory Cartels . . i + 53 Corporate Affiliations under Gorman Tax Law- (the "Schachtel -PrivilLege") . ^ 5.4 History, Structure and Organization of Fried, Krupp

A. Historical Outline of the Krupp Family and Enterprise to 1914 . 4, y. ♦ l5 Corporate and Plant Structure

1. Changes. in Form . . . . 4 59

-ii -- ■

2. Relationship of the Governing Bodies

Structure of the Complex Plant Section of Fried Krupp

0, Daughter Companies . . . . . . 63

C. Smaller Subsidiaries .. . . . . 63 64 d. Mines . . . . . . . a 04 e. Plants in Occupied Territories

f. Foreign Agencies and Subsidiaries 611 C. Management Organization

1. General Organization . . . . . 66

2. Vorstand 67 3 Deputies and Dezernents , 68

L Minor Departments 69

5. Gruppenvorstand . . • • • \ • • • • 69

6. Parallel Organization . o • • • I 69 Abwehrbeauftragter (Counter-Intelligence Agent) . . . .. . ... . . 0 a 0 0 ... 70 70

Fuehrer des Betriebes and Batriebs- fuehrer ...... 70 70

9. Plants outside Essen .. . • • • . . . 72

10. Plants in Occupied Territory . . . . . 72 V, Map, Charts and Tables

A. Reich Plants. .75 79 B. Principal Companies . • • . . . . • • .. , • 76

C. Management, 1934-36 ...... • 77 77i

D, Management, 1936-37 ...... 78

E. Management, 1937-38 • • ...... 79 F. Management, 1938-41

G. Management, 1941-42

H. Management, Apr. 1945- Dec. 1943

J. Management, 1943-45

K. Memberships in Some Governing Bodies Menbership Aufsichtsrat, Fried, Krupp A,G. Essen

Membership-, Vorstand, Fried; Krupp A,G., Essen

Membership, Vorstand Fried., Krupp Grus onwerkc A.G.., Magdeburg

4. Membership, Aufsichtsrat, ;uer Unternehmungen der Eisen und Stall- industrie, Berlin

5. Membershj.p, Aufoiohtsrat, Fried. Krupp, Germaniawerft A.G., Kiel . . • • 91 6, Membership Vorstand, Fried.. Krupp, Germaniawer3ft., G.., Kiel . . •

7., Membership, Aufsichtsrat, Fried, Grusonwerke, A.G., Magdeburg 8. Membership, Vorstand, A.G. fuer Unter- nehmungen der Eisen und Stahlindustrie This Basic Information. Summary is submitted as a ready

reference manual of background and organizational materiale Some of the items, i.e. the charts, will be offered in evidence at the proper tine, as will, also, documents and testimony sup- porting all matters relevant to the issues to be tried. It is not intended that the Basic information Summary itself be considered as evidence.

There were constant changes in the economic structure of Nazi Germany. New bodies and agencies were created to meet new problems, and functions were shifted from one to another, often without clear lines of demarcation or authority. The part

Organization of German Economic Controls contains b rief

descriptions of the more important private and semi-public bodies

and government agencies concerned with the control of military and war economy in Germany before and during the period of the

Third Reich. A number of bodies and agencies have been omittied, since they are not directly involved in the present proceedings.

However,so de- b y no means all of those which are so involved or

cribed herein and the secti on on Government

is confined almost entirel y to the period of the Third Reich.

Forms of German Business Enterprise is based upon several

sources, including the teachings and and practice of G erman law, and on standa r d works, particularly:

Erich Fechner , DIE TREUBINDUNGEN DES AKTIONAERS ,(Weimar: 1942). VerlagHermann Boehlaus Nachfolger Robert Liefmann, KARTELLE, KONZERNE- UND TRUSTS , (Stuttgart: Ernst Heinrich Moritz, 1930), Robert Teichmann und Walter Koehler-. AKTIENGESETZ, Konmentar (Berlin: Verlag Franz Vahlem, 1939)0 The information on which the Historical Outline is based was obtained chiefly from the following works:

KRUPP, A CENTURYS HISTORY OF THE KRUPP WORKS, 1812-1912 (English language edition of the Commemorative. Volume edited by the Krupp Works, 1912)

Wilhelm Berdrow, THE KRUPPS (Berlin. Verlag fuer Sozialpolitik, Wirtschaft und Statistik, 1937). The German language editions, 1937 and 1943, are entitled ALFRED KRUPP The author was head of the historical department of Fried, Krupp, Essen.

Bernhard Manne, BLOOD AND STEEL (Now York: Lee Furman, Inc " 1938); British ) English language edition, 1937, entitled KRUPP, THE LORDS OF ESSEN, The sections on Corporate and Plant Structure and , Map, Charts and Tables outline the structure and how the individual defendants fitted into it. The outline does

not attempt to define the nature of the organization of

KRUPP in relation to many of the subsidiary enterprises which were owned, controlled or influenced by it; nor does it attempt to describe all of the internal organizational

arrangements within the parent enterprise,

VI PART. I.

ABBREVIATIONS with Explanations and Translations

English)

Einkauf Purchasing Department

All Einkauf Allgemeine General Purchasing Department Abteilung

Abt.V Abteilungsvorsteher Department Chief

ADB Arbeitsgemeinschaft Working Community of deutscher Betriebsin- German Plant engineers genieure

AEF Ausschuss fuer Ein- Committee for standards and heiten u. Formalgroessen formulas

AEL Arbeitserziehungslager Disciplinary Labor Camp

Artillerie Konstruktion Artillery Designing

AKS Artillerie Konstruktion Artillery Designing Akten files

AlMb Allgemeiner Maschinenbau General mechanical engineering

Alna Allgemeiner Lokomotive-- General Locomotive. Standards Normenausschuss Committee

Anltg. Anleitung Instructions

APP I Apparatebau I Instrument workshop I.

APPA Apparatebau Instrument Construction

AR Abteilung f. Rechnungs- Accountancy and Statistics wesen und Statistik im Section of the Purchasing Einkauf Department

ATL Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tech- Working Community for Techno- nik in der Landwirtschaft logy in Agriculture

Ausf. Ausfertigung Copy

AWF .Ausschuss fuer wirt- Committeemanufactiure for economical schaftliche Fertigung

Abnahmezentrale Inspection department Works library Werksbuecherei BA Baggerbaur-KonstructionBankabteilung Banking Department

BB1Bagko Dredger-Designing Department

Baubuero Civil Engineering Office

BBRBID h Betriebsbuchhalterei Plant Bookkeeping Office

Bergbau und Bergbauroha Mining and raw materials stoffe for mining

Beko Blechbearbeitungskon- Designing of Sheet Metal struktion Products

Bem. Bemerkung Note

BERG Fachnormen des Bergbaues Technical Standards for the Mining Industry

Bet ab Betriebsabrechnungsbuero Plant accounting office

Bewe Blechbearbeitungs-Werkstatt Sheet Metal Processing Workshop

BfA Buero fuer-Arbeiter- Workers relations office angelegenheiten

BfAv Buero fuer Angesteliten- Employees° insurance office versicherung

Bft Brief telegramm Letter telegram

BH Buecherhalle Library

BHO Berg und Berg- und Huettengesell- HHuettengesellschaft Ost schaff Ost

B1 Blechpresserei Sheet metal pressing shop

BLN Berlin Abbr. for Krupp s Berlin office

Blw Blechwalzwerk Sheet Metal Bolling Mill

Blwst Blechwerkstaette Sheet Metal Workshop b .R. bitte Ruecksprache Consultation requested Buch BuchhaltungBetriebsbuchhalterei der Bookkeeping Office for Plant Accounts

BW Besuchswesen Visitors Department - 3 - Datsch Deutscher Ausschuss German Committee for fuer technisches Schul— technical Education wesen

Ddorf Duesseldorf Abbr. for "Duesseldorf"

DENOG Fachnormen des Duetschen Technical Standards of the Gesellschaft fuer ehe— German Society for Chemi- misches Apparatewesen cal Apparatus

DIN DNA Deutsche Industrie—Norm German industrial standards

Deutscher Normen Aus— German Standards Committee schuss

Dr A Druckluftanlagen Compressed Air Plants

D. R. G. M. Deutsches Reichsge- German registered design brauchsmuster

D.R.P. (angemeldet) German Reich patent Deutsches Reichspatent (applied for) (angemeldet)

D.R.u. Deutsche Revisions- und Deutsche Revisions und. T.AG. Treuhand A. G. Treuhand A.G.

Druekschriftenverwaltung Printed matter Administration

DVM Fachnormen des Deutschen Standards of the German Verbandes fuer die Association for testing Ma-terialpruefungen der of technical materials Technik

Drahtwalzwerk Wire—rolling mill

DWM — AG Deutsche Waffen— und Deutsche Waffen- und - Munitions A.G. Munitions A.G.

E Eisenbahnverwaltung Railroad Administration

Erzbuero Ore department

Ebau Eisenbahnbau Railroad Construction

Ebe Eisenbahnbetrieb Railroad Service 4-- Edlag Edelstahllager Refined steel Warehouse

Eila Eisenlager Iron Warehouse

Ela Electrische Anlagen Department for electric installations

Elna Engerer Lokomotiv-Normen CommitteeCentral Locomotive Standards .Ausschuss

ELW Elektrostahlwerk Electron Steel Plant

Eteb Eisenbahntechnisches Railroad technical Buero Office

E.V.O. Eisen Eisenvereinigung Eisenvereinigung Ost Ewe Eisenbahnbetriebswerh Railroad Service work- staetten shops

Feuerwehr Fire Brigade

F.,Nr. Fabriknummer Plant registration number

Faberg Fachnormenausschuss Technical standards fuer den Bergbau committee for mining industry

FAH Friedrich Alfred-Huette Friedrich Alfred-Huette. Rheinhausen Rheinhausen

Fahrzeugbau Vehicle Construction

F Blw Feinblechwalzwerk. Thin Sheet Metal Rolling Mill

FEN Fachnormen dés Reichs Technical Standards of vereins Deutscher the German Reich Feuerwehr--Ingenieure Association of Fire Brigade Engineers

Fe- und. Eisen- und Mangangehalt Ferrous and manganese Mn ,Gehalt content

FGB Fabrikationsbuero Gruppe Technical Bureau of Sheet Blechbearbeitung Metal Processing Group

Fina Finanzabteilung Finance Department

Friedr. Krupp Friedr. Krupp

Flei Flugzeug-Eisenbahnverkehr Air-Rail- traffic

F St Firmastempel firm stamp

FT Funktelegraphie radio, telegraphy

Feuerversicherung Fire-insurance

FW Federwerkstatt Spring shop

Fuhrwesen Trucking

GüterabfertigungGemeinschaftsbuero Trade community office

GA Freight Handling Department

GéwoGera Geraeteabteilung Gun Equipment Department

Abteilung fuer gemischt- Department for housing wirtschaftliches Wohnungs- settlement based on wesen compound economy

Gfbk (or) • Cast--steel-Works Gfk Gusstahlfabrik (Krupps Main work in Essen)

G.f.T. Gesellschaft fuer Teer- Gesellschaft fuer Teer- verwertung verwertung

GHH Gutehoffnungshuette Gutehoffnungshuette

Gies Giesserei Foundry

Gina Giesséreinormen- Foundry Standards Aasschuss Committee

Gl Gluehhaus Annealing Plant

GLB Gemeinschaft des Legie- Association for alloy rungserzbergwerkes ore mining

Gl. Glaser Pflaum Co. Glaser Pflaum Co. Pf l .

Grapha Graphische Anstalt Printing Plant

Growe Gruppen-Kanzlei Grobblechwerkstatt Plate Workshop

Gru Group Secrétariat

Gru Lowa Gruppen-Kanzlei Loko- Group Secretariat for motiv und Wagenbau cLocomotivear-Construction and Gr. V. Gruppenvorstand Group Chief

Giessereizentrale Central Office for Foundries

Gsk Gesenknummer Drop-Forging serial number

GW Gas und Wasserwerk Ohs and Water works

GwK Grusonwerk Grusonwerk

Gwt. Germaniawerft Germaniawerft

Guetezahl Degree of Quality

Hbh Huptbuchhalterei Main Bookkeeping Department

HGW-Stahl "Hermann Goering" "Hermann Goering" GmbH Werke Stahlgemeinschaft Werke Stahlgemeinschaft mbH mbH

HIV Hauptlager-Verwaltung Main Ware housing Admini- stration

ENA Handelsschiff Normen- Standards Committee ausschuss for Merchant Vessels

Holab Holleritabteilung "Hollerith" Department

HVB Hauptverwaltungsbuero Main Administration Office

HVG Hauptverwaltungs Main Administration Building ebaeude -g

HVK Hauptverwaltung des Coal Mining Main Administrer- Kohlenbergbaues tion

HWA Heereswaffenamt Army Ordnance Office

Hwke Hammerwerke Hammerworks

Hwke F Formschmiede Moulding Forge

Hwke G Gelenkschmiede Drop Forge

Hwke H Hammerschmiede Hammer Forge

IFB Abteilung Industrie und Industrial and Narrow Gauge Feldbahnen Railroad. Department

IFko Industrie und Feld- Industrial and Narrow Gauge bahnkonstruction Railroad Designing Ifwe Industrial and Narrow Gauge Railroad Shop

Im Generalstab on the General Staff

Italianische Militaer- Italian Military Internees internierte

in Vertretung 1. Deputy Handlungsbevollmaechtigter2. on behalf of (in case of

signing on behalf of firm)

Kb Kleinbau Screw Plant

KB Kohlenbuero Coal Office

KeA Kesselanlagen Boiler Plants

KEH Krupp Eisenhandel GmbH Krupp Eisenhandel GmbH Duesseldorf Duesseldorf

K.g. Kenntnis genommen noted.

KHA KHA, KRS, KHW KHWICHS . Kontore des Verkaufs I Offices of Sales Department No.. I

KM Kriegsmaterial War Material

KMK Kriegsmaterial Kanzlei Secretariat for War Material

KNSt Kontor fuer neue Stable Office for new steels in im Verkauf I Sales Deparment No. I

Fachnormen des Kraftfahr- Technical Standards of baues Truck Manufacturing Association

Krawa Kraftwagenbau Motor Vehicle Construction

Krawa Kraftwagenbau Motor Vehicle Repair Shop Inst Instandsetzung

KrG Kraftwagen Garagen Garages

Krumo Schriftleitung Krupp- Editorial Office of Krupp sche Monatshefte Works monthly Review Kuha Kurbelwellen, Hamburg Grankshaft plant, Hamburg

K.u.R Kessel und Rahmenbau Boiler and Frame Construction Bau

Kuwe Kurbelwellen Werkstatt, Grankshaft Shop

Kt Kanzlei Secretariat

Lab Chem. Laboratorium Chemical Laboratory

Lafa Landmaschinenfabrik Agricultural machine plant

Landm. Landwirtschaftliche Agricultural machines Maschinen

L Bau Lokomotivebau Locomotive Construction

Lehrw. Lehrwerkstatt Instruction Shop

L.F.H. Leichte Feld-Haubitze Light field howitzer

Lg S Lagerplatz Segeroth Scrap Dump Segeroth

LHW Lagerhaus Westendstrasse Warehouse Westendstrasse

Konstruktionsabteilung Locomotive Designing fuer Lokomotiven Department

LON Fachnormen des Loko- Technical standards for motivbaues locomotive construction

Iowa Lokomotiv und Wagenbau Locomotive and Car construction

Iowa A Iowa Abnahme Locomotive and Oar Inspection Department

Lowa K Iowa Kostenermittlung Locomotive and Car Cost-Calculating Depart- ment

Iowa LH Iowa Lagerhaus Locomotive and Car Storehouse

Iowa V Lowe, Verkauf Locomotive and Car Sales Department

L St Listenstempel List. stamp

1.W. lichte Weite Inside diameter Maschinenbau Machine Construction

MbK KostenermittlungMaschinenbau Machine Construction Cost- Calculating Department

MbN KostennachrechnungMaschinenbau Machine Construction Cost Checking

Mi Mikro tast-Werkstatt Mikrotast gauge shop

-Konstrukti on Mechanical engineering Mk Maschinen Monatslohn monthly wages

Mp.Mod Modellnummer Model serial number

Schiessplatz Meppen Firing Bange Meppen

MuMS Modellschreinerei Model Building Shop

Museum Museum mW MV Martinwerk Open Hearth Plant

mechanische Werkstatt mechanical Workshop

N Normenabteilung Standards Department

Normnummer Standard numbers

NPos Normalposition (nur f. Normal position (for elekt . Abteil.) electrical department only)

NV Normenvordruck Standard form

Obko Oberbaukonstruktion Permanent way designing

Oblagf. Oberlagerfuehrung Main Administration for workers " camps

Obwe Oberbauwerkstatt Permament way Work shop

ON Ofenmaurere i Furnace Departmentconstruction

"0smag" Oberschlesische Maschi- Oberschlesische Maschi- nen und Waggonfabrik AG nen und Waggonfabrik AG -10- OT Organisation Todt Organisation Todt

PA Probieranstalt Testing Department

Pak (Panzer Abwehrkanone anti–tank gun

P-arme– Phosphorarme Erze Ores with low phosphorus Erze content

P AUSl. Patentausleihe Patent License Department

PB Patentbuero Patent Office

Pb Panzerbau Armor construction

PbA Preisbildung Ausland Price Determination Department for foreign contracts

PbI Preisbildung Inland Price Determination Department for home contracts

Roheisenbuereau Pig Iron Office • RAL Reichsausschuss fuer Reich Committee for Lieferbedingungen delivery Conditions

RATN Reichsamt Technische Reich Office of Technical Nothilfe Emergency Corps

Rheinmetall Borsig RB Rheinmetall Borsig

RDA Reichsverband der Auto- Reich Association of the mobilindustrie Automobile Industry

Refa Reichsausschuss fuer Reich Committee for Arbeitszeitermittlung Determining working hours

Regifa Registrierkassenfabrik Cash Register Plant

Repels senbaumontgeReparaturbetriebe--Ei Repair Shops–Steel Structure Assembly

RH RechnungsrevisionsbueroRhederei Shipping Agency

BBB Auditing Department

RRW Radreifenwalzwerk Tire Rolling Mill

RSW Radsatzwerkstatt Wheel Set Shop

Ru I Ruestungsinspektion Armament Inspection Ruck Ruestungskommando Regional Armament Office (or)Rkde

Rueckstb.Raestungskommando Stab Staff of the Regional Armament Office

RV Ruestungsverkauf Armament sales

RW Reparaturwerkstt Repair Shop

HW HG AG Reichewerke "Hermann Reichswerke "Hermann Goering" AG Goerine" AG

RWKS Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Rhine-Westphalian Coal Kohlensyndikat Syndicate

RWW Fachnormen der Rheinisch- Technical Standards of Westf. Werkgruppe Rhine-.Westphalian Works Group

Sawag Sauerstoff-Wasserstoff Oxygen and Hydrogen Pro- Gewinnungsanlagen duction Plants

S Steinwerk Ringofen- Fire brick works, Rotary ziegelei Kiln Brick Works

SA SelbstkostenabteilungSchmiedestuecke fuer. Cost calculating Department for Forgings

Sattl Sattlerei Saddlers Shop

Sch.-Ess. Schiessplatz Essen Firing Range Essen

Schiffbst Schiffbaustahl Ship building Steel

Schm Schmieden Forging Shops

SMSt. Siemens-Martingtahl Open hearth steel

SNV Schmelzbau und Tiegelkammer Smelting Shop and crucible chamber

Schienen-Oberkante Top of rail

Sp. Ausland und Wasserversand Dispatch by water way and to foreign countries

SPw Schmiedepresswerk Hot Forging and. Pressing Plant

St Stahl geschmiedet Steel, forged, rolled according gewalzt nach Dinermen to German industrial standards

- 12 - FDE Verein Deutscher Eisen- Association of German huetteleute Iron Foundry Men

V.D.E.V. Verein Deutscher Eisen Association of German bahnverwaltungen Railroad Administrations

VDH Fachnormen des Vereines Technical Standards of. MaschinenfabrikenDeutscher Holzbearbeitungs- the Association of`the German wood working machine manufactures

VDI Verein Deutscher Inge- EngineersAssociation of German nieure

VDMA Verein Deutscher Maschinen- Association of German bauanstaIten Machine Manufactures

Vestag Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG Vereinigt Stahlwerke AG

VG Verwaltungsgebaeude Administration Building

V. g. vollgiessen (nur auf Werk- solid casting (on drawings zeichnungen f. Giesserei) for foundries only)

V.K.Wien Vertriebsgesellschaft Vertriebsgesellschaft GmbH GmbH der Friedrich krupp dux Friedrich Krupp AG AG. Wien Wien

V-Schlak-Vanadium-Schlacke Vanadium slag

V St Vorbehaltsstempel "Subject to confirmation stamp

WA Werkausstellung. Works Exhibition Wa Konstruktionsabteilung Car Designing Department fuer Wagen

WA J Rue Waffenamts Inspektion Ordnance inspectorate Mun fuer Ruestung und Munition for Armament and Munitions

WAN Fachnormen des allgemeinen Technical Standards of Wagennormen-Aasschusses the Gar Standards Committee

WB Wehrwirtschaftsbuereau Military Economy Liaison Office

W Bau Wagenbau Car Construction

VD. I Westfaelische Drahtindu- Westfaelische Drahtindustrie strie A.G. Hamm A.G. Hamm

Werba Werbeabteilung Advertising-Department -14- Wifo Wirtschaftliche For- schungsgesellschaft

WM Werkzeugmacherei Tool–making shop

WS (or) Werkschutz Works Security Police Ws

WTB Wolffs Telegraphenbuero Wolffs News Agency

Wohnungsverwaltung Houdwing Department

Walzwerk Rolling Mill WW Ww, Waerme-wirtschaftAbteilung fuer Heat Research Department

Military Economy Council WWRWZB Wehrwirtschaftsrat z.Auss. Tool Supply Department Werkzeugbeschaffung zur Aeusserung opinion requested

zu den Akten Pile

zum dauernden Gebrauch for permanent use

z.Erl. zur Erledigung to be dealt with

z.H zu Haenden (bei Anschrif- Attention of: ten)

z.K. zur Kenntnisnahme fer information

ZPw Zieh- und Presswerk Drawing and Pressing Plant

Z.St. Zeichnungsstempel Stamp for drawings

ZW Zuenderwerkstatt Fuse Wo rk shop StB Statistisches Buero Statistics Office

Stahl L Lieferfristenbuero fuer. Delivery terms office Schmiedestuecke for forgings

St d.L. Stundenlohn Hourly wages

Stf Stahlformerei Steel moulding shop

Stg Stahlguss Steel casting

SVt Schmiede-Verteilurgsstelle Distribution Office for forged materials

SW Scheibenradwalzwerk Rolling Mill disk wheel

TB Technisches Buero Technical Office

TWL Technisch-Wissenschaft- Central Office for liche Lehrmittelzentrale technical and scientific instructional material

U Urschriftlich In the original

BUebers.. Uebersetzungsbuero. Translation Office

u.R. Unter Rueckerbittung Please return

U.u.R. Urschriftlich unter Rueck- Please return the original erbittung. -

Physikalische Versuchs- InstitutePhysical Experimental anstalt

VII Verkauf II Sales Department II

VII Ble ) VII Pei VII Guss). VII Ham ) Sub Department Ble (Plates) VII Ob ) Abteilungen des V II etc. of Sales Department II VII Pres) VII Rad.) VII Stg ) VA Versuchsanstalt Experimental Institute VB Vertreterbuero Agencies Office

v.B.-Br. Buero Von Buelows Office von Buelow -13- PART II.

TERMS with Translations (German-English)

Firing mechanism Abfeuergeraet Abnahme Inspection

Abnahme--Beater Inspection Official

Abteilung Fertigung Department for Standardisation of design

Abteilungsdirekter Departmental Director

Abtellungsvellmacht Departmental Departmental Power of attorney

Abtellungsverstand. Dep artment Chi ef

Counter intelligence agent Abwehrbeauftragter AlterungsbestaendigAlitierte Gegenstaende Aluminium plated articles.

Seasoning Resistant

Arbeiterangelegenheiten Workers relations

Arbeitseinsatz Liaison-office for Labor aussenbetrieblicher Arbeits- Procurement (Krupp) einsatz)

Arbeitseinsatz I Office for Interplant Labor Innenketrieblicher Allocation Arbeits-einsatz)

Armatur Armature

Artillerie Konstruktion Artillery Disigning

Aufgabe AbteilungArchives department for designs

Aussendienst external relations office

Auswertung - evaluation

Autoklave • autoclave

Beggerbaur-Konstruktion Dredger-Designing Department

Bauleiter Construction Chief

Bergbau-Hauptverwaltungstration - KohleCoal Mining.Main Admini-

-- 16- -- Besuchswesen Visitors Department

Betriebsassistent Assistant workshop leader

Betriebsdirektor Plant director-.

Betriebsfuehrér and Plant leader (Krupp) Fuehrer des Betriebes

Betriebsingenieur Workshop engineer

Betriebsrat Workers Council

Betriebswirtschaft (Dep artment for) economic plant management

Bettungsschiessgeruesst Universal gun carriage platform

Blechbearbeitungs-Konstruktion Designing of Sheet Metal products

Sheet Metal Processing Work- Blechbearbeitungs--Werkstatt shop

Blechpresserei Sheet metal pressing shop

Blechwalzwerk Sheet Metal Rolling Mill

Dauerstandfester Stahl creep resisting steel

Demontage Dismantling (Section)

Dezernat use German word followed by "executive secretariat" in parenthesis -e.g. "Stahl Dezer- nat" - Steel Dezern at Executive Secretariat for Steel) or translate as "Spere of activity" e.g. "Dezernat Mueller" - Muellers sphere of activity

Dezernent Head of "Dezernat"

Direktor Director

Drahtwalzwerk Wire-rolling mill

Dreherei Turning shop

Drehteil

Druckluftanlagen Compressed Air Plants

17 Edelstahl Refined steel

Einzelunternehmen individual enterprise

Eisenbahnbetrieb Railroad Service

Eisenbahnbetriebswerk-staetten Railroad Service workshops

Elektrostahlwerk Electra Steel Plant

Energiebetrieb Power station

Erzlegierungen Ore alloys

Fachnormen Technical Standards

Spring shop Federwerkstatt Feinblech Thin Sheet Metal

Feldbahn Narrow guage railroad.

Feldhaubitze Field howitzer

Flugzeugautomaten Automatic aircraft weapons

Flusseisen. Ingot Steel

Formschmiede Moulding Forge

Fuehrer des Betriebes Head of the Enterprise (German (and Betriebsfuehrer" Term in Brackets) see under "B") P Fuehrer der Betriebe Leader of the Plants (or Concern) (cold german term)

Fuhrwesen Trucking

Gemeinschaftswesen Trade—community matters

Gemischtwirtschaftliches Housing settlement based on Wohnungswesen compound economy

Generalbevollmachtigter Plenipotentiary General (Only when referring to highest honorary title of member of Krupp Vorstand or to Government official.)

Geraetewerkstaetten gun equipment workshops

Drop—forging serial number Gesenkschmiede Drop Forge

Giesserei foundry

Gluehhaus Annealing plant

Grauguss gray iron casting

Grobblech Plate

Grosszahlforschung statistical research

Grup.envorstand. Group Chief

Gusstahl Cast steel

Gusstahlfabrik Cast—Steel Works (Krupps Main work in Essen)

Gueterabfertigung Freight Handling Department

Guetezahl Degree of Quality

Halbzeug Semi—finished. products

Hammerschmiede Hemmer Forge

Hammerwerke Hammerworks

Handlungsvollmacht limited, power of attorney

Haube 1. Hood (engine) 2. Cowling 3. Spinner (of an airscrew

Hauptverwaltung des Erz- Ore Mining Main Administration bergbaus

HauptverwaItung des Hohlen- Coal Mining Main Administration bergbaues

-Hebezeug crane, hoist

Heerestechniesche Fahrzeuge Armypurposes vehicles for technical

Heereswaffenent Army ordnance Office

Hilfsbetriebe Auxiliary plants

Hochdruckhohlkoeroer High Pressure Hollow Cylinders

Hochofenwerk Blast Furnace Works

Huelsenpuffer sleeve buffer Huettenwerk Foundry

Immobilien Real Estate immovable property

close-support guns Infanteriebegleitgeschuetze Inneneinrichtungen (for gune) interna equipment

Kampfw agenfahrgestell combat vehicle chassis

Kanzlei Secretariat

Kapitalverkehrssteuer Capital transaction tax

Kleinbau Screw Plant

Kleinwaffen small arms

Knuayppelzurichterei Billet finishing shop

Kokerei coking plant

Konsortialbuereau Syndicate Office

Konstrukteur Designer

Konstruktionsbuero Disigning Office

Konsumanstalt Go-operative stores

Quota-fixing department Kontingentierabteilung

Korrespondent correspondence clerk

Kuempelteile Flanged Parts

Kurbelwelle crank shaft

Kuestendrehscheibenlafette turntable mount for coastal defense guns

Lafette 1. Guncarriage (for mobile guns) 2. Gun mount (for fixed guns e.g. naval)

Lagerwerkstatt Rpair shop with spare-part store

Gauge hardening shop Lehrhaerterei lichte Weite inside diameter

Literaturstelle

20 - Lokomotivbarrenrahmen Locomotive bar frames

Luftvorholer air OR pneumatic recuperator

Martinstahl Open Hearth steel

Maschinen-Konstruktion Mechanical engineering

Memorialbuchhaltunr Journal Account.

Messwesen 1. Measuring instrument department (of Krupp) 2. Surveying (General and Artillery)

Mikrotast-Werkstatt Mikrotast gauge shop

Nachrichtenblatt Bulletin

Nebenbetrieb Supplementary plant

Nitrierstahl nitriding steel

Norm Standard

Oberbau Permanent way

Oberlagerfuehrung Main Administration for the workers (camps)

Panzerbau armor construction

Panzerbeschuesse armor-piercing shells.

Panzergehaeuse armored casing

Panzerkraftwagen tank, armored combat vehicle

Panzerkisten hull of tank

Panzerkastenoberteil sup erstructure of tank

Panzerkraftwagen armored car

Pflichtenheft Technical and. Maintenance Manual

Prokura erteilen to appoint as Prokurist

Prokurist Prokurist

Protze limber, ammunition trailer

Radsatz wheel set

Radreifenwalzwerk Tire Bolling Mill

- 21 - Rechnungswesen accountancy

Reckschmiede Draw forge

Registrierkassenfabrik Cash Register Plant

Rennanlage Renn Process plant

Richtmittel gun sights

Ringofenziegelei Rotary Kiln Brick Works

Roheisen Pig iron

Rohrbremse recoil buffer

Rohrkarren barrel—cart

Ruestungskommanao Regional Armament Office

Scheibenrad disc wheel

Schienen—Oberkante Top of rail

Schiessboecke Firing stands

Schiessplatz Firing Range

Schleifscheiben abrasive wheels

Schmelzbetrieb smelting plant

Schmieden to forge

Schmiedeisen forging steel

Schmiedepresswerk Hot Forging and Pressing Plant

Schmieclestueck Forging

Schrott Scrap metal

Schweissdraht at welding Wire

Schweisstel welding rod

Siemens—Martinstahl Open-hearth steel

Siliziumeisenguss Silicon—iron casting

Stabstah Bar Steel

Stahlformerei Steel moulding shop

—22— Stahlformguss Steel die casting

Stahlguss steel casting

Steinwerk Fire brick Works

Streuung (Art.) Dispersal atroemungsgetriebe Fluid DrIve Fluid Drive

Tecknische Angebotsabteilung Technical estimating dept. for contracts

Technische Auslandsbetreuung Assistance for foreign technical experts

Technisches Auslandsoffertwesen Technical Estimates for foreign contracts

Terminwesen-Abteilg.Temperguss malleable cast iron

Department for fixing delivery terms.

Tiegelstahl Crucible steel

Thomas Stahl basic Bessemer steel

Unterschriftsvollmacht Departmental power of (Abteilungsvollmacht) attorney

Vergueten (Stahl) to temper

Verschluss breech

Vertreterbuero Agencies Office

Versahnung tooth system (of a gear)

Walzwerk Rolling Mill

warmfester Stahl High temperature steel

Waermewirtschaft Heat Research Department

WerkreisbeauftragterCommissioner Military District

Wehrwirtshaft (Krupp) Military Economy liaison office

Wehrwirtschaftsrat Military Economy Council

Werkschutz Works Security Police

-23- Werkstoff industrial or substitute materiall

Werkzeugmaschine Machine-tool

Widia ("Wie Diamant") "Widia" Steel

Wiege (Geschuetz) cradle

Wohnungsverwaltung Housing Department

Zahnradgetriebe Gear Sets, Transmission

Zentrale Planung central Planning Board

Zentrifuge Separator

ZieleinrichtugenZieh— und Presswerk Drawing and Pressing Plant

aiming equipment, aiming mechanism

ZuenderstellmaschineZuenderwerkstatt Fuse Workshop

Fuse—setting instrument

Zurichter Finisherr II. ORGANIZATION OF GERMAN ECONOMIC CONTROLS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE IRON AND STEEL AND COAL INDUSTRIES

A. Private and Semi-Public Bodies 1. Pre-Hitler Germany a. Industrial Associations

Before the Hitler accession to power in 1933

German industries and businesses were grouped together in a tremendous variety of trade associations, federations and coordinating groups. Two general types may be distinguished:

territorial organizations of Chambers of Industry and Commerce

and functional industrial associations.

The territorial associations were Chambers of Industry and Commerce and Chambers of Handicraft, which were organized locally. They were public law organizations in which membership was compulsory for all businessmen in the area.

Dues were collected like taxes, and they were regulated by the

relevant state ministry. They were affiliated with regional

associations .(which were private, in character) and at the national level there existed a Diet of German Industry and Commerce. These organizations exerted little influence. politically but were important locally much in the same manner

as Chambers of Commerce in America. The functional associations were much more power- ful. Industry, handicraft, trade, banking and insurance were

each organized into national associations which drew their

members from the functional associations, in that particular field. The national or top association Spitzenverband) for

industry was the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie or "R.D.I." (Reich Association of German Industry). It was founded in 1919 by the merge of two similar associations, one of which has been in existence since 1876, It was composed of a great number of member groups organized by type of industry, The member groups in turn were composed of smaller affiliates either regional or functional in nature. Within the R.D.I., the most important association of the functional group for the iron and steel industry was the Verein Deutscher Eisen und Stahl Industrieller (Asso- ciation of German Iron and Steel Industrialists, which was founded in 1875., There was a similar functional group for the coal industry. The most important coal association, however, was the private association , the Verein fuer die bergbaulichen Interessen zu Essen (Association of Mining Interests of Essen) - usually referred to as the Bergbau

Verein. This group was founded in 1858, and every important mining company in the Rhein and Ruhr areas belonged to it.

A similar pattern of organization was found in other branches of industry. Those associations were voluntary organizations,.

elected their own officials, and were completely self-

govern-ing. They exerted a tremendous influence on government economic policies and furnished their members with a variety

of services dealing with questions of economic policy, imports, exports, finance and reparations questions, etc.

They also served as advisory and coordinating agencies for

the cartels.

b. Market Regulating Associations The industrial associations described above were

primarily pressure groups. German industry was also organized

- 2.6 - into associations designed to regulate marketing activities.

The most common device for achieving this purpose was the cartel, a contractual agreement between legally separate enterprises in the same branch of industry to regulate or eliminate competition among themselves. There were many types of cartels, including agreements to fix and regulate prices; impose production quotas; geographically divide markets; specify production and methods of production for each member; assign customers; control bidding for orders; distribute scarce materials; fix sales terms; and pool net profits. Some cartel agreements also provided for the establishment of separate sales companies to handle the sales and marketing activities of all members. Pur chasers could obtain the desired products only from the common sales organization; profits were pooled and distributed to the contracting parties according to previous arrangement. This latter form of organization was generally known as a syndicate.

The principal cartel of the iron and steel industry was the Stahlwerksverband, organized in 1904; and in the coal industry, the regional association, the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate (RWKS), founded in 1893.

The organization of industry into cartels encouraged a continually increasing monopolization by the larger enterprises in the cartel. This resulted particularly from

the practice of quotas of production for each enterprise; and when an enterprise failed or otherwise did not use its quota, this quota was purchased by other members of the cartel and kept unused, or purchased by one member to increase its pro- portionate production.

-27 - There was no substantial governmental opposition to the cartel system; and the Rhenish-Westphalian coal cartel was even by law made permanent and membership compulsory in 1919. The common law doctrines of restraint of trade and the principles underlying the anti-trust legislation of the United

States had no counterpart in Germany.

A feature of some German pre-war cartels was the frequent practice of entering into an international cartel, accepting a marketing quota, then exceeding the quota and paying a fine to the international cartel - but thereby seizing for German industry an increasing share of world markets.

2. Changes under the Third Reich a. Industrial Associations The basic law concerning the new organic structure of German business was promulgated 27 February 1931. The Reich Minister of Economics was established as the supreme leader of German economy. The first article of the decree provided:

"The Reich Minister of Economics is empowered for the preparation of the organic structure of the German Economy: "1. To recognize economic associations (Wirtschaft verbande) as the sole representatives of the economic branch; "2. To establish, to dissolve, or to merge economic associations; "3. To amend to supplement by-laws and contracts (Gesellschaftsvertraege) of economic associations; particularly to institute the leadership principle (Fuehrergrundsatz)." The changes affected pursuant to this decree con- verted the pre-existing highly organized associations into compulsory organizations under the general direction of the Minister of Economics. The territorial organizations of the Chambers of

Industry and Commerce, and Chambers of Handicraft were continued. However, they were consolidated in the middle level to regional economic chambers (Wirtschaftskammern) and at the national level into a federation of Chambers of Industry and Commerce. A new agency, the Reich Economic Chamber (Reichswirtschaftskammer), was established in the Ministry of Economics to coordinate at the top level the functional

and territorial associations. The new functional organizations consisted of:

(a) Reich groups (Reichsgruppen)

(b) Economic groups (Wirtschaftsgruppen) (c) Sub -groups

(1) Regional Groups (Bezirksgruppen) established on a geographical basis

(2) Trade or Product Groups (Fachgruppen) established on a functional basis

There were seven Reichsgruppen at the top level,

one each for industry, commerce, banking, insurance, power,

handicraft, and tourism and traffic. They corresponded to the former Spitzenverbaende. The R.D.I., referred to above,

became the Reichsgruppe Industrie. It was made up of thirty- one Economic Groups, each representing one branch of industry,

Each of these Groups in turn was further sub-divided into

various sub-groups or into territorial sub -divisions of the

Economic Group.

-29- Every entrepreneur was required to belong to the local Chamber in his area and to the appropriate functional organization comprising his business. Some of the elective features of the former organizations were abolished and the leadership principle adopted for the selection of officers. The Minister of Economics appointed the heads of the Reich

Economic Chamber and of the Reichsgruppen, and these heads in turn appointed the subordinate leaders, each of whom had the duty of leading his group in accordance with the principles of the National Socialist State. Actually the change in organization meant very little as far as the controlling personalities of the functional organizations were concerned. In general, the leading men of the former associations were appointed by the Reich Minister of Economics to the corres- ponding offices in the newly created Economic Groups.

Our concern with the Group s in this case is chief with the Reich Group Industry; and is limited principally to

its sub-divisions, the Committee for the export of war . mate-

rial, and the Economic Groups for the iron industry and

mining. The iron industry, in l934, was organized into

Wirtschaftsgruppe Eisenschaffende Industrie (Economic Group

Iron Producing Industry - herein called " WGE"), which absorbed the Association of German Iron and Steel Industrialists

and its staff. The armament export firms were organized, in l93

into the Ausfuhrgomeinschaft fuer Kriegsgeraet (War Material Export Association - AGK), plans for such an organization having been made immediately upon the repudiation of the armament provisions of the Versailles Treaty in 1935. The WGE was subdivided into several regional groups, the most important of which was that for the Ruhr area, the Bezirksgruppe Nord-West (Regional Group North West).

The Economic Group Mining (Wirtschaftsgruppe Bergbau), which governed mining, including the mining of coal, was also a continuation of the pre-existent association Fach- gruppe. The Bergbauverein, mentioned previously, was allowed to continue its separate existence by special exception of the Minister of Economics.

The Economic Groups continued in existence until the end of the war, although their specific functions varied considerably as the economic situation of Germany changed. They had no power to issue binding legislative decrees on their own initiative, but they served as a convenient medium through which the government exercised controls over industry. On the

other hand, they had substantial influence upon the government itself in shaping such controls, and upon their membership in

respect to the manner of carrying out and supervising the execution of the decrees.

The Economic Groups at first had no authority

over the cartels and other market regulation associations. This led to considerable confusion, since the Economic Group was the agency which dealt with the various government price

control offices. in addition to this overlapping of functions

-31- the development of numerous government agencies and control offices in the economic field resulted in a confusion of jurisdiction between the industry-manned Economic Groups and the official governmental bodies. After the outbreak of the war, every effort was made to streamline this structure. The result was the formation of Reich Associations. The Reich Associations were the top control organi-

zations, composed exclusively of leaders of the particular field of industry over which they had supervision. They were vested with authority to issue directives binding upon all members of

the industry. They were organized under the supervision of

Goering in his capacity as Plenipotentiary for the Four Year Plan, and were subordinated first to the Reich Ministry of

Economics and later to the Speer Ministry. Many of the functions performed by various government offices and agencies

were transferred to the Reich Associations, and all market regu-

lating associations were placed under their direct control. The

Reich Associations tended to take control of the entire industry taking portions of such control from the horizontally operating

Economic Groups, i.e., Production, Mining and Trade.

The first of the new Reich Associations was organized

for the coal industry early in 1941, the Reichsvereinigung Kohle RVK). It was created at the insistence of the coal industry, in

order to forestall complete government control, and yet to provide for tight organization within the field. The extent to

which the major industrial concerns controlled it appears from the following list of its chairman and Praesidium members:

-32 - Paul Pleiger . . . . • . . Hermann Goering Works Heinrich Wisselmann . . .Preussag (Reich) Franz Hayler . • • • . . Trade representative Otto Berve Graf Schafgotsch Walter Brass . • • • • • • Trade representative Gustav Brecht Rheinbraun Ernst Buskuehl Her pener (Flick) Guenther F a lkenhahn . . . . .OberschlesischerBerg-und und Huettenverein Friedrich Flick . • • • • • • • Flick Herbert Kauert Rhenish Westfalian Coal Syndicate Gustav Knepper Gelsenkirchener (Vereinigte Stahlwerk) Alfried Krupp . . . . . • • Krupp Fritz Mueller . • • • • Krupp Max Palm . . • • • • Preussag (Reich) Alfred Pott Ballestrem Johannes Robert Upper Silesian Coal Syndicate Ludwig Siebert . . . . . . . DAF Otto Springorum Gelsenkirchener (Vereinigte Stahlwerk) Rudolf Stahl Salzdetfurth Otto Steinbrinck . . . . . a . Vereinigte Stahlwerke Ernst Tengelmann Essener (Flick) Wilhelm Tengelmann • . • . . Hibernia (Reich) Edmund Tobies . . • . Ilse Bergbau Hermann Winkhaus Man ne smann Whenever a Reich Association was established for

any particular field the influence of the Economic Group in

that field naturally declined. However, friction was eliminated

by close interlocking of the two organizations. Thus, the depu-

ty chairman of the RVK was, at the same time, the leader of the

Economic Group Mining. The regional organizations of the formed

Economic Group Mining were left in existence, but the most important of them were subjected to the control of the RVK, and in effect became their regional offices. The Reichsvereinigung Eisen (RVE) was established for the iron and steel, industry in 1942 along much the same pattern as the RVK. It absorbed many of the functions of the

WGE, and was granted additional powers by the Plenipotentiary

-33- of the Four Year Plan, Goering. It took over, to some degree the governance of iron ore mining, as well as iron and steel production, sales, etc. The chairman and the members of its

Praesidium were likewise drawn from the most important concerns in the industry, as the following list of members dis-

closes:

Hermann Roechling, Chairman Roechling Walter Rohland, Deputy Chairman Vereinigte Stahl- werke Alfried Krupp, Deputy Chairman -Krupp Hans Malzacher Hermann Goering Werke Friedrich Flick Flick Hans Hahl BallestremEisenwerk Rodingen Alfred Pott August Schmidt v.Schmidfelden Schmidhuette Krems Austria) Walter Steinweden Trade representative Wilhelm Zangen Manne smann Hans Guenther Vereinigte Stahl- werke

mic Roechling was also appointed leader of the Econo

Group Iron Producing Industry at the time of the organization of the RVE; and the former district groups were incor-

porated in a much more formal fashion than was done by the RVE.

b. Market Regulating Associations Under the Third Reich private cartels continued

to be very influential, and the Ministry of Economics was

authorized to establish compulsory cartels by a decree of

15 July 1933, or to compel outsiders to maintain membership

in existing ones. Upon the organization of the Groups, in 1934,. the

cartels and the Economic Groups existed side by side and the latter were barred from marketing control activities. As a

34 result, the leadership of the cartels often assumed the leadership of the Groups. This situation became so serious

that, in 1936, the Minister of Economics subordinated the cartels to the Groups. As the "RVK" and the "RVE" were created they,

too, were given powers for the control of production and

marketing. ln late 1942 the Stahlwerksverband, the chief cartel of the iron industry, was dissolved, and its functions taken over by the Eisen und Stahl Gemeinschaft in the RVE - "ES GE" . B. Government Economic Agencies

1. Military Economic Agencies of the Wehrmacht

In 1927 the army Ordnance Office (Heereswaffenamt) formed a special Economic Staff (Wirtschaftsstab -- WStb) with field offices (Aussenstellen), Military Economy Officers (Wehrwirtschafts- offiziere) and Military Regional Commands (Wehrkreiskommandos) for general questions of military economy.

After the seizure of power by Hitler, the new branch of the Armed Forces, the Luftwaffe, created its own Ordnance Office

(Waffenamt), and shortly thereafter the Navy also created its own Ordnance

Office, so that the old organization within the Heereswaffenamt become only one of three agencies in charge of armaments.

On 1 November 1934 a central agency for the Armed

Forces "Military Economics and Ordnance Affairs" (Wehrwirtschafts– and

Waffenwesen) was created. This central agency did not, however, have

jurisdiction over the Ordnance Offices of the different parts of the

Wehrmacht. Colonel (later General) Georg Thomas, the former Chief of Staff of the Heereswaffenamt, was made Chief of this new agency. In October 1935

the agency was renamed Military Economics Staff (Wehrwirtschaftsstab – WwSt); and in the spring of 1935 the so–called Military Economics Inspectorates

(Wehrwirtschaftsinspektionen) were established, and the former military

economy officers were incorporated into these newly organized inspecto-

rates. The Wehrwirtschaftsstab, which in November 1939 was renamed

1. The principal business with which this case is concerned -- the design, manufacture and sale of war material -- between the German military, air and naval forces and KRUPP was channeled through branches of the military forces other than the predominantly economic branches, to which this summary is limited. - 36 Military Economy and Armament Office ( W- Rue-A mt), was in charge of

the over-all armament plan for all pasts of the German Armed Forces. It

was only after the first failures o f the German Wehrmacht in Russia, that the civilian agencies gradually took over the functions which had been entrusted up to that time almost exclusively to military. In 1942 the Armament Office, the most important part of the Wi--Rue--A mt, was transferred to Speers Ministry (see below Paragraph 5) and the functions of Wi-Amt, which was renamed later "Feldwirtschaftsamt," were greatly

reduced.

2. The Ministry of Economics (Reichwirtschaftsministerium- RWM)

At the beginning of the Nazi regime, the Reich Ministry of

Economics was the central government agency for the determination of

economic policy and economic administration. Its importance decreased

for the Four Year Plan in the fall of 1936. After a reorganization of the

economic agencies by Goering in February 1938, the Ministry of Economics

regained to some extent its former position; but during the war it again

gradually lost its influence, this time to the Ministry of Arms and

Munitions headed by Speer. Speer, in 1943, gained complete control over

all of German production, leaving the Ministry of Economics only the

control of supply and distribution of consumer goods for civilian popu-

lation, foreign trade, foreign trade policy and control of credit institu-

tions.

The first Minister of Economics in Hitlers cabinet was

Alfred Hugenberg, leader of the German Nationalist Peoples Party and

until 1918 chairman of the Aufsichtsrat of Fried. Krupp A.G. His successor,

in June, 1933, was Kurt Schmitt; general manager of the Allianz and

Munich Reinsurance Company, who remained in office until August, 1934. - 37 - It was during this first year of the Hitler regime, and under

the presidency of Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach in the Reich

Association of German industry, that the reorganization of German industry was commenced. Dr. Hjalmar Schacht who was President of the Reichsbank

since March 1933, was then appointed Minister of Economics; he resigned

in November 1937. From November 1937 to February 1938 Goering took over

the Ministry of Economics, which he relinquished to Walter Funk on 6 Feb-

ruary 1938. Funk remained Minister of Economics until the end of the war.

When Funk became the Minister of Economics in 1938, leading

officials of the Four Year Plan were put in charge of the important main

departments of his Ministry and many functions which the office of the

Four Year Plan had taken over during the period of rivalry between Goering

and Schacht were transferred back to the Ministry of Economics.

Schacht in 1934 instituted a "New Plan" which was designed to

rebuild German economy and further secret rearmament. Upon Schachts

resignation his "New Plan" was replaced by Goering s Four Year Plan which

was to make Germany self—sufficient in the most important strategic

materials and ready for war within four years.

The offices through which the Ministry of Economics controlled

raw materials and foreign trade were the Supervisory Offices (Veber --

wachungssteîlen). They were created in 1934 by Schacht within the frame-

work of the "New Plan", and played an important role in the mobilization

of industry for war. Together with the Military Economics Staff (Wehr-

wirtschaftsstab of the OKW and the Reich Ministry of Economics, they

formulated the Mobilization tasks (Mob-Aufgaben) for the various industrial

enterprises, after the plants had submitted all details about their 38 For special fields of production, which were particularly important to the war effort, Goering appointed Plenipotentiaries–General who were vested with the full power of the Four Year Plan in their particular fields. General von Hanneken was appointed Plenipotentiary–General for Iron and Steel in 1937. During the war, Speer and Sauckel were appointed Plenipotentiaries-General for particular fields described below.

4. Control Planning Board ( Zentrale Planung) The Central Planning Board (Zentrale Planung) was created by

Goering in April 1942 as the supreme coordinating agency for the German war effort. This Board was officially an agency of the Four Year Plan; for all practical purposes, however, it was the instrument through which

Speer coordinated all of German war production between 1942 and 1945.

The Central Planning Board was composed of Speer, Milch and

Koerner, and later Funk, each cf whom had equal authority. The function of the Central Planning Board in the main was planning the distribution and allocation of raw materials necessary for the conduct of the war, and the allocation of manpower to the principal sectors of war economy.

Sauckel appeared frequently before the Central Planning Board when labor questions were under discussion. Representatives of important governmental and industrial organizations concerned in the allocation of labor, materials, etc. also attended, reported to and made requests at these meetings.

5. The Speer Ministry The Ministry of arms and Munitions (Ministerium fuer Bewaffnung-40-

und Munition) was created in March 1940 and its first head was Dr. Fritz

Todt, founder of the "Organization Todt." Its function was to coordinate the activities of all agencies and private enterprises engaged in the manufacture of armaments and to improve war production from a technological point of view. Dr. Todt did not develop the Ministry into a well--knit organization although he made a substantial beginning in the direction of controlling private enterprises engaged in the manufacture of armaments. He created a number of administrative bodies, staffed with representatives from industry itself, for the purpose of pooling production know-how and technological developments. In February

1942 Todt died and was succeeded by Albert Speer, a very active and energetic man of considerable organizational ability.

Under Speers direction the Ministry became the most important single influence on industrial production for the prosecution of the war.

Shortly after Todt s death Speer was designated as Plenipotentiary

General for Armament Tasks of the Four Year Plan. From that time the

Speer Ministry gradually absorbed a variety of functions formerly performed by others, including many of those of the Ministry of Economics, the Wehrmacht and the Luftwaffe. In September 1943 this acquisition of power resulted in a reorganization of the Ministry and the change of its name to the Ministry of Armament and War Production (Ministerium fuer

Ruestung und Kriegsproduktion).

Speer developed the system initiated by Todt of utilizing representatives of the armament industry on a basis of "self-responsibility of industry" (Selbstverantwortlichkeit der Industrie) in bodies

somewhat parallel to the Reich Associations. These were the Main

Committees (Hauptausschuesse) and Main Rings (Hauptringe), which were

staffed from the ranks of private industry. The Main Committees were boards of technicians concerned with production and processing of an

important end product. The Main Rings and their regional bodies --

Rings --- were similar boards concerned with the production of one - 41- important part which entered into the production of several other end

products. For example, a Main Committee was established for the product-

ion of tanks; a Main Ring for iron production and another for castings;

a Ring for the production of ballbearings and another for steel castings.

Coordination with the RVE eventually took place through unified leadership of the RVE and the iron production Main Ring, The most important

departments of Speers Ministry for our purposes were:

The Planning Office (Planungsamt), headed by Hans Kehrl,

which was responsible for over-all planning in all matters of production

and distribution. The Planning Office acted not only as an agency of the

Speer Ministry, but was the preparatory and executive agency of the

Central Planning Board (Zentrale Planung).

The Raw Materials Office (Rohstoffamt ), also headed by Kehrl,

which was responsible for the production of basic raw materials other

than iron and steel. This office coordinated the Reich Association

Coal -- RVK, Main Ring Metals, Economic Group Chemical Industry and

other Reich Associations and Economic Groups in the raw materials field.

The Armament Supply Office (Ruestungslioferungsamt), headed

by Dr. Schieber, w in charge of iron and stool production and other

semi--finished materials necessary for armament production. To this

office was attached the RVE and the Main Rings concerned with the

production of metal intermediate products.

The Armament Office (Ruestungsamt) was responsible for the

final production of arms and munitions. This office was originally

an agency of the OKW called the Military Economy and Armaments Office

(Wi--Rue–Amt). It was headed by Gen rai Thomas while part of the OKW,

and Thomas continued to head it after its transfer to the Speer -- 42 – Ministry in May, 1942. Thomas was succeeded in 1943 by Maj. Gen. Kurt

Waeger.

The Armament Office of the Speer Ministry supervised the regional organizations originally established by the Army Ordnance

Offices. The regional organizations consisted of Armament Inspectorates and Armament Commands, which were staffed by military personnel throughout the war.

6. Reich Ministry of Labor (Reichsarbeitsministerium RAM) The Reich Ministry of Labor was headed from 30 January 1933 to the end of the war by Franz Seldte. Originally it was the highest authority on all labor questions. The responsibility for the allocation and supply of labor was transferred in 1936 to the Office of the Four

Year Plan, where it was under the supervision of Dr. Mansfeld and Dr.

Syrup. The procurement of labor from occupied territories was begun by this Labor Allocation Office, which utilized the lower echelons of the Reich Labor Ministry for the distribution of this labor.

The lower echelons of the Reich Labor Ministry were the

Provincial Labor Offices (Landesarbeitsaemter) and the local Labor

Offices Arbeitsaemter). A law of May 1933 had established, for questions of wages and working conditions, the institution of Reich

Trustees of Labor (Reichstreuhaender der Arbeit). In 1943 the Reich

Trustees of Labor were consolidated with the Provincial Labor Office

Landesarbeitsaemter) into Gau Labor Offices (Gau Arbeitsaemter).

7. The Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation (General– bevollmaechtigter fuer den Arbeitseinsatz) The Labor Allocation Office of the Four Year Plan did not provide sufficient labor from the occupied territories. Consequently,

Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel to Plenipotentiary General for Labor 43 - Allocation in February, 1942. Goering thereupon dissolved his own

Labor Allocation Office and transferred the manpower sections of the

Four Year Plan to Sauckel: the Main Departments XII, headed by

Dr. Kimmich; VI, headed by Dr. Timm (originally Department V, headed by Dr. Beisiegel); IX, .headed by Professor Jung, of the

Reich ministry of Labor; and the lower echelons of the Ministry, viz., the P rovincial Labor Offices and Local Labor Office, which

together formed the Labor Allocation -Administration (Arbeitseinsatz--

verwaltung). Sauckel also had his special representatives in all

occupied and satellite territories. III. FORMS OF GERMAN BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

A. Comparisons to American Forms and American Law.

The German law of business associations, like the Ameri- can, distinguishes between forms of enterprise which are juristic persons and those which are not, such as partnerships, The latter, however, may have some of the characteristics of enterprises which are juristic persons. Under each of these two principal categories, there are various forms of enter-prises in which the responsibility and the liability of the sponsors of the enterprise may vary. German enterprises which are juristic persons are hereinafter referred to as corporations.

Like American corporations, German corporations can hold legal rights and powers in the same general way as a natural person but the liability of the owners or shareholders is limited to the amount of their investment in the enterprise, Among the principal forms of business enterprise which are corporations or juristic persons under German law are:: The

Aktiengesellschaft or"A.G." (roughly translated as "stock corporation"). The Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung or "G.m.b.H. " (company with limited liability) . ; and the

Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft (roughly translated as "corporation under mining law").. The main forms of German business enterprises which are not juristic persons or corporations include the Einzelhandelsfirma (Private Firm), Offene Handelsgesell- schaft or "o.H.G." (roughly a general partnership) the Kom-

man ditgesellschaft (roughly a limited partnership) The private firm united the business enterprise with the person

•

- )45 of the owner, and was commonly used for small enterprises, and very rarely used for large enterprises. Fried. Krupp was a private firm until 1904; an "A.G." until December, 1943; and again a private firm from the latter date.

B. German Enterprises which are Juristic Persons

1. Aktiengesellschaft (A.G. ) Ownership -- The A. G. is most similar to an American stock corporation. It is created by the filing and recording of articles of incorporation generally called the "Gesell- schaftsvertrag" (before 1937) and the "Satzung" (after 1937) . Ownership of the A. G. is divided into shares (Aktien) made evident by stock certificates which are either registered or bearer shares. Fried. Krupp A.G. w as established with only common shares, all of which had voting rights - except for the period of a few years in the early 1920s , when an issue of special stock was sold to employees of the Krupp firm. The special stock had no voting rights, and no dividends were paid on it. It was accumulated and purchased by Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach in its entirety about 1926. The capitalization of an A.G. generally must amount to not less than 500,000 marks. Fried. Krupp A.G. was capitalized originally at 160,000,000 Marks; and the capitalization was subsequently increased to 180,000,000 Marks. Both capitalization figures were below actual valuation, the difference being hidden in uncapitalized reserves. In an A.G. there are two governing boards, one charged with general supervision, the other with actual management.

These two boards are the Aufsichtsrat, often translated as

- 46 - "Supervisory Board of Directors," and the Vorstand, often translated as the "Managing Board of Directors." Sometimes both the Aufsichtsrat and the Vorstand have been translated as "Board of Directors." To avoid confusion, the use of the German terms instead of translations is generally preferred.

Generally speaking, those two boards, taken together, exercise the functions ordinarily performed by the board of directors of an American corporation. However, taken individually or together, those two boards are not the precise functions equivalent of the American Board of Directors. The general features of the Aufsichtsrat and the Vorstand in German law and practice in the typical case are as follows:

The Aufsichtsrat is a supervisory board of directors elected by the stockholders at the annual meeting generally called the "Generalversammlung" (before 1937) and the "Haupt versammlung" (after 1937). With some notable exce ptions, the members of the Aufsichtsrat appear to correspond functionally with those members of the board of directors of a major American corporation who are not members of the executive committee and who do not participate in the actual or day- to-day management of the business. The formal rights and duties of the Aufsichtsrat under German law include the election, supervision and removal of the members of the

Vorstand; the general supervision of the management of the enterprise by the Verstand; the right to examine and audit books and accounts; the calling of shareholders meetings; and the representation of the corporation in dealing with

I:7 the Vorstand. Of course, the extent to which the Aufsicht rat, or particular members thereof, in practise exercise those powers to influence the activities of an A.G. depend upon a number of factors, including, for example, who owns or controls the stock.

The Vorstand is the executive board of directors which undertakes the actual management of the corporation generally and represents the corporation in its dealing wit others. The members of the Vorstand can best be compared functionally with the principal officers and directors of a major American corporation who serve on the executive committee and participate in the actual management of the corporation. In 1937 there was a general revision of German corporation law (1937 RGB1., Part I, page 107, dated 30

January 1937 and supplementary decrees thereto) . Under the revised law, as construed by legal authorities in Germany, the Chairman of the Vorstand could either be the dominant and decisive leader of the enterprise (the "Fuehrer") or he could be "first among equals" (primus inter pares) in the

Vorstand, in which case the Vorstand as a body was the

"Fuehrer" or dominant leader of the enterprise. ("Aktion-- gesetz, Gesetz ueber Aktiengesellschaften und

Kommandi-gesel lschafter auf Aktion vom 30 Januar, 1937," commentary by Dr. Franz Schlegelborger, State Secretary in the Reich

Ministry of Justice, and others, Berlin, 1939, pp.235 and 238). As between Vorstand and Aufsichtsrat , the 1937 revision of the law is generally considered as having reduced the power and the importance of the Aufsichtsrat. Among other things it provided that the Aufsichtsrat could not remove members of the Vorstand before the expiration of the.

terms except "for just cause." The distribution of de facto

power and authority as between Vorstand and Aufsichtsrat, on

the one hand, and the actual influence of the stockholders, on the other hand, varies from enterprise to enterprise and from time to time depending on special facts and circumstances. The regular Annual Meeting o f the Stockholders -

there being only two such stockholders -- in the firm of Fried. Krupp A.G. was held in conjunction with the annual

meeting of the Aufsichtsrat. Under German corporate law,

the stockholders or their duly authorized representatives have the right to ask for information on the annual report of the Aufsichtsrat and the Vorstand and on the general

management of the business. The annual shareholders meeting approves the action of the members of the Aufsichtsrat and

the Vorstand in the discharge of their duties. It also

approves amendments to the articles of incorporation and in- creases in capital. Final approval of the balance sheet

and the distribution of profits are also the prerogatives

of the stockholders.

2. Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung (G.m.b.)

"Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung" may be literally translated as "company with limited liability", but

ordinarily it is referred to in the documents by the German abbreviation "G.m.b.H." The G.m.b.H. was originally designed to give smaller businesses a possibility of operating with limited liability. The minimum required capitalization was only 20,000 marks. The formalities of forming a G.m.b.H, are simpler than in the case of an A.G. The participants interest in the G.m.b.H. is usually not made evident by written instrument, and if it is, such an instrument is not readily negotiable.

The management of the G.m.b.H. is vested in one or more persons called "Geschaeftsfuehrer" (business manager).

There is no Vorstand and an Aufsichtsrat is not prescribed by law. If there is an Aufsichtsrat the statute provides that it shall be governed by the rules applying to the Aufsichtsrat of an A.G. unless the articles of incorporation provide to the contrary. The supervisory body in a G.m.b.H. may be called an "Aufsichtsrat", a "Verwaltungsrat" (Administrative Council) or a "Beirat" (Advisory Council). The difference is principally one of name only. A number of the subsidiary corporations which Krupp owned or controlled were G.m.b.H.s with an Aufsichtsrat.

In the occupied parts of the Soviet Union, special corporations were established to undertake production. Ordinarily such corporations were G.m.b.H.s with a Verwaltungsrat. 3. Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft

This type of corporation was exclusively established for mines under the mining law. A number of the mining enterprises owned and controlled by Krupp adopted this corporate form. The shares (usually 1,000 in number) were called "Kuxe" which represented a fraction of the corporations assets but had no nominal or par value. The shareholder ("Gewerke") was not personally liable to the corporation s creditors. The

Gewerkschaft obtained capital by assessing its members, who, however, had the right to escape such liability by surrender ing their shares. The Gewerkschaft is managed by a Vorstand and it may have an Aufsichtsrat.

C. German Enterprises which are not Juristic Persons 1. The Einzelhandelsfirma (Private Firm)

The Krupp private firm, in 1943, became a unique form of business enterprise. It was the personal property of the proprietor, and yet had certain rights, powers, privileges, duties and immunities, beyond of those of an

individual human person. The private firm was founded under a "Lex Krupp" which permitted for this one enterprise alone in Germany a special legal structure. The form was an adaptation to the Krupp combination of industrial, com-

mercial and real property of the laws for certain agricul-

tural properties (Fidoikommiss and Erbhof). There was an

advantage of permanence as against the danger of breaking up under the ordinary impact of death and inheritance taxes

There were restrictions upon disposition of property, and the NSDAP had a voice in selecting the proprietor. The propri- tor could, and did, delegate his powers and establish a structure similar to a normal German corporation.

2, Offene Handelsgesellschaft (o.H.G.)

This form of enterprise corresponds essentially to the American general partnership. Generally each partner

has power to act for the partnership and is personally liable

-51 for partnership debts. The o.H.G. was used seldom, if at all, by Krupp.

3. Kommanditgesellschaft (K.G.) This corresponds to the American limited partnership. The general partner has the exclusive right and power to represent and manage the partnership. The general partner

of the American law is called under German law the "Komple- mentaer" or the "persoenlichhaftendo Gesellschafter" ("personally liable partner"). The limited partner is called "Kommanditist".

D. Combinations of German Business Enterprises Combinations of business enterprises in Germany are

much more commonly organized than in the United States. Combination was sometimes compulsory, Under German law and business practice there were numerous forms of combines

of business enterprises, among them the following:

1. "Konzern" (Concern) This was defined in German corporation law as a group

of legally separate enterprises which, functionally, were under unified direction. Krupp was sometimes referred to a a "Konzern," particularly because it included a large number

of legally separate enterprises, and possibly because it

included a number of large enterprises which previously were separate legal entities.

2. "Interessen-Gemeinschaft" (I.G.

This was literally a "community of interests," and

- 52 - was a form rarely used, except in such cases as the joining together of large firms, in a permanent relationship or for a temporary or limited objective.

3. "Kartell" (Cartel) This is a combination of independent business units for the purpose of influencing the market, by eliminating or regulating competition among themselves.

4. "Syndikat" (Syndicate)

This is a type of cartel with a centralized sales and control organization, the latter usually in the firm

of a A.G. or G.m.b.H. Krupp was a member of a number of syndicates of considerable importance, particularly the

coal syndicates. 5. Special Statutory Cartels

In some instances cartels were created by special

statutory provisions giving them official regulatory powers

and making membership compulsory for all members of an industry. An outstanding example is found in the compulsory

coal syndicate created by a law of 23 March 1919, which replaced the former voluntary syndicates. These mining corporations were required to belong to the German coal syn-

dicates. The function of the syndicate, ordinarily set up on a regional basis, was to buy all coal production with-

in the area and to provide a centrai sales organization. At

the same time the syndicate exerted broad control over pro-

duction. The influence of the individual producer as a

member of the syndicate dep e nded upon his share in the total

53 production. The Minister of Economics possessed a veto over the actions and resolutions of the coal syndicates.

E. Corporate Affiliations "Schachtel-Privilege"under German Tax LPN (the

This does not refer to a separate form of combination of business enterprises but to a concept of German income tax law for corporations. Dividends received by a corporation

from another cor p oration in which it holds at least 25 per cent of the stock are exempt from income taxation.

The same principle applied to the property tax with respect to the ownership interest in a subsidiary. IV. HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF FR IED, KRUPP

A. Historical Outline of the Krupp Family and Enterprise to 1914

The first Krupp industrial enterprise was the "Gute Hoffnung" (Good Hope; Ironworks at Sterkrade, on the borders of Prussia and Cleves. Friedrich Krupp, born in 1787, undertook the management of this plant in 1807, but it was

soon lost to the family. (Centurys History, pp. 4 -12; Berdrow, pp. 13-15; Menne, pp. 12-22.) During the Na poleonic Wars the demand for cast steel,

which was embargoed from England, increased; and in 1811 Friedrich Krupp built the "Fried. Krupp Cast Steel Foundry"

on the Volkmuehle property in Essen. During the next few

years the Prussian mint, and eventually the mints of other governments, provided a large part of the work. In 1819 new works were opened and orders from the Prussian Ordnance came in for steel for bayonets and gun barrels. (Centurys

History, pp. 12-22, 26; Berdrow, pp. 16--24, 53; Menne, pp.

32-34. The eldest son, Alfred Kru pp, succeeded upon the death

of the founder in 1826, to the leading position in the management, and to the ownership of the works, together with

members of his family. In 1843, Krupp, together with the Schoeller family, built a plant in Berndorf, Austria, for the manufacture of table cutlery and plated sheets. Cannon

construction by Krupp dates from 1 844, when the Prussian

military authorities ordered an experimental one-ton gun-55- of cast steel for a three-pound shot. The building of the first German railroads in the 1840s initiated Krupps business in railway products. The single management of the

Essen works was acquired by Alfred Krupp in 1848, for

40,000 thalers, by purchasing the interests of members of

the family. At the samo time Alfreds interests in the

Berndorf Works was released to a brother, Hermann. it was

not until 1859, upon the death of his partner, Soelling, that Alfred became sole owner of the Essen enterprise.

(Centurys History, pp. 42-44,53--55, 57, 67-77, 81-82,

86--87, 114-29; Berdrow, pp .34, 39-40, 48, 72 , 74-78, 113- 57 16, 132-3 4 Menne , pp. 39-41, 51-52, 60-63.) The first complete gun shop was built in 1861. (Berdrow

p. 151.) The introduction of the English Bessemer process developed the Krupp works from a specialized casting factory into a complete iron works. They expanded vertically and

acquired fifty beds of iron ore in the Lahn district and leased the "Graf Beust" colliery. Resident agents were placed in all the great cities of Europe. During the boom following the large-scale use of Krupp guns in the Franco-

Prussian war of 1870, Krupp acquired over 300 ore deposits in Western Germany and a holding in the Orcanera Iron Com-

pany, which held valuable deposits of high-grade ore at Bilbao, Spain. A fleet of transport ships was built, and

interests acquired in the Netherlands in connection with transport and docking. American interest had been attracted by the display at the Philadelphia Worlds Fair of the

Krupp 14-inch gun; but it was the sale of rails, axles and

other items needed in the vast program of railroad building

in the United States that helped pull Krupp out of the sub- sequent depression of the 1870s. (Centurys History, pp.

92-114, 174-79; Berdrow, 169-71, 175-78, 243, 259-60; Menne,

pp. 82-83, 94-95 104-13.) Krupps desire to design as well as to construct guns was realized through the work of Gross; and to develop designing and independence from the Ordnance Board, Krupp commenced the acquisition in 1873 of firing ranges.

Alfred Krupp died on July 14, 1887 and the inheritor

of the works was Friedrich Alfred Krupp. Under him the administration and manufacturing methods were modernized, and scientific research was given greater attention. New

shops were built, colleries in Lorraine and the Germania shipyards were acquired. The principal German competitor,

the Gruson Works--the developer of armor plate and the recoil gun--was bought out on the stock exchange. Licenses on

Krupp armor plate were granted to the Carnegie and Bethlehem Steel Companies. (Centurys History, pp. 245-56, 258-72, 292-302; Berdrow, pp. 294-302; Menne, pp.. 153-61, 170-71.) The dismissal of Bismarck removed the last check on the

governments policy of world expansion, the chief factor

in which would be naval building. In 1897 von Tirpitz was made Secretary of the Admiralty, and a program for popularizing the navy through the German Navy League was commenced. Krupp enjoyed particularly the good will of the

Emperor William II; and the Krupp Germania was the only private shipyard which participated in the building of every future German battleship through the mid 1930s.

In fifteen years prior to World War I, Krupp built nine battleships, five light cruisers, thirty-three destroyers, and ten submarines, (Century s History, pp, 288 -302; Menne, pp . 161-71, 233-40.) Friedrich Alfreds generation produced no sons and, upon his death in 1902 the heiress was the 16-year-old Bertha Antoinette Krupp. The will of the deceased

for the reorganization of the firm into a private, liability company in order to regularize relations the owner and the administration, but no surrender of

proprietary rights was contemplated and no Krupp shares

were ever to be dealt in on the stock exchange. 159,996 shares of 1,000 marks each were allotted to the oldest child

Bertha, and, in order to comply with legal requirements, the remaining four shares were carefully distributed, and

later accumulated by Bertha and her sister Barbara. (Can -

pp. 311-12; Berdrow, pp. 311; Menne, pp. -turys History,

223-25.)

Immediately after the death of Friedrich Alfred his

widow placed a contract for the building of the Friedrich Alfred Huette Rheinhausen on the left bank of the Rhine

-58- twenty miles from Essen The facilities for transport and this late use of the Thomas process, and other moder- nization, enabled Krupp to move from the ranks of a specia- list in certain classes of steel into those of the great steel producers. (Centurys History, pp. 314-15; Berdrow, pp . 31 0 , 3 15; Menne, pp. 226-27.) In 1906 Dr. Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach married the Krupp heiress, Bertha. He had been a secretary of legation at Washington and Pekin, and his maternal grandfather was a general of the United States Army in the Civil War. At the wedding the Emperor conferred upon Gustav the right to use

the name "Krupp," The sister, Barbara, later married Baron Tilo von Wilmowsky, son of the former head of the imperial Chance-

tory. (Menne, pp. 274-75.) Technological progress went side by side with the vast

naval race of the period. In 1906 Krupps most original contribution to armament, the first German submarine, was

built. In 1907 the electro-metallurgical furnace process was introduced; and a fourth firing range was laid out at

Essen. B. Corporate and Plant Structure 1. Changes in Form The firm of Krupp has been a wholly-owned family enter-

prise since shortly after its founding in 1812; and during most of that time it has been owned by a single individual. It operated as a private firm until the death of Friedrich Alfred Krupp in 1902 and the extinction of the male line of the family,

In 1903 a corporation, Fried. Krupp A.G., was formed, with almost the entire share-holdings held by the eldest daughter of Friedrich Alfred-Bertha Krupp. Until the end of 1943 the firm structure was formally that of a normal German stock corporation. Negotiations were commenced in 1942 to change the structure of Fried. Krupp from an A.G. to a private firm and the ownership to Alfried Krupp von Bohlen. The fact that negotiations, which were expected to be successfully

terminated, were under way brought about organizational and structural changes of a minor degree prior to the formal dissolution of the corporation in December, 1943.

In April, 1943, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen was named chairman of the Vorstand,

In December, 1943, the corporation was dissolved; and, in accordance with the Lox Krupp, a special dispens-

ation from Hitler, and a Family Statute, the entire ownership was placed in Alfried Krupp von Bohlen, as sole pro-

prietor, with rIghts of perpetual succession by individual, designated heirs. Only the top firm was affected by this

change--and that change was confined almost to the dropping of the suffix "A. G.," the ownership, the abolition of the

Aufsichtsrat and the juristic concept of the enterprise. 2. Relationship of the Governing Bodies

German corporate law permitted and, after 1937, encouraged the curtailment of the responsibility of the y Aufsichtsrat. In the corporation it was a largely honorary body. This was due chiefly to the circumstance of almost

single stock-ownership, which had the ultimate authority

and which chose as its single spokesman the Chairman of the Aufsichtsrat; and the practical necessity of empowering the actual management with the primary authority. The only active member of the Aufsichtsrat was

Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Chairman from 1909 to 1943. The rest of the Aufsichtsrat was composed of leading men in the German business world--industrialists bankers and, traditionally, retired government officials

of high rank and excellent contacts. The Deputy Chairman

of the Aufsichtsrat was Freiherr Tile von Wilmowsky, hus-

band of Barbara Krupp, the younger sister of Bertha, who

performed principally the function of representing Fried.

Krupp A.G. in lar ge German banks and corporations, private and semi-public--the reci procating activity to representation by other prominent men on the Krupp Aufsichtsrat.

The few shares of the corporation stock owned by Frau

von Wilmowsky were, however, from 1938 voted by a repre-

sentative of the management, the defendent Max Ihn. Among other members of the last Aufsichtsrat were

Alfred Olscher, head of the Reichskredit Gesellschaft, A.G. ; Carl Goetz, Chairman of the Aufsichtsrat of the

Dresdner Bank; Hermann Schmitz, Chairman Of the Vorstand of I.G. Farben; Hermann von Siemens, Chairman of the Aufsicht rat of Siemens-Halske, A.G.; Hermann Buecher, Chairman of the Vorstand of Allgemeine Elektrizitaets Gesellschaft (AEG); and Arno Griessmann, retired War Material Department chief of Krupp. The factors which, however, minimized the importance,

power and res p onsibilities of the Aufsichtsrat of the top company, Fried. Krupp A. G., were not present in the relationship between the Essen management and such of the subsidiary

companies as were incorporated as Aktiengesellschaften. In the main, the management o f Fried. Krupp A.G. and of the successor

private firm, Fried. Krupp, chose to exercise authority and determine policy in such subsidiaries by representation on the

Aufsichtsraete. This applied, inter alia to the subsidiaries

Germaniawerft, Grusonwerk, Berthawerk, Deschimag and Rheinmeine

Moreover, the limited powers flowing from formal memberships the Aufsichtsraete were here combined, not only with powers flowing out of the representation of the ownership, but were

enlarged by control or direction in workaday matters centering in the Essen firm and upon which the subsidiaries were dependent

i.e., research, design, finance (including approval cf appro-

priation of over 5000 marks) and top level party, economic association and government contacts and representation

- 62 representation. Analogous methods of direction or control were exercised by the Fried. Krupp management in other subsidiaries which were not organized as A.G.s.

Structure of the Complex a. Plant Section of Fried. Krupp

Under both the corporate and the private firm Fried. Krupp had both the forms and functions of a holding, a supervising and an operating company. Fried. Krupp A.C. and private firm had as an integral part of their structure and function a plant section composed of most of the industrial units at Essen and Rheinhausen- -the Gusstahlfabrik (Cast Steel Works) at Essen, the Friedrich-Alfred Huette, and later the Krupp Stahlbau at Rheinhausen.

b. Daughter Companies The larger subsidiaries, in which Krupps interests exceeded 98%, were called Tochtergesellschaften (daughter companies), viz., Grusonwerk (machines and manufacturing),

Germaniawerft (shipbuilding), Aktiengesellschaft fuer

Unternehmungen der Eisen und Stahlindustrie (holding company for miscellaneous enterprises; and Sieg-Lahn Bergbau G.m.b.H.

(mines ). Smaller Subsidiaries The smaller subsidiaries or partly owned enterprises

were ordinarily held by one or the other of the plant sections of Fried. Krupp or one of the daughter companies. Of-

ten, also, the Gusstahlfabrik and the FAH maintained plants which were geographically distant from Essen or Rhein- hausen, but which were integral parts of these major plants Mines

Mines were often grouped into subsidiaries, usually in the form of G.m.b.H. or Bergrechtiche-Gewerk-schaften, which were in turn subsidiaries of daughter companies or the plant sections of Fried. Krupp, and sometimes än integral part of the plant sections. Plants in Occupied Territories

In the occupied territories, enterprises-- plants, mines, commercial and administrative organizations, etc.--wore held by Krupp in numerous ways. Usually they were acquired under "so-called "purchases," "leases," or "trusteeships." Frequently KRUPP organized some type of new business organization to hold and manage the enterprise. Often, too, such enterprises were held or managed directly as plants or units of the Gusstahlfabrik or other plantidentity. sections of the firm, with no separate corporate

f. Foreign Agencies and Subsidiaries In peacetime or in countries not occupied during the war, KRUPP also had numerous subsidiaries and agencies.

Agencies and special representatives were agents of the parent firm at Essen, unless a particular subsidiary did

a large amount of business and needed its own agent, also.

Complex arrangements were made in some cases, particularly after 1938 to conceal ownership, i.e., the creation of

special Swiss holding companies owned nominally by indi- viduals acting as fronts.

- 65 - C. Management Organization

l.. General Organization

The focal point of the KRUPP concern was Essen, the seat

of the parent company and of the most important plant, both of which had

a unitary management. Flexibility existed in the structure at the level

of the top management to allow for changing circumstances, including

adjustments to new laws and new personalities. Exceptions to the pyramidal

form were fairly numerous at the top of the hierarchy. Below the top

level of command, control of the working of the departments and plants,

was maintained through a fairly rigid structure which had crystallized

into a pattern through the long history of the firm.

The relations between the Essen officials and the sub—

sidiary companies had become formalized. Some of these subsidiaries were

given more independence than others, but the degree of independence was

dependent upon the wishes of the central management in Essen. In any

case, the directors in Essen had to be kept informed regularly of the

activities of the subsidiaries. This was accomplished through monthly

reports and through the requirement that new plans and important decisions

be referred to the superiors in Essen before becoming final. Technical

problems were referred to the pertinent technical director in Essen; and

a similar rule applied in respect to commercial, personnel and other

matters. In particular cases the technical director, for example, might

have more control over the actual operation of a subsidiary than had the commercial or other directors. But this was a relation which, being based

on long practice, was well known to all personnel concerned and continued

to govern in spite of changing personnel. 2. Vorstand

The defendants in the present case include all of the living Vorstand and Direktorium members who held office during the last eighteen years: Alfried Krupp, Loeser, Houdremont, Erich Mueller, Janssen.

During the period of the A.G. the top managing body was, as was customary, called formally the "Vorstand" and sometimes the "Direkto-- rium." Under the private firm it was called, formally, the "Direktorium and often, informally, the "Vorstand." (Throughout the case the prosecution will use the formal names.)

The Vorstand at Krupp was from the latter half of the 1920s until 1943 composed of no more than three members. In addition to the over-all responsibility of each Vorstand member for the management of the

corporation, each Vorstand member was assigned specific fields of activity

in which he was charged with special responsibility on behalf of the entire

Vorstand. A member might have one or more such special responsibilities

in the following spheres: (i) technical, (2) administrative, (3) financ-

ial, (4) commercia l, (5) war material construction, (6) war material

sales, (7) machine shops and (8) raw materials. The members of the Vors

own field of work, and -stand had a high degree of autonomy within their

consulted informally with other members of the Vorstand concerned secon-

darily with the problem. Ordinarily members of the Vorstand who wore not

directly concerned with a matter in issue, and therefore not consulted

directly upon it, were informed by memoranda or copies of correspondence

concerning these issues. General matters were settled by informal confer-

ences or formal meeting of the members of the Vorstand. Full meetings of 67 the Vorstand were put on a regular basis again by Alfried Krupp in

19 43.

In March, 1941 the Vorstand was enlarged by the addition. of six deputy members. In March 1943 the .number of full-fledged members of Vor-

stand was increased to 5, the number of deputies remaining at 6. The

superseding of the Vorstand by the Direktorium in December 1943 did not

substantially affect the functions and responsibilities of the members

thereof, apart from making them all responsible to the new proprietor,

Alfried Krupp.

3. Deputies and Dezernente

To assist the Vorstand members in the management of the firm,

they made a work distribution among various officials in the firm, who

were given full responsibility for the results achieved by their depart-

ments. Account had to be given to the Vorstand of all accomplished and

important contemplated plans and activities. These officials wore

frequently referred to as Dezernente (an untranslatable term, connoting

a degree of self-sufficiency greater than that implied in the English

phrase department head"). Functions of the Krupp Dezernente included:

steel plants, steel center and research, personnel, war material sales,

artillery designing, mining. It was the more important of these Dezer-

nente, i.e., those whose responsibilities were greatest, who became

deputy members of the Vorstand in March 1941. Such membership was,

however, no prerequisite to the assumption of significant responsibility,

e.g. Griossmann was a Dezernent at the head of the Krupp Essen war Mato-

rial department from 1926 to 1938 and, nevertheless, was not a member of 68 the Vorstand or a deputy Member. The directors of the concern subsidiaries were also placed

in the category of Dezernente, their responsibility to the Vorstand in

Essen being the same as the responsibility of the Krupp Essen Dezernente.

All Dezernente were required to work together so that uniform policies

would prevail in the concern. Differences of opinions were submitted to

the Vorstand for decision.

4. Minor Departments

The minor departments each were headed by a department head

who ordinarily had the rank of Prokurist. The Prokurist was an employee

with authority to sign for the firm within a limited jurisdictional area.

Among those lessor departments were those of the special labor offices,

patents, press and public relations, etc.

5. Gruppenvorstand Occasionally, as in the case of Kupke and the camp administrat-

ion, a number of minor departments were grouped and headed by an official

with the rank of Gruppenvorstand. The individual units so grouped might

be responsible administratively to one head, and yet be subject to the

general supervision of the Gruppenvorstand. The place in the hierarchy

of such an official also was flexible: Kupke was, at first, responsible

directly to the Vorstand, and, later, to Ihn,

6 Parallel Organization

accompanying this vertical organizational structure there was

also a. somewhat parallel structure organized within the technical fields

of operation. There was, for example, the Stahlzentral, which was under

the member of the Vorstand representing technical matters, or: his deputy,

and which directed research in metallurgical fields. Similarly there was the Berlin office, in which the parent firm, from 1937, placed a deputy member of the Vorstand as the chief of the office. Within the

Berlin office several subsidiaries also maintained their own representatives; and also within it, from the middle 1930 s, was the R-Vertretung, which was the specialized office for liaison on military contracts and war economy matters. The Berlin office was also a sales agency and a liaison office with foreign government agencies for the sale of export material.

7. Abwehrbeauftragter (Counter-Intelligence Agent)

In 1939 the defendant von Buelow was designated by the firm to succeed to the position in the Gusstahlfabrik of military

Abwehrbeauftragter. In this position he was responsible to the

Vorstand, and particularly to the Plant leader, and simultaneously to the military Intelligence Office. Probably because of his position as

Abwehrbeauftragter the defendant von Buelow became at the same time the head of the Werkschutz, and as such responsible to the Vorstand, and the Plant Leader particularly, and administratively to the Personnel

Department. In 1943 the position was further extended to include the position of political Haupt—Ab wehrbeauftragter, with responsibility to

the Vorstand, the Plant Leader, the Gestapo, and the S.D.

8. Fuehrer des Betriebes and Betriebsfuehrer

The Gesetz zur Ordnung der Nationalen Arbeit (National

Labor Act) , 20 January 1934, introduced the Fuehrer principle into the plants. "According to this law, every plant must be represented

and led by a Plant Leader. (The word "plant" referred to a physicals

operating unit in space..) Questions involving the welfare and. -- 70-. working conditions of personnel in the plant were the responsibility of the Plant Leader.

According to the law the position of Plant Leader in an

A.G. devolved upon the Vorstand, which was the legally constituted organ and representative thereof. Since the Plant Leader must be actively engaged in managing the plant it was permissible for the Vorstand to designate one of its members as Plant Leader on its behalf, and such was the case in the Gusstahlfabrik where Georens and later Houdromont, the technical members of the Vorstand, were appointed to the position

Fuehrer des Betriebes. These appointments did not, however, relieve

the individual members of the Vorstand of their o ri ginal responsibility.

In actual practice, both before and after the statute, it

was the Personnel chief who formulated the general rules for the

governance of personnel in all the plants, and who actually performed

the duties of the top Plant Loader. Eventually recognition was given

to this fact, and the Personnel chief, Ihn, was named Deputy Fuehrer

des Betriebes.

In March 1943, Alfried Krupps position as Proprietor was

accorded theBetriebe). title leader of all the concern plants, (Fuehrer der

In charge of the individual workshops - of which Gusstahl-

fabrik had about 100 -- was the Betriebsfuehr er (also translatedas

Plant Leader). This position of Betriebsfuehrer existed ln KRUPP

long before the enactment of the aforementioned labor statute. He was

responsible for the operation of his workshop and for the welfare of his personnel to his superior, the Betriebs Direktor (Plant

Director), who, in turn, was responsible to the Fuehrer dos Betriebes, technical member of the Vorstand.

9. Plants Outside Essen

The plants located outside of Essen each had a Plant

Loader. If it were a self-contained corporate unit, and an

the Plant Leader was ordinarily the chairman of the Vorstand of that

corporative unit. Control by Essen was retained, as described above,

by means of memberships on the Aufsichtsraete of these units and by

the day-to-day dependence of the smaller units upon Essen and the

Essen management. Other plants were not operated as A.G. s, but in

some other form of corporate personality or in forms which were not

juristic persons. The mines, for example, were each headed by a mine

manager, and the group of mines owned by the particular corporate

unit were then managed by members of its Vorstand. Most direction of

mining business other than the purely technical aspects came

directly from the Essen management.

10. Plants in Occupied Territory

Ordinarily the management of the plants and other

properties, such as commercial or administrative organizations, mines,

etc., in occupied territories were headed by a representative sent from

Essen or upon the instructions of Essen and he might be accompanied

by a small staff, few of whom were in a managerial capacity, and most

of whom were technicians. The plants in the occupied territories -72- frequently utilized the management or a part of the management previously existing in the enterprise, and centralized control

within one or a very flew Krupp representatives. In some instances, new corporate organizations were established for those plants, and

the Essen agent and some of his staff assumed positions similar to that in a

normal German corporate enterprise.

- 73 - V. MAP, CHARTS AND TABLES FRIEDRICH KRUPP (A.G.) PLANT SECTIONS

AUSCHWITZ GUSSTAHLFABRIK KRUPP FRIEDRICH - UKRAINE PLANT STAHLBAU ALFRED- HUETTE ENTERPRISES

SUBSIDIARIES

A.G. UNTERNEHMEN- GERMANIAWERFTKRUPP A.G. KRUPP SIEG - LAHN GEN EISEN UND STAHL INDUSTRIE GRUSONWERK A.G. BERGBAU G.M.B.H.

MINING SUBSIDIARIESINDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL SUBSIDIARIES SUBSIDIARIES

KRUPP KRUPP DEUTSCHE SCHIFFS DRUCKENMUELLER KRUPP NORDDEUTSCHE WESTFAELISCHE MASCHIENBAU TREIBSTOFFSWERK DRAHTINDUSTRIE BERTHAWERKE A.G. G.M.B.H. HUETTE A G. A. G. BERLIN-TEMPELHOF A. G.

ELMAG BERNDORFER KRUPP KRUPP METALLWARENFABRIK WERKE BRUSSELS 5.4, ARTHUR KRUPPA G. G. M. B. H. S.A. PARIS TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NLK-12005 A

CHART C (page 2 of original) Fried .Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

April 1934- April 1936

Aufsichtsrat Chairman, Gustav Krupp

Vorstand; GOERENS BUSCHFELD KLOTZBACH GRIESSMANN Metallurgy, Finance, Mining, wer material J Steel Plants, Administration, Trade, L Plant Leader Machine plante. Locomotive Plants from 1 May 1934

CUNTZ

Deputy Vorstand - Member

r HOUDREMONT KORSCHAN ] PFIRSCH RITTER E.MUELLER Administration from Steel Center Steel Plants, Personnel Berlin Office Artillery excluding Borbeck Designing April 19_15 Foundry endand Mill 2 EBERHARDT "Tearear material Sales

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT22.10.1947 TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NIK - 12005 A

(page 3 of doe ) CHART D Fried, Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

April 1936 - Sept.1937

Aufsichtsrat Chairman; Gustav Krupp

GOERENS KLOTZBACH BUSCHFELD GRIESSMANN Vorstands-eMitglieder died, 16.10. 1936 I Metallurgy. I Mining. War Material steel Plants, Finance, Trade. Plant Leader Administration, Locomotive plante] Machine Planta,

CUNTZ ALFRIED KRUPP

Deputy Vorstand- from 1.10.1936 Member

KORSCHAN BUELOW JANSSEN IHN PFIRSCH ERICH MUELLER HOUDREMONT 1 Steel Center, f teal Plants Special tasks tasks, Personnel, Artillery Designing Research Berlin Office Deputy Department from April 1937 Abwehrbeauftragter [from October 1936 EBERHARDT

War Material sales I

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 22.10.1947 DOCUMENT NICK - 12005 A OF TRANSLATION

( page 4 of original ) CHART E Fried. Krupp A.G. and Gusstanlfabrik

October 1937 -September 1938

Aufsi chtaret Chairman, Gustav Krupp

r GOERENS Vorstands-Mitglieder LOESER j KLOTZBACH GRIESSMANN r J Metallurgy, Finance, mining, war material Steel Plants, Administration J Trade, Machine Plants, Loccmotive Plants. i Plant Leader

CUNTZ

Deputy Vorstand- i ALFRIED KRUPP I member

HOUDREMONT l KORSCHAN JANSSEN IHN BUELOW 1 Steel Center Steel Plants Berlin office personnel, Special tasks and Research- Deputy Department Abwehrbeauftragter

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 22.10.1947 TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NICK • 12005A

(page 5 of original) CHART F

Fried. Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

October 1938 - March 1941

Aufsichtsrat Chairman; Gustav Krupp

Vorstand- GOERENS LOESER ALFRIED KRUPP Members: Metallurgy; Finance, Armament, Steel,Machine, Trade, Raw Material, and Administration Mining Locomotive Plants; Plant Leader

HN HOUDREMONT KORSCHAN I JANSSEN IRSCH E.MUELLER Deputy PF EBERHARDT Directors, I I Steel Center Steel Plants! Personnel Berlin Office Artillery Designing and Research War Material Department Sales

BEUSCH BUELOW LEHMANN KUPKE Welfare , Assistant to Ihn Essen Experimental General Administration 1939 rom February Range from 1940

r Abwehr Works police Advertising Employee Beauftragter from November and press Relations from Nov.1939 1939 from 1940

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 22.10.1947

12005 A TRTANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NIK -

(page 6 of original) Fried.Krupp A.G. and Gusstanlfabrik CHART G

April 1941 - April 1943.)

Aufsichtsrat chairman: Gustav Krupp

LOESER VorstandMembers:

Finance, Trade, Administration

Deputy Vorstand HOUDREMONT Members: Steel Center, Research and Material Testing

a Directors: BEUSCH BAUSCH IHN EBERHARDT

Welfare, Personnel War material General 1 Sales Administration KUPKE

BUELOW LEHMANN

Assistent T to Ihn Abwehr- Works police Advertising Employee Beauftragter and Press Relations workers camps from December Experimental 1942 Range until Dec. 1942

(Handschriftliche Untersohrift) HAUPT 22.10.1947 Essen TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NIK - 12005 A (page 7 of original) CHART H Fried. Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

April 1943 -December 1943

Aufsichtsrat ALFRIED KRUPP Chairman; Gustav Krupp Chairman of the Vorstand

Vorstand GOERENS HOUDREMONT ERICH MUELLER JANSSEN FRITZ MUELLER LOESER Members: 1 Deputy Chairman Metallurgy, Artillery Designing, Trade, Raw Material,`1 from 1.4.1943 of Vorstand, Steel Plants. Machine planta Finance, Mining without Plant Leader Machine plants until Nov.1943 Administration portfolio from 26 Nov. 1943

Friedrich-Alfred-Huette

Deputy Vors nd KORSCHAN LWOWSKI EBERHARDT IHN PFIRSCH RADEMACHER Members. General Machine General Leader of Eastern Plants, Chairman personnel, Berlin officer Steel Sales Ar Sales 7 of Berthawerke Administration Vorstand June 1943 from Apr il 1943

BUELOW KUPKE LEHMAN Workers Camps Assistant to Ihn T Abwehr- Advertising Employee Relations Labor Allocation r I Beauftragter Works police and Press Office A

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 22.10.1947 TRANSLATION DOCUMENT NIK-12005A of original) (page 8 CHART J Fried. Krupp and Gusstanlfabrik

29 December 1943 - May 1945

ALFRIED KRUPP

proprietor

Directorium GOERNS HOUDREMONT ERICH MUELLER JANSSEN FRITZ MUELLER Members: General, Metallurgy, [Artillery Dearing Trade, Raw Material, Plant Leader Steel and Maclaine Finance, ! mining Administration to Sept 1944 Plants, Plant Leader from Sept 1944

RADEMACHER DeputyDirectorium KORSCHAN LWOWSKI EBERHARDT IHN PFIRSCH Members: Leader of Eastern Friedrich- Armament and personnel. Berlin office "Steel Sales Plents, Chairman Alfred-Huette Machine Sales General of Berthawerk Administration, Vorstand Deputy plant Leader from Sept 1944

BUELOW LEHMANN

Assistant to Ihn

Abwehr- Works Police Advertising Employee Labor Allocation Beauftragter and Press Relations Office A

(Handschriiftliche22.10.1947 Unterscarift) HAUPT TRANSLATIONOFDOCUMENT No.NIK-8673 OFFICE OF CHIEF of COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES

AFFIDAVIT

I. Konrad Essen, having been duly warned that false statements on my part render me liable to punishment. herewith declare the following on oath, being under no duress;

1) The attached lists of the members of the Vorstand of the Friedr. Kruppf A.G., consisting of ten (10) pages, including lists of the members of the Aufsichtsrat and of the Vorstand of subsidiary companies, have been compiled under my supervision with the assistance of Herrn Brombacher (in the economic department ). These lists have been reviewed and corrected by us, We declare that we carried out the revision and correction to the best of our knowledge and belief.

have carefully read the pace of this affidavit as stated under oath and signed it personally, made the necessary corrections in my own handwriting and signed them with my initials. and herewith declare on my oath that I have spoken the truth in this statement to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signature : Konrad HAUPT

Sworn to and signed before me this 28th day of May 197 at Essen by Konrad HAUPT known to me to be the person making the above affidavit.

Signature: Irving BRILLIANT

U.S. Civilian A-441502

Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes U.S. War Department

CERTIFICATE OF TRANSLATION

I, Julia Kerr, 20165. hereby certify that I am thoroughly conversant with the English nd German Ianguages and that the above is a true and correct translation of document No. NIK - 8673.

Julia KERR 20185

END Freidr. Krupp A.G. Essen

a Members - Periode 1.9 35. 6 1936 j 1 1.93"(8 ;3 8 19 39 2 , ^ ^ O !4 r 194-2 1942-3

1 1 1 Fritz Johlitz

Be trieb tsra August Lentze

Henry Nathan

Alfred Olscher I IliQ I 1, A I4 Samuel Ritscher 1 i I 1 I

Herman Schultz j. . . 1 1 t .. V I I - I I Her man von Siemens It 1 I^ M. te, Heinrich Vielhaber U

Karl Wendt

1, Each annual period covers the months of October thru September. indicates persons was a member for the period indicated. A COPY OF DOCUMENT No. NIK 8673 Key: "M" OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL as definitely not a member for the period blank means a person w FOR WARS CRIMES CONT'D indicated.

(Handschriftliche Unterschrif) HAUPT- -28/5. 47.

Krupp A.G. Friede. , Essen COPY OF DOCUMENT No , NIK/8673 OFFICE Direktorium (Vorstand) CF CHIEF OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES CONTD

.. i T i93.5 61 .1.3L-".1.3L-",.1.3L-",-7 1937°- 8 19.38-9 11939-40 191;,O-41 19t#1 2^ 1942-3 I 1 1 ._ _...^ .^. _ - -____— _ r-

Karl Pfirsch ÿ i 1 DM i DM _ I..._ 4__

I DII DM I M _.....I__. ,_

Eduard .Houdremont 1 1 - i I ^ I I ! ! t I { DM DI^i , DM Heinz Korschan I i r ■

Erich I I 1 t DM DN PJf Mueller I 1 1 I

1 Nax Ihu 1 Î D

Hans C. Rademacher 1 T- 7-4 1 I1 i I Î Walter Lwowski I i I DM I

•

1. Each annual period covers the month of October thru September. Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated, .A blank means a person was definitely not a member of the (Haneschriftliche Unterschriet) HAUPT 28/5.47 period indicated. "D.M." means stellvertretendes Mitglied (deputy member . Friedr. Krupp A.G. Essen COPY CF DOCUMENT No. NIK- 8673 OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL Direktorium (Verstan d ) FOR WAR CRIMES CONTD

1131-2 Member - Period J4-4 if-9?)-P-5 j11 935-6 t 936-7

Wilhelm Buschfold

Heinrich Cuntz

Paul. Goerens Y. bn.

Friedric h Janssen DM. 1. Arthur Klotzbach M.

Alfried Krupp M.

Ewald Loeser M. M.

last A.G. Direkto- 1. Each annual period covers the month of october rium month of October thru September Key ; "M" indicated person was a member for the period indicated. A blank means a person was definitely handschriftliche Unterschrift not a member fe r the period indicated. "DM" me ans ste Llvertretendes Mitglied ( deputy member Haupt 28/5. 47 COPY OF DOCUMENT N. NIK - 8673 CFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL Frïedr. Krupp Gr------__-_-----usonwerke A,G. --_-__--_ FOR WAR CRIMES CONNED Vorstand . . . , I , / ^ - -^ ---- ^ ------r--- --- ------ --- --- ^ -__------t ----- -^^-- -r -----_ ---- / Members Period i Îq^^-^ Ì^^^-7 ! I ! q ! T/ / l9qI-2 1932-3 Ig^^-^ 1935-6 q^7^^ I9^8- I^^q -^0 Î^6O-^] `192l-2 --- ^ / / / / ^ ^ ^--~-----r------+--_----+~---_--.^ ^ . . i ~ _-----~------+------ -^r------r------7-----^----^| t t / ! . ! | t ^ ^. ^. . / . . / / D/ ^ ^ ^ / ^ . DX , / ]^ , D8 , | . { ^ | Arno Griessmann ------^------^ ^------^---- ---- ^^^----- / ------|.-- / ------------_------` I - - -^------| | ^ ) | ^ 1- DI m. DM. u D? M. .r. CarlKobizch ^m m^` i ^ ^ ^ ^^, i M. ) ü^" 0^ |. ^^ -^ _-_^---L - _-- _-_-_--_^ -_--^_-_-__ __--__---_-- _----_-_ - ^---_---^_-__-_ ____ ^ i - i / ^ " ^ [ - / I^`. | Friedrich Mehner DJ. 2W, I hi. ^~ ^, M. ^° --_-^^-^------^------- — ---r------ --- ------+--- -----^----^---^---^------ ^-----_ ---- / | ^ Herman Bammelt / Dr / I^^ ^^ I^^ -- ^-- ----- ------ / ------ ------___L^-^^^------^---` ------^. -------- _ i | | ^^" I^^. Ih^- DM; DM. I^^, / / I%^" ^^. ` | | ! |[0^ Z@^, ^^, ^ I^^ Friedrich Tillmann |_--_-_L-_- -_--l-__--_ -_-___-_-]|^-..i_----

covers the month of October thru September. 1. Each annual period Key: "M indicates person was a member for the period indicated. A blank means a person was definitely not member for the period indicated. "DM. indicates deputy member ( Stellvertretendes Vorstandsmitglied)

( Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5.47 ^

•

A.G., fuer Unternehmungen der Eisen/ und Stahlindustri e, COPY OF DOCUMENT No. NIK--8673 OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL- Aufsichtsrat Berlin CONTD CRIMES FOR WAR

r t .9 1 Members - Period 1/ 931-2 p 2- I 1 1934_75 I193576 1, 8 ;1938_9 1 .1939-401 .1 4 ^19.33-4 193 6.-7 14 3-937- 4c --1 1 941 -2 12 :` 194?-4 I :1_944-745 D i;, .4 . i i M. ï: Gustav Krupp L Y. Y. i M. i M. 1w. + 9 PJ I I I I . t t Thilo v. I Y. r I

r, I Tilo v. Wilmowsky I I,+. r ;r,, p,:, 9 I t:'' 9 i M. I M. I M. ii. Il. i M. I N. t Iui

t t E { t t t I I i I Georg Baur t I t t r I

Wi lheim Buschfeld { I I { 1 - I t

{ I I , _ r _ r I- _ >I i i t l i M. t NI. Aifried Krupp i N. bi, , M. I M. i P.T. I NI. t Ewald Loeser IJ. I M. } v/7. I i M. 1. I II I Y. 1% I .. i _ I I t { t Friedrich Janssen I Friedrich Janssen { t I

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thru September. Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated. blank means a person was definitely not a member for the period indicated. (Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5,47

Friedr. Krupp Germaniawerft . COPYA.G. Kiel OF DOCUMENT No.NIK-8673 Friedr. Krupp Aufsichtsrat OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES CONTD 4 ^„ a I941-2 i + 9 ,1° ,i g ? _^ ^ re^ ^c^. ,^/ ^^32 -••3 [1933-4 119,34 - 5 - - 5._. 6 1 6 1^37 -8 .; o-.i ^ 1^I^:1-2c ^ 1 2-._ i _ _t^ r t } Ér^bers - , ^- , 11938-9,1.1939-4 ^9^t 94 3 1943 f 19- 1^-4_, p Gus t av Krup _ °..._ If _... - f- Wilhelm Buschfeld I iv. !r I î i(. I M, thedl

l 1 stellvertr. Versitzer ... -t %r I 1 I I 1 Georg Baur N It e I ^ + 1 f i i ^.-!an. 1 I f I i ( f i 1 I ^.__ II _ i1 I_ I I i T I 1 I I 1 M. I IV, M. I M. - 1._ I _.. I 1 f t t_ I f 1 i I I I Hugo Mann tiTB. _{. Hugo Hann _ I Ir , N. ; N. I?, Alfried Kru p I i i I i i W. i N. p t .ç -,, i --..... _ 1 -._.._,._.1...... _. _ _..i- 1 ___, _.,.__.._ I . ___I ,. M. I I 1 I I d Lo eser Ewald 1 ; N. i M. M. t M. î, i I HeusingerM. Waldegg t P5..__, M. i Ivr, .. _r v. I 1 1 N, t I I M t I. 1 Y.

l 1 1 ï Ferdinand Weidendorf • 1 1 1 I 1 I I r, I i I v.._,._Y.1TiloM. Wilmowsky M, M, ti^. j M, M. I M. ! M. I M.. ; M. ; M. t Van. i f 1 I Heinrich Zorn i I ! 4 4 i 1 ! I I I i f 1 1 1^ . Friedrich Janssen i j M` I 1 II I M, fI M. ! Albert Schroeder i 1. 1- ,

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thru September, Key: "M indicates person was a Member for the period indicated. A blank méans a person was definitely not a member for the period indicated, (Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5.47 "V.d.B." is abbreviation for "Vertreter des Betriebsrates" or Representative cf the Fac t ory Council.

Friedr .Krupp„ Germaniawerft A.G. Kiel Vorstand, COPY OF DOCUMENT NO. NIK - 8673 OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES CANTS

-2 _^ ^_.6 1936_7 f , members Perioder .1 / , 1931 119.32 --3 933 Ii— ,1, 34-5 , 1935 , 75937-8 ! 193 8-9 i 1939-40,, 19l,-0--1 ,1941 -2 ; 1942-31 3.943-4 1944-45

Robert H emprich died 8,+ . I d • d i . ■ 4.,36. . Did I DM. LW DM ( Dlti LW DM DItC, 1(, Gottlieb Jahn _..__... ! N. Y. M. , - i -Johann Joeden i , M. M. i M. ^t—_.__ - 1 . . Î i . . V . . Karl O esten DSl1, i i i ,

. . . , . . i .1 i I . Kurt v, Sanden ; . N. IVi, ; M. IV, ; iv. ; M. i W. , It,. W. 1

Albert Schroeder r . M. 1, M. N. Y. Y. t it`, 1 W. 1, 1i 1 . I^r, 1 : ,

D1n D1> Rudolf Wiederholt I i Div.I , W. W. 1D1 ^ DM. BY. ,._._._.. ^._....

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thru September. Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated. A blank means a person was definitely not a member for the (Handschriftliche Unterschrift) periods---:indicated. "DM" indicates deputy member (Stellvertretendes Vorstandsmitglieder). HAUPT 28/5.47 .—

FRIEDR.Doc..,No.NIK-8673- KRUPP, GRUSONWERKE, A.G., MAGDEBURG. AUFSICHTSRAT. Copy of OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL. TD FOR WAR CRIMES CON

Members period 1/ r '12931-2 :19 2-3 1 1933-4 1 1934-6 1935:-6 1936-7, 19371.8 1938_.9 1939-4o !1940-1.' :1941-2 11.942-3 1043-4 ; 1944_45 j

IF, M, i • I . M. i; . i , ^- N. t M. Gustav Krupp,^^orsi;tzer 4 i N, i Y. , N. it Tilo v. Wilmowsky P I^. F , _ ^. M. f ^^M. 1 aID M 1 N , ï^ 14J^- I ,,dzed 1 I Claus v. Bohlen u.Halbah ; l lD 4

Arno Griessmann 1 1 f M. i . t M. i M, , M. , 1 1 t Otto Hardam i 1 Va. r VdB 1 , , r r

; I 1 Friedrich Knatz• 1 VôE, 1 + 1 4 F - o Al fried Krupp i ; i , An. M. 1 M. i M. - I ; Vorsitzeri , t t -. t ; Ewald Loeser Y Y. VT. i N, _.._._._ _.... '! w P`.._ I 1 I I Karl Wendt T" P. , M.; h 1 t Y. , N 3 . W I M M. I N. I M t Pf,

Erich Woitek t VdB. t I 1 1 ff1 1 ► ..,.__._.1____.... F_._...__. I ._._ t__:. i 1 t 1 1 1 ` t C f 1 t . t r t Friedrich Janssen I i , i P . I M.

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thruSeptember. Key; "M" indicates person was a memter for the period indicated, A blank means a person was definitely not a member for the period indicated; " VdB" is Abbreviation for "Vertreter-des Betriebsrates" or Haridsehrif tli che Unterschrift)_ HAUPT 28/5. 47 Representative of the Factory Cauncil.

A.G. fuer Unternehmungen de Eisen- und Stahlindustrie COPY OF DOCUMENT NO. NIK- 8673 OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL Verstand Berl in FOR WAR CRIMES CONT'D

i 1;'5 6 39 21-e l94o 3. 11942 11942- 3 i Members - Period 1/ i 19.31.--2 1 1932-3 i 1933-4 ^ 1934 ; 6 11 93 7 i.-937- 8 1193a 9 ci c l93-4944-45 T I I I I 1 .1 I i I I I I

Johannesllli } Schroederi 1 I 1 ï I t l 1 i i 1 1 Alfred- Busemann- I I - j t I I t I I I M. 2^. 1 M. M. M. 1 tyr: I f Fredrich Janssen i ... 1 __ .__._. t ■ t i I { - I 1 i L -.-_...er I I __---- 1 I I 1 t I I i r N. I Y. Hans C. Rademacher i _ !- - 1 I ^.

Each annual period coversthru September. the months of October Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated. A blank means a person was definitely not a member for the period indicated. (Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5.47