Sheep Experimental Model for Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection for the Study of Immunopathogenesis, Pathology and Vaccinology

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Sheep Experimental Model for Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection for the Study of Immunopathogenesis, Pathology and Vaccinology ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Sheep experimental model for Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection for the study of immunopathogenesis, pathology and vaccinology Thesis En Bellaterra, el 30 de marzo de 2017 Fdo.: Iván José Galindo Cardiel Fdo.: Mariano Domingo Álvarez Doctorando Director Programa de doctorat en Medicina i Sanitat Animal. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Departament de Sanitat Animal Tesi doctoral presentada per Iván José Galindo Cardiel per accedir al grau de Doctor en Veterinària dins del programa de Doctorat en Medicina i Sanitat Animals de la Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, sota la direcció del Dr. Mariano Domingo Álvarez. Bellaterra, Abril de 2017 Facultat de Veterinària de Barcelona El Dr. MARIANO DOMINGO ÁLVAREZ, Catedràtic d’Universitat del Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals de la Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona i investigador adscrit al CReSA, Certifica: Que la memòria titulada “Sheep experimental model for Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection for the study of immunopathogenesis, pathology and vaccinology” presentada per en IVAN GALINDO CARDIEL per a l’obtenció del grau de Doctor, s’ha realitzat sota la seva direcció i, considerant‐la acabada, n’autoritza la seva presentació per tal de ser avaluada per la comissió corresponent. I per tal que consti als efectes oportuns, signen el present certificat a Bellaterra (Barcelona), a 7 de abril de 2017. Dr. Mariano Domingo Álvarez Iván José Galindo Cardiel Director Doctorand Para Raquel, Paula y Martina, mis razones para luchar día a día. Agradecimientos Ha pasado tanto tiempo desde que empecé a pensar en doctorarme, que casi no me acuerdo de las razones por las que comencé… De hecho, las razones y motivaciones prácticas para acabar este camino, hace lustros que han dejado de tener sentido para mí. Las que me valen, las llevo como sentimientos grabados a fuego en mi interior, y en este papel quisiera reflejar algunas. Puede afirmarse que fue por el espíritu de superación inculcado por mis padres, María y José, que me enseñaron que, con trabajo, perseverancia y esfuerzo, se trazan las vías para conseguir los objetivos personales. También puede decirse que fue por las vivencias con mis hermanos, Raúl y Nacho, que me enseñaron a pelear, reír, llorar, evolucionar, ser y comportarme como un hombre ante las circunstancias de la vida. Mis deslumbrantes sobrinas, Miriam y Leyre, que me han enseñado todas las acepciones de la palabra reír, incluso ante los problemas. Mi cuñada, Inma, que me aportó el valor de la sencillez como bandera. Mis padres adoptivos, más que suegros, Adolfo y MariCarmen, y mi hermano de sangre Iván, que siempre han estado ahí, empujando calladamente para darme el impulso preciso para seguir. Sin lugar a dudas, gracias a mi mujer, compañera, amiga y confidente Raquel, que, tras todo este tiempo de soporte, ánimos y amor, merece más que yo este título. Ella me ha regalado a nuestras dos hijas, Paula y Martina, que son las razones últimas por las que merece la pena terminar este ciclo vital, para poder comenzar y descubrir otros en su compañía. Por todos ellos, y no por mí, he conseguido cerrar este capítulo de mi vida que tantas y tantas veces he dado por finiquitado o por imposible. Gracias a mi familia, natural, política, propia, he mantenido la ilusión suficiente y empleado las energías precisas para acabar este camino maravilloso que fue mi tesis doctoral. En este largo recorrido no puedo dejar de recordar a todos mis maestros y amigos, que tanto me han enseñado y a los que tanto debo, como profesional y persona. Desde Lluís, que me acogió cuando nadie más quería saber nada del “marrón del chico nuevo”, hasta Natalia, Quim, Alberto y Toni, que me enseñaron, integraron en su equipo y me transmitieron su saber de forma constante y paciente, todos ellos me han estimulado a crecer continuamente como patólogo, veterinario y científico. No puedo agradeceros suficientemente vuestra ayuda en este camino, sólo espero que algo haya podido dejaros en prenda y que la vida nos permita seguir trabajando juntos. Mis compañeros, doctorandos y residentes, amigos de alegrías y penas, han sido mis soportes a lo largo de todo este tiempo, y no puedo dejar pasar esta ocasión para lanzarles un “¡lo conseguí jefes! ¡gracias! ¡os debo una!”. Eider, Marta, Miguel, Charly, Alba, Simon, Guilliam, Jessi, Sara, Llorenç, Jorge… Todos tenéis un lugar en mi corazón. Parte de lo que soy ahora os lo debo a vosotros, por saberme orientar, enseñar y sufrir juntos cuando tocaba, recogiendo muestras, pinchando bichos, haciendo necropsias y estudiando el mundo. Ha sido un privilegio poder aprender con y de vosotros. La gente del antiguo departamento y de mi querido CReSA, Mar, mis queridas técnicos de AP, Enric, Esther, Dolors, Martí, Rosa, Sergio, Vicky, Fernando, Nuria, Mónica, Rosa V., Joan, Xavi, David, Iván, el equipo de estabulario al completo, y un enorme etcétera que seguro no puedo abarcar, merecen todo mi cariño, mi agradecimiento y mi respeto incondicional. Todos aportaron sus granitos de arena para poder sacar adelante este manuscrito y sus trabajos derivados. Grandes equipos compuestos por grandes personas. Tampoco puedo evitar tener este sentimiento de agradecimiento por haber pasado todas las fases del camino doctoral de todas las maneras posibles… Con las maletas en Holanda, España o Estados Unidos, con uno u otro jefe (Anne, Juan, Cory), tres cambios de proyecto doctoral, profundos sinsabores perlados de grandes alegrías, traslados, prisas, broncas, estrés por entregar, publicaciones, congresos, reuniones, pruebas, entrenamientos diagnósticos increíbles, semanas fantásticas rodeadas de aquellos que escriben los libros que estudio, migrañas… Todo me enseñó a ser como soy hoy, tanto lo bueno como lo malo. A día de hoy, pienso que todo ocurre por una razón, y tengo la suerte de que apenas recuerdo los malos momentos, pero sí que me acuerdo frecuentemente y sonrío pensando en los buenos. Algo más para agradecer, ahora que se termina. Para acabar, quisiera darle las gracias también a mi director y maestro, Mariano, que, tras no pocas vicisitudes, transiciones y cambios, me ha brindado la oportunidad de doctorarme, regalándome de paso parte de sus conocimientos y experiencias como profesional y jefe. Espero que la experiencia nos permita seguir creciendo juntos profesionalmente. A todos vosotros. Por todos vosotros. Gracias de todo corazón. Project Acknowledgments The author thanks T. Gerdes and S. Smith -ARC-OVI, South Africa- for providing the four RVFV isolates used in this study, and C.J. Peters and R. Tesh -WRCEVA, Galveston, TX- for providing the MP12 strain used for the immunological assays. The author also thanks David Wallace for critical reading of the first manuscript and Maite Martín, Mónica Mailló y Rosa Valle (CReSA) for her excellent technical assistance all the way long. The author especially thanks the ABSL3 technical staff of CReSA for their dedication and efforts during the special conditions necessitated by the experimental phases of this project. This work was supported in part by grants AGL-2008-03710 and AGL-2011-22485, from the Spanish Ministry of Science and by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7, 2007–2013), Research Infrastructures action, under the grant agreement No. FP7-228394 (NADIR). The funding sources had no involvement in the study design nor in the writing of the report and the decision to submit the article for publication. Table of Contents Certifica: ................................................................................................................................4 Agradecimientos.....................................................................................................................8 Project Acknowledgments....................................................................................................10 Table of Contents..................................................................................................................11 Summary..............................................................................................................................15 List of abbreviations.............................................................................................................17 List of tables..........................................................................................................................18 List of figures........................................................................................................................19 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................20 1.1. Rift Valley Fever Virus: etiology and characterization..........................................................................20 1.1.1. The virus..............................................................................................................20
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